12/16/2019 Subnetting Tricks Subnetting Made Easy with Examples

Subnetting Tricks Subnetting Made Easy with

Examples
This tutorial explains Subnetting tricks in detail with 50+ Subnetting examples. Subnetting tricks
explained in this tutorial not only make Subnetting easier but also allow you to answer any
Subnetting related question in less than a minute. Learn Subnetting with examples in easy
language.

Subnetting is one of the most complex and highly tested topics in any Cisco entry level exam and
interview. In other situation, you may use any regular method of Subnetting. But in exam and
interview, where time and accuracy matter, you should always use the easiest and the fastest
methods of Subnetting such as explained in this tutorial.

This tutorial is the fourth part of the article “IP Subnetting in Computer Network Step by
Step Explained with Examples”. Other parts of this article are following.
Network Address Broadcast Address and IP Address Explained
This tutorial is the first part of the article. It explains IP addressing and network addressing such as IP address, subnet mask,
IP address types and IP classes in detail.

Basic Subnetting in Computer Networks Explained

This tutorial is the second part of the article. It explains what Subnetting is and why it is necessary in computer network
along with the advantages of Subnetting.

Subnetting Tutorial - Subnetting Explained with Examples

This tutorial is the third part of the article. It explains the Subnetting concepts and terms such as network id, broadcast id,
total hosts, valid hosts, power of 2, block size and CIDR in detail.

VLSM Subnetting Explained with Examples

This tutorial is the fifth part of the article. It explains what VLSM Subnetting is and how it is done step by step including
differences between FLSM Subnetting and VLSM Subnetting.

VLSM Subnetting Examples and Calculation Explained

This tutorial is the sixth part of the article. It explains VLSM Subnetting examples for Cisco exams and interviews.

Supernetting Tutorial: - Supernetting Explained with Examples

This tutorial is the last part of the article. It explains Supernetting in detail with examples.

Key points of Subnetting

Before we start working with Subnetting examples, let’s have a quick recap of important
Subnetting concepts and terms from previous parts of this tutorial.

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An IP address is the combination of two addresses; network address and host address. Network
address is always written first in sequence. While reading an IP address how much portion should
be treated as network address and how much portion should be treated as host address is decided
by an another address known as Subnet mask.

An IP address is always used with Subnet mask. Without subnet mask an IP address is an
ambiguous address and vice versa.

Both IP address and Subnet mask consists 32 bits. These bits are divided in four octets. Octets are
separated by periods and written in a sequence.

A Subnet mask can be written in two ways; in full form and in abbreviated form. In full form a
decimal value of each octet is written along with IP address. In abbreviated form only the number
of network bits are written along with IP address. Following table lists some examples of both
types.

IP address with full subnet mask IP address with abbreviated subnet mask

10.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/8
255.0.0.0

172.168.1.0 172.168.1.0/16
255.255.0.0

192.168.1.0 192.198.1.0/24
255.255.255.0

In Subnetting questions, mostly second type is used.

There are five IP classes A, B, C, D and E. From these, only first three classes A, B and C are used in
Subnetting. Subnetting cannot be done in class D and E.

In class A, B and C first 8, 16 and 24 bits are reserved for network address respectively. In all three
classes last 2 bits are reserved for host addresses.

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If we exclude reserved network bits and host bits from total IP bits, we will get Subnetting eligible
host bits.

Subnetting can be done only in Subnetting eligible host bits.

To know how many Subnetting bits are required to create how many networks, we use power of 2.

For example if we want to know many networks can be created from 3 Subnetting bits, we will use
power 2 three times.

23 = 8

We can create 8 networks from 3 Subnetting host bits.

