User manual

Version 12.3.0
Contents

1 Calculation 6
1.1 Using the application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.1.1 Doing a calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.1.2 Using the result of the immediately preceding calculation . . . . 6
1.1.3 Using any result in the calculation history . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.1.4 Using the expression of a calculation already performed in the
calculation history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1.5 Deleting a line in the history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 Performing calculations with complex numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.1 Choosing the complex format of the results . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.2 Calculation of an expression with complex numbers . . . . . . . 7
1.2.3 Absolute value, argument, real part, imaginary part, conjugate . 7
1.3 Performing calculations with matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.1 Typing a matrix using the keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.2 Performing calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.3 Inverse, determinant, transpose, trace, size . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 Functions 10
2.1 Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.1 Drawing the graph of a function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.2 Displaying the table of values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 Using the Functions tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.1 Adding a function to the list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.2 Editing the expression of a function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.3 Change the plot interval of the function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.4 Polar and parametric curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.5 Enabling or disabling a function in the list . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.6 Deleting the expression of a function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.7 Removing a function from the list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1
CONTENTS 2

2.2.8 Renaming a function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.3 Using the Graph tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.1 Moving the cursor in the graph window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.2 Adjusting the display window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.3 Moving the cursor to a given abscissa point . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.4 Displaying the value of the derivative number . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.5 The Calculate menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.4 Using the Table tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.1 Modifying the interval in the table of values . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.2 Typing values of x into the table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.3 Deleting all table values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.4 Displaying the derivative function values . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3 Python 18
3.1 Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.1 The script list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.2 Adding and removing a script from the list . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.3 Renaming a script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1.4 Editing a script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1.5 Disabling automatic import into the shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.2 The shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.3 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.3.1 The math module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.3.2 The cmath module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3.3 The random module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3.4 The turtle module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3.5 The kandinsky module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4 Toolbox and var keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4.1 The var key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4.2 The Toolbox key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

4 Statistics 26
4.1 Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.1.1 Typing your data in the table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.1.2 Plotting data as a histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.1.3 Plotting data as a box plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.1.4 Displaying statistical variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.2 Using the Data tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
CONTENTS 3

4.2.1 Delete a value from the data table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4.2.2 Clearing a column of the table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.2.3 Generate a list with a formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3 Using the Histogram tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.1 Moving the cursor in the histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.3.2 Setting histogram parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.4 Using the Box tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.5 Using the Stats tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5 Probability 30
5.1 First step: choosing the probability distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.2 Second step: choosing the parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.3 Third step: calculating probabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.3.1 Calculating a probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.3.2 Modifying the bounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.3.3 Calculating the inverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

6 Equations 34
6.1 Solve an equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.1.1 Enter an equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.1.2 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.2 Solving a system of equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.2.1 Enter a system of equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.2.2 Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

7 Sequences 36
7.1 Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.1.1 Drawing the graph of a sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.1.2 Displaying the table of values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.2 Using the Sequences tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.2.1 Adding a sequence to the list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.2.2 Editing the expression of a sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.2.3 Enabling or disabling a sequence in the list . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.2.4 Deleting the expression of a sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.2.5 Removing a sequence from the list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.2.6 Changing the type of the sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.2.7 Typing the expression of a recursive sequence . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.2.8 Changing the first term index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.3 Using the Graph tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
CONTENTS 4

7.3.1 Moving the cursor in the graph window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

7.3.2 Adjusting the display window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.3.3 Moving the cursor to a given index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.3.4 Calculating the sum of the terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.4 Using the Table tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.4.1 Modifying the interval in the table of values . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7.4.2 Typing values of n into the table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.4.3 Deleting all table values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

8 Regression 43
8.1 Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.1.1 Typing your data in the table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.1.2 Computing the linear regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.1.3 Displaying statistical variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
8.2 Using the Data tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.2.1 Delete a value from the data table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.2.2 Clearing a column of the table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.2.3 Generate a list with a formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.2.4 Change the regression model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.3 Using the Graph tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8.3.1 Moving the cursor in the graph window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8.3.2 Predict a value of X or Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
8.3.3 Change the regression model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8.3.4 Adjusting the display window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8.4 Using the Stats tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

9 Settings 48
9.1 Angle measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.2 Result format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.3 Writing format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.4 Complex format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.5 Brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.6 Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.7 Exam mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.7.1 Activating the exam mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.7.2 What happens when you activate the exam mode? . . . . . . . . 49
9.7.3 Deactivating the exam mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
9.8 About . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
CONTENTS 5

10 Variables 51
10.1 Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
10.2 Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
10.3 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
10.4 The var key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

11 Toolbox 53
11.1 Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.2 Complex numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.3 Combinatorics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.4 Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.4.1 Normal distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.4.2 Binomial distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
11.5 Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
11.6 Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
11.7 Random and approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
11.8 Hyperbolic trigonometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
11.9 Prediction interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chapter 1

Calculation

1.1 Using the application

1.1.1 Doing a calculation
1. When you enter the Calculation application, the cursor is in the editing bar at the
bottom of the screen. Enter your calculation in this edit bar.

2. Press the X key. The calculation is performed.

When a calculation is performed, it is displayed at the bottom of the calculation history.

In the history line corresponding to this calculation, you will see the calculation you
typed in at the top left and the result at the bottom right. The exact result is displayed
in black while the approximate numerical result is displayed in grey.
Inputs with decimal numbers also give accurate results. Select the decimal result to
display the exact result.
For more readability, the result of the calculations involving a decimal number is always
1 3
given in decimal form: 0.1 + 0.3 will give 0.4 while 10 + 10 will give 25 .

1.1.2 Using the result of the immediately preceding calculation

You can use the exact result of the calculation you just performed in the expression of a
new calculation. To do so, press a. The expression ans is then displayed in the editing
line and represents the result of the previous calculation. You can perform mathemat‐
ical operations on this result.

1.1.3 Using any result in the calculation history

To copy a previous result to the calculation editing bar, use the arrow keys to select the
result you want to use (exact or approximate), then press O. The result is then displayed
in the editing bar at the bottom of the screen.

6
CHAPTER 1. CALCULATION 7

1.1.4 Using the expression of a calculation already performed in the calcula‐

tion history
You can copy the expression of a calculation that has already been performed to the
calculation editing bar. To do so, select the expression of this calculation using the
directional arrows. Then press O, the expression of the calculation is then displayed
in the edit bar at the bottom of the screen.

1.1.5 Deleting a line in the history

To delete a line in the history, use the arrow keys to select an item from this line and
press d.
To delete the entire history, select any item in the history using the arrow keys and use
the clear function (S then d).

1.2 Performing calculations with complex numbers

1.2.1 Choosing the complex format of the results
Your results can be displayed in rectangular or polar form (choose “real” to force the
results to be real). Make this setting in the Settings application.
√
In rectangular√form, the calculation of −1 will give the result i. In polar form,√the
calculation of −1 will give the result e1.570796∗i . In real form, the calculation of −1
will give the result “unreal”.

In the polar form, the angle in the exponential is always given in radians,
even if the calculator is set in degrees mode.

1.2.2 Calculation of an expression with complex numbers

You can perform calculations with complex numbers as well as with real numbers. Your
complex numbers can be typed in rectangular or polar form.
π
For example: if you type i + ei∗ 2 , the result will be 2i if you are in rectangular mode
π
and 2ei∗ 2 if you are in polar mode.

