CBSE

Class 11 Chemistry
Important Questions
Chapter 12
Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques

1 Marks Questions

1.How many σ and π bonds are present in each of the following molecules?

(a) HC≡CC≡CCH3 (b) CH2=C=CHCH3.

Ans.(a) σ C = C : 4 (b) σ C = C : 3

σ C – H : 6 σ C – H : 6

π C = C : 3 π C = C : 2

2.Why are electrons easily available to the attacking reagents in π – bonds?

Ans.The electron charge cloud of the π – bond is located above and below the plane of
bonding atoms. This results in the electrons being easily available to the attacking reagents.

3.Write the bond line formula for

Ans.

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4.How are organic compounds classified?

Ans.(i) Acyclic or open chain compounds

(ii) Alicyclic or closed chain or ring compounds.

(iii) Aromatic compounds.

5.Define homologous series?

Ans.A group or a series of organic compounds each containing a characteristic functional

6.Write an example of non – benzenoid compound.

Ans.

7.What is the cause of geometrical isomerism in alkenes?

Ans. Alkene have a π – bond and the restricted rotation around the π – bond gives rise to
geometrical isomerism.

8.Name the chain isomers of C5H12 which has a tertiary hydrogen atom.

Ans. 2 – Methyl butane (CH3)2 CH – CH2 – CH3

9.Define heterolytic cleavage.

Ans. In heterolytic cleavage the bond breaks in such a fashion that the shared pair of
electrons remains with one of the fragments.

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10.Define carbocation.

Ans.A species having a carbon atom possessing sextet of electrons and a positive charge is
called carbocation.

11.What are the nucleophiles?

Ans. The electron rich species are called mucleopiles. A nucleophile has affection for a
positively charge centre.

eg OH-, I-, CN-, : NH3, NO2-.

12.How can the mixture of kerosene oil and water be separated?

Ans.The mixture of kerosene oil and water can be separated by using a separating funnel.

13.Lasaigne’s test is not shown by diazonium salts. Why?

Ans.Diazonium salts usually leave N2 on heating much before they have a chance to react

with the fused sodium metal. Therefore, diazonium salts do not show positive lassaigne’s test
for nitrogen.

14.In which C – C bond of CH3CH2CH2Br, the inductive effect is expected to be the least?

Ans .Magnitude of inductive effect diminishes as the number of intervening bonds increases.
Hence the effect is least in C3 – H bond.

15.Can you use potassium in place of sodium for fusing an organic compound in
Lassaigne’s test?

Ans . No, because potassium is more reactive than sodium.

16.Give the reason for the fusion of an organic compound with sodium metal for testing
nitrogen, sulphur and halogens.

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Ans. The element present in the compound are converted from covalent form into ionic form
by fusing the compound with sodium metal.

17.Write the chemical composition of the compound formed when ferric chloride is
added containing both N and S.

Ans

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 CBSE Class 12 Chemistry
Important Questions
Chapter 12
Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques

2 Marks Questions

1.Write the expanded form of the following condensed formulas into their complete
structural formulas.

(a) CH3CH2COCH2CH3.

(b) CH3CH=CH(CH2)3CH3.

Ans.

2.How does hybridization affect the electronegativity ?

Ans. The greater the s – character of the hybrid orbital’s, the grater is the electro negativity.

3.Why is sp hybrid orbital more electronegative than sp2 or sp3 hybridized orbitals?

Ans. The greater the s – character of the hybrid orbital’s, the greater is the electro negativity.
Thus, a carbon atom having an sp hybrid orbital with 50% s – character is more electro

negative than that possessing sp2 or sp3 hybridized orbital’s.

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eg: hydroxyl group (- OH)

aldehyde group (- CHO)

carboxylic acid group (-COOH) etc.

4.Give two examples of aliphatic compounds.

Ans.

5.Write an example of alicyclic compound.

Ans.

6.For each of the following compounds write a condensed formula and also their
bondline formula.

