J A V A L A B M A N U A L

LAB OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN JAVA

3 Working With Objects

LAB 03 TABLE OF CONTENTS:

3.1 Java Naming Rules and guidelines
3.2 Using a JFrame object
3.3 Using JOptionPane to Print a Message
3.4 Reading Error Messages
3.5 Combining Statements and the Newline Character
3.6 Using JOptionPane to Input a String
3.7 String Methods
3.8 Style Guidelines
3.9 Programming Exercises

PURPOSE OF LAB 03
Working with objects is central to programming in an Object – Oriented Language such as Java. In this
lab you will work with
objects that are used to create a Graphical User Interface, or GUI
Strings are used for both input and output in our programs.

TO PREPARE LAB 03
Read Wu: Read Chapters 1 and 2. You may omit the following:
pages 51 – 54 Ch2FunTime.java and Ch2MyWebBrowser.java
pages 66 – 68 Section 2.4.3 Date and SimpleDateFormat (this may be covered in class)
Read through this laboratory session
Using your memory device, create a directory called lab03 in which you should save all of your
work. There are no files to copy for this lab.

TO COMPLETE LAB 03
This is an individual lab. You may get help from other students as well as the lab tutor. Read
the honesty policy for guidelines.
When you have completed the lab,
See the lab tutor, who will give you a 10 point, open note, individual quiz.
For 10 points, hand in to the lab tutor, a printed copy of the final versions of the two
programs in this lab, HelloWorld.java and StringTest.java

When you have finished this lab, see the lab tutor, who will give you an open note,ten - point
quiz. For ten points, hand in printouts of you final versions of HelloWorld.java and
StringTest.java. This will be your grade for Lab 03

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3.1 JAVA NAMING RULES AND GUIDELINES

An identifier is a word that can be used to name a class, method, variable, or constant. Java has rules
for choosing a legal identifier. If a rule is not obeyed, the code will not compile. Recall that Java is case
sensitive.

Java Rules for Choosing Identifiers

1. An dentifier may use all letters, a – z and A – Z, all digits, 0 – 9, the underscore ( _ ) and $ .
2. An identifier may not begin with a digit.
3. An identifier may not be a Java reserved word. Reserved words, or key words are words that have a
special meaning in Java. Here is the list with the words that we have already used highlighted.

abstact boolean break byte case catch

char class const continue default do
double else extends final finally float
for goto if implements import instanceof
int interface long native new package
private protected public return short static
strictfp super switch synchronized this throw
throws transient try void volatile while

Java Naming Guidelines

In addition to the naming rules, there are also guidelines, or convetions, that were established by the
authors of the Java API. If a guideline is not obeyed, your code will compile, but it will be more difficult for
you and others to read. Knowing these guidelines, will help you understand code that uses Java API
classes.

I d e n t i f i e r s : Choosing names that indicate the purpose of the class, method or data value is known as
self – documentation .
C l a s s N a m e s : begin with a capital letter, additional words are capitalized. Examples:
First, HelloWorld, JFrame, JOptionPane
v a r i a b l e N a m e s : begin with a lower case letter, additional words are capitalized.
Examples:
myWindow, visible, width, height, interestRate Note: no parentheses
m e t h o d N a m e s : begin with a lower case letter, additional words are capitalized.
Examples:
setTitle(), setSize(), showMessageDialog() Note: always parentheses
C O N S T A N T S : are completely capitalized, additional words are separated with an
underscore character _ . Examples:
PI, MAX_VALUE, INTEREST_RATE

At all times, you are expected to follow the Java guidelines for choosing identifiers.
Failure to do so will result in points being deducted from the code you write.