Power of 2

2X Value 2X Value 2X Value 2X Value

1 2 9 512 17 131072 25 33554432

2 4 10 1024 18 262144 26 67108864

3 8 11 2048 19 524288 27 134217728

4 16 12 4096 20 1048576 28 268435456

5 32 13 8192 21 2097152 29 536870912

6 64 14 16384 22 4194304 30 1073741824

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7 128 15 32768 23 8388608 31 2147483648

8 256 16 65536 24 16777216 32 4294967296

In each network first address and last address are always reserved for network address and
broadcast address respectively. Besides these two addresses, all remaining addresses are
considered as valid host addresses.

Subnetting Questions
A Subnetting question can be asked in three ways.

1. Find the number of networks and number of host addresses in each network
2. Find the type of given address, network ID and broadcast ID
3. Build the Subnet mask

Let’s understand the each type of Subnetting question in detail with examples.

Finding the number of networks and host addresses in each

network
In this type of questions, we are asked to find the number of networks and host addresses in each
network from a given address space. Let’s take some examples.

Following table lists 15 imaginary networks. Find the number of networks, total hosts and valid
hosts in each network.

Example Subnetting Questions

10.0.0.0/10 130.0.0.0/18 192.168.1.0/26

20.12.0.0/13 140.50.60.0/20 200.0.0.0/27

78.59.12.0/16 172.168.1.0/24 210.200.0.0/28

112.15.0.0/24 180.10.20.0/28 215.0.0.0/29

122.14.25.0/28 185.0.0.0/30 220.220.10.0/30

Step 1
Determine the class of the given address space.

If the value of first octet is in range 0-127, 128-191, 192-223 then it belongs to class A, B and C
respectively.

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Subtract the given network bits from the reserved network bits. This will give us the number of host
bits used as network bits in Subnetting.

Number of host bits used in Subnetting = Total bits used in network portion – reserved bits for
network portion

Subtract the given network bits from 32 (total IP bits). This will give us the number of the host bits
remaining in host portion.

Remaining host bits in host portion = 32 – Total bits used in network portion

Given Address Total bits IP Reserved Number of host bits Available bits
space used Class network used in Subnetting in host portion
in bits
network
portion
(Value
after
slash)

10.0.0.0/10 10 A 8 10 - 8 = 2 32 – 10 = 22

20.12.0.0/13 13 A 8 13 – 8 = 5 32 – 13 = 19

78.59.12.0/16 16 A 8 16 – 8 = 8 32 – 16 = 16

112.15.0.0/24 24 A 8 24 – 8 = 16 32 – 24 = 8

122.14.25.0/28 28 A 8 28 – 8 = 20 32 – 28 = 4

130.0.0.0/18 18 B 16 18 – 16 = 2 32 – 18 = 14

140.50.60.0/20 20 B 16 20 – 16 = 4 32 – 20 = 12

172.168.1.0/24 24 B 16 24 – 16 = 8 32 – 24 = 8

180.10.20.0/28 28 B 16 28 – 16 = 12 32 – 28 = 4

185.0.0.0/30 30 B 16 30 – 16 = 14 32 – 30 = 2

192.168.1.0/26 26 C 24 26 - 24 = 2 32 – 26 = 6

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200.0.0.0/27 27 C 24 27 – 24 = 3 32 – 27 = 5

210.200.0.0/28 28 C 24 28 – 24 = 4 32 – 28 = 4

215.0.0.0/29 29 C 24 29 – 24 = 5 32 – 29 = 3

220.220.10.0/30 30 C 24 30 – 24 = 6 32 – 30 = 2

Once we know how many bits are used in Subnetting to create the additional networks, we can use
following formulas to calculate number of networks, total hosts and valid hosts.

Number of networks (subnet) = 2N

Number of total host addresses in each network = 2H
Number of valid host addresses in each network = 2H – 2

Here N is the number of host bits used in Subnetting and H is the available host bits.

