Air India Database Design

DBMS (CSN-351)

Group Number - 1

Abhishek Jaisingh 14114002

Amandeep 14114008

Tirth Patel 14114036

​Table of Contents

ER Diagram 2

Assumptions 2

Initial Schema Diagram 3

Tables with FDs 4

Final Schema Diagram 8

Basic Operations with SQL queries and results 9

1
ER diagram

Assumptions
1. There is a route code table not listed as separate table in our design, which has
information about all the intermediate airports in a journey with specific route code.
2. A person can only book 1 ticket per transaction. A new transaction is required again to
book more tickets.
3. Fare for the each flight in AirFare table is calculated separately using the Route of the
flight.

2
Initial Schema diagram

3
Tables with functional dependencies
Country [BCNF]

Primary Key: CtID

CtID → CountryName

CREATE TABLE ​`Country`

(
`CtID`​ INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`CountryName`​ varchar​(​32​)​ NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ​(​`CtID`)
);

State [BCNF]

Primary Key: StID

StID → StateName | Country

CREATE TABLE ​`State`

(
`StID`​ INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT UNIQUE,
`StateName`​ varchar​(​32​)​ NOT NULL,
`Country`​ INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ​(​`StID`​),
FOREIGN KEY ​(​`Country`​)​ REFERENCES ​`Country`​(​`CtID`)
);

Contact_Details [BCNF]

Primary Key: CnID

CnID → Email | Mobile | State

CREATE TABLE ​`Contact_Details`

(
`CnID`​ INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Email`​ varchar​(​50​)​ NOT NULL,
`Mobile`​ varchar​(​16​)​ NOT NULL,
`State`​ INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ​(​`CnID`​),
FOREIGN KEY ​(​`State`​)​ REFERENCES ​`State`​(​`StID`)

4
 );

Passenger [BCNF]

Primary Key: PsID

PsID → Name | Address | Age | Nationality | Contacts

CREATE TABLE ​`Passenger`

(
`PsID`​ INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Name`​ varchar​(​32​)​ NOT NULL,
`Address`​ varchar​(​64​)​ NOT NULL,
`Age`​ INT NOT NULL,
`Nationality`​ varchar​(​16​)​ NOT NULL,
`Contacts`​ INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ​(​`PsID`​),
FOREIGN KEY ​(​`Contacts`​)​ REFERENCES ​`Contact_Details`​(​`CnID`)
);

Transaction [BCNF]

Primary Key: TsID

TsID → BookingDate | Passenger | Flight

CREATE TABLE ​`Transaction`

(
`TsID`​ INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`BookingDate`​ DATETIME NOT NULL,
`Passenger`​ INT NOT NULL,
`Flight`​ INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ​(​`TsID`​),
FOREIGN KEY ​(​`Passenger`​)​ REFERENCES ​`Passenger`​(​`PsID`​),
FOREIGN KEY ​(​`Flight`​)​ REFERENCES ​`Flight_Schedule`​(​`FlID`)
);

Flight_Schedule [2NF]

Primary Key: FlID

FlID → FlightDate | Departure | Arrival | AirCraft | NetFare

Departure → FlightDate

5
 CREATE TABLE ​`Flight_Schedule`
(
`FlID`​ INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`FlightDate`​ DATE NOT NULL,
`Departure`​ DATETIME NOT NULL,
`Arrival`​ DATETIME NOT NULL,
`AirCraft`​ INT NOT NULL,
`NetFare`​ INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ​(​`FlID`​),
FOREIGN KEY ​(​`AirCraft`​)​ REFERENCES ​`AirCraft`​(​`AcID`​),
FOREIGN KEY ​(​`NetFare`​)​ REFERENCES ​`AirFare`​(​`AfID`)
);

Note : This table is in 2NF due to the derivation of FlightDate from Departure attribute
which is trivial. Removing this dependency by adding extra table only for FlightDate
enhances the overhead for queries. Keeping it in this form results in very little reduction
in memory efficiency.