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3.2 USING A JFRAME OBJECT

Java provides us with a library of classes called the Java Application Programming Interface, or Java API.
In this session, we will use the predefined classes JFrame, JOptionPane, and String . You will learn to
define your own classes in a later session.
Java is an object-oriented programming language. Before an object can exist, a class must define what
characteristics and behaviors an object will have. The class is not the same as the object. Rather, the class
is a template from which objects can be created.
A class is a template that describes the characteristics and behaviors that objects of this
type will have. The characteristics are data values and the behaviors are methods.
An object is an instance of a class.

title
Experiment 1: HelloWorld.java

Traditionally, a programmer writes a Hello World program

as his first program in a new programming language. For

height in pixels
you, this will be your second program. Instead of printing
to System.out , as done in First.java , the message will be
displayed in a JDialog box that is centered in a JFrame
window. A JFrame object can be displayed on the computer
monitor as a window with characteristics, or data values,
that include height , width and title .
JFrame object

JDialog object width measured in pixels

To better understand the code that displays this message, the program will be written in small increments
that can be compiled and executed. Space is allotted for you to record the results of each step.

Step 1: Begin by opening TextPad and enter the code required for all Java applications :
class HelloWorld
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
}
}

All Java applications must contain a main method. main

When an application is run, or executed, a message is HelloWorld
sent to the application class to execute its main method.

Save the file with the required name HelloWorld.java in your lab02 directory.
Compile the program. Even though there are no statements to execute in the main method, it is a good
idea to compile programs frequently. This way, if an error has been made, it can found more easily.
The statements that are executed when the application is run are placed, in the order they are to be
executed, inside the body of the main method.

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Declaring and Creating an Object

To use an object, it must first be declared and created. The object declaration statement:
JFrame frame;
allocates memory, known as frame , to refer to a JFrame object. To create, or instantiate, an object, use the
new operator and the name of the class. The object creation – assignment statement
frame = new JFrame();
is read right to left, "create a new JFrame object and assign it to frame ". frame JFrame
To the right is a state of memory diagram illustrating what is stored in
memory after the two statements are executed.

Step 2: Add the two new statements to the main method of your program.
class HelloWorld
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
JFrame frame; // declare a variable of type JFrame
frame = new JFrame(); // create a JFrame object & assign it to frame
}
}
Compile the code. Record the "essence of " the compiler error message.

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The Java API library of classes is organized into various directories that contain definitions of classes that
have some commonality. The JFrame class is stored in the directory swing , which is a subdirectory of the
directory javax . The compiler must be told where the JFrame class can be found.
S t e p 3 : To correct the compiler error, add an import statement as the first line of code in the file.
import javax.swing.JFrame;
Compile the code and run the program. Record the results

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Using Instance Methods

JFrame
A JFrame object has characteristics that include its frame width
height, width and title . Values can be assigned to these height
instance variables, or data values, by sending messages to title
the object.
To send a message to an object, a method is invoked on the object. A method that is invoked on an object
is an instance method . To invoke an instance method follow the name of the object with a dot ( . )
followed by the name of the method, followed by a pair of parentheses. Information that is passed to the
method is called an argument . Arguments are separated by commas and placed between the
parentheses.

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S t e p 4 : The instance method setTitle must have a String argument, representing the title to be
displayed in the JFrame object's titlebar.
frame.setTitle("My Hello World Program");
The instance method setSize has two arguments that represent the width and height of the JFrame
measured in a number of pixels.
frame.setSize(500, 500);
Add these two lines of code to the end of the body of the main method, Compile the code and run the
program. Record the results.

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The JFrame object has an instance variable visible that initially stores false . The JFrame instance
method setVisible must have a boolean argument, either true or false .
S t e p 5 : Add the statement
frame.setVisible(true);
at the end of the body of the method main . Compile the code and run the program. Record the results.

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N o t e : On a PC, close this program by click on the X in the upper right – hand corner of all open windows.
S t e p 6 : Experiment by changing the integer arguments in the statement that sets the size, in the
number of pixels, of the JFrame object. Each time compile and run the program. Then answer this
question. Which argument (first or second) represents the height of the JFrame object and which
argument represents the width? In you answer indicat how you made this determination.