Given Address Host bits Available Networks Total Valid hosts

used host bits (Subnets) hosts
in
Subnetting

10.0.0.0/10 2 22 4 (22) 4194304 4194302

(222) (4194304 – 2)

20.12.0.0/13 5 19 32 (25) 524288 524286 (524288

(219) - 2)

78.59.12.0/16 8 16 256 (28) 65536 65534 (65536 -

(216) 2)

112.15.0.0/24 16 8 65536 (216) 256 (28) 254 (256 - 2)

122.14.25.0/28 20 4 1048576 16 (24) 14 (16 - 2)

(220)

130.0.0.0/18 2 14 4 (22) 16384 16382 (16384

(214) -2)

140.50.60.0/20 4 12 16 (24) 4096 4094 (4096 -2)

(212)
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172.168.1.0/24 8 8 256 (28) 256 (28) 254 (256 -2)

180.10.20.0/28 12 4 4096 (212) 16 (24) 14 (16 -2)

185.0.0.0/30 14 2 16384 (214) 4 (22) 2 (4 -2)

192.168.1.0/26 2 6 4 (22) 64 (26) 62 (64 -2)

200.0.0.0/27 3 5 8 (23) 32 (25) 30 (32 -2)

210.200.0.0/28 4 4 16 (24) 16 (24) 14 (16 - 2)

215.0.0.0/29 5 3 32 (25) 8 (23) 6 (8 -2)

220.220.10.0/30 6 2 64 (26) 4 (22) 2 (4 -2)

Finding address type, network ID and broadcast ID

In this type of questions, we are asked to figure out the address type, network ID and broadcast ID
from a given address. Let’s take some examples.

Find the address type, network ID and broadcast ID of following addresses.

Example Subnetting Questions

10.0.0.0/8 50.100.255.255/20 150.60.180.0/19 192.168.1.240/25

10.48.0.0/12 1.1.8.255/23 160.0.39.255/21 200.20.10.191/26

20.42.255.255/13 100.100.100.110/25 172.168.8.0/24 210.200.20.100/27

30.6.1.0/16 110.80.20.128/27 180.78.0.64/28 215.0.0.47/28

40.60.240.0/17 120.20.30.15/30 185.0.0.26/29 220.10.10.50/29

Step 1
Find the interesting octet and make two new addresses from the given address in rough area of
worksheet as explained following: -

If octet comes before the interesting octet, write it as it is.

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If octet comes after the interesting octet, in first address write 0 and in second address write
255.
In interesting octet write a placeholder character “X”.

Interesting octet is the octet in which given network bits separate from host bits. To find it, see
the value after slash. If value is in range 1-8, 9-16, 17-24 and 25-32 then the interesting octet is
first octet, second octet, third octet and fourth octet respectively.

Given Address Value after Interesting First address Second

slash octet Address

10.0.0.0/8 /8 First (1-8) X.0.0.0 X.255.255.255

10.48.0.0/12 /12 Second (9-16) 10.X.0.0 10.X.255.255

20.42.255.255/13 /13 Second (9-16) 20.X.0.0 20.X.255.255

30.6.1.0/16 /16 Second (9-16) 30.X.0.0 30.X.255.255

40.60.240.0/17 /17 Third (17-24) 40.60.X.0 40.60.X.255

50.100.255.255/20 /20 Third (17 -24) 50.100.X.0 50.100.X.255

1.1.8.255/23 /23 Third (17-24) 1.1.X.0 1.1.X.255

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100.100.100.110/25 /25 Fourth (25 -32) 100.100.100.X 100.100.100.X

