Contents

Getting Started 1
Description of the Function
Blocks 2

Examples 3
SIMATIC
Technical Specifications 4
PID Self-Tuner

User Manual

This manual is part of the software

package with order number:
6ES7860-4AA00-0YX0
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Contents

1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

2 Description of the Function Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1 Area of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.2 FB “TUNING_C” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.3 FB “TUNING_S” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1 Working Examples for the “PID Control” Controller Integrated in STEP 7 3-2
3.1.1 Example 1: Initial Tuning of a Step Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.1.2 Example 2: Initial Tuning of a Continuous Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3.1.3 Example 3: Initial Tuning of a Continuous Controller with Pulse Generator 3-6
3.2 Examples of Interconnecting Blocks with Further PID Controllers . . . . . . . 3-8
3.2.1 The “PID Control” Control Package Integrated in STEP 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3.2.2 “Standard PID Control” optional package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
3.2.3 “Modular PID Control” Optional Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
3.2.4 FM 355 and FM 455 Controller Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
3.3 Pure Cooling Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
4 Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 i
 PID Self-Tuner
ii C79000-G7076-C825-01
Getting Started 1
Aims You want to control a temperature process that is driven by a semiconductor
relay using SIMATIC S7 PID Control and want the PID controller parameters
to be set online using the PID Self–Tuner.
To complete your application quickly, work through the steps outlined below
one after the other.

Requirements The following requirements must be met:

You have an S7-300/400 station consisting of a power supply, a CPU, an
analog input module and a digital output module.

STEP 7 (
V3.1) is installed on your programming device.

The programming device is connected to the CPU.

Installing the PID Follow the steps outlined below:

Self–Tuner on the

Make a copy of your original diskettes.
Programming
Device
Using your copy, install the software by starting the SETUP.EXE
installation program on diskette 1.

Creating a New Create a new project in the SIMATIC manager and insert a SIMATIC 300 or
Project a SIMATIC 400 station. You can then configure your station with the
appropriate modules in Hardware Configuration. At this point, you can
already set the cycle time for OB35 to 20 ms.

Copying a Working n the SIMATIC manager, you can now copy the working example 3 “initial
Example to your tuning of a continuous controller with pulse generator” into your project from
Project TunPIDEx. Download your project to the CPU and familiarize yourself with
the example as described in Section 3.1.3.

Wiring the Process Wire the sensor that measures the process variable to be controlled to the
for the analog input module. In your project, you must assign the appropriate
Manipulated and peripheral input word PIWx to the PV_PER input for the CONT_C call. The
Process Variables PVPER_ON parameter must be set to TRUE. Now check your process value
in the curve recorder or in a VAT. You can normalize the process variable
with the parameters PV_FAC and PV_OFF.

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 1-1
Getting Started

Wire the digital output module to the semiconductor relay that controls the
heating. In your project you must assign the appropriate output bit (Qx.y) to
the QPOS_P output for the PULSEGEN call in OB35. Check the heating of
the process in the manual mode. In the variable declaration table VAT
TUNING_C you can set MAN_ON to TRUE and set individual manipulated
values in MAN.

Process Analysis .Apply a manipulated value jump for example from 0% to 30% to the heating
and record the step response of the process variable with the curve recorder
of PID Control. Check the operating range of the PID Self–Tuner. This is
described in Section 2.1.

Startup/Test Allow the process to cool to ambient temperature. Switch the parameter
“DI_TUNING_C”.TUN_ON to TRUE in the variable declaration table VAT
TUNING_C. Wait until the process variable is more or less constant and then
apply a setpoint jump with the parameter “DI_CONT_C”.SP_INT.
After the process settles to the operating point, you can test the control
response of the initial controller settings based on small setpoint jumps
around the operating point or by applying disturbances.

PID Self-Tuner
1-2 C79000-G7076-C825-01
Description of the Function Blocks 2
What Does this This chapter contains a detailed description of the function blocks of the PID
Chapter Describe? Self-Tuner.

