11.

5 CONTROLLABLE PITCH
PROPELLER

BY : SUMARCATUR

Effective date : 13 juli 2010

 PREFACE

There are three system to moving the vessel :

• Main Engine

• Transmission System

• Propeller
The Propeller is divided into 2 type :
• Fix Propeller : Propeller that can not be
adjusted the angel of propeller blades.

• Controllable Pitch Propeller (CPP) :

the propeller that can be adjusted the angel of
its blades, so we can go ahead and astern
without change the rotating of the engine
 PROPULTION SYSTEM OF CPP

• To get Ahead & Astern movement we have to

change the angel of blade propeller.
• There are 3 controls to change angel blade.
• Pneumatics
• Hydarulics
• Electrics

• The Pitch is controlled from main stand or the

annexe stands on the bridge, or from Engine
room.
• Movement of the handle on the main
control panel causes correspondinng
impulse to be sent from transmitter to the
telemotor receiver on OD box.
• The telemotor reeiver controls the position
of the auxiliary servomotor hydraulically.
• In the engine room near the control stand
there is a valve for change over between
the bridge and the Engine room.
 Pneumatics System

Hydraulics System
 The Air Control / Pneumatics
• The air for the control is taken from starting air
tank with a prussure approx 30 bar.
• The air passes an air pressure panel consisting
of a redusing valve, filter, and a safety valve.
• The reducing valve reduces the pressure to 4.5
bar.
• The filter separate the water and other foreign
bodies.
• The Safety valve is adjusted to open at 6 bar.
• From the air pressure panel the control air is lead
to telemotor transmiter.
The Air Pressure Panel
Diagram Block of Pneumatics Control

Air regulator Telemotor Telemotor Hydraulic System

Transmitter Receiver
 Telemotor Transmitter

Engine Room Bridge

 Telemotor Receiver

• The pneumatics valve to distribute the

hydraulics oil to auxiliary servomotor.
• Controlled by the Telemotor Transmiter
(handle).
• The pneumatics control is controlled from the
bridge and engine room.
• To change the control (bridge or engine room)
we have to switch the pipe line of the air by
change over valve near the telemotor
transmitter.
• To change from engine room control to bridgewe
have to turn the change over cock to the
direction where the lamp indicator for bridge
control will ON.
• Need 24 volt DC to activate the solenoid of the
change over valve.
• Minimum pressure to operate the bridge mode is
about 6 – 7 bar.
Change Over Valve Cock

Engine Room

Bridge
 Bridge

Engine Room

Change Over
Valve

24 V
Telemotor
Receiver
• To get zero position for pitch, the handle
must be zero position.
• The air pressure for zero position is 1 bar.
• Push the handle to the right nominal of
pitch to get ahead movement.
• Pull the handle to the right nominal of pitch
if we want to get astern.
• The air pressure for ahead is 0.5 bar, and
for astern 1.5 bar.
• If CPP is not active or the harbour pump
not running the pitch full ahead, because
there is no oil pressure to compress the
spring in hub propeller.
 Corelation Between Pneumatics And Zero
Position
• Before we running the engine we have to
check the pitch is on zero position.
• The air supply for telemotor transmitter
must be 1 bar.
• When the pitch indicator in OD-box not in
zero position we have to adjust back to
zero.
Setting Zero Position

• See the zero position in OD-box (remote)

• Turn on the harbour pump.
• Open the air control (1 bar).
• If it doesn’t reach zero pitch we have to
adjust link A in telemotor receiver.
• We loosen the nut and adjust so that the
needle of pist indicator reach the zero.
Link A
Zero Position
• After the pointer reach the zero position
see the extent of pointer.
• Sometime the extence of the pointer is too
small or too wide.
• To get the right extention we lossen the
nut on the base lever on telemotor
receiver, and then adjust the bolt coming
in and out.
Extention Of Pitch Pointer

IN

OUT
Setting on telemotor transmitter

• If the zero still not reach, we can adjust

from tele motor transmitter.
• We loosen the nut and turning it so the
pointer reach zero.
• After geting the zero tightning again the
nut of telemotor transmitter.
Setting Zero Position from
TelemotorTransmitter

Loosen the nut till get

zero
 Hydraulic System

• The propeller are hydraulically operated

• The following equipment that include in
hydraulics system are :