1.2.3 Absolute value, argument, real part, imaginary part, conjugate

You can calculate these values by using the shortcuts available in the Complex numbers
section of the Toolbox menu to which you have access when you press the T key.
You can also manually type the functions used to calculate these values. In the following
list are the syntaxes of the corresponding functions :
CHAPTER 1. CALCULATION 8

• Absolute value : abs(z)

• Argument : arg(z)
• Real part : re(z)
• Imaginary part : im(z)
• Conjugate : conj(z)

1.3 Performing calculations with matrices

1.3.1 Typing a matrix using the keyboard
To type a matrix in the editing bar at the bottom of the screen, use the brackets [and ],
accessible by pressing S then e or l.
For example, type [[1,0][0,1]] to type the size 2 identity matrix :
[ ]
1 0
0 1
When you press O, you can see your matrix displayed with the correct formatting in
the calculation history.
It is useful to store matrices in variables. To do so, type your matrix then use the func‐
tion sto → (by pressing S then p). Then type the name of the variable you want
and press X. For example, to store the size 2 identity matrix in variable M1, write
[[1,0][0,1]] → M1 and press X.
To make a capital letter press S then A then press the key with the desired
letter.

1.3.2 Performing calculations

You can perform calculations between several matrices:
• Addition of two matrices: M1+M2
• Subtraction of two matrices: M1-M2
• Multiplication of two matrices (matrix product) : M1*M2
• Division of two matrices (inverse multiplication) : M1/M2 (corresponds to M 1 ∗
M 2−1 )
You can also perform calculations between a number and a matrix:
• Multiplication of a matrix by a scalar: 4*M1
• Power of a matrix: M1^5
CHAPTER 1. CALCULATION 9

1.3.3 Inverse, determinant, transpose, trace, size

You can calculate these values by using the shortcuts available in the Matrix section of
the Toolbox menu to which you have access when you press the T key.
You can also manually type the functions used to calculate these values. In the following
list are the syntaxes of the corresponding functions:

• Inverse : inverse(M)

• Determinant : det(M)

• Transpose : transpose(M)

• Trace : trace(M)

• Size : dim(M)
Chapter 2

Functions

2.1 Getting started

2.1.1 Drawing the graph of a function
1. When you enter the Functions application, select the cell to the right of the name
of the function you want to plot.

2. Then type the expression of the function you want to plot. The function editing
field appears at the bottom of the screen. To use the variable x within the expres‐
sion of the function, press the x key.

3. Confirm by pressing O.

4. Then select the Plot Graph button at the bottom of the screen or the Graph tab at
the top of the screen.

5. Confirm by pressing O.

You are now in the Graph tab and your graph is plotted. You can move the cursor on the
curve using the directional arrows and read the coordinates of the point at the bottom
of the screen.

To open the options menu of the curve on which the cursor is located, press
O.

2.1.2 Displaying the table of values

The table of values for the function can be found in the Table tab. There are two ways
to access it.

• First option: from the Functions tab

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CHAPTER 2. FUNCTIONS 11

1. If you are in the Functions tab, select the Display values button at the bottom
of the screen.
2. Confirm by pressing O.

The value table is then displayed.

• Second option: from any tab

1. Select the Table tab at the top of the screen.

2. Confirm by pressing O.

The value table is then displayed.

2.2 Using the Functions tab

2.2.1 Adding a function to the list
You can add functions to the list.

1. Select the Add function cell at the bottom of the function list.

2. Confirm by pressing O.

A new function appears in the list. You can directly type its expression with the key‐
board.

You can also create a function from the Calculation app. See the Variables
section.

2.2.2 Editing the expression of a function

You can change the expression of a function in the list by highlighting it and pressing
O.
The function editing field is then displayed at the bottom of the screen.

For function composition, use the name of an existing function in the func‐
tion expression. Here is an example of an expression you can type: cos(f (x)).

2.2.3 Change the plot interval of the function

You can change the plot range of a function.

1. Select the name of the function in the list.

CHAPTER 2. FUNCTIONS 12

2. Confirm by pressing O to open the options menu for this function.

3. Select the Plot range option and press O.

4. Edit the values and then select Confirm.

2.2.4 Polar and parametric curves

1. Select the name of the function in the list.

2. Confirm by pressing O to open the options menu for this function.

3. Select the Curve type option and press O.

4. Select the type and press O.

The expression of a polar function needs to use the θ symbol, it can be typed using the
x,n,t key.
The expression of a parametric function needs to be typed as a column vector of size
2. The first coefficient is the expression of x(t) while the second is the expression of
y(t).

2.2.5 Enabling or disabling a function in the list

A disabled function appears in gray in the function list. You can still edit its expression
but its graph and table of values will not be shown in the Graph and Table tabs.

1. To deactivate a function, select the name of the function in the list.

2. Confirm by pressing O to open the options menu for this function.

3. Select the Turn on/off option and press O to toggle the status of the function.

4. Return to the function list by pressing B.

Do the same if you want to change the status of a function from Off to On.

2.2.6 Deleting the expression of a function

1. Select the expression of the function you want to delete.

2. Press the d key.

The expression of the function has been deleted. You can enter a new expression.
CHAPTER 2. FUNCTIONS 13

2.2.7 Removing a function from the list

You can permanently remove a function from the list. However, the first function in
the list cannot be deleted.

1. Select the name of the function to be removed from the function list.
2. Confirm by pressing O to open the options menu for this function.
3. Select the option Delete function and confirm.

The function disappears from the list.

You can also delete a function from the list by selecting the name of the
function to delete and pressing d.

2.2.8 Renaming a function

You can change the name of a function.

1. Select the name of the function in the list.

2. Confirm by pressing O to open the options menu for this function.
3. Select the Rename option and press O.
4. Type the new name of the function, making sure that it does not exceed 7 charac‐
ters.

2.3 Using the Graph tab

2.3.1 Moving the cursor in the graph window
You can move the cursor using the four directional arrows:

• L / R: Move the cursor on the curve to the right or left.

• U / D: Move the cursor to a curve above or below the curve you are on.

2.3.2 Adjusting the display window

To access the display window settings, select one of the options under the Graph tab
and press O.
You can choose between three options: Axes, Zoom and Preadjustment.

When you are in the graph display window, you can press the + and ‐ keys
to zoom in/out.
CHAPTER 2. FUNCTIONS 14

Axes

In Axes, you can enter the values of Xmin and Xmax that define the width of your dis‐
play window.
If Yauto is activated, the height of your display window will be automatically calculated
to display all points of the curve between Xmin and Xmax. Otherwise, manually enter
your Ymin and Ymax values.
Confirm by selecting the Confirm button and pressing O.

Zoom

Select Zoom to access an interactive display window setting:

• L / U / R / D: move the window

• + / ‐: zoom in/zoom out

Preadjustment

The Preadjustment menu offers you 4 predefined display windows:

• Trigonometrical: window adapted to the representation of the different trigono‐

metric functions

• Integer: window in which the abscissa are integers

• Orthonormal: window displaying an orthonormal coordinate system

• Basic settings: reset the display window

2.3.3 Moving the cursor to a given abscissa point

1. When the cursor is on the curve of the function for which you are looking for a
particular abscissa, press O.

2. The plot options menu opens, select Go to and confirm.

3. Enter the abscissa of the point on which you want to move the cursor.

4. Select the Confirm button and press O.

The cursor is now on the point you requested.

