SUCCESS ONE HSC *

MATHEMATICS
EXTENSION 1

Past HSC Papers &

Worked Answers
1992–2013

PLUS
Topic Index of
Past HSC Questions

Free-to-download HSC Exam with answers

 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — EXAMINATION PAPER

2012
H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E
E X A M I N AT I O N

Mathematics Extension 1

General Instructions Total marks – 70

• Reading time – 5 minutes
Section I Pages 3–6
• Working time – 2 hours
10 marks
• Write using black or blue pen
Black pen is preferred • Attempt Questions 1–10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section
© PA SCA L PRESS 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

• Board-approved calculators may

be used
Section II Pages 7–14
• A table of standard integrals is
provided at the back of this paper 60 marks
• In Questions 11–14, show • Attempt Questions 11–14
relevant mathematical reasoning • Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section
and/or calculations

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — EXAMINATION PAPER

Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10.

1 Which expression is a correct factorisation of x 3 – 27?

(A) ( x − 3)( x 2 − 3x + 9)
(B) ( x − 3)( x 2 − 6 x + 9)
(C) ( x − 3)( x 2 + 3x + 9+)
(D) ( x − 3)( x 2 + 6 x + 9)

2 The point P divides the interval from A (–2, 2) to B (8, –3) internally in the ratio 3 : 2.

What is the x-coordinate of P?

(A) 4
(B) 2
(C) 0
(D) –1

3 A polynomial equation has roots α , β and γ where

α + β + γ = –2, αβ + αγ + βγ = 3 and αβγ = 1.

© PASCAL PRES S 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

Which polynomial equation has the roots α , β and γ ?

(A) x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0
(B) x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x − 1 = 0
(C) x 3 − 2x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0
(D) x 3 − 2x 2 + 3x − 1 = 0

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — EXAMINATION PAPER

4 Which function best describes the following graph?

3p
2

–2
2 x

3p
2

( A) y = 3 sin −1 2 x

3 −1
( B) y= sin 2 x
2
x
(C) y = 3 sin −1
2
3 −1 x
(D) y= sin
2 2

5 How many arrangements of the letters of the word OLYMPIC are possible if the C and
the L are to be together in any order?
© PA SCA L PRESS 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

(A) 5!
(B) 6!
(C) 2 × 5!
(D) 2 × 6!

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6 A particle is moving in simple harmonic motion with displacement x. Its velocity v is

given by

(
v 2 = 16 9 − x 2 . )
What is the amplitude, A, and the period, T, of the motion?

π
(A) A=3 and T =
2
π
(B) A=3 and T =
4
π
(C) A=4 and T =
3
2π
(D) A=4 an d T =
3

⌠
7 Which expression is equal to ⎮ sin 2 3x dx ?
⌡

1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
(A)
2 ⎜⎝ x − 3 sin 3 x ⎟⎠ + C

1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
(B)
2 ⎜⎝ x + 3 sin 3 x ⎟⎠ + C

1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
(C)
2 ⎜⎝ x − 6 sin 6 x ⎟⎠ + C

1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
(D)
2 ⎜⎝ x + 6 sin 6 x ⎟⎠ + C
© PASCAL PRES S 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

8 When the polynomial P ( x ) is divided by ( x + 1)( x – 3), the remainder is 2x + 7.

What is the remainder when P ( x ) is divided by x – 3?

(A) 1
(B) 7
(C) 9
(D) 13

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — EXAMINATION PAPER

9 What is the derivative of cos–1 ( 3x ) ?

1
(A)
3 1 − 9x2

−1
(B)
3 1 − 9x2

3
(C)
1 − 9x2

−3
(D)
1 − 9x2

10 The points A, B and P lie on a circle centred at O. The tangents to the circle at A and B
meet at the point T, and ∠ATB = θ .

A P

O
T q

What is ∠APB in terms of θ ?