Oil tanks

Pumps

Valve unit

Filters

Gauges
 Hydraulic System

1. Lower tank 10. Sequence valve

2. Upper tank 11. Reducing valve
3. Main pump 12. By pass valve
4. Topping up pump 13. Regulating valve, telemotor
5. Pressure oil filter receiver
6. Unloading valve 14. Pilot valve, telemotor receiver
7. Check valve 15. Auxiliary servo motor
8. Safety valve 16. Auxiliary servo motor filter
9. Pressure mainting valve 17. Oil distribution box
Oil tanks
There are two oil tanks in the system, one
upper oil tank, and one lower oil tank.
•Lower Oil Tank :
Generally built between the frames in the
double bottom of the vessel.
The pump sucks oil from the lower oil tank.
Return oil is drained to it as well as drain oil
from the OD-box and valves.
The lower tank has to be checked regularly.
It must be refilled when the oil level is under
the lower mark
• Upper Oil Tank

Connected to OD-box and consequently to

propeller hub.

The oil tank provides a static oil pressure ti

the sliding ring chamber in the OD-box and to
the hub.
 Pumps

• The oil pressure of the propeller is supplied

by two main pumps and one harbor pump.
• The position near lower tank.
• One of the main pumps is selected as main
pump and the other one is connected to
stand by pump.
• When in open sea only one pump that
operated.
• The small pump (harbor pump) only
operated when the vessel stop / berth.
 Valve Unit
• The valve unit is mounted in OD-box and
consist of the following valves :

oCheck Valves
oSequence valve
oSafety valve
oPressure maintaining valve
oReducing valve
oBy pass valve
Return oil pressure

Unloading Valve Control air Control air

filter1 filter2

Safety valve B Safety valve A Safety valve

setting make Check valve Oil Filter
different pressure 1 oil pump1 no1
Sequence valve to safety valve A and
set oil pressure for safety valve B
main pump and
stand by pump

Pressure A> Pressure B

Check valve Oil Filter

2 oil pump2 no2

Change over valve for running

1 pump Or 2 pumps

This Handle position for running 1 pump

OD Box

• Pressurized oil is distributed in this system

to turn the propeller.

• Consist of some valves to distribute the oil.

• The valves are controlled by pneumatics,

electric system, and mechanic (on
emergency situation).
 Oil Chamber

• The container of oil for inner tube

 Auxilary Servomotor

• It is a piston which is generated by

hydraulics system from telemotor receiver
 Hand Control Valve

• Valve for back up system.

• Distributing the oil to the piston.
• Controlled by electric (solenoid) and also
press by hand in emergency condition.
 Change Over Valve for Hand Control
Valve

• The solenoid valve to lock the oil current not going

directly to the piston but it have to distribute to the
hand control valve.

• We can control CPP manually using this valve but

firstly we must lock the button on the top of its valve.
 Hand Control Valve
For Load Control

• The Valve which is used when we activate

the load control.
• To activate the load control we must turn
the key on the below of this valve
 Presure Switch

• The pressure switch to generate the alarm

and start stand by pump when the oil
pressure is low
 Pressure Control
• For pressurized air to indicate the position
of propeller in manual indicator for the
bridge.
 Servo motor
• A transducer for electric position indicator
in Engine Room and bridge.
• Divided the voltage using it’s
potentiometer.
• The out put voltage is represented the
position of the propeller. VSource

Vout
Ahead

Astern
How Can Pneumatics System Regulate The
Hydraulics System

•Neutral Position :
 The oil pressure on the big slide area is regulated by choking the
second strangling hole with the pin.
The pressure in the piston become equal, so that there is no effect
on the pitch setting
•Ahead Position :
 The air pressure on the diaphragm decrease.
The spring force drive the diaphragm to the right, because of it the
oil pressure on the big piston decrease so the piston move to th e
right.
 Then the larger area of the auxiliary servomotor is connected with
the high pressure oil so the pitch change towards ahead.
•Astern Position :
 The air pressure increase
 The diaphragm / valve pin move to the left and
then the second strangling hole is shut.
The oil pressure rises on the big slide and the slide
move to the left.
 Then the larger area of auxiliary servomotor is
drained and the pitch changes toward astern.
In the oil box consist of some components
 Shaft and Hub Propeller

• The final actuator to rotate the Propeller.