Chapter Section Description Page

Overview 2.1 Area of Application 2-2
2.2 FB “Tuning_C” 2-6
2.3 FB “Tuning_S“ 2-14

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 2-1
Description of the Function Blocks

2.1 Area of Application

Advantages and With the PID Self-Tuner, you can trim the following SIMATIC S7 and
Areas of SIMATIC C7 PID controllers:
Application

PID Control (integrated in STEP 7, FB “CONT_C” and FB “CONT_S”)

Standard PID Control (FB “PID_C” and FB “PID_S”)

Modular PID Control (FB “PID”, FB “LMNGEN_C” and “LMNGEN_S”)

FM 355 and FM 455 controller modules (FB “PID_CS”)

These then become self-tuning PID controllers. PID self-tuners are

particularly useful for the following:

Temperature controls (main application)

Level controls

Flow controls.
In flow controls, a distinction must be made between situations in which only
the control valve itself must be controlled and situations in which the control
valve regulates a process involving a time lag. The PID Self-Tuner cannot be
used for simple control of a valve (see also “Processes with a Control Valve
with Integral Action”).

Process The process must meet the following requirements:

Requirements

Stable, time lag, asymptotic transient response

Time lags not too large

Adequate linear response with an adequately large operating range

Process controllable with a monopolar actuating signal 0 to 100%

Little disturbance in temperature processes

Adequate quality of the measured signals in the sense of an adequately
high signal-to-noise ratio.

Process gain not too high

Transient The process must have a stable, asymptotic transient response with time lag.
Response
After a step change in the manipulated variable (LMN) the process variable
must change to a steady state as shown in Figure 2-1. This therefore excludes
processes that have an oscillating response without control and processes that
are not self-regulating (integrator in the process).

PID Self-Tuner
2-2 C79000-G7076-C825-01
 Description of the Function Blocks

Process response to
a manipulated value step change

Point of inflection

t
ta
tu

Figure 2-1 Process Response

Time Lags The process must not involve large time lags.
The range of application can be specified based on the ratio of the delay time
tu and settling time ta. The time lag includes any existing dead time. The
initial setting or adaptation is designed for the following range:
1
tu < ta
10
Most temperature processes are within this range and both a PI or a PID
controller can be designed for this range.
For the following range:
1 1
ta < tu < ta
10 3
The initial setting of a usable PID controller is still possible. With such a
range, the duration of the learning phase can be significantly increased and
overshoot can occur during the learning phase particularly with combinations
of high process gain and small test step changes.

Linearity and The process must have an adequately linear response over an adequately
Operating Range large operating range.
This means that both during identification and during normal controlled
operation, non-linear effects within the operating range can be ignored. It is,
however possible to re-identify the process when the operating point changes
if the adaptive process is repeated in the close vicinity of the new operating
point and providing that the non-linearity does not occur during the
adaptation.

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 2-3
Description of the Function Blocks

If certain static non-linearities (for example valve characteristics) are known,

it is always advisable to compensate these with a ramp soak to linearize the
process behavior.

Monopolar It must be possible to control the process with a monopolar actuating signal.
Actuating Signal
Processes requiring active heating and active cooling for temperature control
cannot currently be optimized with the PID Self-Tuner.

Disturbances in Disturbances such as thermal transfer to neighboring zones or heating or

Temperature cooling due to changes in the equipment status must not affect the overall
Processes temperature process to any great extent. In some circumstances, adaptation at
the operating point is necessary.

Quality of the The quality of the measured signals must be adequate, in other words the
Measured Signals signal-to-noise ratio must be high enough.

Process Gain The process gain must not be too high.

Normalization of the process values is not required. The process gain K can,
in some circumstances, include physical units, for example:
∆PV
[K]=
o
C
K= ,
∆LMN %
The final controller design is based on a calculation of the process gain K and
can therefore, in principle, compensate any values of K. During the learning
phase, however, K is initially unknown and with extreme combinations of
gain and test step change, overshoot cannot be avoided. Reducing the
parameter LHLM_TUN also reduces the overshoot.

Processes with a In processes with control valves with an integral action, there are further
Control Valve with requirements in addition to those above:
Integral Action
The motor actuating time of the control valve must be less than the time
required to find a point of inflection following a step change in the
manipulated value (see also Figure 2-1).
If this is not the case, the process involved is often a flow control in which
only the control valve is effective as the dominating process action. The use
of the PID Self-Tuner is then not advisable. You can the set the PI step
controller according to the following rule of thumb:
GAIN = 1, TI = control valve actuating time

PID Self-Tuner
2-4 C79000-G7076-C825-01
 Description of the Function Blocks

Note
With a step controller without a position feedback signal, it must be
permissible for the process that the control valve can be opened completely
to determine the motor actuating time.
In a step controller with position feedback, you yourself can decide how far
the valve is opened using the parameter LHLM_TUN.

