34

Second year
2.1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (THEORY)
Theory : 3 Hrs. /Week
1. Scope of the Subject: This course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of the
relevant aspects of pathology of various conditions with reference to its
pharmacological applications, and understanding of basic Pathophysiological
mechanisms. Hence it will not only help to study the syllabus of pathology, but also
to get baseline knowledge of its application in other subject of pharmacy.

2. Objectives of the Subject : Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to –
a. describe the etiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states;
b. name the signs and symptoms of the diseases; and
c. mention the complications of the diseases.
Text books (Theory)
a. Pathologic basis of disease by- Cotran, Kumar, Robbins
b. Text book of Pathology- Harsh Mohan
c. Text book of Pathology- Y.M. Bhinde
Reference books (Theory)
a. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics; Second edition; Roger Walker; Churchill
Livingstone publication

3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule :

Chapter
1 Basic principles of cell injury and Adaptation
a) Causes, Pathogenesis and morphology of cell injury
b) Abnormalities in lipoproteinaemia, glycogen infiltration and glycogen
infiltration and glycogen infiltration and glycogen storage diseases
2 Inflammation
a) Pathogenesis of acute inflammation, Chemical mediators in
inflammation, Types of chronic inflammation
b) Repairs of wounds in the skin, factors influencing healing of wounds
3 Diseases of Immunity
a) Introduction to Tand B cells
b) MHC proteins or transplantation antigens
c) Immune tolerance
- Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity type I, II, III, IV, Biological significance, Allergy
due to food, chemicals and drugs
- Autoimmunity
Criteria for autoimmunity, Classifications of autoimmune diseases in
man, mechanism of autoimmunity, Transplantation and immunologic
tolerance, allograft rejections, transplantation antigens, mechanism
of rejection of allograft.
- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
 35

- Amylodosis
4 Cancer: differences between benign and malignant tumors, Histological
diagnosis of malignancy, invasions and metastasis, patterns of spread,
disturbances of growth of cells, classification of tumors, general biology of
tumors, spread of malignant tumors, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer.
5 Types of shock, mechanisms, stages and management
6 Biological effects of radiation
7 Environmental and nutritional diseases
i) Air pollution and smoking- SO2,NO, NO2, and CO
ii) Protein calorie malnutrition, vitamins, obesity, pathogenesis of
starvation.
8 Pathophysiology of common diseases
a. Parkinsonism
b. Schizophrenia
c. Depression and mania
d. Hypertension,
e. Stroke (ischaemic and hemorrhage)
f. Angina, CCF, Atherosclerosis, Myocardial infarction
g. Diabetes Mellitus
h. Peptic ulcer and inflammatory bowel diseases
i. Cirrhosis and Alcoholic liver diseases
j. Acute and chronic renal failure
k. Asthma and chronic obstructive airway diseases
9 Infectious diseases :
Sexually transmitted diseases (HIV,Syphilis,Gonorrhea), Urinary tract
infections, Pneumonia, Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Malaria Dysentery
(bacterial and amoebic ), Hepatitis- infective hepatitis.
4. Assignments :
Title of the Experiment
1 Chemical Mediators of inflammation
2 Drug Hypersensitivity
3 Cigarette smoking & its ill effects
4 Biological Effects of Radiation
5 Etiology and hazards of obesity
6 Complications of diabetes
7 Diagnosis of cancer
8 Disorders of vitamins
9 Methods in Pathology-Laboratory values of clinical significance
10 Pathophysiology of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Format of the assignment
1 Minimum & Maximum number of pages.
2. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
3. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year
4. It shall be computer draft copy.
5. Name and signature of the student
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.
 36

2.2 PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (THEORY)

Theory : 3 Hrs. /Week

1. Scope of the Subject: Microbiology has always been an essential component of

pharmacy curriculum. This is because of the relevance of microbiology to pharmaceutical
sciences and more specifically to pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical biotechnology
is the logical extension of pharmaceutical microbiology, which is expected to change the
complete drug product scenario in the future.
This course deals with the various aspects of microorganisms, its classification,
morphology, laboratory cultivation identification and maintenance. Its also discusses with
sterilization of pharmaceutical products, equipment, media etc. The course further
discusses the immunological preparations, diseases its transmission, diagnosis, control
and immunological tests.

