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This book covers the theory of elasticity and plasticity, and its applications to metal forming processes. It is intended as a textbook for engineering students and contains five chapters. Chapter 1 discusses stress, strain, and yield criteria for elastic and plastic behavior. Chapter 2 covers materials testing methods. Chapter 3 presents the elements of plasticity theory including plastic stress-strain relations. Chapter 4 analyzes metal forming processes using techniques like slab method and upper bound. Chapter 5 describes various metal forming processes like forging, extrusion, rolling and sheet forming operations. The objective is to help students understand plasticity theory and applications to metal forming.

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Edgar Gajo
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56 views4 pages

Librero

This book covers the theory of elasticity and plasticity, and its applications to metal forming processes. It is intended as a textbook for engineering students and contains five chapters. Chapter 1 discusses stress, strain, and yield criteria for elastic and plastic behavior. Chapter 2 covers materials testing methods. Chapter 3 presents the elements of plasticity theory including plastic stress-strain relations. Chapter 4 analyzes metal forming processes using techniques like slab method and upper bound. Chapter 5 describes various metal forming processes like forging, extrusion, rolling and sheet forming operations. The objective is to help students understand plasticity theory and applications to metal forming.

Uploaded by

Edgar Gajo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Book Title: Theory of Elasticity and Plasticity


2. Principal Author: Prof. Hassan Hedia
3. Name of the College / Affiliation: Faculty of Maritime Studies , King
Abdulaziz University, Marine Engineering Dept.

SUMMARY
This book is about Theory of Plasticity and metal forming. It is not a handbook rather
intended as a textbook for the present and hopefully future generations of Theory of
Plasticity and metal forming.
This textbook provided the students with the theoretical background and engineering
applications of the Theory of Elasticity and Plasticity for metal forming. It is divided into
three parts. Part one, Theory of Elasticity, is devoted to this solution of these engineering
problems that can be approximated by means of the linear models. The second part is the
theory of Plasticity. The third part is the metal forming process.

The book cover the curriculums educated in most high level of Theory of Elasticity,
Plasticity and metal forming schools. The book contains the following chapters:
Part one
Chapter 1: Stress and Stain Relationships For Elastic Behavior for one, two and three-
dimensional.
Chapter 2: Applications of Materials Testing
Chapter 3: Elements of The Theory of Plasticity
Chapter 4: Analysis Of Metal Forming Processes
Chapter 5: Metal forming processes

4. The important of this book

The elasticity theory is useful for linear modelling materials which produce small
deformations and which return to their original shape after removing the load. Many of
all real materials will produce some permanent deformation, which stay after load
removal. However for metals, significant of permanent deformations will usually occur
when the stress reaches some critical value, called the yield strength, which is a material
property.
The deformations of elasticity are termed rejuvenated; the energy expended in
deformation is stored as elastic strain energy and is completely recovered upon load
removal. Permanent deformations involve the dissipation of energy; such processes are
termed irreversible, in the sense that the original state can be obtained only by the extra
of more energy.
The classical of plasticity theory out of the study of metals in the late nineteenth
century. It is concerned with materials which initially elastically deformed, which deform
plastically upon reaching a yield strength. In metals and other crystalline materials the
occurrence of plastic deformations at the micro-scale level is due to the dislocations of
motion and the movement of grain boundaries on the micro-level.
A essential part of the discussion in what follows is concerned with the metals plasticity ;
this is the easy type of plasticity and it serves as a good background and introduction to
the plasticity modelling in other material-types. There are two wide groups of metal
plasticity problem which are of interest to the engineer and analyst. The first involves
relatively small plastic strains, often of the same order as the elastic strains which occur.
Analysis of problems involving small plastic strains allows one to design structures
optimally, so that they will not fail when in service, but at the same time are not stronger
than they really need to be. In this sense, plasticity is seen as a material failure.
The second type of group of problem involves very large deformations and strains, so
large that the elastic strains can be ignored. These phenomena occur in the analysis of
metals forming processes and manufacturing, which can involve rolling, extrusion,
forging, drawing and so on. In these latter-type group of problem, a simplified model
known as perfect plasticity is employed usually and use of special limit theorems which
applied for such models.
The deformations of Plasticity are normally independent rate, that is, the stresses
induced are independent of the rate of loading (or rate of deformation).

5. Book objective
The objective of this book mainly for helping the all branches of mechanical
and Civil engineering student for understand theoretical and practice the
coarse MENG 468(Plasticity and metal forming) & MENG 488 (special
topics for mechanics of materials) and MENG 616 (Advanced Elasticity and
Plasticity for Graduate student). Moreover, this book explain the types of
metal forming process which help the manufacturing companies.