AirFare [BCNF]

Primary Key: AfID

AfID → Route | Fare

CREATE TABLE ​`AirFare`

(
`AfID`​ INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Route`​ INT NOT NULL,
`Fare`​ INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ​(​`AfID`​),
FOREIGN KEY ​(​`Route`​)​ REFERENCES ​`Route`​(​`RtID`)
);

Route [BCNF]

Primary Key: RtID

RtID → Airport | Destination | RouteCode

CREATE TABLE ​`Route`

(
`RtID`​ INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Airport`​ varchar​(​32​)​ NOT NULL,
`Destination`​ varchar​(​32​)​ NOT NULL,
`RouteCode`​ varchar​(​16​)​ NOT NULL UNIQUE,
PRIMARY KEY ​(​`RtID`)

6
 );

Note : Here RouteCode will be is unique number recognizing the route of the flight
between given 2 airports.

AirCraft [2NF]

Primary Key: AcID

AcID → Ac_Type | Capacity | Mfg_Date

Ac_Type → Capacity

Note : To convert into ​BCNF​, this table is decomposed into 2 new following tables
AirCraft​ and ​AirCraft_Type.​

AirCraft [BCNF] (from decomposition)

Primary Key: AcID

AcID → Ac_Type | Ac_Type | Mfg_Date

CREATE TABLE ​`AirCraft`

(
`AcID`​ INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Ac_Type`​ INT NOT NULL,
`Mfg_Date`​ DATE NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ​(​`AcID`​),
FOREIGN KEY ​(​`Ac_Type`​)​ REFERENCES ​`AirCraft_Type`​(​`ActID`)
);

AirCraft_Type [BCNF] (from decomposition)

Primary Key: ActID

ActID → Type | Capacity

CREATE TABLE ​`AirCraft_Type`

(
`ActID`​ INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Type`​ varchar​(​32​)​ NOT NULL,
`Capacity`​ INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY ​(​`ActID`)
);

7
Final Schema Diagram

This is final schema diagram after decomposition. These 10 tables are made in our Air India
database design.

8
Basic Operations
Here are some basic operations listed that our database provides. Each functionality is shown
with corresponding sample SQL query and screenshot.

1. List all the aircrafts older than '2' years (can be used for expiry dates or
maintenance date)

SELECT ​AcID​,​ ​Mfg_Date​,​ ​Type

FROM ​AirCraft​ INNER JOIN ​AirCraft_Type​ ON ​(​AirCraft​.​Ac_Type​ ​=​ ​AirCraft_Type​.​ActID​)
WHERE YEAR​(​CURDATE​())​ ​-​ YEAR​(​Mfg_Date​)​ ​>​ 2

2. List all the flights in database from airport 'New Delhi' to airport 'Bangalore'

SELECT ​FlId​,​ ​FlightDate​,​ ​Fare​,​ ​Departure​,​ ​Arrival

FROM ​((​Flight_Schedule​ INNER JOIN ​AirFare​ ON ​(​Flight_Schedule​.​NetFare​ ​=​ ​AirFare​.​AfID​)))
INNER JOIN ​Route​ ON ​(​Route​ ​=​ ​RtID​)
WHERE ​Airport​ ​=​ ​'New Delhi'​ AND ​Destination​ ​=​ ​'Bangalore'

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3. List all the passengers for flight no. '5'

SELECT NAME​,​ ​Age​,​ ​Mobile

FROM ​Transaction​ INNER JOIN ​Passenger​ ON ​(​Transaction​.​Passenger​ ​=​ ​PsID​)
INNER JOIN ​Contact_Details​ ON ​(​Contacts​ ​=​ ​CnID​)
WHERE ​Flight​ ​=​ ​5
ORDER BY NAME

4. List all the minor (age less than 18) travelling in flight no. '5'

SELECT ​Name​,​ ​Age​,​ ​Mobile​,​ ​Address​,​ ​StateName​,​ ​CountryName

FROM ​Transaction​ INNER JOIN ​Passenger​ ON ​(​Transaction​.​Passenger​ ​=​ ​PsID​)
INNER JOIN ​Contact_Details​ ON ​(​Contacts​ ​=​ ​CnID​)
INNER JOIN ​State​ ON ​(​State​ ​=​ ​StID​)
INNER JOIN ​Country​ ON ​(​CtID​ ​=​ ​Country)
WHERE ​Flight​ ​=​ ​5​ AND ​Age​ ​<​ ​18
ORDER BY NAME​,​ ​Age

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5. Total Fare collected from date '2016-10-01' to date '2016-10-20'