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3.3 USING JOPTIONPANE TO PRINT A MESSAGE

A JDialog object is used to communicate with the user. On page 3.3 a message dialog box is pictured that
is used to print a message. When the OK button is clicked, the dialog box closes. The JDialog also has
characteristics such as width , and height that need to be set to dimensions that accommodate long or
multiple lines. Later we will use a JDialog for user input.

Using Class Methods

Rather than create the JDialog objects directly, the JOptionPane class defines class methods that create
JDialog boxes with appropriate dimensions, title and components, such as buttons. Since these methods
are class methods , they are invoked on the name of the class in which they are defined rather than on
an object. The JOptionPane class method showMessageDialog() is used to display a message in a dialog
box. To invoke the method we write
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Hello World");

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There are two arguments that must be passed to the method. frame identifies the parent component on
which the dialog box is centered and the String is the message that is printed.
S t e p 7 : Add the statement above at the end of the main method. In addition, because the JOptionPane
class is also defined in the javax.swing package, add an import statement to the beginning of the file.
Your HelloWorld.java file should now contain the following code:
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

class HelloWorld
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
JFrame frame;
frame = new JFrame();
frame.setSize(500, 500);
frame.setTitle("My Hello World Program");
frame.setVisible(true);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Hello World!");
}
}
Compile the code and run the program. Record the results. Does your program work as expected?

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3.4 READING ERROR MESSAGES

Learning to read error messages is an important skill that you should develop as the semester continues.
As your programs become larger, the number of error messages will increase. During the semester, you
will learn how to control the number of error messages by implementing code in small, logical sections.

Instructions for Recording Error Messages

In this lab, you will work with controlled errors. That is, the file will contain only one intentional error at
a time. For each error you should:
1. Introduce the single error into your code.
2. Save the file containing the error.
3. Compile the program.
4. If there is a compiler error, record "the essence" of the error message and the line number on which it
was detected. If the program compiles, run it.
5. Correct the error.
To begin, be sure that your program HelloWorld.java compiles and runs.

Syntax Errors
A syntax error occurs when the rules of the language are violated. These errors are always found by the
compiler. The error message is determined by the compiler that is used.
Error 1: Eliminate the first double quote ( " ) in the statement
frame.setTitle(My Hello World Program");

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When I made Error 1 and compiled the program on my home PC, I received two error messages for the
single error. Notice, that both error messages found the correct line on which the error was made, but one
states the exact error. In TextPad, to view line numbers in the source file click on View – Line Numbers.
File name line # the error

C:\Documentsand Settings\Marian Manyo\My Documents\cosc060\HelloWorld.java:11: ')' expected

frame.setTitle(My Hello World Program"); the line of code where error was detected
^ character where error was detected

C:\Documentsand Settings\Marian Manyo\My Documents\cosc60\HelloWorld.java:11: unclosed string literal

frame.setTitle(My Hello World Program"); the line of code
^ character where error was detected
2 errors

Now compile your code. Record all of the error messages.

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Error 2: Correct Error 1. Then, eliminate the second " in the statement
frame.setTitle("My Hello World Program);
Compile the code. Record only the "essence" of either the first or the most informative error message.

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Error 3: Correct Error 2. Then, eliminate the semicolon at the end of the statement.
frame.setTitle("My Hello World Program")
Compile the code. Record only the "essence" of either the first or the most informative error message.

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Error 4: Correct Error 3. Then misspell the word frame in the line
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Hello World!");
Compile the code. Record only the "essence" of either the first or the most informative error message.

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Error 5: Correct Error 4. Then, use incorrect capitalization in the word JOptionPane in the statement
JOptionpane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Hello World!");
Compile the code. Record only the "essence" of either the first or the most informative error message.

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Error 6: Correct Error 5. Then, omit one of the arguments in a method call. Replace the line
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Hello World!");
with the line
JOptionpane.showMessageDialog("Hello World!");

Compile the code. Record only the "essence" of either the first or the most informative error message.

