ENGLISH LEARNING MODULE

Name : Aprilian Anggitaningrum

Class : XII Social 1

SMA Negeri 103 Jakarta

Perum Klender, Jl. Mawar Merah VI, RT.13/RW.4, Malaka Jaya, Duren Sawit, Kota Jakarta
Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13460
KATA PENGANTAR
DAFTAR ISI
 ENGLISH LEARNING MODULE
“ DIALOGUE ”

Name : Aprilian Anggitaningrum

Class : XII Social 1

SMA Negeri 103 Jakarta

Perum Klender, Jl. Mawar Merah VI, RT.13/RW.4, Malaka Jaya, Duren Sawit, Kota Jakarta

Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13460

ASKING AND GIVING SUGGESTION

DEFINITION

●Suggest means to present a suggestion that is to introduce or propose an idea or a plan for
consideration

●Suggestions are abstract and can be in form of solutions, advice, plan, and idea.

●Suggest means to propose a plan. It can be accepted or refused.

Expression of Asking Suggestion

Do you have any ideas for me?

Do you have any suggestions for me?

Do you have any advice for me?

Would you mind giving me your suggestion?

Can you tell me what I should do?

What should I do?

Expession of GIVING SUGGESTION

You should + V1
You had better + V1

You ought to + V1

I advise you to + V1

I suggest you to + V1

I recommend you to + V1

You should…

 You need/ought to…

 You had better…

 You ought to…

 I think you should….

 I advise you to…

 I suggest you to…

 I suggest that you….

 I recommend you to…

 Maybe you should…

Expression of Agreeing Suggestion

• I agree with you.

• I think you’re right.

• I think so.

• That’s a good idea.

• That’s right.

• Thanks. I’ll ttr your advice.

• That sounds great.

Expression of Disagreeing Suggestion

• No, I don’t think so.

• I disagree with you.

• That’s not a good idea.

• I understand your point, but I think….

Example dialogue :

First Dialogue

A: What are you going to do to spend the upcoming holiday?

B: I’m not sure. I guess I’m just going to stay at home during the holiday.

A: Me too. I don’t have any plan to do something exciting. I think I’ll be dead out of boredom in this
year’s holiday.

B: Hey, why don’t we spend the holiday together?

A: That’s great idea! Do you have any suggestion on where we should go and what we should do on the
holiday?
B: How about we spend our holiday at my grandfather’s cottage?

A: What kind of activities can we do there?

B: Anything fun, such as fishing. swimming, surfing, sun-bathing, cycling, strolling around the nature, et
cetera.

A: Did you just mention surfing? Is the cottage near a beach?

B: Yeah. We can walk for about 10 minutes to get to the beach from the cottage. Moreover, it’s also close
to a small lake, so that we can catch some fish there.

A: Cool! We’d better ask Jane and Joe to come with us too.

B: Agree! I’ll call Jane and you’ll call Joe.

A: Okay. I hope they can come join us.

Second Dialogue :

Dialog 2

Ruth : Hi Ann! How are you?

Ann : Hi Ruth! I am so confuse. Rico asked me to go to cinema on Saturday night

Ruth : That’s good! So why are you so confuse?

Ann : In the same time, Tonny asked to go to his house to celebrate his birthday

Ruth : Oh my God! So how? Do you choose Rico or Tonny?

Ann : That’s why I am so confuse. Do you have any suggestion?

Ruth : It’s easy. You have to go to Tonny’s house for celebrating his birthday and ask Rico to postpone
watching the movie. Celebrating birthday has expire but watching movie is flexible.

Ann : Oh Ruth, you are a genius! Thank you so much

Ruth : I am not genius but I can think it clearly

EXERCISE :

1. Tom looks very tired. What's your suggestion to him?

a. you should eat more.

b. you should study harder

c. I think you ought to get some rest

d. what if you go for a walk?

jawaban: c

2. Linda is working on her homework, but she finds some difficult questions. What will you suggest her?

a. I think you should stop studying.

b. maybe you can sleep now.

c. What if you drink to refresh yourself?

d. what about going to your friend's house to study together?

jawaban: d

3. Doctor: ...................... smoking if you don't want to get sick.

Patient: Yes sir, I will try.

a. what if you stop

b. you should stop

c. how about

d. maybe you can stop

jawaban: b

4. A: I am so hungry.

B: .......................................

a. I think you should take a rest.

b. You ought to read it more carefully.

c. Calm down! You should be more relaxed.

d. What about going to a restaurant?

jawaban: d

5. Mother: I want to cook an omelette.

You: ..............................

a. Let's buy some eggs.

b. Let's buy some syrup.

c. I think you should buy a ticket first.

d. I think you should go to a barbershop.

jawaban: a

ASKING AND GIVING OPINION

Definition Asking And Giving Opinion

To describes how we are to ask the opinions of others and how we

provide opinions to others. That dialog

Include dialog of asking for and giving opinion. Because,the first man ask for opinion and second

one give his opinion.

Asking opinion

Formal

How do you feel about ...?

What's your opinion about ...?

Have you got any comments on …..

Do you have any idea?

Do you have any opinion on ……

Would you give me your opinion on……….?

What is your reaction to ……

What is your opinion about……….?

What are you feeling about………….?

What are your views on……….?

Please give me your frank opinion?

Informal

What's your reaction to that?

What do you think of…….?

What do you think about………?

What is your opinion?

Why do they behave like that?

Do you think it’s going?

How do you like?

How was the trip?

How do you think of Rina’s idea ?

How do you feel about this condition?

Giving opinion

Formal

I personally believe …..

I personally consider ….

I personally think /feel ….

I hold the opinion ….

My own view of the matter is ……

Well, personally …….

If I had my view, I would …..

Informal

My reaction is that we should ...

In my opinion I think ...

Well, I think ...

I think I like it.

I don’t think I care for it.

I think it’s good/nice/terrific……..

I think that awful/not nice/terrible…………

I don’t think much of it.

I think that……..

In my opinion, I would rather……….

In my case …..

What I’m more concerned with ….

What I have in my mind is………

The way I see is that…………

No everyone will agree with me, but ….

To my mind …..

From my point of view ….

If you ask me, I feel ….

Any comments, John?

Absolutely ………

Agreeing

Yes, I agree with John.

Yes, I think that's a good point.

I'll go along with that.

Contoh Percakapan

Disagreeing

I'm sorry, but I can't agree with John.

I think you may have missed the point there ...

Sorry, I can't go along with that.

FIRST EXAMPLE

Mr. Angga: Hi Dio?

Mr. Dio: Hi Angga?

Mr. Angga: Have you heard about Terrorism in Sarina ?

Mr. Dio: Yes, I got information on television last night.

Mr. Angga: What do you think about that?

Mr. Dio: I think the terrorist is very brutal.

Mr. Angga: I think so, I hope next time there is no incident about it again.

SECOND EXAMPLE :

Nina: What is your opinion about my picture?

Nana: Wow! Amazing! I think it is very beautiful and colorful. I think you talent as a Painter or designer.

Nina: Thank you. By the way have you finished your homework?

Nana: Not yet. I have a problem about it. Can you help me?

Nina: Ok. No Problem. What do you think of English lesson?

Nana: I think English lesson is difficult. What about you?

Nina: I think English lesson is easy because it’s one of my favorite lesson.
EXERCISE

Kate : We’ll have a long holiday next month. What are you going to do?

Yani : ....

Kate : I hope you have a nice trip

1. Complete the dialogue above ....

A. I am thinking of going to Bali Sorry

B. Sorry, I can’t tell you

C. It’s not your business

D. I have nothing to do

E. I don’t know what to do

Alex : What do you think about the film ?

Bram : I think .......................

2. Complete the dialogue above ....

A. I like it

B. Thank you

C. I can’t hear you

D. You forget it

E. Let’s go

Eric : I think our city is very hot at the moment.

Era : I don’t think so ................ Our city is much cooler than other cities in this country.

3. Complete the dialogue above ....

A. I know it
B. I am thinking of

C. He forget it

D. In my opinion

E. See you

Bowo : I feel tired and I feel dizzy.

Sri : I think …. Don’t leave the bed if it is not necessary.

4. Complete the dialogue above ....

A. You must sing

B. You should lie down and have some rest

C. You can see the doctor tonight

D. I will take you to the hospital

A. I must take some rest, too

Dave: So what do you think of my singing?

John: It's really good, but I suggest to try singing in a high tune.

Dave: Thanks, John.

John: No problem, Dave!

5. From the dialogue above, John is...

A. Asking for help

B. Giving an opinion

C. Asking for an opinion

D. Giving help

E. Giving attention

ASKING AND GIVING SERVICE

DIFINITION

Asking and giving service expressions are expressions used to provide services. Whereas asking and
giving things expressions are expressions used to give something to someone.

Asking for service

v Could you help me?

v Would you please help me to …?

v Would you mind helping me …?

v Do you mind opening the window?

v Please open the window.

v Can you help me to …?

Responses

· Certainly.

· Of course.

· Never mind.
· Alright.

· No problem.

· I’m sorry, I’m busy.

Giving services

v Can I help you?

v May I help you?

v What can I do for you?

Responses

· Yes, please.

· Don’t bother.

· Thanks’. I appreciate it.

FIRST DIALOGUE

James : Hey, Betty. Where have you been?

Betty : Hello, James. I just bought some books from the bookstore.

James : It sounds great. How many books did you buy?

Betty : About 8 to 10 books. They are quite heavy, though.

James : Sure, they are. Can I bring the book for you?

Betty : Of course. That is very kind of you. Thank you so much.

James : Never mind.

SECOND DIALOGUE

Harry : Hey, Jane. Do you know the latest news about Marry?

Jane : No, I haven’t heard anything about her. What is it about?

Harry : She got an accident yesterday. She rode a bicycle and hit a parked car.

Jane : That sounds terrible. I want to visit her then. What if we go this afternoon?

Harry : That’s a good idea. Do you mind if I pick you up at 3 pm?

Jane : Sure. Thanks a lot, Harry.

Harry : With my pleasure, Jane.

EXERCISE

Mr Bean : Hello, Miss Smith. Would you like a cup of coffee? I'm just making some.

Miss Smith : Oh, yes please, that would be lovely. DIGARIS BAWAH

Mr Bean : How do you take it?

Miss Smith : With milk and sugar please.

Mr Bean: Here you are.

Miss Smith: Thank you.

1. The underlined expression expresses ...

A. Offering something
B.Offering help

C. Accepting an offer C

D. Declining an offer

E. Refusing an offer

Dany: Good morning Jane, do you want an ice cream?

Jane: Oh, great! ______, I'd love one.

Dany: Chocolate or Strawberry?

Jane: Chocolate, please.

2. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is …

A. Yes please A

B. No Thanks

C. Don't bother

D. Never mind

E. Not for me

Andy: Shall I carry DIGARIS BAWAHIN your luggage to your apartmen?

Boby: Yes, please!

3.The underlined word has similar meaning with ...

A. Borrow

B. Bring B

C. Drop

D. Dodge

E. Leave
Indry : The box you brought looks very heavy. ________

Putry : Sure. It’s very kind of you. Thanks.

4. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is …

A. Would you like me to help you? A

B. Would I like to help me?

C. Would you like to help me?

D. Would you like to bring it for me?

E. Could you bring it for me?

Andry : Some of our friends will join the concert tomorrow. Would you like to go with me?