θ
(A)
2
θ
(B) 90 ° −
© PA SCA L PRESS 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

2
(C) θ

(D) 180 ° − θ

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — EXAMINATION PAPER

Section II

60 marks
Attempt Questions 11–14
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

In Questions 11–14, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

3
⌠ 1
(a) Evaluate ⎮ dx . 3
⌡0 9 + x 2

(b) Differentiate x2 tan x with respect to x. 2

x
(c) Solve < 2. 3
x−3

2
⌠ 5
(d) Use the substitution u = 2 – x to evaluate ⎮ x ( 2 − x ) dx . 3
⌡1

(e) In how many ways can a committee of 3 men and 4 women be selected from 1
a group of 8 men and 10 women?
© PASCAL PRES S 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

(f) (i) Use the binomial theorem to find an expression for the constant term 2
12
⎛ 1⎞
in the expansion of ⎜ 2 x 3 − ⎟ .
⎝ x⎠

n
⎛ 1⎞
(ii) For what values of n does ⎜ 2 x 3 − ⎟ have a non-zero constant term? 1
⎝ x⎠

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — EXAMINATION PAPER

Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) Use mathematical induction to prove that 23n – 3n is divisible by 5 for n ≥ 1. 3

(b) Let ƒ ( x ) = 4 x − 3 .

(i) Find the domain of ƒ ( x ) . 1

(ii) Find an expression for the inverse function ƒ −1 ( x ) . 2

(iii) Find the points where the graphs y = ƒ ( x ) and y = x intersect. 1

(iv) On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs y = ƒ ( x ) and y = ƒ −1 ( x ) 2

showing the information found in part (iii).

(c) Kim and Mel play a simple game using a spinner marked with the numbers 1, 2,
3, 4 and 5.

5
1 4
2 3

The game consists of each player spinning the spinner once. Each of the five
numbers is equally likely to occur.

The player who obtains the higher number wins the game.
© PA SCA L PRESS 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

If both players obtain the same number, the result is a draw.

(i) Kim and Mel play one game. What is the probability that Kim wins the 1
game?

(ii) Kim and Mel play six games. What is the probability that Kim wins 2
exactly three games?

Question 12 continues on the following page

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — EXAMINATION PAPER

Question 12 (continued)

(d) Let A (0, –k) be a fixed point on the y-axis with k > 0. The point C (t, 0) is on
the x-axis. The point B (0, y) is on the y-axis so that ABC is right-angled with
the right angle at C. The point P is chosen so that OBPC is a rectangle as shown
in the diagram.

B (0, y) P

O C (t, 0) x

A (0, –k)

(i) Show that P lies on the parabola given parametrically by 2

t2
x=t and y= .
k

(ii) Write down the coordinates of the focus of the parabola in terms of k. 1
© PASCAL PRES S 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

End of Question 12

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — EXAMINATION PAPER

Question 13 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

⎛ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎞
(a) Write sin ⎜ 2 cos −1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ in the form a b , where a and b are rational. 2
⎝ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎠

2x2
(b) (i) Find the horizontal asymptote of the graph y = . 1
x2 + 9

2x2
(ii) Without the use of calculus, sketch the graph y = , showing the 2
x2 + 9
asymptote found in part (i).

(c) A particle is moving in a straight line according to the equation

x = 5 + 6 cos 2t + 8 sin 2t,

where x is the displacement in metres and t is the time in seconds.

(i) Prove that the particle is moving in simple harmonic motion by showing 2
that x satisfies an equation of the form x

= − n 2 ( x − c ) .

(ii) When is the displacement of the particle zero for the first time? 3

© PA SCA L PRESS 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

Question 13 continues on the following page

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Question 13 (continued)

(d) The concentration of a drug in the blood of a patient t hours after it was
administered is given by

C (t ) = 1.4te–0.2t,

where C (t ) is measured in mg/L.

(i) Initially the concentration of the drug in the blood of the patient 3
increases until it reaches a maximum, and then it decreases.
Find the time when this maximum occurs.

(ii) Taking t = 20 as a first approximation, use one application of Newton’s 2

method to find approximately when the concentration of the drug in the
blood of the patient reaches 0.3 mg/L.

End of Question 13
© PASCAL PRES S 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — EXAMINATION PAPER

Question 14 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) The diagram shows a large semicircle with diameter AB and two smaller
semicircles with diameters AC and BC, respectively, where C is a point on the
diameter AB. The point M is the centre of the semicircle with diameter AC.

The line perpendicular to AB through C meets the largest semicircle at the

point D. The points S and T are the intersections of the lines AD and BD with
the smaller semicircles. The point X is the intersection of the lines CD and ST.

S
X
T

A M C B

Copy or trace the diagram into your writing booklet.

(i) Explain why CTDS is a rectangle. 1

(ii) Show that MXS and MXC are congruent. 2

(iii) Show that the line ST is a tangent to the semicircle with diameter AC. 1

Question 14 continues on the following page

© PA SCA L PRESS 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

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Question 14 (continued)

(b) A firework is fired from O, on level ground, with velocity 70 metres per second
at an angle of inclination θ . The equations of motion of the firework are

x = 70t cos θ and y = 70t sin θ – 4.9t 2 . (Do NOT prove this.)