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Runtime errors
A runtime error occurs during the execution, or running, of a program. Basically, the computer is
instructed to do something that it cannot do. Run – time errors cause the program to stop and error
messages to be printed to monitor. For example, if a calculation involves division by zero, a runtime error
message that declares an Arithmetic Exception may be printed in the terminal window.
Error 7: Correct Error 6. Then change the spelling of the word main to Main
public static void Main(String[] args)
Compile the code and run the program. Record any error message.

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Error 8: Correct Error 7. The following error may be a runtime error, or, depending on the compiler, it
may be found by the compiler. Comment out the statement that creates the JFrame object
//frame = new JFrame();
If the code compiles, run the program. Is this error a runtime or compiler error? Record the error message.

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Note: In the future, commenting out lines of code is a very good way to determine where errors are made.
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Logic errors
A logic error occurs when the semantics of the code is correct, but the meaning of the code, the semantics,
is incorrect. A logic error is often called a bug. If your program has a bug, it cannot be found by the
compiler or by the computer when the program is run. Instead, it must be found by the programmer or by
a person specifically assigned to test the program. Examples of logic errors are calculations that give
incorrect results and special situations that are not handled or considered. You are expected to carefully
test your programs to be sure that they are free of bugs. Since our program is small, not many logic errors
are possible.
Error 9: Correct Error 8. Then change the spelling of Hello to Hellow
frame.setTitle("My Hellow World Program");
Compile the code. Run the program, if the code compiles. Record any error message.

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3.5 COMBINING STATEMENTS AND THE NEWLINE CHARACTER

Step 8: Make three additional changes to the current program.

Using the wildcard, *

When one or more classes are imported from a specified package, it is often easier to import all classes
from the specified package. To do this, use the wildcard symbol, *, to represent all class files in the
package. This does not reduce the performance of a program. Replace the statements
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

with the single statement

import javax.swing.*;

Combining declaration and initialization statements

The declaration and object creation statements can be combined into a single statement. Replace the
statements
JFrame frame;
frame = new JFrame();

with the single statement

JFrame frame = new JFrame();
that both declares a JFrame variable frame and initializes it to refer to a new JFame object.

Using the newline character '\n'

Special characters, such as the newline character, can be printed using a sequence of two characters, the
escape character, '\' , followed by another character whose normal meaning "is escaped". The combination
of the characters \n represents the newline character '\n' , which returns the printer carriage to the
beginning of the next line.
Modify the message that is displayed in the JDialog message box
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Hello\nWorld!");

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The entire program should now be

import javax.swing.*;
class HelloWorld
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setSize(500,400);
frame.setTitle("My Hello World Program");
frame.setVisible(true);
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Hello\nWorld!");
}
}

Compile the revised code and run the program. Record the results

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Step 11: Make changes to the statement

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Hello\nWorld!");
So that it prints the message in a column:
H
e
l
l
o

W
o
r
l
d
!
Record your change to the previous program. Compile and run the program to make sure it works. What
happened to the dimensions of the JDialog box?

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Leave the modified statement in this program as we continue to add more to the program. See the Post-Lab
Exercises for more escape characters.

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3.6 USING JOPTIONPANE TO INPUT A STRING

The JOptionPane class method showInputDialog is used to read a user input string. The expression
JOptionPane.showInputDialog(frame, "Enter your name")
causes an input JDialog , centered on frame , to appear. The
method's String argument is the prompt. The user may
type a single string of any length in the text field. When the
OK button is clicked, the input dialog is closed and the
method returns the entered String . In order to use the
String that is returned by the showInputDialog method, it
must be assigned to a String variable. The statement
String name = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(frame,
"Enter your name");
declares a String variable name and assigns to it the String returned by the showInputDialog() method.
Due to the length of the line of code, it has been broken into two lines by using the <Enter> key at an
appropriate place. Long lines should always be broken into multiple lines rather than using the word –
wrap feature of a text editor. Lines, including leading spaces, should never be longer than 80 characters.
The operator + can be used to concatenate, or add, two String objects to form a new String object.
Therefore, if name refers to the String "Mable" , the expression
String sentence = "My name is " + name
creates the new String "My name is Mable" and assigns it to the String variable sentence .
The statement
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "My name is " + name);
creates the same string but without storing it to sentence .
S t e p 1 2 : Edit your modified HelloWorld.java as follows:
• Before any message is printed, prompt the user for his/her name.
• After the Hello World message is printed, print the user's name.
Compile and run the program. After entering your name in the input dialog box, click the OK button.
Record the results.