6. Book Design:
The book is a collection of papers, excerpts from different references and
text books. The book contains Five chapters listed as following:

Chapter 1: Stress and Stain Relationships For Elastic Behavior


1.1. Place of Plasticity and Metal Forming
1.2. Types of Strain
1.3. State of Stress at A Point
1.4. State of Strain at A Point
1.5. Plan Stress
1.6. Plan Strain
1.7. Determination of Principal stresses
1.8. Mohr's Circle
1.9. Maximum Shear Stress
1.10. Hydrostatic stress and Stress Deviators
1.11. Elastic Stress Strain Relations
1.12. Octahedral Shear Stress
1.13. Yield Criteria
1.13.1. Von Mises yield Criterion
1.13.2. Tresca yield Criterion
1.14 Experimental verification of Yield Criteria
1.15 Yield Criteria under Plane Stress Conditions
1.16 Discussion of yield Criterion under Pane strain Conditions

Chapter 2: Applications of Materials Testing


2.1. Introduction
2.2. Tension Test
2.3. Ductility Measures
2.4. Tnie Stress andTrue Strain
2.5. True Stress-Strain Curve
2.6. Fitting of True Stress-Strain Curve
2.7. Instability in Tension Test
2.8. Idealized Stress-Strain Curves
2.9. Strain Rate
2.10. Compression Test
2.1 1. Plane-Strain Test
2.12. Torsion Test
2.1 3. Hardness Test
2.13.1 Brinell
2.13.2 Meyer
2.14 Hardness and Strength

Chapter 3: Elements of The Theory of Plasticity


3.1 Plastic Stress-Strain Relations
3.2 Implications of Proportion a1 Loading
3.3 Application to Instability of Thin-Walled vessels
3.4 Thick Sphere Under Internal Pressure .
3.5 Residual stresses
3.6 Thick walled pressure vessels
3.6.1 The basic problem and its solution
3.6.2 Thick pressure vessels
3.6.3 Examples – case studies
3.6.1 Internal pressure only, po = 0
3.6.2 External pressure only, pi = 0 and po ≠ 0
3.6.3 When can the thin shell theory be used?
3.6.4 Press and shrink fits
3.7 Duplex4 Pressure Vessels
3.7.1 Duplex vessel example
3.7.2 The use of different materials in duplex vessel design
3.7.3 Optimum radius for interface (r = b) for shells of same material
3.7.4 Interference fit of a wheel onto a shaft
3.8 Autofrettage of pressure vessels
3.8.1 Autofrettage example
3.9 Plastic Bending Of Beam
3.9 Strain Hardening Material
3.10 Residual Stresses
3.11 Spring Back
3.12 Minimum Bend Radius

Chapter 4: Analysis Of Metal Forming Processes


4.1 Work Of deformation
4.2 . Work and Heat
4.3 Slab Method
4.3.1 Compression Of Rectangular Block (Plane Strain)
4.3.1.1 Average Pressure
4.3.1.2 Sticking Friction
4.3.2 Compression Of Circular Disk (Axisymmetric)
4.3.2.1 Average Pressure
4.3.2.2 Sticking Friction
4.4 interface Friction Factor
4.5 Upper Bound Technique
4.5.1 Forging (Indentation)
4.5.2 Extrusion Through Square Die
4.5.3 Consideration Of dead metal one in Square Die
4.5.4 Extrusion Through Symmetrical wedge shaped Die
4.6 Determination of Minimum Pressure For Indentation
Chapter 5: Metal forming processes
5.1 Bulk metal forming, Sheet metal forming
5.1.1 General classification of metal forming processes
5.1.2 Classification of basic bulk forming processes
5.1.3 Classification of basic sheet forming processes
5.2 Cold working, warm working, hot working
5.3 Bulk forming processes
5.4 Forging hammers, presses and dies
5.4.1 Slab method
5.4.2 Compression of axially symmetric circular disc
5.5 Extrusion
5.5.1 Simple analysis of extrusion
5.5.2 Analysis of direct extrusion by slab method
5.5.3 Empirical formulae for extrusion pressure
5.6 Die materials
5.7 Wire, rod, bar drawing
5.8 Rolling
5.9 Sheet forming operations
5.9.1 Cup deep drawing
5.9.2 Sheet bending
5.9.3 Stretching/stretch forming

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