The firework explodes when it reaches its maximum height.

150

q
O x
125 180

(i) Show that the firework explodes at a height of 250 sin2 θ metres. 2

(ii) Show that the firework explodes at a horizontal distance of 1

250 sin 2θ metres from O.

(iii) For best viewing, the firework must explode at a horizontal distance 3
between 125 m and 180 m from O, and at least 150 m above the ground.

For what values of θ will this occur?

Question 14 continues on the following page

© PASCAL PRES S 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

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Question 14 (continued)

(c) A plane P takes off from a point B. It flies due north at a constant angle α to the
horizontal. An observer is located at A, 1 km from B, at a bearing 060° from B.
Let u km be the distance from B to the plane and let r km be the distance from
the observer to the plane. The point G is on the ground directly below the plane.

N
u G

r
a

B 60°
1
A

(i) Show that r = 1 + u 2 − u cos α . 3

(ii) The plane is travelling at a constant speed of 360 km/h. 2

At what rate, in terms of α , is the distance of the plane from the observer
changing 5 minutes after take-off?

End of paper
© PA SCA L PRESS 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

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 2012 Higher School Certificate
Worked Answers

Section I (Total 10 marks)

1. x3 2 27 = (x 2 3)(x2 1 3x 1 9) 4. y
Answer C
3p
[Check by expanding.]
2
2. A(22, 2), B(8, 23), 3 :2
kx2 1 lx1
x=
k1l
3 3 8 1 2 3 22
=
312 –2
=4 2 x

Answer A

3. ax3 1 bx2 1 cx 1 d = 0
[Note: all the choices have a = 1.]
2b 3p
Now a 1 b 1 g 5
a 2
6 a 1 b 1 g = 2b when a = 1
But a 1 b 1 g = 22
y = sin21 u has domain 21 # u # 1
6 2b = 22
Here, 22 # x # 2
b=2
x
c 6 21 # #1
ab 1 ag 1 bg 5 2
a
x
6 ab 1 ag 1 bg = c when a = 1 So the equation is of the form y = a sin21 .
2
But ab 1 ag 1 bg = 3
3p
6c=3 When x = 2, y =
2
2d
abg 5 3p
a = a sin21 1
2
6 abg = 2d when a = 1 p
But abg = 1 =a3
2
© PASCAL PRES S 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

6 2d = 1
6a=3
d = 21 x
The equation is y = 3 sin21 .
So b = 2, c = 3 and d = 21 2
Answer C
6 x3 1 2x2 1 3x 2 1 = 0 has roots a, b
and g.
5. If the C and L are kept together they count
Answer B as a single element. But the C and L can be
arranged in 2 ways.
Total arrangements = 2 3 6!
Answer D

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — WORKED ANSWERS

6. v2 = 16(9 2 x2) 8. P(x) = (x 1 1)(x 2 3)Q(x) 1 2x 1 7

The equation is of the form v2 = n2(A2 2 x2). P(3) = (3 1 1)(3 2 3)Q(3) 1 2(3) 1 7
A2 = 9 = 13
6 A = 3 (A > 0) 6 the remainder is 13.
n2 = 16 Answer D
6 n = 4 (n > 0)
2p 9. y = cos21(3x)
T=
n dy 21
= 33
2p dx "1 2 (3x) 2
=
4
23
p =
= "1 2 9x 2
2
p Answer D
6 A = 3 and T =
2
Answer A 10.
A P
7. cos 2x = cos2 x 2 sin2 x
= 1 2 2 sin2 x
2 sin2 x = 1 2 cos 2x O
1 T q
sin2 x = (1 2 cos 2x)
2
B
1
3sin 3x dx = 3 2 (1 2 cos 6x)dx
2
/TAO = /TBO = 908 (tangents
1 1 perpendicular to the radius)
= ax 2 sin 6xb 1 C /AOB = 1808 2 u (angle sum of
2 6
quadrilateral is 3608)
Answer C 1
/APB = (1808 2 u) (angle at centre is
2
twice angle at circumference standing on
same arc)
u
6 /APB = 908 2
2
Answer B

