Lecture 1-EIA PROCEDURES
Lecture 1-EIA PROCEDURES
ASSESSMENT
EIA IN MALAYSIA
• EIA procedure in Malaysia has been in place
since 1988
• Developed primarily as an aid to the
environmental planning of:
– new development projects or
– the expansion of existing development projects
LEGAL REQUIREMENT IN MALAYSIA
• EIA is required under Section 34A, Environmental
Quality Act, 1974
• Sect 34A, EQA 1974 empowers the Minister of
Natural Resources and the Environment to
prescribe any activity which may have significant
environmental impacts as a Prescribed Activity
• The section further requires the Project Initiator
of the Prescribed Activity to submit a report of
the EIA to the Director General of Environmental
Quality for approval
DEFINITION OF EIA
• EIA is a study to identify, predict, evaluate and
communicate information about the impacts
on the environment of a proposed project and
to detail out the mitigating measures prior to
project approval and implementation
TYPE OF EIA
There are 2 EIA procedures used by the DOE,
namely Preliminary EIA and the Detailed EIA
Schedule 1: Preliminary EIA
Applicable to all Prescribed Activities except
those that are subject to Detailed EIA
• Schedule 2: Detailed EIA
– Iron & Steel industry
– Pulp and paper mills
– Cement plant
– Construction of coal fired power plant
– Construction of dams for water supply & hydroelectric
– Land reclamation
– Incineration plant (scheduled wastes & solid wastes)
– Construction of municipal solid waste landfill facility
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– Project involving land clearing where 50% of the area
or more having slopes exceeding 25 degree (except
quarry)
– Logging covering an area exceeding 500 hectares or
more
– Development of tourist or recreational facilities on
islands surrounding waters which are gazetted as
national marine parks
– Construction of recovery plant (off‐site) for lead acid
battery waste
– Scheduled wastes recovery or treatment facility
generating significant amount of wastewater located
upstream of public water supply intake
– Non‐ferrous – Primary smelting
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WHAT TO CONSIDER PRIOR TO EIA
STUDY
• Ensure the project concept does not
contradict any development plans, policies or
and decisions of the Government of Malaysia
– Local Plan
– National Physical Plans
– Regional Plan (inter‐state planning)
– etc
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• Site Selection
– Include engineering, environmental and economic
aspects
– Buffer Zone. DOE “Guideline for the Siting and
Zoning of Industries”
– Need to get the approval of PAT (Penilaian Awal
Tapak) from DOE
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Key Tasks In EIA
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1. SCREENING
• Prescribed activity? If yes, requires EIA
• PEIA or DEIA?
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2. SCOPING
• Scoping identifies significant issues to be
studied during the EIA and eliminates those
that of little concern
• Result of scoping – Terms of References (TOR)
• Time and money are not wasted on
unnecessary investigation
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Case Study 1
An incinerator is going to be built within 1.0 km
from USM Engineering Campus. The proposed
site is about 100 m from Ampang Jajar. The
maximum duration of the wastes to be stored is
proposed to be 3 days.
Propose the possible Scoping of the project
3. FORMATION OF EIA TEAM
• During scoping exercise, the EIA Team Leader
to determine the expertise required and
source them
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4. STATEMENT OF NEED
• Must highlight how the proposed projects
meets the needs of the society, region or the
nations
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5. EVALUATING PROJECT OPTIONS
• Principle features of each option should be
described and the economic, technical and
environmental advantages and disadvantages
– No project option
• Highlight any social, economic or environmental benefits
that may arise from the project and which would be denied
to the society if the project is not carried out
– Site option
• Important for projects such as sewage treatment plants,
hazardous waste treatment or recovery facilities, incinerator
and landfill
– Technological option
• Factors to be considered: costs, environment and the ease
and cost maintenance
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– Construction method option
• Roads, port, airports and dams, housing or resort
projects in sensitive areas where construction process
could lead to significant impacts
– Layout option
• Important for land development projects such as
housing, commercial and/or industrial parks
– Energy source or fuel option
• Important for projects where energy consumption is
high. (Refineries, smelters, power plants and chemical
production
– etc
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6. BASELINE SURVEYS AND DATA
GATHERING
• Good baseline data helps:
– Provides a common platform for all stakeholders
when reviewing the EIA report
– Ensure accurate prediction of environmental
impacts
– Lab analysis must be included in the EIA report
Example:
If the main impact from a project is likely to be air
pollution, then the air quality measurements
should be given due attention
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• Primary data collection for the
following aspects:‐
– Physical Environment (i.e. to carry out site visits,
samplings and laboratory analyses on samples)
– Water quality (surface and groundwater)
– Air and odour quality
– Noise level
– Vibration level
– Human Environment (i.e. to conduct on‐site sighting
study)
– Flora and fauna
– Land use
– Socio‐economy
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7. IDENTIFYING SENSITIVE RECEPTORS
• Important to identify the sensitive receptors
• For example, if the main impact is likely to be
air pollution, the sensitive receptors
downwind of the project site need to be
identified. If effluent discharge, the receptors
downstream of the site need to be identified
• Normally within 5 km from the site
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8. IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY
SENSITIVE AREAS
– Forest, wetland, wildlife reserves, water
catchment areas, highland and areas of
steep slopes, historical or archaeological
sites, etc
– EIA report should clearly identify and map
all environmentally sensitive areas within a
5 km radius from the project site
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9. IMPACT IDENTIFICATION &
ANALYSIS
• Identify the key activities first in each Scope
(Task 2)
• List of all key activities that may have impacts
on the environment
• For example: if air pollution is a key issue, it is
necessary to carry out air pollution dispersion
modelling
• For landfill‐ what are the significant issues?
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ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts
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for EIA. Visit www.encapafrica.org
ENCAP EA-ESD Course: Basic Concepts
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for EIA. Visit www.encapafrica.org
10. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
• To inform the stakeholders on the proposed
projects…the need & what implications if not
proceed
– Government agencies
– NGOs
– Residents
– Local businesses
– Community leaders/ local politicians
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11. MITIGATIONS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
• Mitigations to reduce or eliminate the impacts
• Include frameworks such as Environmental
Management Plan (EMP), Erosion Sediment
and Control Plan (ESCP), and Emergency
Response Plan (ERP)
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12. ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
• EIA only requires the identification,
quantification and monetization of the
environmental impacts of the projects
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13. FORMULATING MONITORING
PROGRAMME
• Ensure the proposed monitoring parameters
and locations correspond to the key
environmental issues and sensitive receptors
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EIA Process
Understand Screen the Conduct a
Phase I Phase II
proposed activity Preliminary
activity Assessment
Based on the ACTIVITY IS SIGNIFICANT BEGIN
Why is the nature of the OF MODERATE A rapid, ADVERSE FULL
activity being activity what OR UNKNOWN simplified EIA IMPACTS EIA
proposed? level of RISK study using POSSIBLE STUDY
environmental simple tools SIGNIFICANT
What is being review is (e.g. the ADVERSE
proposed? indicated? USAID IEE) IMPACTS
VERY UNLIKELY
ACTIVITY IS LOW
RISK (Of its nature, STOP
very unlikely to have the EIA
significant adverse process
impacts)
ACTIVITY IS
HIGH RISK (Of its
nature, likely to have
significant adverse
impacts)