You can also type directly on the keyboard the value of the cursor abscissa to bring it to
the requested point.
CHAPTER 2. FUNCTIONS 15

2.3.4 Displaying the value of the derivative number

You can display the value of the derivative number in the banner at the bottom of the
screen.

1. When the cursor is on any curve, press O.

2. The plot options menu opens. Select Derivative then press O to toggle the switch
to the active state.

3. Press B to return to the graph display window. The value of the derivative number
appears in the legend at the bottom of the screen.

Do the same if you want to disable the display of the derivative number.

2.3.5 The Calculate menu

The Calculate menu allows you to identify intersection points, minima and maxima,
zeros, calculate integrals and draw tangents with their equation.

1. When the cursor is located on a particular curve, press O.

2. The plot options menu opens. Select Calculate and press O.

This takes you to the menu Calculate.

Inverse image

The cursor automatically moves to the inverse image you requested. To jump from
inverse image to inverse image within the window, use the directional arrows. Be aware
that the antecedent must be located in the window to be found.

Intersection

The cursor automatically moves to a point where the curve intersects with another
curve. To jump from intersection point to intersection point within the window, use
the directional arrows.

Maximum / Minimum

The cursor automatically moves to a local maximum / minimum of the function. To

jump from maximum / minimum to maximum / minimum within the window, use the
directional arrows.
CHAPTER 2. FUNCTIONS 16

Zeros

The cursor automatically moves to a point where the function vanishes. To jump from
zero to zero inside the window, use the directional arrows.

Tangent

You observe the tangent to the curve at a point. Its equation is given in the legend
banner at the bottom of the screen. You can use the directional arrows to draw other
tangents or type directly the abscissa of the tangent on the keyboard.

Integral

1. At the bottom of the display window, you are asked to select the lower bound. To
do this, use the L and R keys to position the cursor on the lower bound. Confirm
with O. You can also directly type the value of x$ with the keyboard.

2. Now select the upper bound in the same way. Confirm by pressing O. You can
return to the previous step by pressing B. You are then asked to select the lower
bound again.

3. The value of the integral you want to calculate is shown in the display bar at the
bottom of the screen. To calculate a new integral, press B. To exit the Integral
mode, press O.

2.4 Using the Table tab

2.4.1 Modifying the interval in the table of values
You can automatically fill in the table of values with values of x$ in any interval of your
choice. There are two ways to do this.

• First option

1. Select Set the interval in the Table tab and confirm by pressing O.
2. You get to the settings to specify the range of values of x$. Enter the values of
X start and X end with the numeric keys of the keyboard then the step value
between each x value.
3. Select the Confirm button and press O. The new table now displays the in‐
terval you have just specified.

• The second option

1. Select the x cell at the top of the first column of the table and press O.
CHAPTER 2. FUNCTIONS 17

2. The options menu for the x column opens. Select Set the interval and press
O.
3. You get to the settings to specify the range of values of x$. Enter the values of
X start and X end with the numeric keys of the keyboard then the step value
between each x value.
4. Select the Confirm button and press O. The new table now displays the in‐
terval you have just specified.

2.4.2 Typing values of x into the table

When you select a cell from the first column of the table (Column x), you can manually
type a value of x$ using the numerical keys on the keyboard. Once you have entered
your value in the cell, confirm by pressing O.
You can delete a row from the table by selecting it and pressing d.

2.4.3 Deleting all table values

1. Select the x cell at the top of the first column of the table and press O.

2. Select Clear column and press O.

3. An empty value table appears on the screen. You can now enter values in the x
column manually or automatically.

2.4.4 Displaying the derivative function values

You can display the column of the derivative function in the table.

1. Select the name of the function and press O.

2. Select Derivative function column and press O. You have just activated the display
of the derivative function column.

3. Press B to return to the table. The derivative function column appears next to the
function you selected.

To hide the column of the derivative function, do the same or select the name of the
derivative function and press O to open the options of this column and no longer dis‐
play it.
Chapter 3

Python

The version of Python available on your NumWorks calculator is MicroPython 1.11,

compatible with Python 3.4.

3.1 Scripts
3.1.1 The script list
When you enter the application, you will see the list of saved scripts. When you first use
the application, three scripts are defined as examples: factorial.py, mandelbrot.py
and polynomial.py.

3.1.2 Adding and removing a script from the list

You can add up to 8 scripts in the list.

1. Select the Add a script cell at the bottom of the list.

2. Confirm by pressing O.

A new script appears in the list. You can then enter a name for this script.
To delete a script, select the settings icon next to the script name and press O. Choose
Delete script and press O.

3.1.3 Renaming a script

To change a script name, select the settings icon next to the script name and press O.
Choose Rename script and press O to confirm. You can now change the name of the
script.

18
CHAPTER 3. PYTHON 19

3.1.4 Editing a script

To write to a script, simply select the script name and press O. The editor opens and
you can write your algorithms inside.
To help you write, press T. A menu will open and show some shortcuts to make the
editing easier. The menu Loops and Tests offers pre‐filled blocks for for and while
loops, if tests and a series of conditions. The menu Catalog lists the functions present
in Python and gives a short description of them. You can also use the V key to display
the list of functions defined in your scripts as well as the global variables.

3.1.5 Disabling automatic import into the shell

Automatic import is automatically enabled for your scripts. This means that the com‐
mand from script_name import * is systematically entered when the shell is opened
so that you can use the functions you defined in the scripts inside the console.
To disable automatic import of a script, select the settings icon next to the script name
and press O. Choose Auto import in shell and press O to toggle the switch. The switch
turns grey and the script will no longer be activated automatically.

3.2 The shell

At the bottom of the list of scripts is a button Python shell which allows access to the
interactive shell of Python.
The triple arrows >>> prompts you to enter a command.
You can use the shortcuts on the T menu to make text entry easier. You will also find
in the menu of the V key the list of functions you have defined in your scripts.

3.3 Modules
The modules present in this version of Python are the math, cmath, random, turtle and
kandinsky modules.

3.3.1 The math module

Here is the complete description of the math module. You can get this list on your cal‐
culator by pressing T and going to Modules then math.

e The constant e=2.718281828459045.

pi The constant pi=3.141592653589793.

CHAPTER 3. PYTHON 20

√
sqrt(x) Square root, type sqrt(x) for x.

pow(x,y) Power, type pow(x,y) for xy .

exp(x) Exponential, type exp(x) for ex .

expm1(x) Exponential minus 1, type expm1(x) for ex − 1.

log(x) Natural logarithm: log(x) calculates ln(x).

ln(x)
log2(x) Base‐2 logarithm, type log2(x) for ln(2) .

ln(x)
log10(x) Base‐10 logarithm, type log10(x) for ln(10) = log(x).

cosh(x) Hyperbolic cosine.

sinh(x) Hyperbolic sine.

tanh(x) Hyperbolic tangent.

acosh(x) Inverse hyperbolic cosine.

asinh(x) Inverse hyperbolic sine.

atanh(x) Inverse hyperbolic tangent.

cos(x) Cosine in radians.

sin(x) Sine in radians.

tan(x) Tangent in radians.

acos(x) Arc cosine.

asin(x) Arc sine.