(a) HOCH2 CH2 CH2CH (CH3) CH (CH3) CH3

(b)

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AnsCondensed formula

(a) HO (CH2)5CH CH3 CH (CH3)2

(b) HOCH (CN)2.

Bond line formula.

7.Write the structural formula of

(a) p – Nitro aniline (b) 2,3 – Dibromo-1-phenylpentane.

Ans.

8.Derive the structure of 3 – Nitrocyclohexene.

Ans.Six membered ring containing a carbon – carbon double bond is implied by

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preference over – NO2 group:

9.Give the IUPAC of the following –

Ans.(a) 2,5 – dimethyl heptanes (b) 2,2 – dichloro ethanol.

10.Draw the two geometrical isomers of, but – 2 – en – 1, 4 dioic acid. Which of the will
have higher dipole movement?

Ans.

11.How many structural isomers and geometrical isomers are possible for a
cyclohexane derivative having the molecular formula C9H16?

Ans.Five structural isomers

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12.Alkynes does not exhibit geometrical isomers. Give reason.

Ans.Because of linear geometry.

13.Which of the following shows geometrical isomerism?

(a) CH Cl = CH Cl (b) CH2 = C Cl2 (c) C Cl2 = CH Cl.

Ans.Only compound (a) will show geometrical isomers.

(a) CH Cl = CH Cl

14.What is a functional group?

Ans. It may be defined as an atom or group of atoms joined in a specific manner which is

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responsible for the characteristic chemical properties of the organic compounds.

15.How many isomers are possible for monosubstituted and disubstituted benzene?

Ans.There is one, monosubstituted benzene as

There are three disubstituted benzenes.

16.Identify electrophilic centre in the following:

Ans. The shared carbon atoms are electrophilic centres as they will have partial positive
charge due to polarity of the bond. CH3 HC = O, H3 CC = N, H3 C – I.

17.For the following bond cleavages, use curved arouse to the electron flow and classify
each as photolysis or heterolysis. Identify the reaction intermediates products as free
radical carbocation or carban ion.

(a) CH3 O – O CH3 →CH3

(b)

Ans.

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18.Write resonance structures of CH2 = CH – CHO. Indicate relative stability of the

contributing structure.

Ans.

Stability I>II>III.

19.Write the resonance structures of

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(a) CH3 NO2 (b) CH3 COO-

Ans.

20.Explain why is (CH3)3 C+ more stable than CH3CH2+ and CH3+ is the least stable

cation.

Ans.Hyper conjugation interaction in (CH3)3C+ is greater than in CH3CH2+ as (CH3)3C+ has

nine C-H bonds. In CH3+, The C-H bond the nodal plane of the vacant 2p orbital and hence

can not overlap with it. Thus, CH3+ locus hyper conjugate stability.

21.Show how hyper conjugation occurs in propene molecule.

Ans.

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22.Draw the orbital diagram showing hyperconjugation in ethyl cations

Ans.

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23.Name the common techniques used for purification of organic compounds.

Ans.(i) Sublimation (ii) Crystallization (iii) Distillation (iv) Differential extraction and (v)
Chromatography.

24.Will C Cl4 give white precipitate of Ag Cl on heating it with Ag NO3?

Ans. CCl4 does not give white precipitate with silver nitrate solution.

CCl4 + Ag NO3 →No reaction.

Carbon tetrachloride contains chlorine but it is bonded to carbon by a covalent bond.

25.Without using column chromatography, how will you separate a mixture of camphor
and benzoic acid?

Ans. Sublimation can not be used since both camphor and benzoic acid sublime on heating.
Therefore a chemical method using NaHCO3 solution is used when benzoic acid dissolves

leaving camphor behind. The filtrate is cooled and then acidified with dil HCl, to get benzoic
acid.

26.A liquid (1.0g) has three components. Which technique will you employ to separate
them?

Ans.Column chromatography.

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27.Name two methods which can be safely used to purify aniline.

Ans.(i) vacuum distillation method

(ii) steam distillation method.

28.What is the basic principle of chromatography?