Sintya : _________ It will very interesting. I need to refresh my mind this time.

5. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is …

A. I’d love to but I don’t think I can come

B. I’m really sorry. I already have my own plan

C. Well, I’m not sure

D. What a great idea! D

E. Not for me, thanks

ASKING AND GIVING A HELP

Difinition

For expressions of giving help or offering help, some of the examples below I think are enough to help
you.

Asking help

Formal

Could you possibly help me?

Could I possibly ask you to help me?

Would you be willing to help me?

Could you do me a favor, please?

Could you help me for a second?

I wonder if you could help me with this?

I could do with some help, please.

Could you spare a moment?

I need some help, please.

Could you give me a hand?

Would you mind helping me out?

Could you help me please?

I need some assistance please.

Would you help me?

Informal

Can you help me, please?

I can't manage. Can you help?

Give me a hand with this, will you?

Lend me a hand with this, will you?

Let me give you my hand.

Can you give me a hand with this?

Can I ask a favour?

Can you help me?

Help me please.

I really need you help

Do me a favor, please

Offering help

Formal

Would you like some help?

May I help you?

May I offer my assistance?

Could I help you?

What can I do for you?

What shall I do for you?

I’ll be glad to help?

Informal

Can I help you?

Need any help?

Do you need a hand?

Can I give you a hand?

Do you need any help?

Can I do anything to help?

Do you need any help?

Giving help

Formal
I’d like to help you.

I’d be happy to help you.

Sure. what can I do for you?

Sure. I would be glad to help you

Informal

I will do it for you.

Let me help you.

Yes, I can help you

Yes, no problem.

Yes. How can I help you?

Accepting help

Accepting (Offering help)

How kind of you! Thank you very much.

That’s very good of you!

That’s terribly kind,. Thank you very much.

Yes, please do.

What a good idea!

Yes, please.

Thanks. That would be excellent.

Yes.

Accepting (Giving help)

You are so kind! Thanks

Thanks a lot

Thank you

Refusing help

Refusing (Offering help)

No, you don’t need to.

Don’t bother yourself, thanks.

No, thank you.

That’s very kind, but I can manage myself.

That’s very kind of you, but I don’t think it’s necessary.

Refusing (Giving help)

I am sorry, I can’t help you now

Sorry, I am busy right now

I wish I could help you but I have to do some important tasks.

Asking for Help

Can you help me?

Could you please give me a hand?

Would you like to help me?

Would you mind to come to my house?

Could you pass the salt over there, please?

Could you take the garbage outside?

Could you bring me the newspaper?

Could you please open the door?

Could you lend me some ...?

Can you please come here for a second?

Responses for Accepting for Help

Okay

Yes, I can.

Okay, No problem.

Sure
Certainly

No Problem

Responses for Declining for Help

I’m sorry, I can’t.

Sorry, I can’t do it.

Sorry, I’m busy.

You better manage it on your own.

I’m afraid I can’t do it

Offering for Help

May I help you?

Would you like to help me?

Could you pass the salt over there, please?

Would you like to come to my house?

Would you mind if I sit here?

Open the window, please.

Could you please move to another chair?

Would you like a cup of coffee?

Could you please tell me where is the library?

Would you like to take the garbage outside please?

Can I do the dishes for you?

Shall I help you with your project?

Would you care for another cup of tea?

Accepting Offers

Thank you.

Yes, please.
I’d like it very much.

I’m pleased to do that.

With Pleasure thank you.

Yes please. I really appreciate it.

Thank you, it’s very kind of you

Yes, please, that would be lovely

Declining Offers

No, I really won’t, thank you

It’s okay, I can do it myself.

No thank you.

No thanks, I don’t need any help

Don’t worry, I will do it myself.

That’s alright, I will manage it on my own.

FIRST EXAMPLE

Anita : Hello Ms. Ratu you looks so busy, may I help you?

Ms. Ratu : Yes I am. Could you please bring students’ homework books in my table?

Anita : Sure, and where should I bring it to?

Ms Ratu : Please bring the books to your class, and say sorry to your friends that I may coming late to the
class.

Anita : Okay Miss Ratu. Is there anything else?

Ms Ratu : No it’s enough. Thank you very much for your help Anita.

Anita : Your welcome.

SECOND EXAMPLE

Mr. Jack : Hello waiter, can you come here for a second?

Waiter : Sure. What can I help you sir?

Mr Jack : Could you bring me some salt?

Waiter : Yes sir. and would you like to try some coffee? We have the best quality in this town.

Mr. Jack : Wow it would be really lovely to try it.

Waiter : Ok sir, is there anything can i help you with?

Mr. Jack : No thanks, I think it’s enough.

Waiter : Okay I will bring it to you now.

EXERCISE

Bryan: Nugy, where are you?

Nugy: I’m in the house. What’s matter?

Bryan: oh _____________ .

Nugy: I’d like to help you. For what?

1. Complete the dialogue above with suitable expression ....

A.Would you like some help?

B. Sorry, I can’t help you

C. Could I possibly ask you to help me?

D. Let me help you

E. No, you don’t need to help

Romy: May I help you ?

Deny: Hmmm. Don’t bother yourself, thanks.

2. The underlined sentence express ....

A. Asking help

B. Giving help

C. Offering help

D. Refusing an offer

E. Accepting an offer

Elsa: Will you help me to build a snowman?

Olaf: Yes, of course. _____ .

3. Complete the dialogue above ....

A. I won’t

B. I will

C. I will not

D. Will I?

E. Shall I?

Complete the dialogue below (for questions number 4 and 5)

Mr Iqbal: Jon, come here please!

Andy: Yes, sir. I'm coming.

Mr Iqbal: (4) __________ the goods to the shop, please?

Andy: With pleasure, sir.

Mr Iqbal: Don't forget to put into the correct case!

Andy: (5) ______, sir.

Mr Iqbal: Thanks.

4. The suitable expression is ....

A. Can you bring

B. Can I bring

C. May I bring

D. Don't bring

E. I would like to bring

5. The suitable expression is ....

A. Sorry, I can't

B. I wish I could help you

C. I'm bussy

D. I need some help

E. Don't worry

ASKING AND GIVING INFORMATION

DEFINITION

the activity of asking or giving information to the person we are talking to

Asking Information

Can you tell me...?

Could you tell me...?

I'd like to know...

D'you know...

(Got / Have you) any idea...?

Could anyone tell me...?

(Do / Would) you happen to know...?

I don't suppose you (would) know...?

I wonder if you could tell me...?

I wonder if someone could tell me...?

Could you tell me how to get to the bus station?

Do you know that old man?

Do you know how much is this car costs?

Do you happen to know where to buy an umbrella?

Can you tell me what the time is?

I’d like to know your name.

I’d like to know what you think about this idea.

I wonder if you could tell me why the meeting was canceled?

Do you have any idea how to use this machine?

Could you find out where she lives?

I’m looking for a book about gardening..

Giving Information

It's this way

On your right

Turn left and it is beside post office

Not so far, just 1 kilometer from here

I'm fine

In his room

a dozen of book

This is ...
I am ...

FIRST EXAMPLE

Customer : Excuse me, can you tell me where I can find menswear?

Shop Assistant : Sure. Menswear is on the second floor.

Customer : Oh, also, could you tell me where sheets are.

Shop Assistant : No problem, sheets are on the third floor at the back.

Customer : Thanks for your help.

Shop Assistant: My pleasure.

Brother : When does the movie start?

Sister : I think it’s at 9.

Brother : Check, will you?

Sister : You’re so lazy. Just a second.

Brother : Thanks sis.

Sister : Yes, it starts at 9.

SECOND EXAMPLE

Man : Excuse me, would you mind answering some questions?

Business Colleague : I’d be happy to help.

Man : I wonder if you could tell me when the project is going to begin.

Business Colleague : I believe we’re beginning the project next month.

Man : and who will be responsible for the project.

Business Colleague : I think Bob Smith is in charge of the project.

Man : OK, finally, would you mind telling me how much the estimated cost will be?

Business Colleague : I’m afraid I can’t answer that. Perhaps you should speak with my director.
Man : Thank you. I thought you might say that. I’ll speak to Mr. Anders.

Business Colleague : Yes, that would be best for that type of information.

Man : Thank you for helping out.

Business Colleague : My pleasure

EXERCISE

Andy : What's the matter with you?

Bryan : I've got stomachache

Andy : You should go to the sickbay

Bryan : You are right, but where?

Can you tell me where it is? DIGARIS BAWAHIN

Andy : Sure. It's next to the principal's office

Bryan : Thanks?

1. The underlined word is showing …

A. Asking help

B. Asking opinion

C. Asking attention

D. Responding of certainty

E. Asking Information E

2. Where is the sickbay?

A. It is in front of principal's office

B. It behind of principal's office

C. It is next to the principal's office C

D. It is across of principal's office

E. It is next to the hospital

Complete the dialogue below (for question number 3)

Lukman : Excuse me. _______________________ ?

Ikhsan : Sure. It's in front of the language laboratory.

3. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is ....

A. Can you tell me where the library is A

B. Can you play the guitar

C. Can you show me your car

D. Can you read the book for me

E. Can I borrow your book

Complete the dialogue below (for questions number 4 and 5)

A : I’d like some information about the trains.

B : Yes?

A : Could you tell me what time the train to Miami leaves?

B : Yes, the next train leaves at 11.00am. DIGARIS BAWAHIN

A : _______________ how long it takes?

B : Let me see. It takes 28 hours.

4. The suitable expression to complete the dialogue is …

A. It sound nice

B. Buy a new one

C. I am really happy to hear that

D. Do you know D
E. You can do it

5. The underlined expression expresses ....

A. Expressing satisfaction

B. Making an appointment

C. Giving information C

D. Giving attention

E. Declining attention
 ENGLISH LEARNING MODULE
“ READING ”

Name : Aprilian Anggitaningrum

Class : XII Social 1

SMA Negeri 103 Jakarta

Perum Klender, Jl. Mawar Merah VI, RT.13/RW.4, Malaka Jaya, Duren Sawit, Kota Jakarta

Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13460

TEKS DESKRIPTIF

Descriptive text is a type of text that aims to describe or describe people, animals, places or objects.
Generally, what is described is the form, characteristics, or nature.

Text structure (generic structure).

The structure of descriptive text is as follows:

1. Identification: the introduction of the object or thing to be described.

2. Description: informing the characteristics of objects, for example the psychological
characteristics of behavior, physical appearance, and others specifically.

Descriptive language features :

1. Noun: Use specific nouns, such as my cat, my boyfriend, National Monument, In addition, often
also use adjectives to clarify the use of nouns or nouns, such as a big house, a smart student, an
independence woman .
2. Simple present tense: use the basic verb or first form (verb 1) and use a verb that can indicate
ownership or the state of an object. Descriptive text uses simple present tense because
descriptive text tells a fact of the object described. For example, My office has 22 floors, Azka is
pretty, and others.
3. Action verbs: Use verbs to indicate an activity or an activity that can be seen. For example, sleep,
walk, sing, dance, etc.
4. Figurative language: Using figurative language or describing something, usually using a metaphor
to provide an illustration to the reader.