Section II

QUESTION 11 (b) y = x2 tan x

© PA SCA L PRESS 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

3
1 1 21 x
3 dy
(a) 3 dx = c tan d = x2 3 sec2 x 1 (tan x) 3 2x
0 9 1 x
2
3 3 0 dx
1 1 = x(x sec2 x 1 2 tan x) (2 marks)
= tan21 1 2 tan21 0
3 3
x
1 p 1 (c) <2
= 3 2 30 x23
3 4 3 x
(x 2 3)2 < 2(x 2 3)2
p x23
= (3 marks) x(x 2 3) < 2(x2 2 6x 1 9)
12
x2 2 3x < 2x2 2 12x 1 18
x2 2 9x 1 18 > 0
(x 2 3)(x 2 6) > 0

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — WORKED ANSWERS

Let y = (x 2 3)(x 2 6) 1 n
(ii) a2x 3 2 b
y x
y 5 x2 2 9x 1 18 1 n2k
General term = nCk (2x 3 ) k a2 b
x
= nCk (21)n2k 2k x4k2n
Constant term occurs when 4k 2 n = 0
n = 4k
0 x
3 6
1 n
6 a2x 3 2 b will have a non-zero
x
constant term when n is a multiple of 4.
From the diagram, y > 0 when x < 3 or x > 6. (1 mark)
x
6 < 2 when x < 3 or x > 6
x23
QUESTION 12
(3 marks)
(a) Aim to prove that 23n 2 3n is divisible by 5
(d) Let u = 2 2 x for n $ 1.
du = 2dx When n = 1,
x=22u 23 2 31 = 8 2 3 = 5
When x = 1, u = 1 So it is true for n = 1.
When x = 2, u = 0 Assume true for n = k.
2 0
i.e. assume 23k 2 3k = 5m
3 x(2 2 x) dx = 3 2 (2 2 u)u du
5 5

1 1 If n = k 1 1,
1 23(k + 1) 2 3k + 1 = 23k+3 2 3k+1
= 3 (2u 5 2 u 6 )du = 23k.23 2 3k.31
0
= 8(23k) 2 3(3k)
u6 u7 1 = (5 1 3)(23k) 2 3(3k)
= c 2 d
3 7 0 = 5(23k) 1 3(23k) 2 3(3k)
1 1 = 5(23k) 1 3(23k 2 3k)
= 2 20 = 5(23k) 1 3(5m)
3 7
= 5(23k 1 3m)
4
= (3 marks) So, if true for n = k it is also true for
21
n = k 1 1.
(e) Number of ways = 8C3 3 10C4 It is true for n = 1, so it is true for
= 11 760 (1 mark) n = 1 1 1 = 2, so it is true for n = 2 1 1 = 3
and so on.
1 12
(f) (i) a2x 3 2 b By the process of induction,
x
23n 2 3n is divisible by 5 for
1 122k
© PASCAL PRES S 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

General term = 12Ck (2x 3 ) k a2 b all integers n greater than

x or equal to 1. (3 marks)
= 12Ck 2k x3k(21)122k xk212
= 12Ck (21)k 2k x4k212 (b) f(x) = "4x 2 3
Constant term occurs when 4k 2 12 = 0 (i) 4x 2 3 $ 0
4k = 12 4x $ 3
k=3 3
x$
Constant term = C3 (22)
12 3
4
3
[ = 21760] (2 marks) The domain is all real numbers x $ .
4
(1 mark)

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — WORKED ANSWERS

(ii) y = "4x 2 3 (d) y

Range is y $ 0
Inverse function: x = "4y 2 3 B (0, y) P
x2 = 4y 2 3
4y = x2 1 3
x2 1 3
y=
4
x2 1 3
So f 21(x) = ,x$0 (2 marks)
4

(iii) Graphs intersect when f(x) = x O C (t, 0) x

"4x 2 3 = x
A (0, –k)
4x 2 3 = x2
x 2 4x 1 3 = 0
2

(x 2 1)(x 2 3) = 0 (i) OBPC is a rectangle.

x = 1 or x = 3 So PC is parallel to the y-axis.
So the points of intersection So at P, x = t
are (1, 1) and (3, 3). (1 mark) y 2 y1
m= 2
x2 2 x1
(iv) y 0 2 (2k)
mAC =
y 5 f21(x) y5x t20
k
=
y 5 f(x) t
y20
(3, 3) mBC =
02t
y
=2
t
Now AC is perpendicular to BC.
3
__ (1, 1) k y
So 3 2 = 21
4 t t
ky = t2
3
__ x
t2
4 y=
k
(2 marks)
1 BP is parallel to the x-axis so, at P,
(c) (i) P(draw) = t2
5 y= .
[P(Second player spins the same number k
as the first player did)] 6 P lies on the parabola
given parametrically by
4
P(not a draw) = t2
© PA SCA L PRESS 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

