Tutorial Simulator
Tutorial Simulator
In this section, you will learn how you may enter dynamic data like exciters
governors, regulators and control circuits (CCT). In NEPLAN you may enter
regulators and control circuit in many different ways. Below we show you how to
define and enter regulators like exciters and governors in different ways and what
are the advantages and disadvantages thereof:
Please note:
The preferred and easiest way to enter a regulator (like exciter, turbine and
governor) is using a predefined NEPLAN standard regulator (see below)!
You have to insert regulator (e.g. exciter) and the controlled element (e.g.
generator) into the network (single line diagram). Then you have to assign the
regulator to the element. Below is a detailed description of how to add an exciter
to a generator.
1. Add an exciter graphically. You have to enter the standard regulator just
like any other element in the network. You find the regulator symbol in the
“Symbol Window -> Regulators/Others”.
2. Add a generator to the network.
3. You may assign an exciter to a generator in the dialog below with the
button “…”.
4. If the exciter is not yet in the network you may add and edit the exciter
directly in the synchronous machine dialog. The exciter will then not appear
on the single line diagram. You may also add the exciter first graphically
(see above).
Fig. 0.1 Generator dialog: assign a predefined standard exciter to the generator
Once again: if a predefined type is available you should use this standard type.
These predefined NEPLAN regulator types are optimized for the NEPLAN
simulator.
Please note that inside the synchronous machine dialog, you can define the MW
base to be used inside the connected turbine for unit conversion. The three
options are machine rated apparent power (Sr), machine rated active power (Pr)
and specified MWBASE (given as a turbine parameter)
NEPLAN allows entering a user defined CCT in a very comfortable way with the
help of a function block editor. Normally you will design this CCT in a separate
NEPLAN diagram. A nested CCT element may be entered first. Then you may
with the right mouse button directly open the diagram through the popup menu
(popup menu item “Subsystem”).
Fig. 0.3 Insert CCT symbol and create diagram for CCT
Fig. 0.4 Create a CCT with the NEPLAN function block editor
Fig. 0.5 Accessing the CCT diagram directly with the popup-menu (right click ->
Subsystem)
NEPLAN offers a pre-built control circuit library which has been built up with
function blocks (note: the library is not available in the demo version).
You may make use of this library instead of building up the block diagram from
scratch (see above how to create a new CCT and an empty diagram).
This is not the preferred option to enter standard regulators like IEEE exciters.
The CCT library may help if you have to enter a new CCT which is not in the
standard library and therefore you have to define your own regulator. If you have
to use the structure of this user defined CCT many times in your networks (e.g.
an exciter structure which is used for many generators) you should build up this
regulator model with our NEPLAN component modeling tool in MATLAB and
generate a user defined DLL model. It is easier to add the regulators in NEPLAN
and the overall performance in NEPLAN is better.
Generating a CCT with function blocks is the preferred option, if that CCT is used
only a few times (about 1-5 times) within the network.
Fig. 0.7 Insert regulator symbol and insert user defined created C++ model (DLL File)
1. Insert a “CCT and Signal Block” from the menu item “Insert”.
2. In the “Port Selection” tab you may know define the input and output
signals (variables). You need to select a variable with the “Port Selection”
button.
3. In the “Port/Signal Selection” list you should define which ports/signals are
input or output pins. You may also define a pin name, which will be
displayed on the single line diagram. Very important is to know if the signal
will be used in SI units or in per unit. If the signal will be used in per unit, is
very important to know in which per unit system the signal will be used.
Normally P, Q and I are used in the “system” per unit system (with 100
MVA as base system). When defining regulators for elements (e.g.
exciters) then the corresponding element per unit system (with rated power
of the element as base) will be used within the regulator. If you define a
master controller with P, Q, I as input, then the “system” per unit system
should be used. Therefore NEPLAN provides the possibility to convert the
signal to the corresponding per unit system.
4. After you have defined the input/outputs of the element you may connect
the “Signal Block” elements with links, like any other element. In the
example below there is a “Signal Block” for the DFIG which connects its
output variables (P and Q) to the input of the PWM controller. The voltage
of the DC node is input to the second PWM controller.
Fig. 0.9 Defining ports/signals of the “CCT and Signal Block” element
1. Insert a “CCT and Signal Block” from the menu item “Insert”.
2. In the “Model Definition” you may add a predefined regulator or turbine.
After the selection of the regulator you must close the dialog.
3. Now re-open the dialog again. Then a new tab should be available for
defining the regulator or turbine data.
4. Now you may also define the signals (input/output ports) which will be
connected to other regulators/elements.