Example Text Deskriptive :

The Eiffel Tower

The Eiffel Tower is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. Built in 1889, it has
become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The
tower is the tallest building in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; millions of
people ascend it every year.
Named for its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance arch to
the 1889 World's Fair.The tower stands 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-
story building. Upon its completion, it surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of
tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years, until the Chrysler Building in New
York City was built in 1930; however, due to the addition in 1957 of the antenna, the tower is now
taller than the Chrysler Building. Not including broadcast antennas, it is the second-tallest structure
in France after the 2004 Millau Viaduct.
The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend, by stairs or lift,
to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first
to the second level. The third and highest level is accessible only by elevator. Both the first and
second levels feature restaurants.
The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France, often in the
establishing shot of films set in the city.
 EXERCISE :

Have you ever seen how some people run a business office? There are some professions that have
very important roles in business activities. These professions are related to each other in an organization.
The professions discussed here are banker, accountant, and secretary.

A banker is person who conducts banking. He may be the owner of a bank or he can be the member of the
board of directors who operated the bank. Bankers give loans to business offices, firms, factories, to
operate or expand their business.

An accountant is a person who has charge of the accounts of a company. He is the one who records, keeps
financial accounts and makes financial statements. He plays an important role to make the firms remain
in good financial condition.

A secretary is someone who keeps records, handles correspondence, or does the administration for an
organization or person. The assistant or private secretary of an executive always deals with the business
letter writing of that person. The secretary is, therefore, concerned with any business that the firm
undertakes. The secretary must be qualified and able to speak English, fluently. There are certain types of
duties that a secretary is responsible of such as making appointments, receiving orders, making
reservations for the manager, sending letters of congratulations or condolence, sending invitations etc.
She also makes an agenda for the manager. An office usually has more than one secretary who are always
busy doing their duties.

1. What is the topic of the second paragraph?

A. How a banker gives credits
B. The financial system of a bank
C. The job description of a banker
D. A banking business as a company
E. The board of directors

2. An accountant who works unprofessionally will …

A. bring big profit for the company
B. improve the book keeping 6f the business
C. harm the financial management of the firm
D. help the manager plan his expenditure
E. complete his work properly

3. The main idea of the fourth paragraph is ...

A. the office can hire two secretaries
B. a secretary should prepare the manager's agenda
C. the manager should help the secretary complete her job
D. English is not so important for a private secretary
E. a secretary often makes appointments with the manager

4. Which of the following statements is not true?

A. A manager should follow whatever his secretary says
B. An accountant must deal with the finance of the firm
C. Most banks deal with receipt and transmission of money
D. A professional banker is needed to run money business
 E. A good secretary should master English

5. He plays an important role to make the firms remain in good financialcondition, (paragraph 3). The
underlined word means ...
A. administrative details of a firm
B. any credits taken from banks
C. loan procedures in a bank
D. line of jobs in an office
E. monetary position

TEXT ANNOUNCEMENT

Announcement text is the text of a statement or official writing that informs the general public about
something or information.

Announcement Text Structure

1. Title: this section is the most important part because it represents the overall contents of the
announcement / information provided in an Announcement text. Even so, sometimes it is not
clearly stated.
2. Explanation: in this section, contains more information about an announcement. Usually consists
of basic information that includes: type of event (type of event), date and time (date and time),
place (place), participants (participants), and people / addresses that can be contacted (contact
person / address).

LANGUAGE FEATURES

The types of tenses used in announcements are usually simple present tense and simple future tense.

EXAMPLE
 EXERCISE

ANNOUNCEMENT

Because of the high demand for electrical power due to extremely cold weather,
the city is facing a serious power shortage. We are asking residents to help us
avoid this situation. Please reduce your power consumption as much as possible.
Lower household heat to sixty degrees. Turn of all unnecessary appliances.
Postpone energy-consuming tasks such as doing the laundry.

1. The announcement is about …..

a. a serious power shortage in the city
b. the high demand for electrical power
c. the extremely cold weather in the city
d. the need to turn off all unnecessary appliances
e. the demand to postpone energy-consuming tasks

2. The announcement is addressed to …..

a. the residents of the city d. the officials that work in the city
b. the companies in the city e. the employees of the electricity
company
c. the rich people in the city

3. “Turn of all unnecessary appliances.”

The synonym of the underlined word is …….
a. Cables d. devices
b. Wires e. ingredients
 c. Iron

The following text is for questions 4 and 5.

Simatupang and Partners Law Firm
is pleased to announce that they have opened their law practice on September 1, 2012
in 4 different cities
New clients are welcome
A law firm for all family matters:
Real estate, estate planning & administration, traffic, personal injury
divorce/custody/support, wills/trust, adoption, and home visits
Main Office : Jalan Kebayoran 5 Bandung

Branches : Jalan Angsana Timur 456 Jakarta

Jalan Agiwiyata 688 Surabaya
Jalan Surabaya 343 Bogor
A new branch office in Semarang will open next month.

4. According to the text, clients who live in Surabaya can go to branch office for
consultation.
A. Jalan Kebayoran 5
B. Jalan Angsana Timur 456
C. Jalan Agiwiyata 688
D. Jalan Surabaya
E. Semarang

5. From the text, we know that ....

A. the law firm has six offices
B. the main office is in Surabaya
C. the office has four branch offices now
D. they recently opened a branch in Bandung
E. they will soon have five offices in Indonesia

ADVERTISEMENT TEXT

Advertisement text is a type of text that aims to advertise a thing / product / service / or to introduce
something advertised to the public to attract buyers and buy the advertised product.

Text structure

In general, advertisement text has the following text structure:

1. Title: is part of the advertisement text which is the main topic / title of the ad.
2. Explanation: is the content or explanation of the product / service advertised.

LANGUAGE FEATURES

The linguistic element that is generally used in advertisement text is vocabulary that is persuasive.
Persuasive means getting people to buy the advertised product. The choice of words used accentuates
information that is important, shows the target, is interesting, polite, and has suggestions for the
audience.

EXAMPLE

EXERCISE

The questtion no.1-3

ROOM FACILITIES
The hotel provides 82 comfortable guest rooms that consist of Supeior Rooms, Superior Seaview Rooms
and 22 Deluxe Cottages with modern Balinese style architecture, private balcony and international
standard facilities. Each room has a private balcony, fully air conditioned, a telephone, a mini bar,
radio/music, intrenational TV channels, in house movie, tea and coffee making facilities, a hair drier,
slippers, an umbrella, a bath/showre with hot and cold running water and a safe deposit box.
FOR INFORMATION, PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CONTACT US ON :
Phone : +62 361 751961, Fax : +62 361 751962
e-mail : reservation [at] kutaseaviewhotel [dot] com or sale [at] kutaseaviewhotel [dot] com
website : www [dot] kutaseaviewhotel [dot] com
1. What does the advertisement promote ?
A. The location of the hotel
B. The hotel rooms
C. The cottage
D. The seaview
E. The facilities
2. How many rooms does the hotel provide ?
A. Twenty two
B. Thirty six
C. Sixty two
D. Eighty two
E. Ninety six
3. The guest can enjoy watching movies since the hotel offers
A. A cinema
B. A mini bar
C. TV Bar
D. In house movie
E. Private balcony
The question no.4 and 5
Hotel Cannero
28051Cannero Riviera, Italy
Phone: 323788046
Waiters/Waitresses (2), Swimming Pool Attendants, Bar Staff.
Around $ 150 per week. 12 hours per day, 6 days per week. Free board and accommodation. Knowledge
of German, Italian or French required. Period of work 3 or 6 months between end of March and end of
October. Applicants should be fit and healthy, organized and clean. Applications from 25 March to the end
and send to Maria Carla at the above address.
4. What is the text about ….
A. A week tour to Italy
B. A job vacancy in Hotel Cannero
C. Three day tour to European countries
D. A healthy and clean environment
E. The description on Cannero Riviera

5. Who is the addressee of this advertisement ….

A. All who are fit and healthy
B. Those who can serve foreigners
C. All who meet the requirements mentioned
D. The educated people who can handle service jobs
E. Those who can speak two foreign languages

RECOUNT TEXT

Recount text adalah jenis text dalam Bahasa Inggris yang menceritakan tentang suatu
cerita, tindakan, atau kegiatan. Biasanya, recount text menceritakan tentang pengalaman
seseorang.
Generic Structure of Recount Text

1. Orientation

Tells about background information about who, where, when events or events occurred.

2. Events

Tells a series of events that occur in chronological order.

3. Re-orientation

It is the conclusion or conclusion of the story. To close a story, we can give our opinion about the story.

Language features

1. Nouns and pronouns as pronouns for the people, animals or objects involved, such as David, the
monkey, we, etc.
2. Action verbs or action verbs
3. Past tense, for example We went to the zoo, She was happy
4. Conjunction and time connectives that sort events, events or activities such as and, but, then,
after that etc.
5. Adverb and adverb phrases to reveal place, time and method for example at my house,
yesterday, slowly
6. Adjectives to explain nouns, for example beautiful, funny etc.

Example

Battle of Surabaya
The Battle of Surabaya was fought between pro-independence Indonesian soldiers and militia against
British and British Indian troops as a part of the Indonesian National Revolution.
The peak of the battle was in November 1945. The battle was the heaviest single battle of the revolution
and became a national symbol of Indonesian resistance. Fighting broke out on 30 October after the
British commander, Brigadier A. W. S. Mallaby was killed in a skirmish. Although the Colonial forces
largely captured the city in three days, the poorly armed Republicans fought for three weeks, and
thousands died as the population fled to the countryside.
The battle and defence mounted by the Indonesians galvanised the nation in support of independence
and helped garner international attention. For the Dutch, it removed any doubt that the Republic was not
simply a gang of collaborators without popular support. It also had the effect of convincing Britain that
wisdom lay on the side of neutrality in the revolution; within a few years, in fact, Britain would support the
Republican cause in the United Nations.
Considered a heroic effort by Indonesians, the battle helped galvanise Indonesian and international
support for Indonesian independence. 10 November is celebrated annually as Heroes’ Day.

Exercise
Last holiday my students and I went to Jogjakarta. We stayed at Morison
Hotel which is not a long way from Malioboro. On Friday, we went to the
sanctuaries in Prambanan. There are three major sanctuaries, the Brahmana,
Syiwa and Wisnu sanctuaries. They are truly stunning. We went by just
Brahmana and Syiwa sanctuaries, on the grounds that Wisnu sanctuary is
being remodeled. On Saturday morning we went to Yogya Kraton. We spent
around two hours there. We were fortunate on the grounds that we were
driven by a brilliant and amicable aide. At that point we proceeded with our
adventure to Borobudur. We touched base there at four p.m. At 6 p.m. we
heard the declaration that Borobudur entryway would be closed. In the
evening we left Jogjakarta by bus.
1. The content above basically talks about ……..
a. the writer’s trip to Yogyakarta
b. the writer’s first visit to Prambanan
c. the writer’s impression about the guide
d. the writer’s experience at Yogya Kraton
e. the writer’s impression about Borobudur

2 The content is composed as an/an ………

a. recount
b. narrative
c. report
d. anecdote
e. spoof
3. What is purpose of the text……….
a. tell past events
b. entertain readers
c. describe the smugglers
d. report an event to the police
e. inform readers about events of the day
4. What else the big temples in Prambanan?
a. angkor wat, syiwa, and sudra temples
b. paria, brahmana, and temples
c. brahmana, syiwa, and wisnu temples
d. wisnu, syiwa, and borobudur temples
e. borobudur, syiwa, and brahmana temples
5. When did they go home?
a. On Saturday morning
b. On Friday evening
c. On Thursday evening
 d. On Friday afternoon
e. On Saturday evening

INVITATION TEXT

requests either in the form of words or written to someone to do something or go somewhere.

