CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter shows the approach that will be used in conducting the study,

the research design, the locale of the study, the research participants, the

research tools, data gathering procedure, qualitative analysis, rigors of qualitative

research and ethical considerations used by the researcher in conducting the

study.

Research Design

Latest study conducted by (Aspers and Corte, 2019) states that

qualitative research as an iterative process in which improved

understanding to the scientific community is achieved by making new

significant distinctions resulting from getting closer to the phenomenon

studied.

Locale of the Study

This study was conducted at Irineo L. Santiago National High School of Metro

Dadiangas, Niyog St. Extension, Magsaysay Avenue, General Santos City on the

year 2019-2020. Irineo L. Santiago National High School of Metro Dadiangas

offers Tech-Voc in Senior High School.

Tech-Voc Track composed of Computer System Servicing, Smaw, Bread and

Pastry Production, Dress Making, etc.

Participants

The participants of this study are composed of 7 teachers and 2 staffs in

Irineo L Santiago National High School of Metro Dadiangas. Each participant was

chosen base on their characteristic and the objective of the study through

purposive sampling.

Non Probability sampling unlike probability sampling does not offer

all the subjects equal chances of being selected. True random sampling is

always difficult to perform because the researchers are bound by time,

money and other constraints which inevitably lead to them using another

sampling technique called non probability sampling. The central

characteristic of non-probability sampling is that the researcher selects his

subjects based on his subjective judgment and not using random methods.

Accessibility of the subjects becomes a primary factor affecting whether a

subject will be selected or not. There is a downside to non-probability

sampling due to which many researchers consider it an inferior method as

compared to probability sampling. Since an unknown proportion of the

population was not sampled, the sampled subset may or may not be

entirely representative of the entire population. It is why to generalise such

results to the entire population is not possible. However, despite this

shortcoming, there are both theoretical and practical reasons behind the

use of non-probability sampling (Pratap, 2018). a voluntary response sample

is mainly based on ease of access. Instead of the researcher choosing

participants and directly contacting them, people volunteer themselves (e.g. by

responding to a public online survey voluntary response samples are always at

least somewhat biased, as some people will inherently be more likely to

volunteer than others (McCombes, 2019). The researchers used Purposive

Sampling in which the researchers will select 10 participants from teachers and 2

staffs in Irineo L Santiago National High School of Metro Dadiangas base on the

objective of the study and their characteristics which they had the background

about the study for them to able to answer the following questions.

Research Instrumentation

The views or insights of the students and staffs regarding the usage of

Solar Panel in the school was, determined through interview guide in which the

participants answered the questions given by the researchers. This was validated

by two advisers that are known to this field.

During the conduct of the study, the researchers used face-to-face

interview also called in-person interview in gathering data. Face-to-face interview

is a survey method that was utilized in a specific target of populations that

involved. The purpose of conducting a face-to-face interview was to explore the

responses of the people to gather more and deeper information (Sincero).

Data Gathering Procedure

The following steps are to be done by the researchers during the conduct

of the study:

1. Initial stage

The researcher wrote a letter to the Principal to get approval regarding the

conduct of the study. The researchers met the participants before the actual

interview and asked permission and asked about their availability and show

them the questions that were being asked to them during the actual interview

and gain their trust that avoids offensive questions.

2. Actual Implementation Stage

In this stage, the researchers met up with the participants based on the

time they are available and conduct the interview guided by the interview

guide using face-to-face interview. During the conduct of the study, the

researchers were using a phone in recording the responses of the

participants to the questions that were given by the researchers.

The researchers chose the participants of the study according to the

following criteria: a) should be a staff in Irineo L Santiago NHMD; b) male or

female; c) should be teaching in the school for about five years and above; d)

should be willing to participate in the study.

There are 2 staffs’ ad 7 faculties from the school that was chosen to

participate in conducting the study. The participants were asked honestly and

openly answered the questions that was given by the researchers.

3. Post Implementation Stage

In this stage, the researchers transcribed the data using Colaizzi’s Seven

Steps of Phenomenological Analysis gathered from the Actual Interview.

Qualitative Analysis

In analysing and interpreting the data, the researchers will use Collaizzi’s

seven steps of phenomenological analysis which includes the following steps

(Schoenhoer (2016) :

1. The researchers read the transcribed data several times to acquire

feelings out of it.

2. The researchers reviewed the data and extracted significant statements

out from it.

3. The researchers created, formulated, and interpreted meaning of each

significant statement.

4. The researchers organized the formulated meaning into cluster of themes.

5. The researchers developed or combined the results to form exhaustive

description of the phenomenon under study that is unquestionable

statement.
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6. The researchers identified the fundamental structured of the

phenomenon.

7. The researchers asked the participants about the findings thus far as a

final validating step.

Rigors of Qualitative Research

In proving the reliability and credibility of a research study, Lincoln and

Guba (1980), proposed the trustworthiness of a research study is important to

evaluating its worth and making the study essential. Trustworthiness involves

establishing:

1. Credibility- It essentially asks the researchers to clearly link the study’s

findings with reality in order to demonstrate the truth of the research

study’s findings. Therefore, it establishes the truthfulness of a research

study through asking the participants permission to share their insights

and experiences regarding the use of solar panel.

2. Dependability- This refers to the consistency of the data means whether

the conclusions would be consistent if the inquiry were repeated with the

same subject matter or in a similar context. This means that the procedure

that is used in this study is repeatable whenever possible. This helps

proves the reliability of the study.

3. Confirmability- This refers to the neutrality of the research study. It means

that the research findings are based on the participant’s responses and

not of the beliefs, theories, and biases of the researchers. This establishes

the objectivity of the research study.

4. Transferability- This refers to which the participants have the ability to

generalize the results of the research study to her or his own context. This

means that the researchers should be able to transcribe the data in which

it will reach the participant’s description or responses to the questions that

were given by the researchers.

Ethical Considerations

There are several things to be considered in working with qualitative

research which will manage and guide the researcher’s behaviour during the

conduct of the study. Research ethics specifically refers in the analysis of ethical

issues that are raised when people are involved as participants in research. This

also includes the rules or policies that are significant to the researchers as they

analyse and interpret the data gathered. This includes the Honesty in which the

researchers are not allowed to fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data, Objectivity

which refers to the avoidance of biases in data analysis and interpretation,

Integrity, Carefulness, Openness, Respect for Intellectual Property,

Confidentiality, Responsible Publication and Mentoring, Respect for Colleagues,

Social Responsibility, Non-Discrimination, and Competence.

During the conduct of the study, the researchers were being careful not to

offend the participants and respect the participant’s privacy. The participants

responses were be carefully taken care of and confidentially treated.

To gain the trust of the participants, they are informed regarding the

conduct of the study before the actual interview and right after the permission

was given by the principal. The researchers thoroughly explained to the

participants the purposed and importance of the conduct of the study and how

the participants responded that contributed to the improvement of the subject of

the study.

In the transcribing of the data, the participants were assured that the ideas

and informations they shared was really shown in the final transcription. The

participants are part of the review of the finality of the study.