CHAPTER 3. PYTHON 21

atan(x) Arc tangent.

atan2(y,x) Type atan2(y,x) to calculate atan( xy ).

ceil(x) Ceiling.

copysign(x,y) Returns xwith the sign of y, for instance copysign(3,-1)=-3.

fabs(x) Absolute value, fabs(x) returns | x |.

floor(x) Floor, type floor(x) to calculate ⌊x⌋.

fmod(a,b) fmod(a,b) returns a modulo b.

frexp(x) Mantissa and exponent of x: for instance, frexp(10) returns (0.625,4)

because 10 = 0.625 × 24 .

ldexp(x,i) Inverse of frexp(x), that is x × 2i .

modf(x) Fractional and integer parts, for instance modf(5.1)=(0.1,5.0).

isfinite(x) Checks if xis finite.

isinf(x) Checks if xis infinity.

isnan(x) Checks if x is NaN.

trunc(x) Returns x truncated to an integer, for instance trunc(6.7)=6.

radians(x) Converts x from degrees to radians, for instance radians(180) returns

3.141592653589793.

degrees(x) Converts x from radians to degrees, for instance degrees(pi) returns

180.

∫x
e−t dt.
2 2
erf(x)   Error function, erf (x) = π 0
CHAPTER 3. PYTHON 22

erfc(x) Complementary error function, erf c(x) = 1 − erf (x).

gamma(x)  Gamma function.

lgamma(x) Log‐gamma, lgamma(x) = ln(gamma(x)).

3.3.2 The cmath module

Here is the complete description of the cmath module. You can get this list on your
calculator by pressing T and going to Modules then cmath.

e The constant e=2.718281828459045.

pi The constant pi=3.141592653589793.

phase(z) Phase of z in radians, for instance phase(1j)=1.570796326794897.

polar(z) Representation of z in polar coordinates: polar(1j) returns (1.0, 1.570796326794897).

rect(z) Representation of z in cartesian coordinates: rect(1,pi/4) returns 0.70710+0.70710j.

exp(x) Exponential function, for instance exp(i*pi/4) returns 0.70710+0.70710j.

log(x) Natural logarithm, for instance log(1j) returns 1.570796326794897j.

sqrt(x) Square root.

cos(x) Cosine.

sin(x) Sine.

3.3.3 The random module

Here is the complete description of the random module. You can get this list on your
calculator by pressing T and going to Modules then random.

getrandbits(k) Returns an integer with k random bits.

CHAPTER 3. PYTHON 23

seed(x) Initialize the random number generator.

randrange(start,stop) Returns a random number in range(start,stop).

randint(a,b) Returns an integer in [a,b].

choice(list) Returns a random number in the list.

random() Returns a random floating point number in [0,1[.

uniform(a,b) Returns a random floating point number in [a,b].

3.3.4 The turtle module

Here is the complete description of the turtle module. You can get this list on your
calculator by pressing T and going to Modules then turtle.

forward(x) Move forward by x pixels.

backward(x) Move backward by x pixels.

right(a) Turn right by a degrees.

left(a) Turn left by a degrees.

goto(x,y) Move to (x,y) coordinates.

setheading(a) Set the orientation by a degrees.

circle(r) Circle of radius r pixels.

speed(x) Drawing speed (x between 0 and 10).

position() Return the current (x,y) location.

heading() Return the current heading.

CHAPTER 3. PYTHON 24

pendown() Pull the pen down.

penup() Pull the pen up.

pensize(x) Set the line thickness to x pixels.

isdown() Return True if the pen is down.

reset() Reset the drawing.

showturtle() Show the turtle.

hideturtle() Hide the turtle.

color('c') or color(r,g,b) Set the pen color.

blue Blue color.

red Red color.

green Green color.

yellow Yellow color.

brown Brown color.

black Black color.

white White color.

pink Pink color.

orange Orange color.

purple Purple color.

grey Grey color.

CHAPTER 3. PYTHON 25

3.3.5 The kandinsky module

Here is the complete description of the kandinsky module. You can get this list on your
calculator by pressing T and going to Modules then kandinsky.

color(r,g,b) Defines the color from the values of r,g,b. You can also simply use a
tuple to define a color: (r,g,b).

get_pixel(x,y) Returns the pixel x,y color as a tuple (r,g,b).

set_pixel(x,y,color) Colors the pixel x,y of the color color.

draw_string(text,x,y,[color1],[color2]) Displays text from the pixel x,y. The

arguments color1 (text color) and color2 (background color) are optionnal.

fill_rect(x,y,width,height,color) Fills a rectangle at pixel (x,y) with the color

color.

3.4 Toolbox and var keys

3.4.1 The var key
The menu of the V key lists all the functions defined in your scripts (containing no
errors) as well as the global variables.

3.4.2 The Toolbox key

The T key menu contains four sections for the faster editing of your scripts.

Loops and tests Contains instructions for for and while loops as well as if tests.

Modules Contains the functions available in the math, cmath, random and kandinsky
modules.

Catalog Contains the functions that can be used in Python, especially those of the
modules but also functions like print() and input(). An alphabetical search with the
letters of the keyboard is possible.

Functions Contains instructions for defining a function: def function(argument):

and return.
Chapter 4

Statistics

4.1 Getting started

4.1.1 Typing your data in the table
When you enter the Statistics app, you must type your data in a two‐column table. You
can add up to 3 data tables.

• In the first column (Values), enter the values of your statistical data.

• In the second column (Sizes), enter the frequencies/sizes associated with each
value in your dataset, i. e. the number of occurrences of each value.

When you fill in the first column, the second column is automatically filled
in with the value 1. This means that each of the values in your statistical data
appears only once in the set. Change the sizes values in the second column
if the values in your statistical set appear more than once.

For example, let’s consider the following statistical data: 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5.

To enter this statistical data in the table, proceed as follows.

Values V1 Sizes N1
1 3
2 1
3 2
4 1
5 2

You can also enter frequencies in the Sizes column.

26
CHAPTER 4. STATISTICS 27

4.1.2 Plotting data as a histogram

Once you have typed your data into the table in the Data tab, you can plot it as a his‐
togram.

1. Select the Histogram tab at the top of the screen.

2. Confirm by pressing O.

You then see the histogram that displays your data.

4.1.3 Plotting data as a box plot

Once you have typed your data into the table in the Data tab, you can plot it as a box
plot.

1. Select the Box tab at the top of the screen.

2. Confirm by pressing O.

You then see the box plot that displays your data.

4.1.4 Displaying statistical variables

Once you have typed your data into the table in the Data tab, you can display the statis‐
tical variables: mean, standard deviation, median,…

1. Select the Stats tab at the top of the screen.

2. Confirm by pressing O.

You then see the table of statistical variables.

4.2 Using the Data tab

4.2.1 Delete a value from the data table
You can delete a row from the table by selecting a cell in that row and pressing d.
You can change the content of a cell by selecting it and typing a new value with the
keyboard.
CHAPTER 4. STATISTICS 28

4.2.2 Clearing a column of the table

You can delete all the values in a column of the table.

1. Select the name of the column you want to clear. Confirm by pressing O.

2. The column options menu opens. Select Clear column and confirm with O.

Clearing the Values column also clears the Sizes column.

Clearing the Sizes column fills this column with the value 1.