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Run the program a second time. This time click the Cancel button instead. Record the results.

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Print a copy of this last version of HelloWorld.java and be sure that this
final version is stored on you memory device in the lab03 directory.

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3.9 STRING METHODS

We will look at only a small number of the methods in the String class.
E x p e r i m e n t 2 StringTest.java
Step 1: To experiment with these methods, create a new program file called StringTest.java similar to
HelloWorld.java. Declare the class and create the main method. Inside the main method, create a JFrame
frame object, and using an input dialog box, prompt the user for a word, saving the input in the variable
String word .

Compile the code and run the program. Record the results.

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All methods have a method header, which tells the user how to use the method. The method header
consists of a return type, the name of the method name followed by a set of parentheses surrounding an
optional list of parameters. The parameters, another name for variable, tell the user the number and types
of arguments that must be passed to the method when it is invoked. We will look at these String instance
methods with headers:

return type method Name (<optional parameter list>)

String toUpperCase ()
int length ()
int indexOf (String s)
char charAt (int index)
String substring (int beginIndex, int endIndex)
String substring (int beginIndex)

In the explanations of the methods that follow, this refers to the object on which the method is invoked.
Therefore, in the statement
word.toUpperCase();
word is this object.
String toUpperCase(): is used to create and return a new String whose letters are equivalent to this
String but are all UPPER CASE letters. No arguments are passed to the method.
Step 2: Add these statements to the end of the main method.
word.toUpperCase();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "You entered " + word);
Compile the revised code and run the program. Record the results

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Step 3: Invoking the method toUpperCase() on a String does not change the existing String , rather, it
creates a new String . Therefore, to change word to its upper case equivalent, the returned String needs to
be assigned to word or to some other String variable.

Replace the statement

word X String
word.toUpperCase(); Java
with the statement
word = word.toUpperCase(); String
that assigns the returned String to word . JAVA

Compile the revised code and run the program. Record the results

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S t e p 4 : If we only want to print word in upper case letters, then another option is to invoke
toUpperCase on word in the showMessageDialog method. Remove the statement
word = word.toUpperCase();
and change the statement
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "You entered " + word);
to
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "You entered " + word.toUpperCase());
Compile the revised code and run the program. Record the results

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S t e p 5 : Predict what is stored in word after the new statement is executed. Add code to test your
prediction. Record the code that you added.

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int length (): returns the number of characters in this String . No arguments are passed to the
method.
S t e p 6 : Without removing any statements, add to the end of main the statement
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame,
word + " has length " + word.length());
Compile and run the revised program, entering your full name. Record the two printed messages. Was
your prediction in Step 5 correct?

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Every character in a String has an index, or position in the String . The index of the first character is 0,
and the index of the last character is always one less than the length of the String.
int indexOf (String s): expects a String argument and returns an integer representing the index of
the first occurrence of s in the String on which the method is invoked.
M a r q u e t t e
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

If String word = "Marquette"; the method call

word.indexOf("q")
returns 3 because "q" is found beginning at index 3.
S t e p 8 : Without removing any statements from main, add the statement
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame,
word + "\n" +
"index of e is " + word.indexOf("e") + "\n" +
"index of ar is " + word.indexOf("que") + "\n" +
"index of M is " + word.indexOf("M") + "\n" +
"index of m is " + word.indexOf("m"));
as the last statement in main . Predict the output of the last message dialog box if "Marquette" is entered.
Then, compile and run the revised program, entering "Marquette" . Correct your predictions if necessary.