Generic Structure of an invitation / Sections of invitation text

In general / basic parts of an invitation text include:

1. Receiver / To: name of the person being addressed / invited

2. Body of invitation: The contents of the invitation are usually in the form of the following:
Subject: Event Name
Day or Date: Day and date
Time: Time set
Place: The place where the event is held

3. Sender / from: The person who sent the invitation

Some expressions and language features commonly used to make an invitation:

 I invite you to come ...

 I invite you to join ...
 Would you like to come
 Would you like to join us
 I would like to invite you
 Request the present of ...

Example
Exercise

Dear all committees of Smart Competition 2018,

Invite you in last meeting of this event
On Monday, August 30, 2018
6 – 8 p.m.
AL.A.D room, third floor
for head of division, please prepare your progress on this event and for those who have
idea, don’t forget to
deliver it in the meeting.
Sincerely,
M Dani Aulia

1. Where is the meeting of smart competition 2018 take place?

A. AL.A.D room, third floor
B. M Dani’s house
C. Not yet announced
D. Committee’s room
E. Meeting’s room

2. From the invitation text above, we can say that …

A. It is the final meeting
B. M Dani Aulia is the project manager of Smart Competition 2018
C. M Dani Aulia is invited to join smart competition 2018 meeting
D. The meeting will be ended on 6 p.m
E. The meeting will be held in AL.A.D room, first floor

Text di bawah ini digunakan untuk menjawab nomor 9.

Mr. & Mrs. Kenedy
Glad to invite you to come
The marriage of their daugther
Chelsea Islan
To
Argavi Koto
at Alila Villas Uluwatu Hotel, Bali
on Friday, 1 November 2018
Started on 1 p.m
Please RSVP before 30 October to Rahmat
There will be Maroon 5 performance
We wait your presence.

3. The fact from the invitation text above is…

A. The Chelsea islan and Rahmat will get married on Bali
B. Mr & Mrs. Kenedy are celebrating their marriage in Alila Villas Uluwatu Hotel
C. You can inform Argavi Koto to attend the event
D. There will be Maroon 5 performance on that wedding party.
E. Rahmat is Kenedy’s son

Text di bawah ini digunakan untuk menjawab nomor 10 dan 11

Dear Gigih,
Due to the English Debate Competition 2018 event on 1 December 2018, at Dubai,
please come to the selection of
English Debate Competition 2018. The top three students will become UPN’s Delegate
and compete with others top
students in the world. I believe that you have the quality to pass the selection.
Best regards,
Arum Sekarwage

4. What is the purpose of the invitation text above?

A. To invite Arum attend the selection of English Debate Competition 2018
B. To invite Gigih join the internal selection process
C. To invite someone join the English Debate Competition 2018 at Dubai
D. To inform Gigih the selection of English Debate Competition 2018
E. To invite someone join the internal selection process

5. “The top three students will become UPN’s delegate and compete with others…” The
underlined word has
synonym to …
A. Participate
B. Watch
C. Register
D. See
E. Having Teamwork

ANALYTYCAL EXPOSITION TEXT

the type of text in English that is used to explain the author's views on an issue. In other words, this text
is an argumentative text.

Language Features :

 Using Simple Present Tense

 Use conjunctions like first, second, third, next, furthermore, additionally and so on.
 Use evaluative words like important, valuable, trustworthy, and so on.
 Using causal conjunctions for example, as a result, because, by, consequently, despite, due to, for
that reason, and so forth.

Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition

Analytical Exposition has its own generic structure. In this text there are three important parts that must
be owned, namely:
 1. Thesis

Contains the opinion of the author or speaker on the topic in question.

2. Argument

Arguments contain opinions that support the main idea. The more opinions written down, the
Analytical Exposition Text is more interesting because the reader or listener tends to believe in an
event if there are many supporting opinions in it.

3. Conclusion

Contains conclusions or restatements of the core ideas submitted.

EXAMPLE

The Importance of Drinking Water

How much do you drink water today? Water is often considered insignificant but behind it all, it turns
out that water has important functions for our body. There are several reasons why you should drink
enough water. Firstly, interstitial fluid is obtained by drinking lots of water. Water is used by the body to
digest food and help transport nutrients throughout the body. In addition, interstitial fluid is also useful
for producing saliva and regulating body temperature.

The second reason is that it helps kidney work. Our kidney processes 200 liters of blood in our body
every day. It also filters out waste and delivers urine to the bladder. To do all the tasks, our kidney needs
enough water because water is used to clean anything that is unnecessary for our body. Furthermore,
drinking water can moisturize our skin. It makes our skin feel fresh, soft, bright and smooth.

Additionally, drinking enough water every day can also improve the function of our brain. It can help us
to concentrate more and unlease the nervous system in the brain. In conclusion, drinking water is
important because it is needed for our interstitial fluid, helps kidney work, is good for healty skin, and
improves the function of our brain.

EXERCISE

In Australia there are three levels of governments, the federal government, state governments and local
governments. All of these levels of government are necessary. This is so for number of reasons. First, the
federal government is necessary for the big things. They keep the economy in order and look after like
defensE. Similarly, the state governments look after the middle sized things. For example they look after
law and order, preventing things like vandalism in school. Finally, local government look after the small
thins. They look after things like collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have diseasE. Thus for the
reason above, we can conclude that the three levels of the government are necessary.

1. What kind of text is this?

A. Analytical Exposition
 B. Report
C. Hortatory Exposition
D. Explanation Text
E. Descriptive text
2. Who is responsible for defense?
A. Federal government
B. State Government
C. Federal and State Government
D. Federal and Local Government
E. Local Government
3. The litter management is the responsibility of ….
A. all governments
B. Australia
C. Federal government
D. State governement
E. Local government

There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculturE. Pesticides which are commonly used may
cause many problems. I think combining different management operations is the most effective way
to control pests.
Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in the soil
which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.
Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means that newer and stronger
ones have to be developed.
Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This affects the
ecology and environment as well.
So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be chosen and
applied carefully so that they don’t affect the ecological balance and environment.
Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in agriculture
and livestock.

4. Which of the following is not directly affected by pesticides used?

A. Plants
B. Ecology
C. Animals.
D. Environment.
E. Human Beings
5. What can you say about paragraph two and four?
A. The fourth paragraph supports the idea stated in paragraph two.
B. Both paragraphs tell about the disadvantages of using pesticides.
C. Both paragraphs tell about how pesticides affect the quality of farm products.
D. The statement in paragraph is contrary to the statement in paragraph four.
E. The second paragraph tells about the effects of using pesticides on animals mentioned in
paragraph four.
HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT

Hortatory Exposition is a type of persuasive text in English that is used to explain the reader or listener
that something should not or should be done.

Language Features

 Using Simple Present Tense

 Use conjunctions like first, second, third, next, furthermore, additionally and so on.
 Contains recommendations that usually begin with: in my opinion, it is better ..., for these
reasons, should ..., I think ... should ..., and so forth.

Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition

Hortatory Exposition has its own generic structure. In this text there are three important parts that must
be owned, namely:

1. Thesis

Contains the opinion of the author or speaker on the topic in question.

2. Argument

Arguments contain opinions that support the main idea. The more opinions that are written, the
Hortatory Exposition Text is more interesting because the reader or listener tends to believe in an event
if there are many supporting opinions in it.

3. Recommendation

this text has a recommendation section for readers to conclude the text. Recommendations contain
suggestions addressed to the reader regarding related topics discussed in the text.

Example

Why Students Should Manage Their Stress

Stress among student can be caused by interpersonal which includes the factor like
relationships with family and friend or because of the academic itself. Workload of college,
difficult tests, and other academic obstacles may also lead to stress. Thus, stress among
students can be dangerous for several reasons. Firstly, major negative effect of stress is on
emotional health.

Emotional health problem is more dangerous than physical health problem because it can
lead to most disastrous effects of all that is committing suicide. Emotional or mental health
is an expression of our emotions and signifies a failure adaptation to the range of demands
in life. The stressful life events can lead to all the failure just by conquering our mind. Thus,
it is very important to maintain our mental and emotional health because once our emotional
health was disturbed, it can lead to various of diseases such as depression, anxiety,
emotional eating, anger and so on.

The second disastrous effect of stress to an individual especially students is on academic

performance. Actually this effect affected students beyond their thinking. Once they are in
stress they have difficulty to concentrate on their study and finally their result will ruin
because they cannot do well in their exams. That is how their academic performance shows
such negative improvement from day to day because they cannot manage their stress well.
Therefore, stress can be dangerous to student’s life. For those reasons, it is better that we
should find the causes of stress which we are going through, know the bad effect that we
may face and take actions to manage it.

Exercise

Anybody who is over the age of six knows that there is nowhere safe for skateboarders to
skate. This prevents young people from enjoying an active, energetic and adventurous
pastime.

Just watch a local street for a short while and note the steady stream of skaters speeding up
and down the footpaths. Toddlers can be trampled on and old ladies can be knocked down
as they struggle home carrying their cat food from supermarkets.

Skateboarding is a serious sport that improves young people’s health. It increases fitness,
improves balance and strengthens the joints in knees and ankles. Although it appears to be a
solo sport, when groups practice together and compete to perform stunts or runs they form
firm friendships.

Young people should be prevented from becoming overweight couch potatoes. If they are
actively involved in skating, they do not smoke, take drugs or break laws for fun.

will always seek thrills and excitement. They need to practice their 180s, 360s and Ollie’s
free from restrictions. We must build skate parks in the suburbs so that streets are safe for
small children and senior citizens and skaters have spaces where they can race, chase,
speed, and soar towards the sun.

1. Where do the kids usually ride their skateboard?

A. In the main roads and foot paths.
B. In front of the supermarket.
C. In front of their home.
D. In the suburbs.
E. In the park.

2. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

A. There is no safe place for skateboarders.
B. Kids seek an excitement in skate.
C. The goodness of skateboarding.
D. The skateboarding is a serious sport.
E. How to prevent overweight by skateboarding.

3. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is ….

A. to invite the local teenagers to skate in a park built specifically for skaters.
B. to convince the readers that they need a safe place for skaters to skate.
C. to provoke youngsters into the local government policy.
D. to promote the writer’s business of skateboarding class.
E. to inform parents about the goodness of skateboarding.

. What must we do to let the skaters play?

A. Join with them anywhere.
B. Give them space in the park.
C. Let them play in the main roads.
D. Let them play in the local street.
E. Build a skate park in the suburbs.

5. They need to practice their 180s, 360s and Ollie’s free from restrictions. (Paragraph 5)
The synonym of the underlined word is ….
A. Approval
B. Allowance
C. Improvement
D. Prevention
E. Limitation

REPORT TEXT

Report Text is one type of text in English that explains the details of an object. Details in this text are
scientific details which include the description of objects, both physical and non-physical from scientific
facts about the object.

Language Features

 Using Simple Present Tense

Generic Structure of Report Text

This Text Report has the same generic structure as Descriptive Text, which is:

1. General Classification

This section contains general statements that describe the object description of this Report Text.