SELECT SUM​(​Fare​)
FROM ​Transaction​ INNER JOIN ​Flight_Schedule​ ON ​(​Flight​ ​=​ ​FlID​)
INNER JOIN ​AirFare​ ON ​(​NetFare​ ​=​ ​AfID​)
WHERE DATE ​(​BookingDate​)​ BETWEEN ​'2016-10-01'​ AND ​'2016-10-20'

6. Total number of tickets booked from date '2016-10-10' to date '2016-11-25'

SELECT COUNT​(​PsID​)​ AS ​Tickets

FROM ​Transaction​ INNER JOIN ​Passenger​ ON ​(​Transaction​.​Passenger​ ​=​ ​PsID​)
INNER JOIN ​Contact_Details​ ON ​(​Contacts​ ​=​ ​CnID​)
WHERE DATE ​(​BookingDate​)​ BETWEEN ​'2016-10-10'​ AND ​'2016-11-25';

7. Number of persons travelling airport 'New Delhi' from date '2016-11-1' to date
'2016-11-30'

SELECT COUNT​(​PsID​)​ AS NUM_CUSTOMERS

FROM ​Route​ INNER JOIN ​AirFare​ ON ​(​RtID​ ​=​ ​Route​)
INNER JOIN ​Flight_Schedule​ ON ​(​AfID​ ​=​ ​NetFare​)
INNER JOIN ​Transaction​ ON ​(​Flight​ ​=​ ​FlID​)
INNER JOIN ​Passenger​ ON ​(​Transaction​.​Passenger​ ​=​ ​PsID​)
INNER JOIN ​Contact_Details​ ON ​(​Contacts​ ​=​ ​CnID​)
WHERE DATE ​(​FlightDate​)​ BETWEEN ​'2016-11-1'​ AND ​'2016-11-30'​ AND ​Airport​ ​=​ ​'New Delhi';

11
8. Number of persons reaching at 'New Delhi' from date '2016-11-1' to date
'2016-11-30'

SELECT COUNT​(​PsID​)​ AS NUM_CUSTOMERS

FROM ​Route​ INNER JOIN ​AirFare​ ON ​(​RtID​ ​=​ ​Route​)
INNER JOIN ​Flight_Schedule​ ON ​(​AfID​ ​=​ ​NetFare​)
INNER JOIN ​Transaction​ ON ​(​Flight​ ​=​ ​FlID​)
INNER JOIN ​Passenger​ ON ​(​Transaction​.​Passenger​ ​=​ ​PsID​)
INNER JOIN ​Contact_Details​ ON ​(​Contacts​ ​=​ ​CnID​)
WHERE DATE ​(​FlightDate​)​ BETWEEN ​'2016-11-1'​ AND ​'2016-11-30'​ AND ​Destination​ ​=​ ​'New Delhi';

9. Number of persons with flights from 'New Delhi' to 'Bangalore' from date
'2016-11-1' to date '2016-11-30'

SELECT COUNT​(​PsID​)​ AS NUM_CUSTOMERS

FROM ​Route​ INNER JOIN ​AirFare​ ON ​(​RtID​ ​=​ ​Route​)
INNER JOIN ​Flight_Schedule​ ON ​(​AfID​ ​=​ ​NetFare​)
INNER JOIN ​Transaction​ ON ​(​Flight​ ​=​ ​FlID​)
INNER JOIN ​Passenger​ ON ​(​Transaction​.​Passenger​ ​=​ ​PsID​)
INNER JOIN ​Contact_Details​ ON ​(​Contacts​ ​=​ ​CnID​)
WHERE DATE ​(​FlightDate​)​ BETWEEN ​'2016-11-1'​ AND ​'2016-11-30'​ AND ​Airport​ ​=​ ​'New Delhi'
AND ​Destination​ ​=​ ​'Bangalore';

10. Provide State wise analysis of sales of flight tickets

SELECT ​StateName​,​ ​Count​(​PsID​)​ AS ​Tickets

FROM ​Transaction​ INNER JOIN ​Passenger​ ON ​(​Transaction​.​Passenger​ ​=​ ​PsID​)
INNER JOIN ​Contact_Details​ ON ​(​Contacts​ ​=​ ​CnID​)
INNER JOIN ​State​ ON ​(​State​ ​=​ ​StID​)
GROUP BY ​StateName
ORDER BY ​Count​(​PsID​)​ DESC;

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