4.2.3 Generate a list with a formula

You can create a column of the data table using a formula involving another column.

1. Select the name of the column you want to fill. Confirm by pressing O.

2. The column options menu opens. Select Fill with formula and confirm with O.

3. Type your formula using the name of another column. For example, if you want
column V2 to be filled with the values of V1 divided by 2, write V1/2 in the text
field at the bottom of the screen. Then press OK.

To enter a capital letter, press shift then alpha then the letter to display.

4.3 Using the Histogram tab

4.3.1 Moving the cursor in the histogram
When you are in the Histogram tab, you can read the numbers and frequencies in the
bar at the bottom of the screen for each rectangle. The intervals represented by the
rectangles are also displayed.
To move the selection to another rectangle in the histogram, use the L and R keys.
To move to another data set, use the U and D keys.

4.3.2 Setting histogram parameters

You can change the width of the histogram rectangles (bin width) and the start value of
the data set.

1. Press O.

2. The histogram settings menu opens. Enter the values for the width of rectangles
and the start of the set. Confirm by selecting the Validate button and pressing the
O key.
CHAPTER 4. STATISTICS 29

4.4 Using the Box tab

In the Box tab, you can read the statistical variables below the box plot:

• Minimum

• First quartile

• Median

• Third quartile

• Maximum

To move the cursor, use the L and R keys.

To move to another data set, use the U and D keys.

4.5 Using the Stats tab

The Stats tab displays the statistical variables calculated using the data in the Data tab:

• Total size

• Minimum

• Maximum

• Range

• Mean

• Standard deviation

• Variance

• First quartile

• Third quartile

• Median

• Interquartile range

• Sum

• Sum of squares

• Sample standard deviation

Chapter 5

Probability

This app lets you study different probability distributions such as Binomial, Normal or
Exponential. Input the distribution’s parameters and get the corresponding probabili‐
ties. It is organized in 3 steps:

1. Choice of probability distribution: select the probability distribution you want to

perform your probability calculations, the normal distribution for example.

2. Choice of the parameters: type the values of the parameters of the probability
density function, standard deviation and mean for example.

3. Calculate probabilities: define your bounds and calculate the corresponding prob‐
ability or perform the inverse by typing a probability value to calculate the value
of the corresponding bound.

Once you have made a choice and moved to the next step, you can return to the previous
step by pressing B.

5.1 First step: choosing the probability distribution

Select the probability distribution you want with the directional arrows. Then confirm
by pressing O to go to the next step.
You have the choice between 5 continuous distributions and 3 discrete distributions.
Continuous distributions:

• Uniform distribution

• Exponential distribution

• Normal distribution

• Chi2 distribution

30
CHAPTER 5. PROBABILITY 31

• Student distribution

Discrete distributions:

• Binomial distribution

• Geometric distribution

• Poisson distribution

5.2 Second step: choosing the parameters

Type the value of the parameter(s) then select the Next button and press O to go to the
next step.
At the bottom of the screen, you will see a description of the requested parameters.
In the table below, the parameters requested for each distribution are reminded.

Binomial (n, p) : number of trials and success probability

(natural number, real number in [0, 1])

Uniform (a, b): bounds of the interval

(real number, real number)

Exponential λ: parameter
non‐negative real number

Normal (µ, σ): mean and standard deviation

(positive real number, non‐negative real number)

Chi2 k : degrees of freedom

non‐negative integer

Student k : degrees of freedom

positive real number

Geometric p : success probability

real number in ]0, 1]
CHAPTER 5. PROBABILITY 32

Poisson λ :parameter
non‐negative real number

5.3 Third step: calculating probabilities

5.3.1 Calculating a probability
1. Select the bound in which you want to enter your value.

2. Type the value.

3. Confirm by pressing O.

You can now read the result of the probability calculation.

5.3.2 Modifying the bounds

You can modify the type of bounds for your probability calculations:

•
X≤a

•
a≤X

•
a≤X≤b

•
X=a

The last option only concerns discrete distributions.

To do so, follow the instructions below.

1. Select the Bound type icon at the top left of the screen and press O.

2. A drop‐down menu opens. Choose the type of bounds you want and confirm by
pressing O.

You have changed the type of bounds for calculating your probabilities.
CHAPTER 5. PROBABILITY 33

5.3.3 Calculating the inverse

You can calculate a in P (a≤X) = p from a given p probability value.

1. Select the field in which the probability value is located.

2. Type your value.

3. Confirm by pressing O.

The calculator will display the value of a.

Chapter 6

Equations

This app lets you solve equations and linear systems. The solutions are given in an exact
or approximated form according to the equation.

6.1 Solve an equation

6.1.1 Enter an equation
When you open the application, press O to add an equation. A pop‐up opens to suggest
equation templates that you can then modify. If you do not wish to use a template,
choose Empty.
Enter your equation in the text field at the bottom of the screen. You can use any lower‐
case letter as unknown: press A then a letter to display it or simply press the x key
to display the letter x.
Confirm by pressing O once you have entered your equation.
To display the = sign, press S and then press n. If you validate without writing a
sign = in your equation, it will be automatically added.

6.1.2 Solutions
To get the solutions of the equation, select the Solve equation button at the bottom of
the screen and press O.

Quadratic equations

If the input equation is a quadratic equation, the solutions x0 and x1 are automatically
given in an exact form.
The table also displays the value of the discriminant.

34
CHAPTER 6. EQUATIONS 35

General case

Generally, solutions are computed numerically and their value is often approximated.
When you press the button Solve the equation, the application then asks you to set an
interval in which to search for the solution.
Set the values of Xmin and Xmax and press the button Solve the equation.
If there are too many solutions, the calculator only displays the first ten.

6.2 Solving a system of equations

6.2.1 Enter a system of equations
To enter a system, simply proceed as before. When you add a second equation, the
application displays the equations as a system.
You can use any lowercase letter as unknown again.
Up to 6 equations can be added.

6.2.2 Solutions
The application solves linear systems with real or complex coefficients.
To get the solutions, select the Solve the system button at the bottom of the screen and
press O.
The application gives the solutions in exact form. It also indicates if there is an infinity
of solutions or if there is no solution.
Chapter 7

Sequences

7.1 Getting started

7.1.1 Drawing the graph of a sequence
1. When you enter the Sequence application, select the Add sequence cell and con‐
firm by pressing O.

2. Choose the type of expression you want to enter: explicit expression of the se‐
quence (based on n), recursive first order (expression based on the previous term)
or recursive second order (expression based on the two previous terms).

3. Then type the expression of the sequence you want to plot. The sequence edit‐
ing field appears at the bottom of the screen. To use the variable n within the
expression of the sequence, press the x key. To use a recursive formula, use the
Toolbox menu shortcuts by pressing T. In this case, you must indicate the value
of the first term of the sequence.

4. Confirm by pressing O.

5. Then select the Plot Graph button at the bottom of the screen or the Graph tab at
the top of the screen.

6. Confirm by pressing O.

You are now in the Graph tab and your graph is plotted. You can move the cursor using
the directional arrows and read the coordinates of the points at the bottom of the screen.

To open the options menu of the graph on which the cursor is located, press
O.

36
CHAPTER 7. SEQUENCES 37

7.1.2 Displaying the table of values

The table of values for the function can be found in the Table tab. There are two ways
to access it.