2. Description

This section usually gives a description of phenomena or situations that occur, both the parts,
nature, habits or behavior. In essence, this section lays out the classification presented scientifically.
However, the thing to remember is that the Report Text is not a news text, but a scientific factual
text.
Example

Skin

Skin is the outer layer of the body. In human being, it is the largest organ of the system that
covers our body. Our skin has a function to protect our body from infection and extreme
temperatures, maintain fluid balance, and synthesize vitamin D for our personal needs.

Skin has three main layers, which are Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis that have their
respective tasks and need each other. The Epidermis layer is the outermost layer of the
skin. This layer does not contain blood vessels, and is formed from Merkel cells,
keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells. Under the Epidermis layer, there is
Dermis layer. This layer contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine
glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. This layer is connected to the Epidermis layer
with the basement membrane. Structurally, this layer is divided into two regions, which are
the region next to the epidermis called the Papillary region, and the thick inner region that is
known as the Reticular region. Furthermore, there is Hypodermis layer which located below
the Dermis layer. This layer is known as Subcutaneous tissue. Hypodermis serves to attach
the skin to the underlying bone and muscle and supply them with blood vessels and nerves.
The combination of these three main layers has an average thickness of 1 mm.

Exercise
The platypus is a semi-aquatic mammal endemic to East to North Australia, including Tazmania. It is one
of the five extreme species of mono-dreams. The only mammal that lays eggs instead of giving birth to
live young. The body and the broad flat tail of these animals are covered with dense brown fur, that traps
a lay including ear to keep the animals warm. It uses its tail for story joy fact. It has webbed feet and the
large robbery’s net. These are species that are be closer to those of ducks, then to these any known
mammals. Weight varies considerably from 0.7 to 2.4 kg with males being larger than females. And male
averages 50 cm total length whiles the female major approximately 45 cm. The platypus has an average
temperature of 32 degrees Celsius rather than 37 degrees Celsius that is typical of the placental
mammals.

1. What animal is being described in the monologue?

A. Octopus.
B. Rhinoceros.
C. Platypus
D. Mosquitos.
E. Hippopotamus.
2. How much does the Platypus weigh?
A. 0.7 to 2.4 kg
B. 0.7 to 2.5 kg.
C. 0.7 to 2.6 kg.
D. 0.7 to 2.7 kg.
E. 0.7 to 2.8 kg.
Snakes are reptiles (cold-blooded creatures). They belong to the same group as lizards (the scaled
group, Squamata) but from a sub-group of their own (Serpentes).
Snakes have two legs but a long time ago they had claws to help them slither along. Snakes are not
slimy. They are covered in scales which are just bumps on the skin. Their skin is hard and glossy to
reduce friction as the snake slithers along the ground.
Snakes often sun bathe on rocks in the warm weather. This is because snakes are cold-blooded; they
need the sun’s warmth to heat their bodies up.
Most snakes live in the country. Some types of snakes live in tress, some live in water, but most live on
the ground in deserted rabbit burrows, in thick, long grass and in old logs.
A snake’s diet usually consists of frogs, lizard, and mice and other snakes. The Anaconda can eat small
crocodiles and even bears. Many snakes protect themselves with their fangs. Some snakes are protected
by scaring their enemies away like the Cobra. The flying snakes glide away from danger. Their ribs
spread apart and the skin stretches out. Its technique is just like the sugar gliders.

3. Since the snakes are cold-blooded, they…

A. like sucking the cool blood
B. avoid sun-bathing to their skins
C. never sun bathe in the warm weather
D. live on the ground in deserted burrows
E. require the sun’s warmth to heat their bodies
4. We know from the text that snakes…
A. do not have claws
B. do not like sunlight
C. have two legs and claws
D. use their legs to climb the tree
E. use their claws to slither along the ground
5. Some types of snakes live in tress, some live in water, but most live on the ground in deserted rabbit
burrows,…(paragraph 4).The word “burrows “ has the similar meaning with…
A. foster
B. dig
C. plough
D. nurture
E. cultivate

EXPLANATION TEXT

Explanation text is one type of text in English that describes a process. Speaking of processes, this text is
almost the same as procedure text. However, if the procedure text explains how to do something
(process), this text explains how the process occurs. That way, we can know that the explanation text
serves to provide information to the reader about a process.

Language Features

 Using Simple Present Tense

This text uses Simple Present Tense because this text explains facts.
  Using Action Verbs

Action Verbs are verbs used to describe an action that is taking place. Examples are do, make, create,
and so on.

 Using Passive Voices

The use of Passive Voices aims to emphasize the focus on events that take place rather than the
subject.

 Using Action Verbs

Action Verbs are verbs used to describe an action that is taking place. Examples are do, make, create,
and so on.

 Using Passive Voices

The use of Passive Voices aims to emphasize the focus on events that take place rather than the
subject.

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

There are two parts to Explanation Text, namely:

1. General Statement

Contains general information about the topic to be discussed in the text.

2. Explanation

Contains a series of events (sequences of events) of a process that is the topic of the text. We can
also explain using the question why and how, so that the explanation we convey is more
comprehensive.

3. Closing

The closing part is optional or doesn't have to be in this text. This section can contain additional
information or the author's opinion on the topic discussed.

Example

Butterfly Metamorphosis
 To grow into an adult, butterflies go through 4 stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult.
Depending on the type of butterfly, the life cycle of a butterfly may take anywhere from one
month to a whole year.

A butterfly starts life as a very small, round, oval or cylindrical egg. The egg hatches and the
young one called larvae or caterpillar comes out of the egg. The caterpillar first feeds on the
egg shell from which it is born. It then starts feeding on the leaves and starts to grow. Its
exoskeleton (skin) does not stretch or grow, so it grows by “molting” (sheding the outgrown
skin) several times while it grows. As soon as a caterpillar is done growing and it has
reached its full length/weight, it forms itself into a pupa, also known as a chrysalis. The pupa
remains motionless in the chrysalis. In the chrysalis, the pupa undergoes a series of
changes. After about 15 days, a beautiful adult butterfly emerges out of the chrysalis. When
the butterfly comes out, it’s wings are small and wet, then the butterfly pumps fluids into
them to make them strong and to expand. After a few hours, the wings become strong
enough and the butterfly is able to fly.

Exercise
A cell phone is a great gadget in this modern world. What is a cell phone? A cell phone is actually a radio
in certain way. Like a radio, by a cell phone we can communicate to other people in real time. Million
people use cell phone for their communication. Even nowadays, people use cell phones to communicate
in voice, written and data. Alexander Graham Bell is the person who make great change in the way
people communicate to each other. He invented a telephone in 1876. While wireless radio was formally
known in 18994 presented by Guglielmo Marconi. By these two technologies, then a cell phone was born.
However do you know how actually cell phones work?
This short explanation on how a cell phone work is really wonderful. A cell phone or in long term “cellular
telephone’ works by transmitting signals of radio to towers of cellular. The towers are networked to a
central switching station. The connection usually uses wire, fiber optic-cables, or microwave.
Then the central switching station which handles calls in certain given area is directed connected to the
wire-based telephone system. Cellulars are pick up by the towers and relayed to another cellular
telephone user or the user of wire-based telephone network.
the towers vary in the capacity and capability to receive signals. Some can receive the signal from short
distance and the others can receive more distance. However, there are usually more than one tower in
certain given area so that the system can handle the increasing telephone traffic.

1. What the main idea of paragraph three …

A. How to use the telephone
B. The founder of telephone
C. The part of telephone
D. Function of telephone
E. How to make the telephone
2. What is cell phone …
A. Cell phone is an object can movement
B. Cell phone is general object
C. Cell phone is a contraption thing
D. A cell phone is actually a radio in certain way
E. Cell phone is Graham Bells’ founder
3. How telephone celluler work …
A. By signal radio
B. By battery
C. By user
D. By GPS Signal
E. By transmitting signal
4. Who the telephone celluler founder …
A. Graham bells
B. Guiglemo Marconi
C. Wilbur O’Wright
D. Antonio Meucci
E. BJ Habibie
5. What the text about …
A. The telephone founder
B. The part of telephone
C. The history of telephone
D. How telephone work
E. How much the telephone

NARRATIVE TEXT

Narrative text is a type of text in English to tell a story that has a series of chronological events that are
interconnected. The purpose of this text is to entertain the reader about a story or story.

Language Features

 Using Action Verb in the form of Past Tenses.

 Use certain nouns as people pronouns.
 Using Adjectives that make up Noun Phrase.
 Use Conjunction to sort events.

Generic structure

1. Orientation

Orientation or commonly called preliminary, contains about who, when, where a story is set.

2. Complication

Complication tells the beginning of the problem that causes the peak of the problem or commonly
called the climax. This part usually involves the main character of the story.

3. Resolution

This section is the end of the story or in the form of a solution to the problem that occurred.
Problems can be solved can be better or even worse which will later make the story happily end or
vice versa. Sometimes, there are resolutions that are in the form of other problems to solve. This
 was intentionally created by the writer to add and maintain interest and tension for his readers.
Usually, this type of resolution is found in the mysteries and horror genres.

4. Re-orientation

The part is the closing of an optional story. Re-orientation can contain moral lessons, suggestions or
teachings from the author.

Example

Cinderella

Once upon a time, there lived a girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step mother and
two step sisters. The step mother and her two daughters didn’t like Cinderella. They treated
Cincerella very bad. Cinderella usually did the hardest works in the house; such as
scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food for the family, and so
on.

One day, a ball was to be held by the royal family of the kingdom to find the Prince’s
spouse. Cinderella wanted to go to the ball but her step mother asked her to stay at home
and do the house works. Cinderella cried. Then there was a fairy godmother standing
beside her.

“Why are you crying, Cinderella?”, the fairy godmother asked.

“Because I want to go to the ball but my step mother insists me to stay at home. Besides, I
don’t have any beautiful dress” said Cinderella.

Then the fairy turned Cinderella’s ugly dress became the most beautiful dress and with
beautiful slippers. The fairy also turned a pumpkin into a parking coach and the mice
become six white horses. Cinderella fiinally could go to the ball but she had to come back
before midnight before the spell ended.

At the ball, Cinderella amazed everybody there include the Prince. The Prince asked her to
dance. Cinderella had a wonderful time at the ball. But, all of a sudden, she heard the
sound of a clock, the first stroke of midnight. Remembered what the fairy had said,
Cinderella ran back to go home. But she lost one of her slippers in ballroom. The Prince
picked up her slipper and would search for the girl whose foot fitted with the slipper.

A few days later, the Prince proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the
slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them, no matter how
hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the King’s solder let Cinderella try on the
slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly.
Finally, she was driven to the palace. The Prince was overjoyed to see her again. They
were married and live happily ever after.

Exercise

Long, long ago, when the gods and goddesses used to mingle in the affairs of mortals, there was a small
kingdom on the slope of Mount Wayang in West Java. The King, named Sang Prabu, was a wise man.
He had an only daughter, called Princess Teja Nirmala, who was famous for her beauty but she was not
married. One day Sang Prabu made up his mind to settle the matter by a show of strength.
After that, Prince of Blambangan, named Raden Begawan had won the competition. Unfortunately, the
wicked fairy, Princess Segara fell in love with Raden Begawan and used magic power to render him
unconscious and he forgot his wedding. When Sang Prabu was searching, Raden Begawan saw him and
soon realized that he had been enchanted by the wicked fairy. The fairy could not accept this, so she
killed Raden Begawan. When Princess Teja Nirmala heard this, she was very sad. So a nice fairy took
her to the Kahyangan.