5 x = t and y = . (2 marks)
k
1 4
P(Kim wins) = 3 t2
2 5 (ii) x = t, y =
2 k
= (1 mark) x2
5 y=
k
3 ky = x2
(ii) P(Kim does not win) =
5 So the parabola is of the form x2 = 4ay.
P(Kim wins exactly 3 games out of 6) Now 4a = k
k
2 3 3 3 a=
= 6C3 a b a b 4
5 5 k
864 The focus of the parabola is (0, ).
= (2 marks) 4
3125 (1 mark)

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 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — WORKED ANSWERS

QUESTION 13 2(2x) 2
f(2x) =
2 (2x) 2 1 9
(a) sin a2cos 21 a b b
3 2x 2
=
2 x2 1 9
Let x = cos 21 a b
3 = f(x)
2 6 the function is even
6 cos x =
3 2
f(x) =
4 9
cos x =
2
11
9 x2

sin2 x = 1 2 cos2 x 6 as x S `, f(x) S 22

y
4
=12
9
5 y52
= 2
9
2x2
"5 y 5 ________
sin x = 6 x 19
2
3
0 x
But 0 # cos21 u # p for all u
60#x#p
(2 marks)
6 sin x $ 0
"5 (c) (i) x = 5 1 6 cos 2t 1 8 sin 2t
So sin x = #
3 x = 212 sin 2t 1 16 cos 2t
$
2 x = 224 cos 2t 2 32 sin 2t
sin a2cos 21 a b b = sin 2x = 24(6 cos 2t 1 8 sin 2t)
3
= 2 sin x cos x = 24(x 2 5)
6 the particle is undergoing simple
"5 2 harmonic motion as the acceleration is
=23 3
3 3 directly proportional and of opposite
4"5 sign to the displacement.
= (2 marks) (2 marks)
9
2x 2
(b) (i) y= 2
(ii) If x = 0,
x 19
5 1 6 cos 2t 1 8 sin 2t = 0
y(x2 1 9) = 2x2
6 cos 2t 1 8 sin 2t = 25
x2y 1 9y = 2x2
2x2 2 x2y = 9y
x2(2 2 y) = 9y
9y 10
x2 = 6
22y
© PASCAL PRES S 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

Now 2 2 y Z 0
yZ2 r
The horizontal asymptote is y = 2.
(1 mark) 8
6 8 1
cos 2t 1 sin 2t = 2
(ii) x2 $ 0 for all values of x 10 10 2
1
2x 2 sin a cos 2t 1 cos a sin 2t = 2
6 2 $ 0 for all values of x 2
x 19
1
2x 2 6 sin (a 1 2t) = 2
f(x) = 2
x2 1 9
f(0) = 0

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6 The concentration of the drug in the

where sin a =
10 blood will be approximately 0.3 mg/L
a = 0.643 5011… after 22 hours and 46 minutes.
Now t $ 0, so a 1 2t > 0 (2 marks)

7p 11p
a 1 2t = , ,…
6 6 QUESTION 14
The displacement will first be negative
when (a)
7p D
a 1 2t =
6
7p S
2t = 2 0.643 5011…
6
X
= 3.021 6903…
T
t = 1.510 845….
= 1.5 [1 d.p.]
6 the displacement of the particle will
first be zero after 1.5 seconds. A M C B
(3 marks)
(i) /SDT = 908 (angle in semi-circle,
(d) C(t) = 1.4te 20.2t
diameter AB)
/ASC = 908 (angle in semi-circle,
dC
(i) = 1.4t 3 20.2e20.2t 1 e20.2t 3 1.4 diameter AC)
dt
= 20.28te20.2t 1 1.4e20.2t 6 /DSC = 908 (AD is a straight line)
= e20.2t(1.4 2 0.28t) /CTB = 908 (angle in a semi-circle,
dC diameter CB)
Stationary point occurs when =0 6 /CTD = 908 (DB is a straight line)
dt
i.e. e20.2t(1.4 2 0.28t) = 0 6 /SCT = 908 (angle sum of
e20.2t
=0 or 1.4 2 0.28t = 0 quadrilateral)
No solution 0.28t = 1.4 6 CTDS is a rectangle (quadrilateral
t=5 with all angles right angles)
dC (1 mark)
If t < 5, >0
dt
(ii) In nMXS, nMXC
dC MX = MX (common side)
If t > 5, <0
dt MS = MC ( radii of circle)
6 the maximum occurs when t = 5 XS = XC (diagonals of rectangle
6 the concentration of the drug in the are equal, and bisect
blood is a maximum after 5 hours. each other)
(3 marks) 6 nMXS K nMXC SSS
(2 marks)
© PA SCA L PRESS 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

