0% found this document useful (0 votes)
73 views4 pages

Henry Murray

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 4

Henry Murray

(1893 – 1988)

(SLIDE 1)
Henry was born in New York on May 23, 1893.

He belonged to a wealthy family whose house is


now the cite of Rockefeller Center in New York.

Murray was cross – eyed and underwent surgery


at home, but surgeon’s blade slipped, rendering
him without stereoscopic vision. His inability to
focus on the ball made him incapable of indulging (SLIDE 3)
sports and was compounded by his speech Henry married Josephine Rantaul, An heiress to
difficulty (stutter) during childhood. These he Dupont Family fortune in 1916. They had one
challenged him to try other extracurricular daughter, born in 1921. Eventually Henry fell
activities, like football or boxing. He was inlove with another woman named Christiana
successful in boxing and won the local Morgan even though he’s married to Josephine,
featherweight championship. But Henry refused to leave his wife and lived with
his personal conflict for two years. In 1930,
(SLIDE 2) Murray and Morgan collaborated on the
Henry studied at Groton School and Harvard Thematic Apperception Test.
College.
Earning his AB Major in History in 1915. Henry’s wife died in 1962, putting him into a
Finished medicine and received the MA in Biology severe depression threatened to overcome him.
from Columbia University in 1919.
Henry obtained his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from
Cambridge University and joined the Harvard After the next five years , Christina Morgan
University as an instructor in Psychology in 1927. also died. And then on June 23, 1988 Henry
For fifteen (15) years he headed the Harvard died because of pneumonia at the age of 95.
Psychological Clinic and became the emeritus
professor in 1962.

He was also awarded the “Distinguished Scientific


Contribution Award” by an Americal Psychological (SLIDE 4)
Association and “Gold Medal Award” by the
View of Human Nature
American Psychological Foundation for his
lifetime contribution to Psychology.
Henry Murray’s theory was strongly
influenced by Freud’s Psychoanaltytic theory.
However, for Henry, the “id” includes
impluses that areacceptable to the self and
society. The “super ego” is and internalized
subsystem that acts within the idealized
picture of the self. It is a set of personal
ambitions that the individual aspires for.
It is presumed that all individuals have
Stages of Personality complexes of varying severity, and only in
extreme cases do these imply abnormality.
Henry focused on the importance of Murray described a comples as “as enduring
genetic and maturational factors in the integrate derived from one of the above-
mentioned enjoyed conditions that
development of personality. He listed the
determines unconsciously the course of later
stages of personality as:
development”
1. Childhood, Adolescence and Young
Adulthood. (SLIDE 5)
2. Middle years THE FIVE COMPLEXES
3. Senescence (final era)
1. The Claustral Complexes
During the First Stage, new structural Represent residuals of the uterine prenatal
compositions emerge and multiply. experience of the individual. This area of
experience has been dealt with by analysts
The Middle years are marked by including Freud and Rank, So Henry brought
conservative recompositions of the together and systemized these ideas,
already emerged structures and elaborated on them, and added a suitable
label. So there are specific three types of
functions.
complex:

And during the Final stage, Senescence, a. Simple Claustral Complex – revolves
the capacity to form new compositions and around the wish to reinstate the
recompositions decreases, while the atrophy conditions similar to those prevailing
of existing forms and functions increases before birth.
within the period.
b. Fear of insupport complex – centers
around the anxiety of insupport and
When the effects of infatile experiences upon helplessness.
later behavior are clear and expensive, the
individual is said to have a complex. Murray c. Aggression Complex – is anxiously
defines and provides rough specification for directed against suffocation and
the measurement of five complexes: confinement.
(SLIDE 6)
Clausral 2. Oral Complexes
Oral Represent derivatuves of early feeding
Anal experiences. Murray proposed three sub –
Urethra complexes, all of which invlove the mouth
Castration but each with a distinct activity.