1. Which one of the following statements is false about Sang Prabu?

A. Sang Prabu was a father of his only daughter
B. Sang Prabu was a king of a kingdom in West Java
C. Sang Prabu was taken to Kahyangan by a wicked fairy
D. Sang Prabu was a wise man
E. Sang Prabu didn’t have a son
2. Why the wicked fairy did used her magic to make Raden Begawan unconscious?
A. She didn’t like Raden Begawan
B. She didn’t want Raden Prabu marry the princess
C. She wanted Teja Nirmala to forget about her wedding
D. She didn’t want the prince of Blambangan marry the princess
E. She didn’t want the prince of Blambangan feel love with her
3. What do you think will happen if gods or goddesses cannot mingle in the affairs of people in the earth
at that time?
A. Princess Segara will have married with Raden Begawan
B. Sang Prabu will not hold strength competition
C. Raden Begawan will not die
D. Teja Nirmala will stay in the Kahyangan
E. Wicked Fairy will not take Raden Begawan’s life
4. So a nice fairy took her to the Kahyangan. (Paragraph 2) The word her in the sentence refers to…
A. The wicked fairy
B. The nice fairy
C. Princess Nirmala
D. Prince Teja
E. The prince of Blambangan
5. The similarity between fairy and human according to the text.
A. The place they live
B. The jealousy that they posses
C. The way they don’t feel a love
D. The strength they have
E. Their life that is immortal

APLICATTION LETTER

application letter is one of the official letters in the form of a business letter or a letter used to apply for a
job in a company agency or in an institution both public and private.

Generic Structure

1. Your address = the author's mailing address

2. The address of the company you are writing to. Use complete title and address; (to write the address
to be addressed must be clear, so that the sender is not wrong address)

3. Always make an effort to write directly to the person in charge of hiring (for example in sending a
letter of application it should be directly addressed to the person or party intended)

4. Opening paragraph (opening paragraph)

5. Middle Paragraph / Body (the contents are the essence of writing letters)=

6. Closing signature (closing)

7. Signature

language features

 Use good and correct language.

 Using a standard letter form.
 Use polite words.
 Clean writing, easy to read, and in accordance with spelling rules.
 Use clear, concise, concise, informative, and targeted words of introduction.
 Complete the parts of the letter (terms, place / date, address, opening greetings, letter content,
closing greetings, signatures, and light names)

Example
Exercise

I’m applying for the Project Manager position advertised through Jakarta Post. As shown in the enclosed
resume, I have a strong academic background in Chemical Engineer graduated from Universitas
Indonesia on 2007.

My current work as Project Management in various multinational company has given me firsthand
experience in the challenge associated with the development of a successful Petrochemical Company. In
addition, I have excellent managerial and communication skills both in Bahasa Indonesia as well as
English.

This background, combined with over ten years of Ethylene Plant Operation as Project Management, has
given me a unique perspective that would be particularly valuable in meeting the responsibilities of this
position, as described in your position. I am and independent individual who capable to work under
pressure.

I would welcome the opportunity to meet with you to discuss my qualifications in more detail and look
forward to hearing from you soon. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely,
Dini Aminarto

1. Who wrote the application letter?

a. Project Manager
b. Jakarta Post
c. Dini Aminarto
d. Chemical Engineer
2. What is the job position that applicant applied for?
a. Project Manager
b. General Manager
c. Chemical Engineer
d. Academician
3. Where did the company advertise the job opening?
a. Kompas
b. Jakarta Globe
c. Tribun
d. Jakarta Post
4. What are the skills that applicant presented on the application letter?
a. Managerial and communication skills
b. Accounting and managerial skills
c. Public speaking and communication skills
d. Bahasa Indonesia and English
5. How many years the applicant was working as Project Management?
a. 2 years
b. 8 years
c. 15 years
d. 10 years

CAPTION TEXT

Definition:

Caption is a short text consist of additional information which available in the

pictures/photos. Usually it’s located below the picture itself. Caption text used to give
further information related to a picture or simply just to decorate it to look better.

There are some types of caption text, here are some of them:

The structure used in captions:

- the little
- the lead
- section headings
The language features used in captions:
- exclamation
- question
- adjective phrase
- prepositional phrase
Example
Exercise

1. What is the purpose of the caption?

a. To make the picture look better

b. To give a description of what is going on in the picture

c. To tell about who was taking the picture

d. To explain the news

2. According to the caption on the picture, when was the photo taken?

a. July 19 2018

b. February 1 2017

c. January 14 2016

d. December 7 2015

3. Where was the location in the picture?

a. Sudirman, Jakarta

b. Tanah Abang, Jakarta

c. Blok M, Jakarta

d. Thamrin, Jakarta

4. Who is the main subject in the picture that is described in the caption?

a. Indonesian President, Joko Widodo

b. Former Indonesian President, SBY

c. Vice President, Jusuf Kalla

d. Governor of DKI Jakarta, Anies Baswedan

5. What kind of caption is in the picture?

a. Identification bar

b. Summary

c. Cutline

d. Expanded

NEWS ITEM TEXT

Example

Earthquake aftershock hits Nepal and India, magnitude 6.7

A strong earthquake aftershock struck India and Nepal on Sunday, shaking buildings in
New Delhi and triggering an avalanche in the Himalayas.
The United States Geological Survey said the tremor was 6.7 magnitude, less than the
7.9 quake that struck the region on Saturday killing at least 1,900 people.
“Another one, we have an aftershock right now,” Indian mountaineer Arjun Vajpai told
Reuters by telephone from base camp on Mount Makalu, 20 km (12 miles) from
Everest.
Screams and the sound of an avalanche could be heard over the phone line Vajpai was
speaking on. At Everest base camp, Romanian climber Alex Gavan tweeted that the
aftershock had set off three avalanches.

Exercise

The Surabaya Police have arrested a man, identified only as MN, for allegedly buying an infant via
Instagram.
MN was arrested at his house on Jl. Karah in Jambangan district in Surabaya, East Java, on Sunday. He
was found to have paid some Rp 3.8 million (US$250) for a baby boy when he was only three days olD.
Surabaya police chief Sr. Comr. Rudi Setiawan said recently that the transaction was conducted in
Semarang, Central Java, on Sept. 23. The baby’s parents live in Tangerang in Banten.
“The baby is now safe with the Surabaya administration,” Rudi said on Monday (The Jakarta Post, Tue,
October 16, 2018)

1. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To inform readers about arrested man for buying an infant
B. To describe the important person for readers
C. To argue that arresting the man is important
D. To explain how police arrested the man
E. To convince reader that buying infant is illegal
2. What is the generic structure of the text above?
A. Orientation – Complication – Reorientation
B. Orientation – Series of event – Reorientation
C. Stating thesis – Arguments – Reiteration
D. Goal – Equipments – Steps
E. Newsworthy event – Background events – Sources

Yogyakarta (JP)- National flag carrier Garuda Indonesia has temporarily diverted its flights intended for
Adisucipto Airport in Yogyakarta to Adisumarmo Airport in Surakarta, Central Java, after one of its planes
overshot an Adisucipto runway lane on Wednesday night.
“All of Garuda Indonesia flights heading toward Yogyakarta, for a total of 34 flights, now will [be diverted]
to Surakarta,” Garuda Indonesia VP of corporate communications Benny S. Butarbutar said in an official
statement on Thursday.
The flights include 10 coming from and going to Jakarta, three to and from Denpasar, Bali, two to and
from Makassar, South Sulawesi, and one flight from Surabaya, East Java.
The airline would provide a bus at Adisumarmo Airport to transport passengers to YogyakartA.
Garuda Indonesia is still evacuating the Boeing 737-800 NG, which slipped on the runway and overshot a
lane on Wednesday night. It carried 123 passengers, none of whom were harmed.
Garuda aims to finish evacuating the aircraft on Thursday afternoon. (bbn) Taken from :
thejakartapost.com

3.What is the text about?

A. Redirect flights of Garuda Indonesia from Yogyakarta to Surakarta because of runway accident
B. Slipped plane accident in adisucipto runway lane
C. Evacuation of Garuda Indonesia after its accident
D. Confirmation of Garuda Indonesia VP of corporate communication about overshot accident
E. The delay of Garuda Indonesia after one of its planes overshot an Adisucipto runway lane
4.It can be concluded from the text that ….
A. Adisucipto Airport will be closed after the incident
B. Because of the incident, Garuda Indonesia redirected Yogyakarta flights to Surakarta permanently
C. Garuda Indonesia supplied bus to support passengers from Surakarta to yogyakarta
D. Garuda Indonesia had been finished evacuating its plane when this news was reported
E. There are a lot of passengers were harmed due to that accident
5.The reason why Garuda Indonesia diverted Yogyakarta flights to Surakarta is because of ….
A. Maintenance one of Garuda Indonesia’s aircraft
B. The accident of its plane which slipped on the runway lane
C. Many flights in Adisucipto Airport
D. The statement of Garuda Indonesia VP of corporate communications
E. The evacuation of Garuda Indonesia’s aircrafts

TEXT PROSEDURE

Procedure text is a type of text that describes how something can be created or used through a series of
steps.

Generic Structure of Procedure Text

Procedure text has a general arrangement scheme or generic structure. Following is the generic
structure of procedure text:

1. Goal: provides information about the purpose and objectives of the procedure and predicts a
conclusion.
2. Materials: contains a list of materials or materials needed to carry out a procedure or steps.
3. Steps: list the sequence of instructions / activities to reach the destination in the correct
sequence of steps.
4. Result: The result of a series of steps that have been carried out.

language features
  Using Simple Present Tense (S + V1) In the form of imperative / command form
 Using action verbs, for example: make, take, boil, cook,
 Use temporal conjunctions, for example: First, then, next, after that, last
 Use conjunctions (conjunctions) to sort activities, for example then, while, etc.
 Use adverbs to describe detailed time, place, accurate methods, for example for five minutes, 2
hours, etc.
 Use adverbs (adverbs) to express stages or sequences, for example the first, the second, the
third, the last, etc.

Example

How to Make Ice Cream

Materials:

2 cups milk or cream

2 tablespoons sugar
1 teaspoon Vanilla extract
Several cups of Ice
1 cup salt
You need these supplies to make ice cream
Tub or large coffee can to hold salt and ice
Glass bowl or small coffee can
Electric mixer or whisk
Ice cream scoop
Storage container for freezer

Steps:
First, setting up the cooling apparatus. Stir ice and salt in the larger container.
Then, combine the ingredients. Mix together the milk, sugar, and vanilla in the glass
bowl. Then, set this bowl in the tub filled with ice and rock salt, making sure that the salt
water does not spill into the bowl.

Next, mix the ice cream. Mix the ingredients in the small container vigorously. The salty
ice mixture will cool the mixture down until it turns into ice cream. It should take about
10 to 15 minutes to stir the ice cream using either method. Stir until it is free from ice
crystals and is the right consistency.

Last, storage and serving. ice cream is ready.