Ans.The method of chromatography is based on the difference in the rates at which the
components of a mixture are adsorbed on a suitable adsorbent.

29.How will you separate a mixture of two organic compounds which have different
solubility’s in the same solvent?

Ans. By fractional crystallization.

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 CBSE Class 12 Chemistry
Important Questions
Chapter 12
Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques

3 Marks Questions

1.What is the shape of the following molecules:

(a) H2 C=O (b) CH3F (c) HC≡N.

Ans.(a) sp2 hybridized carbon, trigocal planar

(b) sp3 hybridized carbon, tetrahedral

(c) sp hybridized carbon, linear.

2.Giving justification, categories the following molecules or ions as nucleophle or

electrophile: HS-, BF3, C2H5O-, (CH3)3N:, Cl-, CH3C+ = O,

Ans.Nucleophiles : HS-, C2H5O-, (CH3)3 N:, H2N-: (have unshared pair of electrons which can

be donated and shared with an electrophile)

Electrophile : BF3, Cl+, CH3C+ = O+ NO2[have only six electrons which can be accept electron

from a nucleophile].

3. Using curved – arrow notation, show the formation of reactive intermediates when
the following covalent bond undergo heterolysis cleavage.

(a) CH3 – SCH3, (b) CH3 – CN, (c) CH3 – Cu.

Ans.

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4.Benzyl carbonation is more stable than ethyl carbonation. Justify.

Ans. In ethyl carbocation, there is only hyper conjugation of the three α – hydrogen atoms
and as a result, the following contributing structures are feasible.

But benzyl carbocation is more stable due to the presence of resonance and the following

resonating structures are possible

5.Which of the following pairs of structures do not constitute resonance structures?

(a)

(b)

(c) CH3CH=CHCH3 and CH3CH2CH = CH2.

Ans.

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(a) H3C-O-N=O

(b) (CH3)2 CO

(c) CH3CH2CH=CH2.

6.Write resonance structures of

(a)CH3COO- (b) C6H5NH2.

Ans.

7.Draw the resonance structures for the following compounds

(a) C6H5OH (b) C6H5 -

Ans.

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8. 0.395 g of an organic compound by Carius method for the estimation of sulphur gave
0.582 g of BaSO4. Calculate the percentage of sculpture in the compound.

Ans. Mass of BaSO4 = 0.582g

BaSO4 = S

233 32

233g of BaSO4 contain sulphur = 32g

0.582g of BaSO4 contains sulphur

Percentage of sulphur =

20.24%

9. 0.40g of an organic compound gave 0.3g of Ag Br by Carious method. Find the

Ans.

Mass of the compound = 0.40g

Now 188g of Ag Br will contain Br = 80g

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Therefore, 0.3g of Ag Br will contain Br =

The percentage of Br in the organic compound

10. 0.12g of organic compound containing phosphorus gave 0.22g of Mg2P2O7 by the

usual analysis. Calculate the percentage of phosphorus in the compound.

Ans. Here the mass of the compound taken = 0.12g

Mass of Mg2P2O7 formed = 0.22g of atoms of P

Now 1 mole of Mg2P2O7 = (2x24+2x31+1687)

= 222g of Mg2P2O7

= 62%

i.e; 222g of Mg2P2O7 contain phosphorus = 62g.

∴ 0.22g of Mg2P2O7 will contain phosphorus.

But this is the amount of phosphorus present in 0.12g of organic compound

Hence, percentage of phosphorus

11. Ammonia produced when 0.75g of a substance was kjeldahlized, neutralized 30cm3

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of 0.25 N H2SO4. Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in the compound.

Ans.Mass of organic compound = 0.75g

Volume of H2SO4 used us = 30cm3

Normality of H2SO4 = 0.25N

30cm3 of H2SO4 of normality 0.25N ≡ 30ml of NH3 solution of normality 0.25N

But 1000cm2 of NH3 of normality 1 contains 14g of nitrogen

∴ 30cm3 of 0.25N NH3 contains nitrogen

% of nitrogen =

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