110.80.20.128/27 /27 Fourth (25-32) 110.80.20.X 110.80.20.X

120.20.30.15/30 /30 Fourth (25-32) 120.20.30.X 120.20.30.X

150.60.180.0/19 /19 Third (17-24) 150.60.X.0 150.60.X.255

160.0.39.255/21 /21 Third (17-24) 160.0.X.0 160.0.X.255

172.168.8.0/24 /24 Third (17-24) 172.168.X.0 172.168.X.255

180.78.0.64/28 /28 Fourth (25-32) 180.78.0.X 180.78.0.X

185.0.0.26/29 /29 Fourth (25-32) 185.0.0.X 185.0.0.X

192.168.1.240/25 /25 Fourth (25-32) 192.168.1.X 192.168.1.X

200.20.10.191/26 /26 Fourth (25-32) 200.20.10.X 200.20.10.X

210.200.20.100/27 /27 Fourth (25-32) 210.200.20.X 210.200.20.X

215.0.0.47/28 /28 Fourth (25-32) 215.0.0.X 215.0.0.X

220.10.10.50/29 /29 Fourth (25-32) 220.10.10.X 220.10.10.X

Step 2
Based on interesting octet, subtract after slash value form the upper value of octet range.

Subtract it from 8 if interesting octet is the first octet.

Subtract it from 16 if interesting octet is the second octet.
Subtract it from 24 if interesting octet is the third octet.
Subtract it from 32 if interesting octet is the fourth octet.

Given Address Value after Interesting Upper value of Subtraction

slash octet range

10.0.0.0/8 /8 First(1-8) 8 8–8=0

10.48.0.0/12 /12 Second (9-16) 16 16 – 12 = 4

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20.42.255.255/13 /13 Second (9-16) 16 16 – 13 = 3

30.6.1.0/16 /16 Second (9-16) 16 16 – 16 = 0

40.60.240.0/17 /17 Third (17-24) 24 24 – 17 = 7

50.100.255.255/20 /20 Third (17 -24) 24 24 - 20 = 4

1.1.8.255/23 /23 Third (17-24) 24 24 – 23 = 1

100.100.100.110/25 /25 Fourth (25 -32) 32 32 – 25 = 7

110.80.20.128/27 /27 Fourth (25-32) 32 32 – 27= 5

120.20.30.15/30 /30 Fourth (25-32) 32 32 – 30 = 2

150.60.180.0/19 /19 Third (17-24) 24 24 – 19 = 5

160.0.39.255/21 /21 Third (17-24) 24 24 – 21 = 3

172.168.8.0/24 /24 Third (17-24) 24 24 – 24 = 0

180.78.0.64/28 /28 Fourth (25-32) 32 32 – 28 = 4

185.0.0.26/29 /29 Fourth (25-32) 32 32 – 29 = 3

192.168.1.240/25 /25 Fourth (25-32) 32 32 – 25 = 7

200.20.10.191/26 /26 Fourth (25-32) 32 32 – 26 = 6

210.200.20.100/27 /27 Fourth (25-32) 32 32 – 27 = 5

215.0.0.47/28 /28 Fourth (25-32) 32 32 – 28 = 4

220.10.10.50/29 /29 Fourth (25-32) 32 32 – 29 = 3

Step 3
Use the result of subtraction in following formula to calculate the block size

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Block size = 2result of subtraction

Given Address Interesting octet Result of subtraction Block Size

10.0.0.0/8 First 0 (20) = 1

10.48.0.0/12 Second 4 (24) = 16

20.42.255.255/13 Second 3 (23) = 8

30.6.1.0/16 Second 0 (20) = 1

40.60.240.0/17 Third 7 (27) = 128

50.100.255.255/20 Third 6 (24) = 16

1.1.8.255/23 Third 1 (21) = 2

100.100.100.110/25 Fourth 7 (27) = 128

110.80.20.128/27 Fourth 5 (25) = 32

120.20.30.15/30 Fourth 2 (22) = 4

150.60.180.0/19 Third 5 (25) = 32

160.0.39.255/21 Third 3 (23) = 8

172.168.8.0/24 Third 0 (20) = 1

180.78.0.64/28 Fourth 4 (24 ) = 16

185.0.0.26/29 Fourth 3 (23) = 8

192.168.1.240/25 Fourth 7 (27) = 128

200.20.10.191/26 Fourth 6 (26) = 64

210.200.20.100/27 Fourth 5 (25) = 32

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215.0.0.47/28 Fourth 4 (24) = 16

220.10.10.50/29 Fourth 3 (23) = 8

Step 4
Starting from 0, calculate the block size until the value given in interesting octet does not come in
the range.