Exercise

Ladies and Gentlemen, in case of emergency, take the life jacket which is located under your seat.
Put the life jacket over your head and then fasten the jacket tapes around you’re your waist.
Do not inflate the jacket until you left the aircraft. The jacket will be automatically inflated by pulling a cord,
but if not, you can blow into the chip to inflate it.
A light is attached to the jacket for attracting attention. The life jacket should be removed only in case of
emergency.
The use of TV set, AM and FM radios and radio cassettes recorders, walkman, and any mobile phones
are prohibited on board as they interfere the communication and navigational system.
We wish you an enjoyable flight.

1. Where is the life jacket located?

A. Over the head
B. Around the waist.
C. Outsite the aircraft.
D. In the back of the seat.
E. Under the seat.
2. What can interfere the navigatioanl system
A. Table.
B. The life jacket.
C. Mobile phones
D. The attached light.
E. Tapes around the waist.

A quick and easy cheese cake recipe

Yield : 6 servings
Prep. Time :5 minutes
Cook Time : 40 minutes
Total Time : 45 minutes

Ingredients:
16 ounces cream cheese, 2 packages, softened
½ cup sugar
½ teaspoon vanilla
2 large eggs
4 ounces semi-sweet chocolate chips
1 prepared Graham cracker crust

Directions:
Beat cream cheese, sugar and vanilla at medium speed until well-blended. Blend in 2 eggs. Stir in
chocolate chips then pour batter into Graham cracker chust. (you may sprinkle ¼ cup mini semi sweet
chocolate chips on top if you desire).
Bake at 35calcius for 40 minutes, or until certer is almost set. Cool.
For best results refrigerate for 3 hours.

3. How many persons is the cake for?

A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 35
E. 2
4. The goal of the text is to tell about . . . . .
A. how to beat cream cheese
B. how to blend sugar and vanilla
C. how to bake chocolate cheese and cake
D. how make chocolate cheese cake
E. how to make mini sweet chocolate chips
5. The text is called a/an . . . . .
A. explanation
B. description
C. procedure
D. report
E. spoof

BIOGRAFI TEXT

Biography text is a detailed description or account of a person’s life and written by

someone else, it is nonfiction text.

Generic Structure
1. Orientation (Introduction)
It is the opening paragraph, gives the readers the background information of the person.
Biasanya berisi tentang biodata yang dinarasikan seperti nama lengkap, tempat dan
tanggal lahir. Beberapa informasi umum juga dapat disajikan pada bagian ini sebagai
pengenalan tokoh.
2. Events
In events, should be in chronological order.
Tahap ini adalah bagian kejadian atau peristiwa yang dialami oleh tokoh. Berisi
penjelasan suatu cerita baik itu berupa pemecahan masalah, proses berkarir, dan
berbagai peristiwa yang pernah dialami oleh tokoh hingga mengantarkannya pada
sebuah kesuksesan.

3. Re-Orientation (Closing)
It consists of a conclusion or comment or the writer. Tell about the achievement or the
contribution of the person.
Pada penutup, bagian ini berisi tentang pandangan penulis kepada tokoh yang
dikisahkan. Reorentasi ini bersifat pilihan yang berarti penulis bisa memberikan
pandangan pribadinya tentang tokoh yang diceritakan atau penulis tidak memberikan
pandangan pribadinya terhadap tokoh yang diceritakan adalah bukan perkara yang
penting.
Grammar and Language Features
Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense adalah menu utama dalam membuat Teks Biografi. Sebuah bentuk
sederhana kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau. Menggunakan bentuk kata kerja
kedua (verb 2).

Contoh:

 Harry Edward Styles was born in Redditch, Worcestershire on 1 February 1994.

 He is the son of Anne Cox (née Selley) and Desmond “Des” Styles, who worked in
finance.

 Many of his ancestors were farm laborers in Norfolk.

 Styles was raised in Holmes Chapel, Cheshire after his parents moved there along with
his older sister, Gemma, when he was a child.

 He attended Holmes Chapel Comprehensive School.

Temporal Sequence and Temporal Conjunction.

Sebagai penghubung antara satu kalimat dengan kalimat lain dalam urutan waktu.

 Temporal Sequence (urutan waktu)

 Temporal Conjunction (konjungsi temporal).

Contoh:

 Styles’ parents divorced when he was seven and his mother later was remarried to
Robin Twist; he died in 2017.

Focus on Specific participants

Use of Action verbs.

Menjelaskan sesuatu hal yang secara aktif dilakukan oleh tokoh dengan menggunakan
beberapa kata kerja dalam bentuk V2 atau Past Form.

Contoh:

 Styles launched his own record label, Erskine Records, in May and he signed a
recording contract with Columbia Records as a solo artist, the same label behind One
Direction, in June.
  Styles wrote the song “Someday” in collaboration with Meghan Trainor for Michael
Bublé’s album Nobody but Me, released in October.

Example

Ki Hadjar Dewantoro

Ki Hadjar Dewantoro, was born on born May 2, 1889, at Yogyakarta. He come

from a noble family of Yogyakarta and attended a Dutch-sponsored medical
school but failed to complete the course.

Ki Hadjar Dewantoro was the founder of the Taman Siswa school system, an
influential and widespread network of schools that encouraged modernization
but also promoted indigenous Indonesian culture. He felt that education was the
best means to strengthen Indonesians.

The first Taman Siswa schools were established in Java in July 1922. Instruction,
carried on informally, emphasized traditional skills and values of Javanese life,
particularly music and dance. Western subjects were taught, too, in order to help
students cope with the demands of modern life. Based on traditional Javanese
concepts, the Taman Siswa schools appealed primarily to those segments of
Indonesian society termed abangan, in which the Islamic faith is less deeply
entrenched.

Ki Hadjar Dewantorodied on April 26, 1959, at. Yogyakarta. Upon his death he
was acclaimed a national hero.

Exercise
Kang Chol Hwan was born into a loyal family that had once lived in the large Korean community of Japan.
In Kyoto, his grandfather had been supporter of Kim II Sung, North Korean’s Great Leader since 1945. In
1961 the grandfather returned with his family to North Korea and had important government post.
Within months, however, he was complaining to friends that North Korea was not the country he had
expecteD. He was shocked to see so much poverty, which he eventually came to blame on the
government’s stifl ing left for work and never returneD. One morning in July 1977, when Kang was nine,
his grandfather left for work and never returned.
A few weeks later, seven plain clothes security guard stormed into Kang’s house “Your grandfather
betrayed the fatherland,” one of them stated” You must be punished.”
Kang’s parents and grandmother sobbed as they forced to pack their belongings into two army trucks.
The family was driven off, but Kang’s mother was left behind, “spared” because her own father was
regarded as a revolutationary hero. That was the last Kang ever saw her.

1. What was a reason for Kang’s grandfather never returned to Kang’s house?
A. A supporter of Kim II Sung
B. Accused of betraying North Korea
C. Regarded as a hero
D. As an important person in Korea
E. Force Kang’s family to leave their homeland
2. What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph?
A. The last minutes Kang gathered together with his mother
B. The day Kang ever saw his grandma and grandpa
C. The moment Kang’s father was regarded as a hero
D. The last day Kang’s parents and his grandma sobbed
E. The sad moment when Kang’s parents meet grandma
3. Why did Kang’s grandfather disappear?
A. He left for work and went somewhere else
B. He returned to North Korea
C. He was supporter of Kim II Sung
D. He went to the government’s office
E. He was kidnapped and punished by the security guards
4. A few weeks later, seven plain clothes security guards stormed into Kang’s housE. The word “stormed”
has the same meaning as ….
A. Destroyed
B. Attacked
C. Knocked
D. Involved
E. Knotted
5. What a type of text?
A. Biography
B.Recount
C.Narrative
D.Report
E.Caption
SONG LYRICS

We Want Peace
Lenny Kravitz

Come on people
It's time to get together
It's time for the revolution!

Here is once again in our face

Why haven't we learn from our past
We're at the crossroads of our human race
Why are we kicking our own ass

We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
And We want it fast

We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
And We want it fast

We're on the eve of destruction my friends

We are about to go to far
Politicians think that war is the way
But we know that love has the power

We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
And We want it fast

We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
And We want it fast

The solution is simple and fame

There won't be peace if we don't try
In a war there is nothing to gain
When so many people will die

We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
And We want it fast

We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
We want it yes
We want peace
And We want it fast

ENGLISH LEARNING MODULE

“ GRAMMAR”
Name : Aprilian Anggitaningrum
Class : XII Social 1

SMA Negeri 103 Jakarta

Perum Klender, Jl. Mawar Merah VI, RT.13/RW.4, Malaka Jaya, Duren Sawit, Kota Jakarta

Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13460

ACTIVE AND PASIVE VOICE

Active voice means that a sentence has a subject that acts upon
its verb. Passive voice means that a subject is a recipient of a
verb’s action.
The Formula is :

The Example in Tenses

1. They translated some old documents last week. What is the passive form of
this sentence?
A) Some old documents are translated by them last week.
B) Some old documents have been translated by them last week.
C) Some old documents were being translated by them last week.
D) Some old documents were translated by them last week.
E) Some old documents been translated by them last week.
Karena pola kalimat di atas adalah past tense, maka kalimat pasif mengikuti pola dasar.
Sehingga jawaban di atas menjadi Some old documents were translated by them last
week. Jawaban: D
2. The important email has been sent by my secretary. What is the active
form of this sentence?
A) My secretary was sending the important email
B) My secretary sends the important email
C) My secretary is sending the important email
D) My secretary has been sending the important email
E) My secretary has sent the important email
Kalimat pasif di atas memiliki pola present perfect, sehingga kalimat aktif
menjadi Subject + ha/have + V3 + Object. Jawaban: E
3. We’ll be visiting our grandmother next week. What is the passive form of
this sentence?
A) Our grandmother will be being visited by us next week.
B) Our grandmother will be visited by us next week.
C) Our grandmother would be visited by us next week.
D) Our grandmother would be being visited by us next week.
E) Our grandmother would have been visited by us next week.
Pola kalimat di atas merupakan future continuous tense. Sehingga pola kalimat pasif
menjadi our grandmother will be being visited by us next week. Jawaban: A
4. We can see many beautiful paintings in this exhibition. They were ……. by
famous Indonesian painter.
A) Painting
B) Painted
C) Paint
D) Be Painting
E) Being painting
Sesuai dengan pola kalimat pasif menggunakan Subject + to be + Verb3. Jawaban: B
5. Two tents for our camping would …….. by my mother.
A) Being bought
B) Been bought
C) Be bought
D) Bought
E) Been buying
Karena sebelum bagian kosong pada kalimat di atas terdapat modal berupa would,
maka setelah itu harus berupa bentuk kata kerja dasar. Jawaban: C
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SENTENCES
Direct Speech is sentence words that are spoken directly by the speaker.

Indirect Speech (Indirect Sentence) is a sentence that is spoken to report the speaker's words to others.
So, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) is used when we want to report someone's words to others
indirectly.