Fig. 0.10 Defining a standard regulator in the “CCT and Signal Block” element
Fig. 0.11 “CCT and Signal Block” dialog with added standard regulator
Entering a user defined CCT with function blocks in a “CCT and Signal
Block” element
If you need a CCT which was build up with function blocks more than once (same
CCT structure only with different parameters), then you would need to make
another diagram with the same CCT and change the parameters of the function
blocks accordingly. To avoid making several diagrams with same CCT (with only
different function block parameters) you may make use of the “CCT and Signal
Block” element. The “CCT and Signal Block” element allows you using the same
CCT with block diagrams several times and the CCT diagram has to be building
up only once.
1. Insert a “CCT” element and create a new diagram. In this diagram you may
now design your CCT with function blocks (see above “Entering a CCT with
Function Blocks”.
2. If you need to have the same CCT again for another element, then insert a
“CCT and Signal Block” from the “Insert” menu (see above).
3. In the “Model Definition” you may select this CCT. After the selection of the
regulator you must close the dialog.
4. Now re-open the dialog again. Then a new tab “CCT Block-Model” should
be available for defining the parameters of the function blocks of the CCT.
5. With double click you may change the parameters of the function blocks.
6. Do not forget to assign the new input/outputs of the input, output and
network source function blocks.
Fig. 0.14 Defining the function block parameters in a “CCT and Signal Block” element
Before starting the NEPLAN Dynamic Simulator, the user has to define some
calculation parameters:
- calculation parameters for the mathematical calculation engine. At least
you should define the end time of the simulation. Normally you should not
change the other parameters. Use the assigned default values;
- disturbances have to be defined. You normally need to define one or
several disturbances (e.g. short circuit) and the times when the
disturbances happen;
- signal (variables, e.g. P,Q, U, f, etc, ) which you want to display at run time
and the signals which should be stored for reporting purposes in the
NEPLAN chart manager should be defined.
The most important parameters for the calculation engine are the type of
simulation that should be executed and the simulation end time.
Output control – Show run time plot: display during the simulation the
variables selected in the screenplot page.
Output control – Display warnings: write warning messages during the
models check.
Output control – Sample output: sample the output signals using a defined
sample time.
Event handling – Stop and reinitialize at every event: stop the solver and
reinitialize it at each event happened (in most of the cases, the simulation
will not succeeded if this option is not checked).
Event handling – Use HMIN after every event: use minimum step size after
each event happened (the simulation can succeeded even if this option is
not checked).
Initialization – Write initialization file: write a text file in NEPLAN Temp
directory, with the initial values of all the models present in the system.
Initialization – Single initialization: initialize individually all the elements
present in the system (use this option if the global initialization of the
system failed).
Additional options – Set blocks initial values: display the calculated initial
values for all the function blocks directly on diagram.
Additional options – Show trip messages: display the messages sent from
the relays during the calculation.
Copy data from TS module: copy all the disturbances and all the selected
screenplots from the old Transient Stability module.
Definition of disturbances
Using the button “Import…” the user can add disturbances from a predefined file.
The file format is *.nepdist.
Definition of screenplots
The window diplays the most used variables of the selected dynamic model type.
To display all the variables, activate the option “Show all the variables”.
The runtime plot displays the selected variables together with the name ot the
corresponding element. To display alias name instead of the name, activate the
option “Use alias names”.
Using the button “Import…” the user can add screenplots from a predefined file.
The file format is *.nepplts.
Fig. 0.20 Screen plots: runtime plot wind turbines (blade angles and power in pu)
Every time a simulation is started, the Dynamic Simulator initializes the system
model calculating all the initial values. If this procedure fails, the user receives
some error messages which can help in finding the reason of the problem.
However, if the user wants just to calculate the initial values without running a
simulation, it is possible to use the option “Calculate initialization” (fig. 16.21).
When the option is selected, the system is initialized and an output text file with
all the initial values is written in the NEPLAN Temp directory. Moreover, if blocks
are present, the calculated initial values are automatically displayed in the
corresponding diagram. To show/hide the blocks initial values, use the option
“Show blocks initial values” (fig 16.21), which is complementary to the option
“Show block pin numbers” in the View menu.
The user has the possibility to compact all the passive elements (lines,
transformers, etc…) and consider them as a passive network: this will produce a
reduction in the number of equations of the overall system model.
The user should use this option when the simulation runs too slowly due to the
dimension of the system: in fact the reduction of the number of equations starts to
become relevant as the size of the system increases.
Using this option the regulators included in a NEPLAN project can be updated to
the latest Regulator Library: old parameters will be removed, new parameters will
be added with default values, all the other corresponding parameters will keep the
values set by the user.
Since the NEPLAN dynamic simulator is a very strong tool, allowing entering data
in many different ways, we have included many examples specifically for the
dynamic simulator module. Among many others we have included these IEEE
benchmark systems:
- IEEE 9-Bus,
- IEEE 14-Bus
- IEEE 39-Bus
- IEEE 68-Bus
Some examples are benchmark examples, where the input data and the
results are available from universities on the web. The results of the NEPLAN
simulator may be compared and validated with the corresponding benchmark
data.