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 2-5
Description of the Function Blocks

2.2 FB “TUNING_C”

Description of the FB 39 “TUNING_C” automatically tunes a continuous PID controller.

Function Block
If, for example, the operating point changes or if there are slight changes in
the process behavior, the controller can be re-optimized online if the function
is enabled.
If there is a positive step change in the setpoint, the variable structure ensures
that overshoot is avoided in most situations.

Input Parameters

Table 2-1 Input Parameters of “TUNING_C”

Data Parameter Comment Permitted Default

Type Range of Values
REAL SP setpoint technical 0.0
range of values
REAL PV process variable technical 0.0
range of values
REAL LMN manipulated value 0.0 to 100.0 (%) 0.0

REAL MIN_STEP minimum setpoint step > 10 % of the 10.0

operating range
of the setpoint
and process
variable
REAL LHLM_TUN manipulated value high limit on self-tuning 0.0 to 100.0 (%) 80.0

REAL MAN manual value 0.0 to 100.0 (%) 0.0

BOOL MAN_ON manual mode on FALSE

BOOL STRUC_ON variable structure control for setpoint steps TRUE

BOOL PID_ON PID mode on TRUE

BOOL COM_RST complete restart FALSE

TIME CYCLE sample time ≥ 1 ms 100 ms

PID Self-Tuner
2-6 C79000-G7076-C825-01
 Description of the Function Blocks

Output Parameters

Table 2-2 Output Parameters of “TUNING_C”

Data Parameter Comment Default

Type
REAL MAN_OUT manual value output 0.0

REAL GAIN proportional gain 1.0

TIME TI reset time 10 s

TIME TD derivative time 0s

TIME TM_LAG time lag 1s

INT PHASE phase 0 to7 0

BOOL QP_INFL point of inflection found FALSE

BOOL QMAN_ON manual mode on FALSE

BOOL QI_SEL integral action on TRUE

BOOL QD_SEL derivative action on FALSE

BOOL QWRITE TUNING_C writes parameters to PID controller FALSE

In/Out Parameters

Table 2-3 In/Out Parameters of “TUNING_C”

Data Parameter Comment Default

Type
BOOL TUN_ON self-tuning with next setpoint step on FALSE

BOOL ADAPT_ON online adaptation with next setpoint step on FALSE

BOOL STEADY steady state reached FALSE

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 2-7
Description of the Function Blocks

Modes You can operate FB “TUNING_C” in the following modes:

Modes TUN_ON ADAPT_ON STRUC_ON MAN_ON

Initial tuning of the PID controller to an TRUE FALSE any FALSE
unknown process
Adaptation of the PID controller to a FALSE TRUE any FALSE
previously identified process online
Variable PID controller structure with FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
positive setpoint step changes
Manual mode Any Any Any TRUE

“Initial Controller If TUN_ON = TRUE and this is followed by a setpoint step change
Tuning” Mode
MIN_STEP in a positive direction, you start process identification with
controller optimization. If you want to cancel the initial tuning, you must
reset TUN_ON to FALSE or change to the manual mode (MAN_ON =
TRUE) if the process identification has already started following a step
change in the setpoint. The step change in the setpoint during initial tuning
changes from the setpoint of the cold process to a point close to the operating
point. During initial tuning, no further setpoint step changes are permitted.

PHASE = 1 PHASE PHASE = 3 PHASE = 4

=2
SP LMN
PV

Warm process
SP state
(operating point)
LHLM_TUN PV

LMN
Point of inflection

Cold process
state
t

TUN_ON
t

Figure 2-2 Phases During Initial Tuning

PID Self-Tuner
2-8 C79000-G7076-C825-01
 Description of the Function Blocks

The learning process involves the following steps:

PHASE = 0:
When an instance DB is created for FB “TUNING_C”, the parameter
PHASE has the default zero.

PHASE = 1:
After activating TUN_ON, the process variable is measured at a constant
manipulated value of zero. You must then wait until the process variable
remains constant. This achieves a steady state (“cold” process state, initial
state).