Each represents the outcome of happenings a. Oral succorance comples


involving one of the areas of pleasurable involves oral activity in combination
experience. with passive and dependent tendencies
b. Oral aggression complex
combines oral activity with aggresion;
manifested in oral automatism such as while Convert needs usually belong to the
biting; cathexis for solid objects. world of fantasy and dreams.

c. Oral Rejection Complex C. Focal needs and Diffused needs. Focal


involves spitting and disgust over oral needs are linked to specific classes of
activities and objects. environmental objects, whereas diffused are
so generalized that they apply to almost
3. Anal Complexes every environmental setting. If the need is
Are derived from events associated with the firmly attached to unsuitable objects, it is
act of defeating and bowel training. called fixation and is usually considered
pathological.
a. Anal rejection complex
includes diarrhea and cathexis for feces; D. Proactive and Reactive needs. Proactive
includes need for aggression, needs are those from within and become “
particularly, dirtying or smeating. spontaneously kinetic” as the result of
something in the persont rather than
b. Anal retention complex something in the environment. Reactive
an underlying cathexis for feces but is needs are activated by environmental event.
concealed behind an apparent disgust,
prudishness and negative reaction to E. Modal and Effect needs. Modal needs
decation. involves doing something with a certain
(Slide 7) degree of excellence or quality. Effect needs
4. Urethal Complex are those that lead ro a desired state or end.
is associated with excessive ambition and
distorted sense of self – esteem.
(SLIDE 8)
5. Genital or Castration Complex The PRESS is an environmental force that
is when fear grows out of masturbation and interacts with needs to determine behavior.
parental punishment.
Two kinds of PRESS:
TYPES OF NEEDS
a. Alpha Press – environmental objects that
A. Primary and Secondary needs. The exist in reality or as objective inquiry
primary or viscerogenic needs are linked to disclose
characteristic organic events and typically them.
refer to physical satisfactions. While, the
secondary or psychogenic needs are b. Beta Press – environmental objects as
presumbky derived from the primary needs they are precieved and interpreted by the
and are characterized by lack of focal individual
connection with any specific organic process
or physical satisfaction.

TENSION REDUCTION
B. Overt and Convert needs. Also known as
mabifest needs and latent needs. Overt needs When a need is aroused, th individual is in a
are typically expressed in motor behavior, state of tension. Satisfaction of the need
results in reduction of tension. A tension – 11. Harmavoidance – to avoid pain, physical
free situation is a source of distress. injury, illness and even death.
12. Infavoidacme – to avoid humiliation and
failure
Thema is a molar and interactive 13. Nurturance – to give sympathy and
behavioral unit. It involves the interaction gratify the needs of helpless object.
between the investigating situation and the 14. Order – to put things in order or organize.
need that is operating. With this concept, the 15. Play – to act for fun and enjoy.
theorist can present the situation that 16. Rejection – to separate oneself or exclude.
instigates or leads to the operation of 17. Sentience – to seek and enjoy sensuous
particular needs, as well as the outcome or impressions
results of the operation of the needs. 18. Sex – to form an erotic relationship
19. Succoranc – to always have a supporter
Proceedings – period of time required for 20. Understanding – to ask or answer general
completion of an important pattern of questions, to analyze experience.
behavior (SLIDE 10)
Serial – succession of proceedings related to Henry Murray’s Strengths
the same function or purpose.
Needs – explain the motivation and 1. Murray’s Therory and his research have
direction of behavior. It is physiological, played a crucial role in promoting a more
based on hypothetical constructs. serious interest in psychoanalytic theory
among academic psychologists.
2. His theory simultaneously emphazises the
(SLIDE 9) importance of the organism’s part and the
20 NEEDS OF POPLE: present context within which behavior
1. Abasement – to submit passively to takes place.
external forces, self depreciation, low 3. He conducted intensive study of small
self – regard. numbers of normal people.
2. Achievement – to accomplish something
3. Affiliation – to draw near and enjoyable Henry Murray’s Weaknesses
cooperate or reciprocate with an allied
other. 1. Some critics think his theory is so broad it
4. Aggression – to overcome opposition loses the power or vigor attaced to a more
forcefully, to fight. limited and specialized point of view.
5. Autonomy – to get free, shake off restraint, 2. Murray’s patience and skill as a taxonomist
break out of confinement and strive for
independence. led him to create so many file distinctions
6. Counteraction – to overcome weakness and and detailed classifications that made his
repress fear. studies in behavior unnecessarily complex.
7. Defendant – to defend the self against 3.Murray’s writing and his research are not
assault, to explain fashionable in the current psychological
8. Deference – to admire and support a world.
superior, to praise, honor, and serve gladly
9. Dominance - -to control one’s human
environment, to lead and direct.
10. Exhibition – to make an impression

You might also like