Stoichiometry

Calculations from Chemical

Equations
Mole-Mole Calculations
Mole-Mass Calculations
Mass-Mass Calculations

1
What is stoichiometry?

Stoichiometry is the
quantitative study of reactants
and products in a chemical
reaction.
What is stoichiometry?
 What You Should Expect
Given : Amount of reactants
Question: how much of products can be
formed.
Example
2 A + 2B → 3C
Given 20.0 grams of A and sufficient B, how
many grams of C can be produced?
 What do you need?

You will need to use

i. molar ratios,
ii. molar masses,
iii. balancing and interpreting equations, and
iv. conversions between grams and moles.

Note: This type of problem is often called "mass-mass."

 Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry: calculations based on a balanced
chemical equation
Mole ratio: ratio of coefficients of any two
substances in a balanced chemical equation

A mole ratio converts moles

of one compound in a balanced
chemical equation into moles of
another compound.
6
 Example

Reaction between magnesium and oxygen to

form magnesium oxide. ( fireworks)

2 Mg(s) + O2(g) 2 MgO(s)

Mole Ratios:

2 : 1 : 2
 The Goal
The goal of stoichiometry is to
perform conversions (changing
between units) by cancelling out
units until you end up with the
units you want (the answer).
 Welcome to Mole Island
1 mol = molar mass

1 mole = 22.4 L
@ STP 1 mol =
6.02 x 1023 particles
Consider the reaction below:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

At the molecular level, this equation shows

the reaction between individual molecules. It
can be interpreted as:
1 molecule N2 + 3 molecules H2 → 2 molecules
NH3.
 At the mole level, the equation means
that:
1 mol N2 + 3 mol H2 → 2 mol NH3.
The coefficients in a balanced equation
refers to the number of molecules and number
of moles of each reactant as well as products
produced.
 Stoichiometry Island Diagram
Known Unknown
Substance A Substance B
M
Mass Mountain Mass
Mass

Mole Island

Liter Lagoon
V Volume Mole Mole Volume

Particles
Particles

P
Particle Place

Stoichiometry Island Diagram

 Stoichiometry Island Diagram
Known Unknown

Substance A Substance B
Mass
Mass

Use coefficients
from balanced
1 mole = 22.4 L @ STP chemical equation
1 mole = 22.4 L @ STP
Volume Mole Mole Volume
(gases) (gases)

Particles
Particles

Stoichiometry Island Diagram

 The mole ratios provided by a balanced
chemical equation are very important in
calculating amounts of reactants and
products.
For example, to calculate the mass of a
product that can be obtained from the mass
of a reactant, the sequence of steps to be
used is:
mass reactant → moles reactant →
moles product → mass product
 Mole-Mole Calculations
How many moles of water can be obtained from
the reaction of 4 moles of O2?
2 H2 (g) + 1 O2 (g) → 2 H2O (g)

4 mol O2 2 mol H2O

x = 8 mol H2O
1 1 mol O2

Mole Ratio
15
 How many moles of NH3 can be obtained from
the reaction of 8 moles of H2?
__ 1 N2 (g) → __
3 H2 (g) + __ 2 NH3 (g)

8 mol H2 2 mol NH3

x = 5.33 mol NH3
1 3 mol H2

Mole Ratio
16
 Mole-Mass Calculations
2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) → 2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)
What mass of hydrogen gas can be produced by
reacting 6 moles of aluminum with HCl?

6 mol Al 3 mol H2 2.0 g H2

x x = 18 g H2
1 2 mol Al 1 mol H2

Mole Ratio Molar Mass

17
2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) → 2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)
What mass of HCl is needed to react with 6
moles of aluminum?

6 mol Al 6 mol HCl 36.0 g HCl

x x = 648 g HCl
1 2 mol Al 1 mol HCl

Mole Ratio Molar Mass

18
 Mass-Mass Calculations
Sn(s) + 2 HF (g) → SnF2 (s) + H2 (g)
How many grams of SnF2 can be produced from
the reaction of 30.00 g of HF with Sn?

30.00 g HF 1 mole HF 1 molSnF2 156.71 g SnF2

x x
x
1 20.01 g HF 2 mol HF 1 mol SnF2

= 117.5 g
Molar Mass
SnF2 Molar Mass
Mole Ratio
19
 Steps Involved in Solving Mass-Mass
Stoichiometry Problems
Balance the chemical equation correctly
Using the molar mass of the given substance,
convert the mass given to moles.
Construct a molar proportion (two molar
ratios set equal to each other)
Using the molar mass of the unknown
substance, convert the moles just calculated
to mass.
 Problems
1. Consider the reaction:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2 NH3(g)
If 2.80 g nitrogen reacts completely with
hydrogen, how many grams of ammonia, NH3
would be produced?

21
Ans. 3.40 g NH3

22
 2. How many grams of oxygen are needed to
oxidize 36.0 g glucose in the reaction given
below?
C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) → 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)

23
Ans. 38.4 g

24
3. How many moles KClO3 are needed to
produce 4.00g O2? Use the reaction
2 KClO3(aq) → 2 KCl(aq) + 3 O2(g)

25
0.0833 mol

26
 Quiz 5
Nipa vinegar or sukang puti is produced by the
fermentation of nipa sap by yeasts and acetic acid
bacteria. Based on the overall reaction given
below, complete the following table, assuming
complete reaction takes place.
C6H12O6 + 2 O2 → 2 C2H4O2 + 2 CO2 + 2 H2O
C6H12O6 C2H4O2 CO2 H2O
3.60 g (a) ___ mol (b) ___ g (c) ___ mol
0.125 mol (d) ___ g (e) ___ mol (f) ___ molecules
5.25 x 1023 molecules (g) ______ g (h) ______ molecules (i) ______ g

27
 Quiz 5 Answers
Nipa vinegar or sukang puti is produced by the
fermentation of nipa sap by yeasts and acetic acid
bacteria. Based on the overall reaction given
below, complete the following table, assuming
complete reaction takes place.
C6H12O6 + 2 O2 → 2 C2H4O2 + 2 CO2 + 2 H2O
C6H12O6 C2H4O2 CO2 H2O
3.60 g (a) 0.04 mol (b) 1.76 g (c) 0.04 mol
0.125 mol (d) 15 g (e) 0.25 mol (f) 1.5 x 1023
molecules
5.25 x 1023 molecules (g) ______ g (h) ______ molecules (i) ______ g

28