Direct & Indirect Speech Type :

 I. Statement (pernyataan)
II. Question (pertanyaan)

Changes that need to be from Direct to Indirect Speech:

1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs

Direct Indirect
Am/is/are - was/were
Shall/will - should/would
Can - could
May - might
Must
Have/has to - had to
Ought to

2. Time & Place

Direct Indirect
now - then
tomorrow - the following day
next week - the following week
tonight - that night
today - that day
yesterday - the day before
last night - the night before
last week - the week before,
the precious week
here - there
 this - that
these - those

3. Tenses
Direct Indirect
Simple present - simple past
Simple past
- past perfect
Present perfect
Present continous - past continous
Present perfect continous - past perfect continous
Simple future - past future

I. STATEMENT
In the Indirect Statement we use the word that (that) as a link between the introductory sentence
(introduce phrase) and the words that are reported (reported words). The introductory sentences in the
indirect statement are:

He said
He said to me that + reported words
He told me

Example :
1. Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”
Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice.
2. Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow”
Father said that he was going out of town the following day.

3. Mary told John “my father warned me last night”

 Mary told John that her father had arned her the night before.
If the introductory sentence is in the form of a Simple Present Tense, then the sentence reported
does not change.

Example :
- John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”
- John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow

- Mary says “I have seen that film”

- Mary says that she has seen that film.

- My brother says “I met Tom at the party last night”

- My brother says that he met Tom at the party last night.

II. QUESTION
When direct questions use question words such as; Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, etc.,
then these words are used as a link in reported Speech. Reported questions turn out to be
positive. The introductory sentence is:

He asked me where
When etc.

Example :

- The man asked me : “Where do you live ?”

- The man asked me where I lived.

- John asked Mary : “Why do you get angry with me ?”

- John asked Mary why she got angry with him.

- I asked him : “When did you get back from your trip ?”
 - I asked him when he had got back from his trip.

III. If direct questions do not use question words, and only in the form of

"Yes & No Question", then we use the words if, whether (if, whether) as a link

between the introductory sentence and the questions reported.

Example :

- The boy asked John : “Does Mary live near here?”

- The boy asked John if Mary lived near there.

- The teacher asked her : “Have you finish your homework ?”

- The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.

- Mary asked me : “Did you she John at the party the night before.
- Mary asked me whether I had seen John at the party the night before.

1. Helen said Jono, “May I borrow your dictionary tomorrow?”. What did Helen say to Jono…

a. Helen said Jono to borrow her dictionary tomorrow

b. Helen said Jono if/whether he might borrow her dictionary the following day
c. Helen said Jono whether she might borrow her dictionary the following day
d. Helen said Jono to borrow her dictionary the following day
e. Helen said Jono if/whether she might borrowed her dictionary the following day

Jawaban: C
2. Sofia said my mom, “Can I meet your daughter, Mila, now?”. We know that…

a. Sofia asked my mom if she could meet her daughter, Mila, then
b. Sofia asked my mom if she could met her daughter, Mila, then
c. Sofia asked my mom if she can meet her daughter, Mila, then
d. Sofia asked my mom if she could met her daughter, Mila, now
e. Sofia asked my mom if she can meet his daughter, Mila, then

Jawaban : A
3. My father asked My brother, “Will we spend the holiday in Lampung next month?”. We can conclude
that…
a. My father asked my brother whether we would spent the holiday in Lampung the following month
b. My father asked my brother whether they would spend the holiday in Lampung the following month
c. My father asked my brother whether they would spend the holiday in Lampung the following month
d. My father asked my brother whether they would spend the holiday in Lampung the next month
e. My father asked my brother whether we would have spent the holiday in Lampung the following month

Jawaban: B
4. Miftahul said Dwi, “Will you marry me?”. We can conclude that……

a. Miftahul asked Dwi if she would marry him

b. Miftahul asked Dwi if he would marry him
c. Miftahul asked Dwi if he would marry hers
d. Miftahul asked Dwi if he would marry her
e. Miftahul asked Dwi if he will marry her

Jawaban : D
5. Fairuz said me, “Shall I go now?”. We can conclude that…….

a. Fairuz asked me that he should go then

b. Fairuz asked me that he should go now
c. Fairuz asked me if he should go now
d. Fairuz asked me if he shall go then
e. Fairuz asked me whether he should go then

Jawaban : E

IF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

• Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to
express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition
(in the clause with if) is fulfilled.

Parts of Conditional Sentences

a. Conditional Clause
The conditional clause is a dependent clause beginning with “if.” All
conditional sentences have a clause beginning with “if” because it
expresses the conditions (what must or might have happen), like this:

 If you want
 If I am late to school
 If you don’t do your homework
 If I hadn’t eaten so much candy

b. Main Clause
The main clause is what provides the rest of the information to
complete a conditional sentence. It’s an independent clause that
states the result of the conditional “if” clause. In other words, it’s the
“then” part of an if/then situation. In these examples, the main clauses
are orange.
 If you want, I can go with you to the store.
 If I am late to school, I will get detention.
 If I don’t do my homework, the teacher yells.
 If I hadn’t eaten so much candy, I might be hungry.

First Conditional

if + Simple Present – Present Future

The first conditional shares the result of situation in the future that we
think is pretty likely to happen. Its form uses a conditional clause in
the present simple, and the main clause in the future tense. The main
clause will use a modal, like would, should, could, will, may, might, or can.
First Examples:

S – Verb 1 S – Will – Verb 1

If I study I will pass the exam.

Second Example :

S – To Be S – Will – Verb 1
If you are not hurry you will miss the train

Second Conditional
The second conditional shows possible outcomes that could occur in
the present or future, if specific conditions exist. To put it simply,

if + Simple Past – Past Future

second conditionals reflect ideas of “if you did this, this can happen.”
BUT, the “did” hasn’t actually happened yet, it’s just possible.

The second conditional’s form uses a conditional clause in the past

simple, and the main clause in the future tense, also using modals.

First Example :

S – Verb 2 S – Would – Verb 1

If I studied well my scores would increase

Second Example :
 S – To Be (Were) S – Would – Verb 1
If I were you I would get my hair cut

Third Conditional

if + Past Perfect – Past Future Perfect

The third conditional lets us contemplate what could have happened if

things went differently in the past. It lets us reflect upon things in the
way of “if this had happened, this could have happened.”
First Example

S – Had – Verb 3 S – Would – Have – Verb 3

If I had studied harder I would have gotten a better job
Second example
 S – Had – Been S – Would – Have – Verb 3
If the train had been late We would have missed our
appointment
EXERCISE

SUBJUCTIVE WISH

Subjuctive Wish is reality or facts and expectations contradict or contradict with expectations. The words
that can express it are wish, if only, would rather and as if / as though.

There are 3 Type of Subjuctive Wish :

1. Present Tense.
Formula :
Subjunctive Verb + S + Verb-2.
Example:
a. I wish I knew what to do.
The Fact: I don’t know what to do.
b. If only I didn’t have homework, I can sleep.
The Fact : I have homework.
c. : Stay calm and act as if there was nothing happen
The Fact: There is something happen.
 Future Tense.
Formula :
Subjunctive Verb + Subject + Could/Would + infintive/verb-1.
Contoh:
a. I wish I could come to your party tomorrow.
The Fact : I will not come.
 b. If only I could follow the tour to Bali next month.
The Fact : I will not follow.
c. You bring an umbrella as if today would rain. Don’t you see sun shines so bright?
The Fact : Today will not rain.
 Past Tense.
Formula :
Subjunctive Verb + Subject + had + Verb-3.
Contoh Kalimat:
a. I wish I had studied harder when I was at school.
The Fact : I did not study hard.
b. If only I had known that Sean is your girl, I would not touch her.
The Fact : I did not know.
c. She just passed in front of me as though she had never know me.
The Fact: She knew me.

EXERCISE

1. My mom wished that I … to Bali yesterday.

Didn’t go
Went
Hadn’t gone
Don’t go
Would go
Jawaban: C
2. The assistant manager acted as if she …
Were the manager
Had been the manager
Wasn’t the manager
Is the manager
Will be the manager
Jawaban: B

3. Finka would rather that my brother had met her earlier. It means …
My brother doesn’t meet her
My brother didn’t meet her
My brother met her
My brother hadn’t meet her
My brother meets her
Jawaban: B
 4. We know that they are having several problems. But they keep it to their sel.
We wish they …. to us about it now.
a. Had not talked
b. Talked
c. Did not talked
d. Talk

5. I wish somebody answered my call. The phone is been ringing for about Three
minutes
The underlined sentence means…
a. Nobody answers the phone
b. The phone would be answered
c. Somebody had answered the call
d. The phone has starter ringing

CAUSE AND EFFECT SENTENCES

Cause and effect text is a type of paragraph that contains the author's analyzes of cause and effect. This
paragraph begins with the causes described at the beginning of the sentence and then drawn to a
general conclusion that is the result of the causes that have been described.

This cause and effect paragraph model is usually used in essay writing and text explanation. This is
because this model is considered to have a clear and structured flow of ideas

The words commonly used in cause and effect are:

1.Because
2.Because of
3.Nevertheless
4.However
5.Therefore
6.Consequently

1.Because(karena)
Used in Independent Clause and Dependent Clause sentences. The meaning of Independent
Clause is a sentence that can stand alone and clear (the subject is also clear). Dependent clause is a
sentence that cannot stand alone.

There are 2 structures for making sentences cause and effect using because:

a.Independent clause + because + dependent clause

 Example : Cika study hard because she wants to get the first rank at school.
b.Because + Dependent clause + Independent clause
Example :Because she wants to get the first rank at school, Cika study hard.
(Perhatikan penempatan tanda baca terutama koma)

2.Because of

Used to connect Independent clause and noun or noun phrase. Noun or noun phrase is a noun (phrase).
(Explanation of Independent clause is the same as above). There are 2 ways to make the cause and effect
sentence using Because of:

a. Independent clause + because of +noun or noun phrase

Example : Jessy got a stomachache because of this spicy rujak.

b. Because of + noun or noun phrase + Independent clause
Example :Because of this spicy rujak, Jessy got a stomachache.

3.Nevertheless(meskipun, namun)
Functioning to connect two opposite sentences between cause and effect.

Compilation rules:

1st sentence + Nevertheless + 2nd sentence

Example : Johan is sick. Nevertheless, he still go to school.

4.However(bagaimanapun)
Functioning to connect two opposite sentences between cause and effect (almost the same
usefulness as Nevertheless).

Compilation rules:

1st sentence + However + 2nd sentence

Example : My brother is a lazy student. However, he gets the first rank at school.

5.Therefore
Functioning to connect two sentences that are related and unidirectional (not opposite) between the
sentence of cause and effect sentence.

Compilation rules:

1st sentence + Therefore + 2nd sentence

Example : My sister is a diligent student. Therefore, she gets the first rank at school.
6.Consequently

Functioning to connect two sentences that are related and unidirectional (not opposite) between the
sentence of cause and effect sentence (almost as useful as Therefore). Compilation rules:
1st sentence + consequently + 2nd sentence
Example : Jein didn't study last night. Consequently, she gets a bad score on exam.

EXERCISE :

1.Elsa was ill yesterday....She didn't eat anything

a. Above
b. Because <--- Answer
c. Be patient
d. Begin

2.Rangga came late to school....He got up at 7 O'clock this

Morning
a. Getting better
b. Came in
c. Where are you?
d. Wherefore<--- Answer

3.She can't go to his uncle's house....she is busy

a. Of
b. on
c. Because <----answer
d. Look for

4. I love living in Australia ______________ the weather.

a. because
b. since
c. as
d. because of
5. “He got to work really, really late ‘cos he missed his train”.
Which cause and effect word is ‘cos short for?
a. due to
b. because
c. as
d. since