• First option: from the Sequences tab

1. If you are in the Sequences tab, select the Display values button at the bottom
of the screen.
2. Confirm by pressing O.

The value table is then displayed.

• Second option: from any tab

1. Select the Table tab at the top of the screen.

2. Confirm by pressing O.

The value table is then displayed.

7.2 Using the Sequences tab

7.2.1 Adding a sequence to the list
You can add up to 3 sequences in the list.

1. Select the Add sequence cell at the bottom of the list.

2. Confirm by pressing O.

Then choose the type of sequence you want to enter and type its expression.

7.2.2 Editing the expression of a sequence

You can change the expression of a sequence in the list by highlighting it and pressing
O.
The sequence editing field is then displayed at the bottom of the screen.

7.2.3 Enabling or disabling a sequence in the list

A disabled sequence appears in gray in the list. You can still edit its expression but its
graph and table of values will not be shown in the Graph and Table tabs.

1. To deactivate a sequence, select the name of the sequence in the list.

CHAPTER 7. SEQUENCES 38

2. Confirm by pressing O to open the options menu for this sequence.

3. Select the Turn on/off option and press O to toggle the status of the sequence.
4. Return to the sequence list by pressing B.

Do the same if you want to change the status of a sequence from Off to On.

7.2.4 Deleting the expression of a sequence

1. Select the expression of the sequence you want to delete.
2. Press the d key.

The expression of the sequence has been deleted. You can enter a new expression.

7.2.5 Removing a sequence from the list

You can permanently remove a sequence from the list.

1. Select the name of the sequence to be removed from the sequence list.
2. Confirm by pressing O to open the options menu for this sequence.
3. Select the option Delete sequence and confirm.

The sequence disappears from the list.

You can also delete a sequence from the list by selecting the name of the
sequence to delete and pressing d.

7.2.6 Changing the type of the sequence

You can choose the type of expression of a sequence: explicit expression of the sequence
(based on n), recursive first order (expression based on the previous term) or recursive
second order (expression based on the two previous terms).

1. Select the name of the sequence you want to change

2. Confirm by pressing O to open the options menu for this sequence.
3. Select the option Sequence type and press O.
4. Choose the type of expression you want and confirm by pressing O.

The type of the sequence has been changed. If you chose to define the sequence with a
recursive expression, you will have to provide the first term.
When you change the type of a sequence, the expression previously entered for that
sequence is deleted.
CHAPTER 7. SEQUENCES 39

7.2.7 Typing the expression of a recursive sequence

You can enter the expression of a recursive sequence, for example un+2 = un+1 + un $.
You can use the two previous terms in the expression (un+1 and un $).
To do so, you can press T when editing the expression and select the term you need.
You can also directly enter the term you want: type u (n+1) for un+1 and u (n) for un .
With a recursive sequence you must define the first terms of the sequence. Enter the
required terms in the list below the expression of the recursive sequence.

7.2.8 Changing the first term index

1. Select the name of the sequence to edit

2. Confirm by pressing O to open the options menu for this sequence.

3. Select the line First term index and type a value.

4. Press O and B to return to the Sequences tab.

7.3 Using the Graph tab

7.3.1 Moving the cursor in the graph window
You can move the cursor using the four directional arrows:

• L / R: Move the cursor to the right or left.

• U / D: Move the cursor to a sequence above or below the sequence you are on.

7.3.2 Adjusting the display window

To access the display window settings, select one of the options under the Graph tab
and press O.
You can choose between three options: Axes, Zoom and Preadjustment.

When you are in the graph display window, you can press the + and ‐ keys
to zoom in/out.

Axes

In Axes, you can enter the values of Xmin and Xmax that define the width of your dis‐
play window.
CHAPTER 7. SEQUENCES 40

If Yauto is activated, the height of your display window will be automatically calculated
to display all points of the sequence between Xmin and Xmax. Otherwise, manually
enter your Ymin and Ymax values.
Confirm by selecting the Confirm button and pressing O.

Zoom

Select Zoom to access an interactive display window setting:

• L / U / R / D: move the window

• + / ‐: zoom in/zoom out

Preadjustment

The Preadjustment menu offers you 4 predefined display windows:

• Trigonometrical: window adapted to the representation of the different trigono‐

metric functions

• Integer: window in which the abscissa are integers

• Orthonormal: window displaying an orthonormal coordinate system

• Basic settings: reset the display window

7.3.3 Moving the cursor to a given index

1. When the cursor is on the sequence for which you are looking for a particular
value, press O.

2. The plot options menu opens, select Go to and confirm.

3. Enter the index of the point on which you want to move the cursor.

4. Select the Confirm button and press O.

The cursor is now on the point you requested.

You can also type directly on the keyboard the value of the index to bring it to the re‐
quested point.
CHAPTER 7. SEQUENCES 41

7.3.4 Calculating the sum of the terms

1. When the cursor is located on a particular sequence, press O.

2. The plot options menu opens. Select Sum of terms and press O.

3. At the bottom of the display window, you are asked to select the first term. To do
so, use the L and R keys to position the cursor on the first term. Confirm with
O. You can also directly type the value of n$ with the keyboard.

4. Now select the last term in the same way. Confirm by pressing O. You can return
to the previous step by pressing B. You are then asked to select the first term
again.

5. The value of the sum you want to calculate is shown in the display bar at the
bottom of the screen. To calculate a new sum, press B. To exit the Sum of terms
mode, press O.

7.4 Using the Table tab

7.4.1 Modifying the interval in the table of values
You can automatically fill in the table of values with values of n$ in any interval of your
choice. There are two ways to do this.

• First option

1. Select Set the interval in the Table tab and confirm by pressing O.
2. You get to the settings to specify the range of values of x$. Enter the values of
N start and N end with the numeric keys of the keyboard then the step value
between each n value.
3. Select the Confirm button and press O. The new table now displays the in‐
terval you have just specified.

• The second option

1. Select the n cell at the top of the first column of the table and press O.
2. The options menu for the n column opens. Select Set the interval and press
O.
3. You get to the settings to specify the range of values of x$. Enter the values of
N start and N end with the numeric keys of the keyboard then the step value
between each n value.
4. Select the Confirm button and press O. The new table now displays the in‐
terval you have just specified.
CHAPTER 7. SEQUENCES 42

7.4.2 Typing values of n into the table

When you select a cell from the first column of the table (Column n), you can manually
type a value of n$ using the numerical keys on the keyboard. Once you have entered
your value in the cell, confirm by pressing O.
You can delete a row from the table by selecting it and pressing d.

7.4.3 Deleting all table values

1. Select the n cell at the top of the first column of the table and press O.

2. Select Clear column and press O.

3. An empty value table appears on the screen. You can now enter values in the n
column manually or automatically.
Chapter 8

Regression

8.1 Getting started

8.1.1 Typing your data in the table
When you enter the Regression app, you must type your data in a two‐column table.
You can add up to 3 data tables.

• In the first column (X1), enter the values of the first variable of your statistical
data set.

• In the second column (Y1), enter the values of the second variable of your statis‐
tical data set.

8.1.2 Computing the linear regression

Once you have entered your data in the table, you can plot a linear regression.

1. Select the Graph tab at the top of the screen.

2. Confirm by pressing O.

You then see the points that represent your data as well as the regression line that fits
the model equation y = ax + b. The a and b coefficients are displayed in the banner at
the bottom of the screen.