In calculation the number 0 is used as the first number. For example if we are calculating block
size 4 then it would be calculated as 0,1,2,3 instead of 1,2,3,4.

Once you got the range in block size which cover the given value in interesting octet, stop the
calculation. For example value in interesting octet is 27 and block size is 8 then the range will be
24-31 (0-7, 8-15, 16-23, 24-31).

Given Address Interesting Interesting Block Range in block size which cover
octet octet value Size the value of interesting octet

10.0.0.0/8 First 10 1 0-0, 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4, 5-5, 6-6, 7-

7, 8-8, 9-9, 10-10

10.48.0.0/12 Second 48 16 0-15, 16-31, 32-47, 48-63

20.42.255.255/13 Second 42 8 0-7, 8-15, 16-23, 24-31, 32-39,

40-47

30.6.1.0/16 Second 6 1 0-0, 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4, 5-5, 6-6

40.60.240.0/17 Third 240 128 0-127, 128-255

50.100.255.255/20 Third 255 16 0-15, 16-31, 32-47,..... 224-239,

240-255

1.1.8.255/23 Third 8 2 0-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9

100.100.100.110/25 Fourth 110 128 0-127,128-255

110.80.20.128/27 Fourth 128 32 0-31, 32-63, 64-95, 96 -127, 128-

159

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120.20.30.15/30 Fourth 15 4 0-3, 4-7, 8-11, 12-15

150.60.180.0/19 Third 180 32 0-31, 32-63, 64-95, 96 -127, 128-

159, 160 - 191

160.0.39.255/21 Third 39 8 0-7, 8-15, 16-23, 24-31, 32-39

172.168.8.0/24 Third 8 1 0-0, 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4, 5-5, 6-6, 7-

7, 8-8

180.78.0.64/28 Fourth 64 16 0-15, 16-31, 32-47, 48-63, 64-79

185.0.0.26/29 Fourth 26 8 0-7, 8-15, 16-23, 24-31

192.168.1.240/25 Fourth 240 128 0-127, 128-255

200.20.10.191/26 Fourth 191 64 0-63, 64-127, 128- 191

210.200.20.100/27 Fourth 100 32 0-31, 32-63, 64-95, 96 -127

215.0.0.47/28 Fourth 47 16 0-15, 16-31, 32-47

220.10.10.50/29 Fourth 50 8 0-7, 8-15, 16-23, 24-31, 32-39,

40-47, 48- 55

Step 5
Update the temporary addresses written in first step as following: -

In first address, replace the placeholder character “X” with the starting value of the range.
In second address, replace the placeholder character “X” with the ending value of the range.
After this update first address and second address will become the network address and broadcast
address of the given address respectively.

Once it’s done, you can easily determine the type of the given address.

If given address exactly matches with the network address then it’s a network address.
If given address exactly matches with the broadcast address then it’s a broadcast address.
If given address is neither a network address nor a broadcast address then it’s a valid host
address.

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Given Address Interesting Interesting Block Network Broadcast

octet octet range address address
value

10.0.0.0/8 First 10 10-10 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255

