Mechanical Department

Internal Combustion Lab. (0620520)

Objectives:
a) To conduct a load test on 4-stroke, single cylinder diesel engine to study its performance under various loads.
b) To plot the following engine performance graphs based on the experiment
Apparatus:
a) TD 202 or TD 212 Four-stroke Diesel Engine Test Bed.
b) Stop watch

Theory:
Single cylinder stationary, constant speed diesel engines are generally quality governed. As such the air supplied to
the engine is not throttled as in the case of S.I. engines. To meet the power requirements of the shaft, the quantity
of fuel injected into the cylinder is varied by the rack in the fuel pump. The rack is usually controlled by a governor or
by a hand. The air flow rate of single cylinder engine operating at constant speed does not vary appreciably with the
output of the engine. Since the fuel flow rate varies more or less linearly with output, the fuel air ratio increases with
output. Performance tests can be conducted either at constant speed (or) at constant throttle. The constant speed
method yields the Frictional Power of the engine.

Procedure:
1. Make sure that the Test Engine Fuel Tank has enough fuel for the test.
2. Switch on the electrical and water supplies to the TD-200 Test Bed.
3. Open the fuel taps on your fuel gauge to allow fuel to flow to the Test engine. If necessary, tap the fuel line to
remove an air bubble.
4. Adjust the engine rack (speed control) to half way.
5. Slowly pull out the engine start handle until you feel resistance, then slowly let the start handle to return back to
it’s original position.
6. Make sure you are in a stable position with both hands on the starter handle.
7. Firmly and quickly pull out the starting handle. The engine should start. Keep your hand on the starting handle
and allow it to return back down to the engine, then let it go.
8. If the engine does not start then repeats steps 5,6 and 7.
9. Allow the engine to run for few minutes until it reaches normal operating temperature and runs steadily.
10. Note the following readings carefully:
a. Engine speed (rpm)
b. Torque (N/m).
c. Time for 8 ml of fuel consumption (s).
11.Repeat the above procedure at different engine speeds. Use the engine rack to reduce the speed.
12. After taking the readings use the engine rack to reduce the engine speed to a stop.
13. Turn off the fuel supply to the engine.

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Eng. Azad F. Otoum
 Mechanical Department
Internal Combustion Lab. (0620520)
Data Collection Table:
Engine Fuel

Engine Engine torque Fuel Volume time

Calculation Table:
BP mf QIN th s.f.c
[W] [kg /sec.] [W] [%] [kg/MJ]

Calculation Procedures:
a) Engine Brake power: An engine produces power by providing a rotating shaft which can exert a given amount
of torque on a load at a given rpm.
BP = 2πNT
where:
N : is revolution per second
T : is torque (N/m)
BP : in watts

b) Fuel Flow Rate: Fuel flow rate is the measurement of the amount of fuel per unit time that flows through a
particular device.
where:
⍴f = density of fuel (kg/m³)
V = volume of fuel consumed (m³)
t = time of fuel consumption (s)

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Eng. Azad F. Otoum
 Mechanical Department
Internal Combustion Lab. (0620520)
c) Heat of Combustion: The heat of combustion is the energy released as heat when a compound undergoes
complete combustion with oxygen under standard condition.
Qin = mf . QHV
where, QHV(Calorific value of fuel)= 39 (MJ/kg)

d) Specific Fuel Consumption: The mass flow rate of fuel required to produce a unit of power or thrust, for
example, kg per kW-hr is abbreviated as SFC.
mass fuel flow (in kg/s) = fuel density (kg/m³) x fuel volume flow rate (m³/s)
specific fuel consumption = mf / BP

e) Thermal Efficiency: This is the ratio of the heat of combustion from fuel against the useful mechanical power
developed by the engine.
Ƞth= (BP/Qin)x 100

Graphs:
a) Brake power vs Speed
b) Torque vs Speed
e) Thermal efficiency vs Speed
Brake Power (W)

f) Specific fuel consumption vs Speed Torque (N.m)

Speed (rps) Speed (rps)

Speed (rps) Speed (rps)

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Eng. Azad F. Otoum