8.1.3 Displaying statistical variables

Once you have typed your data into the table in the Data tab, you can display the statis‐
tical variables: mean, standard deviation, median,…

1. Select the Stats tab at the top of the screen.

43
CHAPTER 8. REGRESSION 44

2. Confirm by pressing O.

You then see the table of statistical variables.

8.2 Using the Data tab

8.2.1 Delete a value from the data table
You can delete a row from the table by selecting a cell in that row and pressing d.
You can change the content of a cell by selecting it and typing a new value with the
keyboard.

8.2.2 Clearing a column of the table

You can delete all the values in a column of the table.

1. Select the name of the column you want to clear. Confirm by pressing O.

2. The column options menu opens. Select Clear column and confirm with O.

Clearing the xi column also clears the yi column.

Clearing the yi column fills this column with the value 0.

8.2.3 Generate a list with a formula

You can create a column of the data table using a formula involving another column.

1. Select the name of the column you want to fill. Confirm by pressing O.

2. The column options menu opens. Select Fill with formula and confirm with O.

3. Type your formula using the name of another column. For example, if you want
column X2 to be filled with the values of X1 divided by 2, write X1/2 in the text
field at the bottom of the screen. Then press OK.

To enter a capital letter, press shift then alpha then the letter to display.

8.2.4 Change the regression model

You can change the regression model to use. The available models are:

• Linear

• Quadratic
CHAPTER 8. REGRESSION 45

• Cubic

• Quartic

• Logarithmic

• Exponential

• Power

• Trigonometric

• Logistic

1. Select the name of a column and confirm by pressing O.

2. The column options menu opens. Select Regression and confirm with O.

3. Select your model and press O.

8.3 Using the Graph tab

8.3.1 Moving the cursor in the graph window
You can move the cursor using the four directional arrows:

• L / R: move the cursor on the line to the right or left or from point to point.

• U / D: move the cursor from the data points to the regression line or move to
another data set.

8.3.2 Predict a value of X or Y

You can look for a specific point on the regression line knowing its abscissa or ordinate:
that is, you can predict a value of X given Y and a value of Y given X.

1. Move the cursor to the regression line and press O.

2. The regression line menu opens. Select Prediction given X if you know the value
of X and Prediction given Y if you know the value of Y . Confirm by pressing O.

3. Type your value, then select the Confirm button and press O.

The cursor has moved to the desired point. You can read the coordinates of this point
at the bottom of the screen.
CHAPTER 8. REGRESSION 46

8.3.3 Change the regression model

You can change the regression model to use. The available models are:

• Linear

• Quadratic

• Cubic

• Quartic

• Logarithmic

• Exponential

• Power

• Trigonometric

• Logistic

1. Move the cursor to a curve and press O.

2. The curve options menu opens. Select Regression and confirm with O.

3. Select your model and press O.

8.3.4 Adjusting the display window

To access the display window settings, select one of the options under the Graph tab
and press O.
You can choose between three options: Axes, Zoom and Preadjustment.

When you are in the graph display window, you can press the + and ‐ keys
to zoom in/out.

Axes

In Axes, you can enter the values of Xmin and Xmax that define the width of your dis‐
play window.
If Yauto is activated, the height of your display window will be automatically calculated
to display all points of the curve between Xmin and Xmax. Otherwise, manually enter
your Ymin and Ymax values.
Confirm by selecting the Confirm button and pressing O.
CHAPTER 8. REGRESSION 47

Zoom

Select Zoom to access an interactive display window setting:

• L / U / R / D: move the window

• + / ‐: zoom in/zoom out

Preadjustment

The Preadjustment menu offers you 3 predefined display windows:

• Integer: window in which the abscissa are integers

• Orthonormal: window displaying an orthonormal coordinate system

• Basic settings: reset the display window

8.4 Using the Stats tab

The Stats tab displays the statistical variables calculated using the data in the Data tab:

• Mean of xi values and yi

• Sum of xi and yi

• Sum of the squares of xi and yi

• Standard deviation of xi and yi

• Variance of xi and yi

• Number of data points

• Covariance

• Sum of xi × yi

• Slope a and y‐intercept b of the regression line (or other model coefficients)

• Correlation coefficient r

• Coefficient of determination r2
Chapter 9

Settings

9.1 Angle measure

If you choose Degrees, all arguments of the trigonometric functions will be considered
to be in degrees and the inverse trigonometric functions will give results expressed in
degrees.
Similarly if you choose Radians, all arguments of the trigonometric functions will be
considered as being in radians and the inverse trigonometric functions will give results
expressed in radians.
If you choose Gradians, all arguments of the trigonometric functions will be considered
to be in gradians and the inverse trigonometric functions will give results expressed in
gradians.
The unit of angles is displayed in the top banner of the screen as deg, rad or gon.

9.2 Result format

If you choose Auto, the numerical values will be displayed according to calculator pre‐
sets so that they are as appropriate as possible for each application.
If you choose Scientific, the numerical values will be displayed in scientific form. A sci
indicator then appears in the top banner of the screen to indicate that your results are
displayed in scientific notation.
If you choose Engineering, the numerical values will be displayed in engineering form.
A eng indicator then appears in the top banner of the screen to indicate that your results
are displayed in engineering notation.
You can choose the number of digits to display for the results by directly modifying the
value in the section Significant figures. The maximum number of digits that can be
displayed is 14.

48
CHAPTER 9. SETTINGS 49

9.3 Writing format

You can choose the editing mode of mathematical expressions: in one (linear) or in two
dimensions (natural).

9.4 Complex format

If you choose Real, complex results won’t be displayed.
If you choose a + ib, complex results will be displayed in rectangular form.
If you choose reiθ , complex results will be displayed in polar form. In this case, the
argument in the exponential will always be given in radians, even if the angle unit is set
to Degrees.

9.5 Brightness
You can adjust the brightness of the screen using the directional arrows.

9.6 Language
To change the calculator language. You can choose between English, French, Spanish,
German and Portuguese.

9.7 Exam mode

9.7.1 Activating the exam mode
Select Exam Mode in the application Settings then press O.
A Activate Exam Mode button appears. Press O to activate the exam mode.
A message appears indicating that the activation of the exam mode will erase the data.
Choose Confirm and press O.
You are now in exam mode.

9.7.2 What happens when you activate the exam mode?

Enabling the exam mode deletes all recorded data: calculation history, variables, func‐
tion list, statistical series, Python scripts,…
When the exam mode is active, a symbol appears in the yellow band at the top of the
screen to indicate it and the LED on the front edge of the calculator flashes red.
CHAPTER 9. SETTINGS 50

9.7.3 Deactivating the exam mode

You can only exit the exam mode by connecting the calculator to a computer via a USB
cable. As soon as you connect the machine, a message appears asking you if you want
to exit the exam mode. Choose Confirm and press O.
You are no longer in exam mode: the symbol Exam mode disappears from the display
and the LED stops flashing red.

9.8 About
This screen gives you access to the software version number that is installed on your
calculator as well as the serial number of your device.
Chapter 10

Variables

You can store numbers, matrices or functions in variables for reuse in future calcula‐
tions. All variables are listed in the menu that appears when you press the V key on
the calculator.
Variable names (expression or function) can be freely chosen using the characters : a..z,
A..Z, 0..9 and _. A variable name cannot start with a number nor contain more than 7
characters.
To make a capital letter press S then A then press the key with the desired letter.