2. Objectives of the Subject :

Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to –
a. know the anatomy, identification, growth factors and sterilization of microorganisms;
b. know the mode of transmission of disease causing microorganism, symptoms of
disease, and treatment aspect;
c. do estimation of RNA and DNA and there by identifying the source;
d. do cultivation and identification of the microorganisms in the laboratory;
e. do identification of diseases by performing the diagnostic tests; and
f. appreciate the behavior of motility and behavioral characteristics of microorganisms.

Text books (Theory)

a. Vanitha Kale and Kishor Bhusari ― Applied Microbiology ‖ Himalaya Publishing
house Mumbai.
b. Mary Louis Turgeon ― Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicines‖ 2 nd
edition, 1996 Mosby- Year book inc St. Louis Missouri 63146.
c. Harsh Mohan, ― Text book of Pathology‖ 3 rd edition, 1998, B-3 Ansari road Darya
ganj N. Delhi.

Reference books (Theory)

a. Prescot L.M., Jarley G.P Klein D.A ―Microbiology‖ 2 nd - edition Mc Graw Hill
Company Inc
b. Rawlins E.A.‖Bentley’s Text Book of Pharmaceutics‖ B ailliere Tindals 24-28
London 1988
c. Forbisher ― Fundamentals of Microbiology‖ Philidelphia W.B. Saunders.
d. Prescott L.M. Jarley G.P., Klein.D.A. ― Microbiology.‖2 nd edition WMC Brown
Publishers, Oxford. 1993
e. War Roitt, Jonathan Brostoff, David male, ― Immunology‖3 rd edition 1996, Mosby-
year book Europe Ltd, London.
f. Pharmacopoeia of India, Govt of India, 1996.
 37

3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule :

Title of the topic
1 Introduction to the science of microbiology. Major divisions of microbial
world and Relationship among them.
2 Different methods of classification of microbes and study of Bacteria,
Fungi, virus, Rickettsiae, Spirochetes.
3 Nutritional requirements, growth and cultivation of bacteria and virus.
Study of different important media required for the growth of aerobic and
anaerobic bacteria & fungi. Differential media, enriched media and
selective media, maintenance of lab cultures.
4 Different methods used in isolation and identification of bacteria with
emphasis to different staining techniques and biochemical reactions.
Counting of bacteria -Total and Viable counting techniques.
5 Detailed study of different methods of sterilization including their merits
and demerits. Sterilization methods for all pharmaceutical products.
Detailed study of sterility testing of different pharmaceutical preparations .
Brief information on Validation.
6 Disinfectants- Study of disinfectants, antiseptics, fungicidal and virucidal
agents factors affecting their activation and mechanism of action.
Evaluation of bactericidal, bacteristatic, , virucidal activities, evaluation of
preservatives in pharmaceutical preparations.
7 Immunology- Immunity, Definition, Classification, General principles of
natural immunity, Phagocytosis, acquired immunity( active and passive ) .
Antigens, chemical nature of antigens structure and formation of
Antibodies, Antigen-Antibody reactions. Bacterial exotoxins and
endotoxins. Significance of toxoids in active immunity, Immunization
programme, and importance of booster dose.
8 Diagnostic tests : Schick’s Test, Elisa test, Western Blot test, Southern Blot
PCR Widal, QBC, Mantaux Peripheral smear. Study of malarial parasite.
9 Microbial culture sensitivity Testing: Interpretation of results Principles
and methods of different microbiological assays, microbiological assay of
Penicillin, Streptomycin and vitamin B2 and B 12. Standardisation of
vaccines and sera.
10 Study of infectious diseases: Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Cholera,
Hepatitis, Meningitis, Syphilis & Gonorrhea and HIV.