10.48.0.0/12 Second 48 48-63 10.48.0.0 10.63.255.255

20.42.255.255/13 Second 42 40-47 20.40.0.0 20.47.255.255

30.6.1.0/16 Second 6 6-6 30.6.0.0 30.6.255.255

40.60.240.0/17 Third 240 128- 40.60.128.0 40.60.255.255

255

50.100.255.255/20 Third 255 240- 50.100.240.0 50.100.255.255

255

1.1.8.255/23 Third 8 8-9 1.1.8.0 1.1.9.255

100.100.100.110/25 Fourth 110 0-127 100.100.100.0 100.100.100.127

110.80.20.128/27 Fourth 128 128- 110.80.20.128 110.80.20.159

159

120.20.30.15/30 Fourth 15 12-15 120.20.30.12 120.20.30.15

150.60.180.0/19 Third 180 160 - 150.60.160.0 150.60.191.255

191

160.0.39.255/21 Third 39 32-39 160.0.32.0 160.0.39.255

172.168.8.0/24 Third 8 8-8 172.168.8.0 172.168.8.255

180.78.0.64/28 Fourth 64 64-79 180.78.0.64 180.78.0.79

185.0.0.26/29 Fourth 26 24-31 185.0.0.24 185.0.0.31

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192.168.1.240/25 Fourth 240 128- 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.255

255

200.20.10.191/26 Fourth 191 128- 200.20.10.128 200.20.10.191

191

210.200.20.100/27 Fourth 100 96 210.200.20.96 210.200.20.127

-127

215.0.0.47/28 Fourth 47 32-47 215.0.0.32 215.0.0.47

220.10.10.50/29 Fourth 50 48- 220.10.10.48 220.10.10.55

55

Building the Subnet mask value

In this type of questions, we are asked to build the full subnet mask from an abbreviated subnet
mask. Let’s take some examples.

Find the full subnet mask of following networks.

20.10.30.0/8, 111.187.45.34/14, 162.160.46.24/20, 202.100.20.50/30

Step 1
Find the interesting octet as explained above.

Given network Value after slash Interesting octet

20.10.30.0/8 8 First

111.187.45.34/14 14 Second

162.160.46.24/20 20 Third

202.100.20.50/27 27 Fourth

Step2
In rough area of worksheet, write a temporary subnet mask as following: -

If octet comes before the interesting octet, write 255.

In interesting octet, write “X”.
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If octet comes after the interesting octet, write 0.

Given network Value after slash Interesting octet Temporary mask

20.10.30.0/8 8 First X.0.0.0

111.187.45.34/14 14 Second 255.X.0.0

162.160.46.24/20 20 Third 255.255.X.0

202.100.20.50/27 27 Fourth 255.255.255.X

Step 3
Just like we did above, based on interesting octet, subtract the given value from the upper value of
interesting octet range.

Given network Value after Interesting Interesting octet Subtraction

slash octet range

20.10.30.0/8 8 First 1–8 8–8=0

111.187.45.34/14 14 Second 9 – 16 16 – 14 = 2

162.160.46.24/20 20 Third 17 – 24 24 -20 = 4

202.100.20.50/27 27 Fourth 25 – 32 32 – 27 = 5

Step 4
Use the result of subtraction in following formula to get the octet value
Remainder
Octet value = 256 - 2

Given network Value after Subtraction Calculation Step Calculation step

slash result 1 2

20.10.30.0/8 8 0 20 = 1 256 – 1 = 255

111.187.45.34/14 14 2 22 = 4 256 – 4 = 252

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12/16/2019 Subnetting Tricks Subnetting Made Easy with Examples

162.160.46.24/20 20 4 24 = 16 256 – 16 = 240

202.100.20.50/27 27 5 25 = 32 256 – 32 = 224

Step 5
Replace the “X” with octet value in interesting octet to build the full subnet mask

Given network Value after slash Temporary mask Octet value Subnet mask

20.10.30.0/8 8 X.0.0.0 255 255.0.0.0

111.187.45.34/14 14 255.X.0.0 252 255.252.0.0

162.160.46.24/20 20 255.255.X.0 240 255.255.240.0

202.100.20.50/27 27 255.255.255.X 224 255.255.255.224

That’s all for this for this tutorial. If you need any assistance regarding this tutorial or have any
feedback or comment about this tutorial, please mail me. If you like this tutorial, please don’t
forget to share it through your favorite social network.

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By ComputerNetworkingNotes Updated on 2019-11-14 09:21:22 IST

ComputerNetworkingNotes CCNA Study Guide Subnetting Tricks Subnetting Made Easy

with Examples

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