10.1 Numbers
The numeric variables available in the calculator are stored in the Expressions section
in the V menu.
To store a number in a variable, type the number to store then insert the arrow sto (by
pressing S then p) followed by the desired variable name. For example to store 5 in
a type : 5→a. Then press X to confirm.

10.2 Matrices
The matrix variables available in the calculator are stored in the Expressions section in
the V menu.
To store a matrix in a variable, type the matrix to store then insert the arrow sto (by
) S then p) followed by the desired variable name. For example to store
pressing
(
1 0
in m1 type: [[1,0][0,1]]→m1. Then press X to confirm.
0 1

51
CHAPTER 10. VARIABLES 52

10.3 Functions
The functions available in the calculator are stored in the Functions section in the V
menu.
To store a function in a variable, type the function expression to store then insert the
arrow sto (by pressing S then p) followed by the desired variable name. For example
to store f (x) = 2x + 3 type: 2x+3→f(x). Then press X to confirm.

10.4 The var key

When editing text, you can press V at any time to open the Variables menu. This
menu allows you to access the different variables stored in the memory.
Press O on the desired variable to insert it in your calculation.
Press d to delete the selected variable.
Chapter 11

Toolbox

At any time when editing a calculation or expression, you can press T. A catalogue of
functions will open to help you make more specific calculations.
The Toolbox catalog is divided into several thematic sub‐sections: Calculation, Com‐
plex numbers, Combinatorics, … Choose the calculation you want to perform and press
O. Complete the space between the parentheses with the arguments you need for each
function.
The first three functions in the Toolbox catalogue are: Absolute value, n‐th root and
Logarithm to base a.

abs(x) Calculates the absolute value of the argument you enter in parentheses. abs(-4.5)
gives the value of | −4.5 |, that is 4.5.

root(x,n) Calculates the n‐th root of a number. You must enter n and x in parenthe‐
√
ses. root(x,n) gives the value of n x. The value of n doesn’t have to be an integer.

log(x,a) Calculates the logarithm to base a. You must enter a and x in parentheses.
log(x,a) gives the value of loga (x).

11.1 Calculation
diff(f(x),x,a) Calculates the derivative of a function at a point. diff(f(x),a) gives
the value of f ′ (a). For example, to calculate the derivative of a square root at 5: diff(sqrt(x),x,5).

int(f(x),x,a,b) Calculates the integral of a function between two bounds. int(f(x),x,a,b)

∫b
gives the value of a f (x) dx. For example, to calculate the integral of the square root
between 0 and 5: int(sqrt(x),x,0,5).

53
CHAPTER 11. TOOLBOX 54

sum(f(n),n,nmin,nmax)
∑nmax Calculates the sums of terms in n. sum(f(n),n,nmin,nmax)
gives the value of n=nmin f (n).

product(f(n),n,nmin,nmax)
∏ max Calculates the products of terms in n. product(f(n),n,nmin,nmax)
gives the value of nn=nmin
f (n).

11.2 Complex numbers

abs(x) Absolute value of a complex number. abs(2+3i)gives the value of | 2 + 3i |.

arg(z) Argument of a complex number. arg(2+3i) gives the value of arg(2 + 3i) in
radians.

re(z) Real part of a complex number. For instance, re(2+3i) returns 2.

im(z) Imaginary part of a complex number. For instance, im(2+3i) returns 3.

conj(z) Conjugate of a complex number. conj(2+3i) returns the conjugate of 2 + 3i,

that 2 − 3i.

11.3 Combinatorics
binomial(n,k) Number of ways to choose a subset of size (k elements,
) disregarding
n n!
their order, from a set of n elements. binomial(n,k) returns , that is k!(n−k)! .
k

permute(n,k) Number of different ordered arrangements of a k‐element subset of an

n!
n‐set. permute(n,k) returns Akn , that is (n−k)! .

11.4 Probability
11.4.1 Normal distribution
normcdf(a,µ,�^2) P (X < a) where X follows the normal distribution N (µ, σ 2 ).

normcdf2(a,b,µ,�^2) P (a < X < b) where X follows the normal distribution N (µ, σ 2 ).

CHAPTER 11. TOOLBOX 55

invnorm(a,µ,�^2) Returns m where P (X < m) = a and X follows the normal distri‐

bution N (µ, σ 2 ).

normpdf(x,µ,�^2) Probability density function of N (µ, σ 2 ).

11.4.2 Binomial distribution

binompdf(m,n,p) P (X = m) where X follows the binomial distribution B(n, p).

binomcdf(m,n,p) P (X ≤ m) where X follows the binomial distribution B(n, p).

invbinom(a,n,p) Returns m where P (X ≤ m) = a and X follows the binomial distri‐

bution B(n, p).

11.5 Arithmetic
gcd(p,q) Greatest Common Divisor of two integers. For instance, gcd(55,11) returns
11.

lcm(p,q) Least Common Multiple of two integers. For instance, lcm(13,2) returns
26.

factor(n) Integer factorization of n. For instance, factor(24)returns 23 × 3.

rem(p,q) Remainder of the Euclidian division of p by q. For instance, rem(50,45)

returns the remainder of the division of 50 by 45 that is 5.

quo(p,q) Quotient of the Euclidian division of p by q. For instance, quo(80,39) re‐

turns the quotient of the division of 80 by 39 that is 2.

11.6 Matrix
inverse(M)
[ ] Inverse of the matrix M. For instance, inverse([[0.25,0][0,0.25]])returns
4 0
.
0 4

det(M) Determinant of the matrix M. For instance, det([[1,2][3,4]]) returns −2.

CHAPTER 11. TOOLBOX 56

transpose(M)
[ ]Transpose of the matrix M. For instance, transpose([[1,2][3,4]])
1 3
returns .
2 4

trace(M) Trace of the matrix M. For instance, trace([[1,2][3,4]]) returns 5.

dim(M) Size of the matrix M. For instance, dim([[1,2][3,4]]) returns [2,2].

11.7 Random and approximation

random() Generates a random number between 0 and 1.

randint(a,b) Generates a random integer between a and b.

floor(x) Floor function. For instance, floor(5.8) returns 5.

frac(x) Fractional part. For instance, frac(5.8) returns 0.8.

ceil(x) Ceiling function. For instance, ceil(5.8) returns 6.

round(x,n) Rounds a number to n digits after the decimal point. For instance round(8.6576,2)
returns 8.66.

11.8 Hyperbolic trigonometry

cosh(x) Hyperbolic cosine.

sinh(x) Hyperbolic sine.

tanh(x) Hyperbolic tangent.

acosh(x) Inverse hyperbolic cosine.

asinh(x) Inverse hyperbolic sine.

atanh(x) Inverse hyperbolic tangent.

CHAPTER 11. TOOLBOX 57

11.9 Prediction interval

[ √ √
p(1−p) p(1
prediction95(p,n) Prediction interval 95%. prediction95(p,n) returns p − 1.96 √
n
;p + 1.96 √

[prediction(p,n) ] Approximation of the prediction interval. prediction(p,n) returns

p − √n ; p + √n .
1 1

[ ]
confidence(f,n) 95% confidence interval. confidence(f,n) returns f − √1 ; f
n
+ √1
n
.