(ii) C(t) = 0.3

6 1.4te20.2t 2 0.3 = 0 (iii) /MCX = 908 (given)
Let f(t) = 1.4te20.2t 2 0.3 /MSX = /MCX (corresponding
angles of congruent triangles)
fr (t) = e20.2t(1.4 2 0.28t)
6 /MSX = 908
f(t1 ) 6 ST is a tangent to the circle (meets
t2 = t1 2 where t1 = 20
fr (t1 ) radius on the circumference at right
1.4 3 20e 20.2320 2 0.3 angles)
t2 = 20 2 (1 mark)
e 20.2320 (1.4 2 0.28 3 20)

= 22.766 798…

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Excel S U C C E S S O N E H S C • M A T H E M A T I C S E X T E N S I O N 1
 2012 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE — WORKED ANSWERS

(b) (i) y = 70t sin u 2 4.9t2 (c) P

dy
= 70 sin u 2 9.8t N
dt
dy u
G
Stationary point occurs when =0
dt
r
i.e. 9.8t = 70 sin u a
50
t= sin u B 60°
7
1
d 2y
= 29.8 (< 0) (i) In nPBG,
A
dt 2
PG
6 the maximum height is reached when sin a =
u
50 6 PG = u sin a
t= sin u
7 BG
50 cos a =
When t = sin u, u
7
50 50 6 BG = u cos a
y = 70 3 sin u 3 sin u 2 4.9 3 ( sin u)2 In nABG, by the cosine rule,
7 7
AG2 = (u cos a)2 1 12
= 500 sin2 u 2 250 sin2 u
2 2 3 u cos a 3 1 3 cos 608
= 250 sin2 u
= u2 cos2 a 1 1 2 u cos a
6 the firework explodes at a
In nPGA, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
height of 250 sin2 u metres. (2 marks)
PA2 = PG2 1 AG2
(ii) x = 70t cosu r2 = u2 sin2 a 1 u2 cos2 a 1 1 2 u cos a
50 = u2(sin2 a 1 cos2 a) 1 1 2 u cos a
When t = sin u, = u2 1 1 2 u cos a
7
= 1 1 u2 2 u cos a
50
x = 70 3 sin u 3 cos u 6 r = "1 1 u2 2 u cos a (r > 0)
7
(3 marks)
= 500 sin u cos u
= 250 3 2 sin u cos u (ii) r = "1 1 u2 2 u cos a
1
= 250 sin 2u = (1 1 u2 2 u cos a) 2
6 the firework explodes at a horizontal dr 1 2
1
= (1 1 u2 2 u cos a) 2 (2u 2 cos a)
distance of 250 sin 2u metres from O. du 2
(1 mark) 2u 2 cos a
=
2"1 1 u2 2 u cos a
(iii) 08 < u < 908
Height $ 150 m Now 360 km/h = 6 km/min
250 sin2 u $ 150 du
sin2 u $ 0.6 So =6
dt
sin u $ 0.774 5966… (sin u > 0) dr dr du
u $ 50.768 479…8 = ?
dt du dt
© PASCAL PRES S 2014 ISBN 978 1 74125 472 3

08 < 2u < 1808 2u 2 cos a

125 m < horizontal distance < 180 m = 36
2"1 1 u2 2 u cos a
So 250 sin 2u > 125
3(2u 2 cos a)
sin 2u > 0.5 =
308 < 2u < 1508 "1 1 u2 2 u cos a
158 < u < 758 5 minutes after take off u = 5 3 6
And 250 sin 2u < 180 = 30
sin 2u < 0.72 dr 3(2 3 30 2 cos a)
6 =
2u < 46.054…8 or 2u > 133.945…8 dt "1 1 302 2 30 cos a
u < 23.027…8 or u > 66.972…8 3(60 2 cos a)
6 the firework will be at the best = km/min
"901 2 30 cos a
position for viewing when 678 # u < 758. 60 2 cos a
(3 marks) [or km/s] (2 marks)
20"901 2 30 cos a

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14/01/14 4:08 PM