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Answer these questions:

1. If the argument is contained in the object more than once, which index is returned?

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2. If the argument is not contained in the object, what index is returned?

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char charAt(int index): An integer argument representing an index into this String , must be
passed to the method. The character at index is returned.
S t e p 9 : Without removing any statements, add the statement
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame,
word + "\n" +
"char at index 0 is " + word.charAt(0) + "\n" +
"char at index 3 is " + word.charAt(3) + "\n" +
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"char at index 8 is " + word.charAt(8));

as the last statement in main . Predict the output of the last message dialog box if "Marquette" is entered.
Then, compile and run the revised program, entering "Marquette" . Correct your predictions if necessary.

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Run the program one more time. This time enter "Warriors" when prompted for a word. Record what
happens. Can you explain why this happens?

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String substring (int beginIndex, int endIndex): Two integer arguments representing
indices into this String must be passed to the method. A substring of this String , beginning with the
character at beginIndex and up to, but not including, the character at endIndex is returned.
String substring (int beginIndex): One integer argument representing an index into this String
must be passed to the method. A substring of this String , beginning with the character at beginIndex and
going to the end of this String is returned.
M a r q u e t t e
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

For example, if word is "Marquette" then the expression

word.substring(3,6)
returns "que" , which is the substring from the character at index 3 up to, but not including, the character
at index 6. However, the expression
word.substring(3)
returns "quette" , which is the substring from the character at index 3 to the end of the string.
Step 10: Without removing any statements, add the statement
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame,
name + "\n" +
"substring from 1 to 5 is " + name.substring(1,5) + "\n" +
"substring from 1 is " + name.substring(1) + "\n" +
"substring from 4 to 8 is " + name.substring(4,8) + "\n" +
"substring from 4 is " + name.substring(4) + "\n" +
"substring from 0 to 1 is " + name.substring(0,1) + "\n" +
"substring from 0 to length is " +
name.substring(0,name.length()));
as the last statement in main. Predict the output of the last message dialog if the entered string is
"Marquette" . Then, compile and run the revised program, entering "Marquette" . Correct your predictions
if necessary.

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Answer this question:

Overloaded methods . are two methods in the same class that have the same name. How does the
computer know which of the two substring methods to execute?

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3.10 STYLE GUIDELINES

You are expected to follow these guidelines when writing your programs. This is a subset of the Java style
guidelines specified by Sun. Following these guidelines makes code more readable and easier to maintain.
I d e n t i f i e r s : Following the naming guidelines (See 3.1) established by the authors of the Java API
makes code easier to write and to understand. Choose names that indicate the purpose of the class,
method or data value. Choosing good names is part of self – documentation.
I n d e n t a t i o n : Each level of indentation should be four spaces. Tabs should never be used since they are
not consistently spaced from program to program or computer to computer. Also, the default tab stop is
usually eight spaces. This amount of indentation is too much, since we will soon be writing programs with
five or six levels of indentation.
class Sample
{
public static void main(String[] args)
4
{ note that matching braces line up
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
4 . . .
}
}
L o n g s t a t e m e n t s : should be broken, by entering <Enter>, anyplace in a statement except in the
middle of an identifier or in the middle of a String. Notice above, that the long string is broken into two
shorter strings that are concatenated. No line should ever be longer than 80 characters.
W h i t e s p a c e : Use whitespace, spaces and blank lines, to make code more readable. Blank lines should
be used to separate sections of code that are logically cohesive. Examples of this will be seen when our
classes are more involved. Spaces should be used separate operators from operands and to separate words
in comma separated lists. For example:
JFrame frame = new JFrame();

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spaces

String first, middle, last;

C o m m e n t s : You should include a block comment at the beginning of each of your assignment programs
stating your name, and the purpose of the program. Inline comments may be used to add a comment at
the end of a line or on a new line. These comments should provide documentation and explanations for
code that is not obvious. Do not use comments to explain statements that are obvious.