2.2 PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (PRACTICAL)

Practical : 3 Hrs./Week

Title of the Experiment:

1 Study of apparatus used in experimental microbiology*.
2 Sterilisation of glass ware’s. Preparation of media and sterilisation.*
3 Staining techniques – Simple staining ; Gram’s staining ; Negative staining**
4 Study of motility characters*.
5 Enumeration of micro-organisms (Total and Viable)*
6 Study of the methods of isolation of pure culture.*
7 Bio chemical testing for the identification of micro*-organisms.
 38

8 Cultural sensitivity testing for some micro-organisms.*

9 Sterility testing for powders and liquids.*
10 Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration.*
11 Microbiological assay of antibiotics by cup plate method.*
12 Microbiological assay of vitamins by Turbidometric method**
13 Determination of RWC.**
14 Diagnostic tests for some common diseases, Widal, malarial parasite.**
* Indicate minor experiment & ** indicate major experiment

Assignments:
1 Visit to some pathological laboratories & study the activities and
equipment/instruments used and reporting the same.
2. Visit to milk dairies (Pasturization) and microbial laboratories(other sterization
methods) & study the activities and equipment/instruments used and reporting the
same.
3. Library assignments
a. Report of recent microbial techniques developed in diagnosing some common
diseases.
b. Latest advancement developed in identifying, cultivating & handling of
microorganisms.

Format of the assignment:

1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages.
2. It shall be computer draft copy.
3. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
4. Name and signature of the student.
5. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year.
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.

Scheme of Practical Examination:

Sessionals Annual
Synopsis 05 15
Major Experiment 10 25
Minor Experiment 03 15
Viva 02 15
Max Marks 20 70
Duration 03hrs 04hrs
Note : Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity,
promptness, viva-voce and record maintenance).
 39

2.3 PHARMACOGNOSY & PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS (THEORY)

Theory : 3 Hrs. /Week

1. Scope and objectives: This subject has been introduced for the pharmacy course in
order to make the student aware of medicinal uses of various naturally occurring
drugs its history, sources, distribution, method of cultivation, active constituents,
medicinal uses, identification tests, preservation methods, substitutes and adulterants.

2. Upon completion of the course student shall be able to:

a. under stand the basic principles of cultivation, collection and storage of crude
drugs;
b. know the source, active constituents and uses of crude drugs; and
c. appreciate the applications of primary and secondary metabolites of the plant.

3. Course materials:
Text books
a. Pharmacognosy by G.E. Trease & W.C.Evans.
b. Pharmacognosy by C.K.Kokate,Gokhale & A.C.Purohit.
Reference books
a. Pharmacognosy by Brady &Tyler.E.
b. Pharmacognosy by T.E.Wallis.
c. Pharmacognosy by C.S. Shah & Qadery.
d. Pharmacognosy by M.A. Iyengar.

4. Lecture wise programme:

Topics
1 Introduction.
2 Definition, history and scope of Pharmacognosy.
3 Classification of crude drugs.
4 Cultivation, collection, processing and storage of crude drugs.
5 Detailed method of cultivation of crude drugs.
6 Study of cell wall constituents and cell inclusions.
7 Microscopical and powder Microscopical study of crude drugs.
8 Study of natural pesticides.
9 Detailed study of various cell constituents.
10 Carbohydrates and related products.
11 Detailed study carbohydrates containing drugs.(11 drugs)
12 Definition sources, method extraction, chemistry and method
of analysis of lipids.
13 Detailed study of oils.
14 Definition, classification, chemistry and method of analysis of protein.
15 Study of plants fibers used in surgical dressings and related products.
16 Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs.
 40

2.3 PHARMACOGNOSY & PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS

(PRACTICAL)

Practical : 3 Hrs./Week

General Requirements: Laboratory Napkin, Observation Book 150 pages Zero brush,
Needle, Blade, Match box.

List of experiments:
1 Introduction of Pharmacognosy laboratory and experiments.
2 Study of cell wall constituents and cell inclusions.
3 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Datura.
4 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Senna.
5 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Cassia.cinnamon.
6 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Cinchona.
7 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Ephedra.
8 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Quassia.
9 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Clove
10 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Fennel.
11 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Coriander.
12 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Isapgol.
13 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Nux vomica.
14 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Rauwolfia.
15 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Liquorice.
16 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Ginger.
17 Macro, powder and microscopic study of Podophyllum.
18 Determination of Iodine value.
19 Determination of Saponification value and unsaponifiable matter.
20 Determination of ester value.
21 Determination of Acid value.
22 Chemical tests for Acacia.
23 Chemical tests for Tragacanth.
24 Chemical tests for Agar.
25 Chemical tests for Starch.
26 Chemical tests for Lipids.(castor oil,sesame oil, shark liver oil,bees wax)
27 Chemical tests for Gelatin.