PHASE = 2:
As soon as you apply a setpoint step change >= MIN_STEP in a positive
direction towards the operating point of the warm process state (target
state), MAN_OUT is assigned the value of LHLM_TUN and QMAN_ON
is set to TRUE. Both values are then transferred to the PID controller. The
PID controller is therefore being controlled in the manual mode.
MIN_STEP should be greater than 10% of the operating range of the
setpoint and process variable.

PHASE = 3:
When the point of inflection of the step response is detected (QP_INFL =
TRUE) or the process variable has reached 60% of the step change of the
setpoint (QP_INFL remains set to FALSE), a cautiously tuned PID
controller is designed. The controller operates immediately as a PI
controller and attempts to bring the process to a steady state. If it takes an
extremely long time until the steady state is reached (creeping transient
response in temperature processes) you can start the control design with
the current data when the steady state has almost been achieved by setting
STEADY = TRUE. You can also restart the controller design with the
current values at a later point in time by setting STEADY = TRUE. This
often brings some improvement to the controller design.

If overshoot occurs or if no point of inflection is found, the reason may be

that the manipulated value step change LHLM_TUN is too high and does
not necessarily mean that a bad controller setting is achieved. During the
next initial tuning, you should select LHLM_TUN approximately 20%
lower.

If the block has detected a steady state or if the time is 10 TI (TI: reset
time of the PI controller set in PHASE = 3) has elapsed since the setpoint
step change, an improved controller design is started and the tuner moves
on to PHASE = 4. If PID_ON = TRUE, a PID controller is designed,
otherwise a PI controller. With difficult processes, the block always
designs a PI controller regardless of PID_ON. The value calculated for
GAIN during the initial tuning is therefore limited so that the loop gain of
the open loop (the product of the controller gain and process gain) is
between 0.4 and 15.

PHASE = 4:
In this phase, the controller operates with its optimized parameters.

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 2-9
Description of the Function Blocks

Note
If you set TUN_ON = TRUE and apply a setpoint step change higher than
MIN_STEP, the controller parameters and internal variables are reset. Any
controller parameters already acquired are therefore lost.

“Controller If you have already tuned your PI or PID controller and only want to
Adaptation to an optimize it, you use the “Controller Adaptation to an Identified Process”
Identified Process” mode.
Mode
If ADAPT_ON = TRUE and this is followed by a setpoint step change, this
triggers a process identification with controller optimization. If you want to
cancel the adaptation, you must reset ADAPT_ON to FALSE or change to
the manual mode (MAN_ON = TRUE) if process identification has already
started following a setpoint step change. Adaptation uses a much smaller
setpoint step change than the initial tuning, nevertheless you must make sure
that the condition setpoint step change
MIN_STEP is met. The setpoint
step change during adaptation is in the vicinity of the operating point. During
adaptation, no further setpoint step changes are permitted.

PHASE = 4 PHASE PHASE = 3 PHASE = 4

=2

SP

Warm process
PV state
(operating point)
Point of inflection

ADAPT_ON
t

Figure 2-3 Phases During Adaptation

PID Self-Tuner
2-10 C79000-G7076-C825-01
 Description of the Function Blocks

The learning process involves the following steps:

PHASE = 4:
While controlling the process, wait until the manipulated value and
process variable are constant. This means that a steady state has been
reached (operating point). If there are strong manipulated value
fluctuations, switch to PI controller (PID_ON=FALSE). After the
adaptation, you can change back to PID controller (PID_ON=TRUE).

PHASE = 2 to 4:
This is followed by steps 2 to 4 just as in the learning process from
“Initial Tuning of the PID Controller to an Unknown Process”. Here,
however, there are the following differences:
– Following the setpoint step change, the controller does not heat with
the heating power LHLM_TUN, but with a constant value calculated
from the previous experience of the process.
– If no point of inflection is found during adaptation (QP_INFL =
FALSE), no further controller design takes place. This means that the
controller continues to operate with the old parameters.
TUNING_C is more liable to find a point of inflection if there is a
larger setpoint step change around the operating point.

Note
Before adaptation is possible at the operating point, the initial tuning must
be repeated starting from the cold process.