3.11 POST LAB PROGRAMMING EXERCISES

1. Write a program MadLib.java that prompts the user for words that are either parts of speech or specific
types of words, such as noun, verb, adjective, animal, number etc.. The entered words are then printed as
part of one or more sentences. For example: Prompt the user, using four separate input dialogs, for an
animal, plural noun, number and adjective. If the user enters, respectively, "elephant", "books", "13", and
"beautiful", then the program prints, using a message dialog: "My pet ELEPHANT likes to eat BOOKS. He
eats 13 times a day and is beginning to look quite BEAUTIFUL." The user-entered words should be
capitalized when printed. Make up your own MadLib that uses at least four user-entered strings.

2. Write a program Pattern.java that prompts the user for a four letter word using an input dialog.
Then, print the following pattern with the word using the substring method and string concatenation. For
example: If the user enters the word "Java", your program should print one of the following in a message
dialog,
A. J B. J
Ja Ja
Jav Jav
Java Java
Jav Jav
Ja Ja
J J

3. Use String methods to write a program called Name.java that prompts the user for his First Middle
Last names in one input dialog. That is, a string such as "Thomas Patrick Jones" will be entered. Use a
message dialog box to print the name Last, First MiddleInitial. Therefore, the string "Jones, Thomas P."
would be printed in a message dialog.

4. Use String methods to write a program called Jumble.java that prompts the user for his First Last
names in one input dialog. That is, a string such as "Thomas Jones" will be entered. Use a message dialog
box to print the first and last names with the first letters interchanged. Therefore, the String " Jhomas
Tomes" would be printed in a message dialog.

5. Use String methods to write a program called TitleCase.java that prompts the user for his First Last
names in one input dialog. That is, a string such as "THOMAS jones" could be entered. Use a message
dialog to print the name in title case, i.e. first letters of each name are capitalized, all other letters are in
lower case. Therefore, the String " Thomas Jomes" would be printed in a message dialog. Note: The
String class contains the method String toLowerCase() which returns the lower case equivalent of the
String on which it is invoked.

6. Use String methods to write a program Reverse.java that prompts the user for a four letter word using
an input dialog. Use a message dialog to print the word in reverse order. For example, if the user enters
the word "Java", your program should print.
avaJ

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Hint: Use the charAt method and string concatenation. Begin with the empty string:
String reverse = "";

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7. Write a program Rhyme.java that prints the following nursery rhyme in a message dialog. Spacing is
important!!
Jack and Jill p a hill
went u
To fetch a pail of water.
Jack fell d
o
w
n and broke his crown.
And Jill came t
u
m
b
l
i
n
g after

8. Write a Java application, NameGame.java , that reads in a single name from the user and then uses
that name to print the following verse. Two sample outputs are given. The portions of the verse that
depend on the user input are highlighted.

User input = "Roger" User input = "Caroline"

Roger, Roger, bo-Boger Caroline, Caroline, bo-Baroline

Banana-fana fo-Foger Banana-fana fo-Faroline
Fee, Fie, mo-Moger Fee, Fie, mo-Maroline
ROGER! CAROLINE!

9. Write a Java application, Testing.java , that tests whether the following are legal Java expressions.
You should determine this by trying to print each of the following. Write up your answer by showing your
test code. And,include a written explanation of what is wrong with any of the illegal expressions. Explain
the result of any of the legal expressions.
a. toUpperCase("Java");
b. "Java".substring()
c. "I love ".concat("Java")
d. "Java".Length()
e. "Java".charAt(4)
f. "Java".charAt(1, 2)

10. In 3.6, we used the escape character '\n'. The additional escape characters, used for printing, are:

\" is used to print a double quote

\' is used to print a single quote
\t is used to print a tab
\\ is used to print a backslash
\r is used to print a return, which returns the carriage to the beginning of the same line
\n is used to print a newline, which returns the carriage to the beginning of the next line

Write a Java application, Escape.java , that prints this sentence in a message dialog box
She said, "Hit the ON\OFF switch on Mike's computer."

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