Scheme of Practical Examination:

Sessionals Annual
Identification 04 10
Synopsis 04 10
Major Experiment 07 20
Minor Experiment 03 15
Viva 02 15
Max Marks 20 70
Duration 03hrs 04hrs
Note : Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity,
promptness, viva-voce and record maintenance.
 41

2.4 PHARMACOLOGY – I (THEORY)

Theory : 3 Hrs. /Week

1. Scope of the Subject: This subject will provide an opportunity for the student to learn
about the drug with regard to classification, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic
aspects, adverse effects, uses, dose, route of administration, precautions,
contraindications and interaction with other drugs. In this subject, apart from general
pharmacology, drugs acting on autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system,
central nervous system, blood and blood forming agents and renal system will be
taught. In addition to theoretical knowledge, the basic practical knowledge relevant to
therapeutics will be imparted.

2. Objectives of the Subject : Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to
(Know, do, appreciate) –
a. understand the pharmacological aspects of drugs falling under the above
mentioned chapters;
b. handle and carry out the animal experiments;
c. appreciate the importance of pharmacology subject as a basis of therapeutics; and
d. correlate and apply the knowledge therapeutically.

Text books (Theory) (Author, Title, Edition, Publication Place, Publisher, Year of
Publication)
a. Tripathi, K. D. Essentials of medical pharmacology. 4 th Ed, 1999. Publisher:
Jaypee, Delhi.
b. Satoskar, R.S. and Bhadarkar, S.D. Pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics. 16th
edition (single volume), 1999. Publisher: Popular, Dubai.
c. Rang, H.P. & Dale, M.M. Pharmacology. 4 th edition, 1999. Publisher: Churchill
Living stone.
Reference books (Theory)(Author, Title, Edition, Publication Place, Publisher,
Publication Year)
a. Goodman Gilman, A., Rall, T.W., Nies, A.I.S. and Taylor, P. Goodman and
Gilman’s The pharmacological Basis of therapeutics. 9 th Ed, 1996. Publisher Mc
Graw Hill, Pergamon press.
b. Craig, C.R.&Stitzel, R.E. Modern Pharmacology. Latest edition. Publisher: Little
Brown.Co
c. Katzung, B.G. Basic and clinical pharmacology. Latest edition. Publisher:
Prentice Hall, Int.
d. Shargel and Leon. Applied Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics. Latest
edition. Publisher: Prentice Hall, London.

Text books (Practical) :

Kulkarni, S. K. and Dandia, P. C. Hand book of experimental pharmacology. Latest
edition, Publisher: Vallab, Delhi.
Reference books (Practical)
a. Macleod, L.J. Pharmacological experiments on intact preparations. Latest edition,
Publisher: Churchill livingstone.
 42

b. Macleod, L.J. Pharmacological experiments on isolated preparations. Latest

edition, Publisher: Churchill livingstone.
c. Ghosh, M.N. Fundamentals of experimental pharmacology. Latest edition,
Publisher: Scientific book agency, Kolkata.
d. Ian Kitchen. Textbook of in vitro practical pharmacology. Latest edition,
Publisher: Black well Scientific.

3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule :

Title of the topic
1. General Pharmacology
a) Introduction, definitions and scope of pharmacology
b) Routes of administration of drugs
c) Pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion)
d) Pharmacodynamics
e) Factors modifying drug effects
f) Drug toxicity - Acute, sub- acute and chronic toxicity.
g) Pre-clinical evaluations
h) Drug interactions

Note: The term Pharmacology used here refers to the classification, mechanism of
action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, contraindications,
Therapeutic uses, interactions and dose and route of administration.