• The turning of propeller is come from the
mechanism of controls (Pneumatics, Hydraulics,
and Electrics )
• The Operator operates the handle to the set
point so that the CP systems can reach that set
point.
• The Handle will regulate the pneumatics controls
and than the pneumatics will regulate the
hydraulics control.
 Diagram Block CPP Controls

Pneumatic Position
Set Point Mekanik Hydraulic
(Telemotor Transmitter
(Handle) (OD Box & Shaft)
& Receiver)
 Shaft
• Transmission component from the engine
to the propeller.
• The shaft continue the axial force from the
engine.
• To connect the shaft propeller to the
engine shaft we use sleeve coupling or
muff coupling.
 Sleeve Coupling

Sleeve Coupling

Shaft Propeller

Shaft Mesin
 HUB PROPELLER
• In the hub propeller there is servomotor
which turn the propeller blade.
• The servo motor consist of piston rod with
a piston which move axially when the
pressure oil is led to either side of the
piston.
HUB
Hub Cone

Safety Springs

Piston
 Hub Body
Piston Rod

Crank Pin Ring

Blade Sealing
Dowel

Shaft Flange Bolt

Safety Valve
 Blade Bolt

Blade

Dowel
(Blade)
Connection
Blade and Piston Hub
 Blade and Piston Hub
• The piston rods is equipped with four or five
“ears” depending on the propeller blades.
• Each ear has a transverse slot in with a shoe
slides.
• The eccentrics crank pin fits into the hole of the
sliding shoe.
• The crank pin ring is supported in a bearing
which is built in into the hub body
How the movements of the piston affect the
blade pitch
• When the piston rod moves, the crank pin
ring rotates with the circular movement
transmitted via the piston, piston rod slot,
sliding shoe and crank pin.
• Then the propeller blade, which is bolted
to the crank pin rind, turns.
 Electric Control
• The CPP can be controlled by electric
system.
• It is simple and easy to operate.
• To activate we have to switch on the
control.
• The electric feed back signal from
servomotor is using for electric indicator
on the panel (Control Desk & Bridge)
 Back Up Control

Pitch Indicator

Ahead

Astern

Switch
OFF ON
• We only push the push button the console
to maneuver ahead & astern.
• But make sure that the change over cock
already adjusted in correct position.
• If the pitch indicator is not zero, we must
adjust to the zero position on the electric
card.
• We just turn the variable resistor in the
card.
Setting Zero Position

Setting electric
zero position
• If the adjustment of zero position can not
be zero, we have to adjust from servo
motor in the upper of oil chamber on the
OD-Box
• Loosen the nut which is tightening the
lever to the servo motor, and then turn the
servo motor shaft until the indicator can be
zero.
 Electrical Diagram

• The Alternating Current (220 V) is rectified to the Direct

Current (24 V)
• It should be rectified because the solenoid can work only
with 24V DC
• After we change the switch on the control desk we push
the astern or the ahead button.
• When we push the ahead button, the current flow to the
terminal 42, then energized the solenoid, and then come
out fro terminal 43 and back to the rectified source.
• When we push the astern button the current from
terminal 42 energized the solenoid coil and then come
out to the terminal 41 and then going back to the
negative source
 THE OPERATION PROCEDURE OF
KAMEWA CPP

• AFTER STOPING THE MAIN ENGINE : Start the harbor pump to

avoid water entry to the hub
• BEFORE STARTING THE MAIN ENGINE
– Check the header tank level, check for water and drain it.
– Check the oil level of double bottom hydraulic oil tank
– Set the pump, one for operation and one for stand by, to avoid the full
ahead effect, because of there is no oil pressure to against spring tension in
the hub if the operational pump is fail.
• CHECK OPERATIONAL / LOCAL & REMOTE GAUGES
BEFORE MANEUVERING

• CHECK AND CLEAN THE PENCIL FILTER PERIODICALLY

• CHECK THE AIR FILTER OF THE PRESSURE REGULATOR
AND DRAIN THE WATER.

• TAKE THE CPP HYDARULIC OIL SAMPLE EVERY 3 MONTHS

TO SEND TO THE LABORATORY.