“Variable The tuned PI or PID controllers have a good response to disturbances. When
Controller controlling temperature processes (usually when the cold process is heated
Structure” Mode very quickly) they must, however, be supported by further control
mechanisms to avoid overshoot. You can disable the variable structure with
STRUC_ON = FALSE. In the default setting, the variable structure is
enabled. The block automatically selects between two control mechanisms:

PHASE = 5:
With a positive setpoint step change >= MIN_STEP, the I action of the
controller is temporarily disabled and the gain somewhat increased, in
other words a pure P(D) controller is used. Close to the setpoint, the I
action is re-enabled and the gain reduced again.

PHASE = 6:
Processes with a high time lag cannot be controlled well with P(D). For
this reason, following a positive setpoint step change >= MIN_STEP, the
steady manipulated variable (LMN) required for the new setpoint is
output. Close to the setpoint, the block switches back smoothly to the PI
or PID controller mode.

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 2-11
Description of the Function Blocks

Note
If you do not achieve good results with positive setpoint step changes (for
example in heating processes due to a slow transient response), you can
disable the variable structure with STRUC_ON=FALSE assuming that slight
overshoot is acceptable.

“Manual If you set the input MAN_ON to TRUE, the output QMAN_ON is set to
Controller” Mode TRUE and MAN_OUT to MAN. This changes the PID controller to the
manual mode (PHASE = 7).
The manual mode has priority over all other modes.
Any initial tuning, adaptation or structure change currently in progress is
canceled. When you disable the manual mode (MAN_ON = FALSE), the
controller changes to the automatic mode (PHASE = 4) and continues using
the existing controller parameters. If no controller parameters were set during
the initial tuning, the controller remains in the manual mode and outputs the
value zero (PHASE = 1).

Modifying If you want to change the controller parameters GAIN, TI, TD or TM_LAG
Controller following initial tuning or adaptation, you can overwrite the corresponding
Parameters output parameters in the TUNING_C block, for example using “monitor and
modify variable” under STEP 7.
If oscillations occur in the closed control loop or if there is overshoot
following setpoint step changes, you can reduce the controller gain (for
example to GAIN * 0.8) and increase the reset time TI (for example to
TI*1.5).
If the analog manipulated variable (LMN) of the continuous controller is
converted to binary actuating signals with a pulse generator, quantization
effects can cause small permanent oscillations. You can eliminate these by
extending the controller deadband DEADB_W. If FB TUNING_C is
interconnected with FB PID_CS of the controller module FM355/455, you
must also set the QWRITE output bit.

Note
If you repeat initial tuning or adaptation, the controller parameters are
overwritten. If you want to retain the controller parameters and no longer
modify them, make sure that TUN_ON and ADAPT_ON always have the
value FALSE.

Setting the The sampling time should not be higher than 10% of the calculated reset time
Sampling Time of the controller. You can set the sampling time with the CYCLE parameter
of FB TUNING_C and of the controller. This must match the time difference
between two FB TUNING_C calls (cycle time of the cyclic interrupt OB
bearing in mind the counter settings).

PID Self-Tuner
2-12 C79000-G7076-C825-01
 Description of the Function Blocks

Complete Restart If the input TUN_ON has the value TRUE or if there was no initial tuning
prior to a complete restart, initial tuning of the PID controller is performed in
the subsequent cycles. The PHASE output is set to 1.
If the TUN_ON has the value FALSE and if an initial tuning has already been
performed, the PID controller continues to use its old parameters in the
subsequent cycles. The PHASE output is set to 4.

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 2-13
Description of the Function Blocks

2.3 FB “TUNING_S”

Function Block The TUNING_S block tunes a PID step controller.

Description
If, for example, the operating point changes or if there are slight changes in
the process behavior, the step controller can be re-optimized if the function is
enabled.
If there is a positive setpoint step change, a variable structure ensures that
overshoot is avoided in most cases.

