CHAPTER 4 – MATHEMATICAL REASONING

NAME: CLASS:
Example 1
Determine whether the following sentences are statements.
a) Mathematics is an interesting subject.

b) Drive slowly and carefully.

c) 2x + y

d) 4m + 2m = 6m

e) 5 √3 > 5

Example 2
Complete each of the following statements using the quantifiers ‘all’ or ‘some’ to make the
statement true.
a) ________ factors of 4 are factors of 2.

b) ________ multiple of 10 are multiples of 5.

c) ________ squares are rectangles.

d) ________ acute angles are less than 30⁰.

Example 3
State whether the following statements is true or false.
a) 8 + 2 = 10 and 2 < -3

b) 23 = 6 or 7/2 = 3.5

c) (-4) x (-5) = 20 and -4 > -2

d) -2(3) = 6 or -4 > -5

Example 4
Write two implications from the following compound statement.
a) “ x- g > y – g if and only if x > y

Implication 1: ...........................................................................................

Implication 2: ...........................................................................................

b) x > 0 if and only if x is positive.

 Implication 1: ...........................................................................................

Implication 2: ...........................................................................................

Example 5
Argument Form I
Premise 1: All multiples of 15 are multiples of 3.
Premise 2: 30 is a multiple of 15.
Conclusion: .........................................................................................
Argument Form II
Premise 1: If x = 2, then -5x = -10.
Premise 2: x = 2.
Conclusion: .........................................................................................
Argument Form III
Premise 1: If x = 2, then 2x + 1 = 5.
Premise 2: 2x + 1≠ 5
Conclusion: .........................................................................................

Example 6
a) Given that the volume of a sphere 1⁰ = 1
is 4/3 πr3 where r is the radius of
2⁰ = 1
the sphere, make a conclusion for
the volume of a sphere with 3⁰ = 1
radius 3cm.
4⁰ = 1

b) Make a general conclusion by

MASTERY
inductionEXERCISE
for the following
number pattern:
1.
a) Complete each statement in the answer space with the quantifier “all” or
“some” so that it will become a true statement.

b) State the converse of the following statement and hence, determine whether its
converse is true or false.

If x > 7, then x > 4

 c) Write down Premise 2 to complete the following argument :

Premise 1: If y is less than zero, then y is a negative number.

Premise 2: _________________________________________

Conclusion: -2 is a negative number.

Answer:

a) (i) _____________________of the multiples of 5 are even numbers.

(ii)_____________________hexagons have six sides.

b) _____________________________________________________

c) Premise 2:____________________________________________

2.
a) State whether the sentence below a statement or non-statement ?

x+y=2

b) Complete the following argument.

Premise 1 : All factors of 12 are factors of 24.

Premise 2 : 3 is a factor of 12.

Conclusion :__________________________________________

c) Make a general conclusion by induction for the following number pattern:

102 x 103 = 102+3

104 x 105 = 10 4+5
106 x 107 = 106+7
………………
Answer :

a) __________________________________________________________

b) Conclusion :________________________________________________
 c) Conclusion :________________________________________________

3.
a) State whether each of the following statement is true or false.
(i) 42 = 8 or 3√ − 8 = -2
(ii) -3 x - 4 = 12 and -3 + - 4 = -7
b) Write down premise 1 to complete the following argument.

Premise 1 :_________________________________________________
Premise 2 : 6 x p ≠ 42
Conclusion : p ≠ 7

c) Form a general conclusion by induction for the number sequence 0, 3, 15,63, … which follow
the pattern:

0 = 40 -1
3 = 41 -1
15 = 42 - 1
63 = 43 - 1
……………
Answer :
a) (i)_________________________________________________________

(ii)________________________________________________________

b) Premise 1 :_________________________________________________

c) Conclusion:_________________________________________________

4. a) Determine whether each of the following sentences is a statement.

(i) 9 is a prime number.
(ii) Solve the equation 2x(x – 2) = 0

b) Fill in the suitable quantifier to make the following statement become true.

…………. Prime number are odd

c) Complete the following argument.

Premise 1 : If p is a positive integer, then 4p is a multiple of 2.

Premise 2 : ________________________________________________
 Conclusion : 4p is a multiple of 2.

Answer :

a) (i)____________________________________________________

(ii)____________________________________________________

b) ______________________________________________________

c) Premise 2 :_____________________________________________

5. a) Is the sentence below a statement or non-statement?

3 and 4 are factors of 8

b) Write down two implications based on the following sentence:

x is an even number if and only if only if x can be divided by 2

c) Make a general conclusion by induction for the following number pattern :

2 = (0)2 + 2
3 = (1)2 + 2
6 = (2)2 + 2
11 = (3)2 + 2
Answer :

a) ______________________________________________________

b) Implication 1 :___________________________________________

Implication 2 :___________________________________________

c) ______________________________________________________