User Requirements PDF
User Requirements PDF
Establishing Requirements.
Interaction Design, Chapter 7
Tempe Kraus
Yongjie Zheng
• Summary
• Additional References
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In the beginning... What are we trying to achieve?
• Identifying needs:
– Understand as much as possible about the users, as well as their work and the context of their
work.
– System under development should support users in achieving their goals.
• Establishing requirements:
– Building upon the needs identified, produce a set of requirements.
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What are requirements?
• Interaction design requires us to understand both the functionality required and the
constraints for development or operation of the product.
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Categories of requirements
Category Description
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Choosing between data gathering techniques, continued
• Example: the design of an ATM vs. the design of a system to support back-room
workers at a bank who are reconciling the machine register with the customers’
deposit slip.
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Basic data gathering guidelines
• Understand what you are really looking for (though compromise may be needed).
• Carefully consider the means used to record the data during a face-to-face data
gathering session.
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Data interpretation and analysis
• Once you have gathered your data, you will need to interpret and analyze it.
– Start interpretation and analysis as soon after the gathering session as possible.
• Interpreting data:
– Begin structuring and recording descriptions of requirements.
– Capture information in documents and diagrams.
– This helps to keep track of context and usage information during the rest of the process.
• Analyzing data:
– Data-flow diagrams, state charts, work-flow charts, etc.
– For object-oriented approaches, can use class diagrams, sequence diagrams, etc.
• We will focus on four techniques that have a user-centered focus and are intended to
understand the users’ goals and tasks.
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Task description and analysis
• User-centered task descriptions are created to understand users’ goals and tasks.
– Scenarios
– Use cases
– Essential use cases
– Task analysis
• Example:
– The shared calendar application
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Task description and analysis, continued
Scenarios
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Task description and analysis, continued
Use Cases
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Task description and analysis, continued
Alternative courses:
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Task description and analysis, continued
Task Analysis
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Task description and analysis, continued
– Entity-Relationship diagrams
– Class diagrams
– Ontologies
– Goals
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Summary
• “Getting the requirements right is crucial to the success of the interactive product.”
• Describing user tasks such as scenarios, use cases and essential use cases can help to
articulate existing user work practices.
– They also help to express envisioned use for new devices.
• Task analysis techniques help to investigate an existing situation, i.e. existing systems
and current practices.
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Additional References
3. Schneiderman, Ben and Plaisant, Catherine; Designing the User Interface, Fourth
Edition; Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA (2005).
4. van Vliet, Hans; Software Engineering: Principles and Practice, First Edition; John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd (2000).
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