Input Parameters

Table 2-4 Input Parameters of “TUNING_S”

Data Parameter Comment Permitted Default

Type Range of Values
REAL SP setpoint Default 0.0
range of values
REAL PV process variable technical 0.0
range of values
REAL LMNR position feedback signal 0.0 to 100.0 (%) 0.0

REAL MIN_STEP minimum setpoint step > 10 % of the 10.0

operating range
of the setpoint
and process
variable
REAL LHLM_TUN manipulated value high limit on self-tuning 0.0 to 100.0 (%) 80.0

REAL MAN manual value 0.0 to 100.0 (%) 0.0

TIME PULSE_TM minimal pulse time 0s

BOOL C_LMNUP controller manipulated signal up FALSE

BOOL C_LMNDN controller manipulated signal down FALSE

BOOL MAN_ON manual mode on FALSE

BOOL LMNR_HS high limit signal of position feedback signal FALSE

BOOL LMNR_ON position feedback signal on FALSE

BOOL LMNS_ON manual manipulated signals on FALSE

BOOL LMNUP manipulated signal up FALSE

BOOL LMNDN manipulated signal down FALSE

PID Self-Tuner
2-14 C79000-G7076-C825-01
 Description of the Function Blocks

Table 2-4 Input Parameters of “TUNING_S”

Data Parameter Comment Permitted Default

Type Range of Values
BOOL STRUC_ON variable structure control for setpoint steps TRUE

BOOL PID_ON PID mode on FALSE

BOOL COM_RST complete restart FALSE

TIME CYCLE sampling time ≥ 1 ms 100 ms

Output Parameters

Table 2-5 Output Parameters of “TUNING_S”

Data Parameter Comment Default

Type
REAL MAN_OUT manual value output 0.0

REAL GAIN proportional gain 1.0

TIME TI reset time 10 s

TIME TD derivative time 0s

TIME TM_LAG time lag 1s

TIME MTR_TM motor actuating time 30 s

REAL DEADB_W dead band width 0.0

INT PHASE phase 0 to 7 0

BOOL QP_INFL point of inflection found FALSE

BOOL QMAN_ON manual mode on FALSE

BOOL QLMNS_ON manipulated signals on TRUE

BOOL QLMNUP manipulated signal up FALSE

BOOL QLMNDN manipulated signal down FALSE

BOOL QI_SEL integral action on TRUE

PID Self-Tuner
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Description of the Function Blocks

Table 2-5 Output Parameters of “TUNING_S”

Data Parameter Comment Default

Type
BOOL QD_SEL derivative action on FALSE

BOOL QWRITE TUNING_S writes parameters to PID controller FALSE

In/Out Parameters

Table 2-6 In/Out Parameters of “TUNING_S”

Data Parameter Comment Default

Type
BOOL TUN_ON self-tuning with next setpoint step on FALSE

BOOL ADAPT_ON online adaptation with next setpoint step on FALSE

BOOL STEADY steady state reached FALSE

<Modes You can operate FB “TUNING_S” in the following modes:

Modes TUN_ON ADAPT_ON STRUC_ON LMNS_ON or

MAN_ON
Initial tuning of the step controller to an TRUE FALSE any FALSE
unknown process
Adaptation of the step controller to a FALSE TRUE any FALSE
previously identified process online1)
Variable structure of the step controller as a FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
result of positive setpoint step changes 1)
Manual mode any any any TRUE
1) only with a step controller with position feedback signal (LMNR_ON=TRUE)

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 Description of the Function Blocks

“Initial Controller If TUN_ON = TRUE and this is followed by a setpoint step change
Tuning” Mode
MIN_STEP in a positive direction, you start process identification with
controller optimization. If you want to cancel the initial tuning, you must
reset TUN_ON to FALSE or change to the manual mode (MAN_ON = TRUE
or LMNS) if the process identification has already started following a step
change in the setpoint. The step change in the setpoint during initial tuning
changes from the setpoint of the cold process to a point close to the operating
point. During initial tuning, no further setpoint step changes are permitted.

PHASE = 1 PHASE PHASE = 3 PHASE = 4

=2
Position feedback signal

100% Warm process

SP state
(operating point)
PV
LHLM_TUN

Position feedback signal

Cold process
state Point of inflection
t
MTR_TM
TUN_ON
t

Figure 2-4 Phases During Initial Tuning

The learning process involves the following steps:

PHASE = 0:
When an instance DB is created for FB “TUNING_S”, the parameter
PHASE has the default zero.

PHASE = 1:
After activating TUN_ON, the process variable is measured with the
valve closed (position feedback signal = zero). You must then wait until
the process variable remains constant. This achieves a steady state (“cold”
process state, initial state).