2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on ANS

a) Adrenergic and antiadrenergic drugs
b) Cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs
c) Neuromuscular blockers
d) Mydriactics and miotics
e) Drugs used in myasthenia gravis
f) Drugs used in Parkinsonism

3. Pharmacology of drugs acting on cardiovascular system

a) Antihypertensives
b) Anti-anginal drugs
c) Anti-arrhythmic drugs
d) Drugs used for therapy of Congestive Heart Failure
e) Drugs used for hyperlipidaemias
 43

4. Pharmacology of drugs acting on Central Nervous System

a) General anesthetics
b) Sedatives and hypnotics
c) Anticonvulsants
d) Analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents
e) Psychotropic drugs
f) Alcohol and methyl alcohol
g) CNS stimulants and cognition enhancers
h) Pharmacology of local anaesthetics

5. Pharmacology of Drugs acting on Respiratory tract

a) Bronchodilators
b) Mucolytics
c) Expectorants
d) Antitussives
e) NasalDecongestants

6. Pharmacology of Hormones and Hormone antagonists

a) Thyroid and Antithyroid drugs
b) Insulin, Insulin analogues and oral hypoglycemic agents
c) Sex hormones and oral contraceptives
d) Oxytocin and other stimulants and relaxants
7. Pharmacology of autocoids and their antagonists
a) Histamines and Antihistaminics
b) 5-Hydroxytryptamine and its antagonists
c) Lipid derived autocoids and platelet activating factor
 44

2.5 COMMUNITY PHARMACY (THEORY)

Theory : 2 Hrs. /Week

1. Scope: In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, Community Pharmacists

are expected to offer various pharmaceutical care services. In order to meet this demand,
students will be learning various skills such as dispensing of drugs, responding to minor
ailments by providing suitable safe medication, patient counselling, health screening
services for improved patient care in the community set up.

2. Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to –

a. know pharmaceutical care services;
b. know the business and professional practice management skills in community
pharmacies;
c. do patient counselling & provide health screening services to public in community
pharmacy;
d. respond to minor ailments and provide appropriate medication;
e. show empathy and sympathy to patients; and
f. appreciate the concept of Rational drug therapy.

Text Books:
a. Health Education and Community Pharmacy by N.S.Parmar.
b. WHO consultative group report.
c. Drug store & Business management by Mohammed Ali & Jyoti.
Reference books:
a. Handbook of pharmacy – health care.Edt. Robin J Harman. The Pharmaceutical press.
b. Comprehensive Pharmacy Review – Edt. Leon Shargel. Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins.
Special requirements:
1. Either the college is having model community pharmacy (meeting the schedule N
requirement) or sign MoU with at least 4-5 community pharmacies nearby to the
college for training the students on dispensing and counselling activities.
2. Special equipments like B.P apparatus, Glucometer, Peak flow meter, and apparatus
for cholesterol estimation.

3. Scheme of evaluation (80 Marks)

1. Synopsis 10
2. Major Experiment 30
(Counselling of patients with specific diseases – emphasis should be given on
Counselling introduction, content, process and conclusion)
3. Minor Experiment(Ability to measure B.P/ CBG / Lung function) 15
4. Prescription Analysis (Analyzing the prescriptions for probable drug interaction and
ability to tell the management) 15
5. Viva – Voce 10
 45

4. Lecture wise programme :

Topics
1 Definition, scope, of community pharmacy
Roles and responsibilities of Community pharmacist
2 Community Pharmacy Management
a) Selection of site, Space layout, and design
b) Staff, Materials- coding, stocking
c) Legal requirements
d) Maintenance of various registers
e) Use of Computers: Business and health care soft wares
3 Prescriptions – parts of prescription, legality & identification of medication related
problems like drug interactions.
4 Inventory control in community pharmacy
Definition, various methods of Inventory Control
ABC, VED, EOQ, Lead time, safety stock
5 Pharmaceutical care
Definition and Principles of Pharmaceutical care.
6 Patient counselling
Definition, outcomes, various stages, barriers, Strategies to overcome barriers
Patient information leaflets- content, design, & layouts, advisory labels
7 Patient medication adherence
Definition, Factors affecting medication adherence, role of pharmacist
in improving the adherence.
8 Health screening services
Definition, importance, methods for screening
Blood pressure/ blood sugar/ lung function
and Cholesterol testing
9 OTC Medication- Definition, OTC medication list & Counselling
10 Health Education
WHO Definition of health, and health promotion, care for children, pregnant & breast
feeding women, and geriatric patients.
Commonly occurring Communicable Diseases, causative agents,
Clinical presentations and prevention of communicable diseases – Tuberculosis,
Hepatitis, Typhoid, Amoebiasis, Malaria, Leprosy,
Syphilis, Gonorrhea and AIDS
Balance diet, and treatment & prevention of deficiency disorders
Family planning – role of pharmacist
11 Responding to symptoms of minor ailments
Relevant pathophysiology, common drug therapy to,
Pain, GI disturbances (Nausea, Vomiting, Dyspepsia, diarrhea, constipation), Pyrexia,
Opthalmic symptoms, worms infestations.
12 Essential Drugs concept and Rational Drug Therapy
Role of community pharmacist
13 Code of ethics for community pharmacists
 46

2.6 PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS - I (THEORY)

Theory : 3 Hrs. /Week

1. Scope of the Subject: This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary
for contribution to quality use of medicines. Chapters dealt cover briefly pathophysiology
and mostly therapeutics of various diseases. This will enable the student to understand the
pathophysiology of common diseases and their management.

2. Objectives: At completion of this subject it is expected that students will be able to

understand –
a. the pathophysiology of selected disease states and the rationale for drug therapy;
b. the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases;
c. the controversies in drug therapy;
d. the importance of preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis;
e. needs to identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy,
and monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects);
f. describe the pathophysiology of selected disease states and explain the rationale for
drug therapy;
g. summarise the therapeutic approach to management of these diseases including
reference to the latest available evidence;
h. discuss the controversies in drug therapy;
i. discuss the preparation of individualised therapeutic plans based on diagnosis; and
j. identify the patient-specific parameters relevant in initiating drug therapy, and
monitoring therapy (including alternatives, time-course of clinical and laboratory
indices of therapeutic response and adverse effects).
Text Books
a. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - Roger and Walker, Churchill Livingstone
publication.
b. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic approach - Joseph T. Dipiro et al. Appleton &
Lange.
Reference Books
a. Pathologic basis of disease - Robins SL, W.B.Saunders publication.
b. Pathology and therapeutics for Pharmacists: A Basis for Clinical Pharmacy Practice -
Green and Harris, Chapman and Hall publication.
c. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - Eric T. Herfindal, Williams and Wilkins
Publication.
d. Applied Therapeutics:The clinical Use of Drugs. Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA
e. Avery’s Drug Treatment, 4th Edn, 1997, Adis International Limited.
f. Relevant review articles from recent medical and pharmaceutical literature.
 47

3. Detailed syllabus and lecture wise schedule :

Etiopathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of diseases associated with following
systems/ diseases
Title of the topic
1 Cardiovascular system: Hypertension, Congestive cardiac failure,
Angina Pectoris, Myocardial infarction, , Hyperlipidaemias ,
Electrophysiology of heart and Arrhythmias

2 Respiratory system : Introduction to Pulmonary function test, Asthma,

Chronic obstructive airways disease, Drug induced pulmonary diseases
Endocrine system : Diabetes, Thyroid diseases, Oral contraceptives,
Hormone replacement therapy, Osteoporosis
3 General prescribing guidelines for
a. Paediatric patients
b. Geriatric patients
c. Pregnancy and breast feeding
4 Ophthalmology: Glaucoma, Conjunctivitis- viral & bacterial
5 Introduction to rational drug use
Definition, Role of pharmacist Essential drug concept Rational drug
formulations

2.6 PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS - I (PRACTICAL)

Practical : 3 Hrs./Week

Practicals :
Hospital postings in various departments designed to complement the lectures by
providing practical clinical discussion; attending ward rounds; follow up the progress and
changes made in drug therapy in allotted patients; case presentation upon discharge.
Students are required to maintain a record of cases presented and the same should be
submitted at the end of the course for evaluation. A minimum of 20 cases should be
presented and recorded covering most common diseases.

Assignments :
Students are required to submit written assignments on the topics given to them. Topics
allotted should cover recent developments in drug therapy of various diseases. A
minimum of THREE assignments [1500 – 2000 words] should be submitted for
evaluation.
 48

Format of the assignment:

1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages.
2. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
3. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year.
4. It shall be computer draft copy.
5. Name and signature of the student.
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.

Scheme of Practical Examination:

Sessionals Annual
Synopsis 05 15
Major Experiment 10 25
Minor Experiment 03 15
Viva 02 15
Max Marks 20 70
Duration 03hrs 04hrs
Note : Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity,
promptness, viva-voce and record maintenance).