PHASE = 2:
As soon as you apply a setpoint step change >= MIN_STEP in a positive
direction towards the operating point of the warm process, the valve is
opened. MIN_STEP should be greater than 10% of the operating range of
the setpoint and process variable.
In step control with position feedback (LMNR_ON=TRUE), QMAN_ON
has the value TRUE and MAN_OUT has the value of LHLM_TUN. The
controller adjusts the valve to the value of LHLM_TUN, and

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Description of the Function Blocks

FB “TUNING_S” calculates the motor actuating time MTR_TM.

In step control without position feedback, QLMNS_ON and QLMNUP
are set to TRUE and the valve is adjusted to the upper limit stop. When
the upper limit stop is reached (LMNR_HS = TRUE), FB “TUNING_S”
calculates the motor actuating time and passes it on to the controller.
Following this, the valve is closed as far as the selectable value of
LHLM_TUN (QLMNDN = TRUE).

PHASE = 3:
When the point of inflection of the step response is detected (QP_INFL =
TRUE) or the process variable has reached 60% of the step change of the
setpoint (QP_INFL remains set to FALSE), a cautiously tuned PI
controller is designed. The step controller operates immediately as a PI
controller and attempts to bring the process to a steady state. If it takes an
extremely long time until the steady state is reached (creeping transient
response in temperature processes) you can start the control design with
the current data when the steady state has almost been achieved by setting
STEADY = TRUE. You can also restart the controller design with the
current data at a later point in time by setting STEADY = TRUE. This
often brings some improvement to the controller design.

If overshoot occurs or if no point of inflection is found, the reason may be

that the manipulated value step change LHLM_TUN is too high and does
not necessarily mean that a bad controller setting is achieved. During the
next initial tuning, you should select LHLM_TUN approximately 20%
lower.

If the block has detected a steady state or if the time is 8 TI (TI: reset
time of the PI controller set in PHASE = 3) has elapsed since the setpoint
step change, an improved controller design is started and the tuner moves
on to PHASE = 4. If PID_ON = TRUE, a PID controller is designed,
otherwise a PI controller. The default setting of PID_ON is FALSE since
in the majority of cases a PI controller is used in step controls. With
difficult processes, the block always designs a PI controller. The value
calculated for GAIN during the initial tuning is therefore limited so that
the gain of the open loop (the product of the controller gain and process
gain) is in the range between 0.4 and 15.

PHASE = 4:
In this phase, the controller operates with its optimized parameters.

Note
If you set TUN_ON = TRUE and apply a setpoint step change higher than
MIN_STEP, the controller parameters and internal variables are reset. Any
controller parameters already acquired are therefore lost.

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 Description of the Function Blocks

“Controller The adaptation is only active for a step controller with position feedback
Adaptation to an (LMNR_ON=TRUE).
Identified Process”
Mode If ADAPT_ON = TRUE and this is followed by a setpoint step change, this
triggers a process identification with controller optimization. If you want to
cancel the adaptation, you must reset ADAPT_ON to FALSE or change to
the manual mode (LMNS_ON = TRUE or MAN_ON = TRUE) if the process
identification has already started following a step change in the setpoint.
Adaptation uses a much smaller setpoint step change than the initial tuning,
nevertheless you must make sure that the condition setpoint step change >
MIN_STEP is met. The setpoint step change during adaptation is in the
vicinity of the operating point. During adaptation, no further setpoint step
changes are permitted.

PHASE = 4 PHASE PHASE = 3 PHASE = 4

=2

SP

Warm process
PV state
Point of inflection
(operating point)

ADAPT_ON
t

Figure 2-5 Phases During Adaptation

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Description of the Function Blocks

The learning process involves the following steps:

PHASE = 4:
While controlling the process, wait until the position feedback signal (if it
exists) and process variable are constant. This means that a steady state
has been reached (operating point).

PHASE = 2 to 4:
This is followed by steps 2 to 4 just as in the learning process from
“Initial Tuning of the Step Controller to an Unknown Process”. Here,
however, there are the following differences:
– After a setpoint step change, the controller opens the valve only until a
constant value is reached. This value results from the information
known about the process.
– If no point of inflection is found during adaptation (QP_INFL =
FALSE), no further controller design takes place. This means that the
controller continues to operate with the old parameters. TUNING_S is
more liable to find a point of inflection if there is a larger setpoint step
change around the operating point.

Note
Before adaptation is possible at the operating point, the initial tuning must
be repeated starting from the cold process.

“Variable The variable structure mode is only active for a step controller with position
Controller feedback (LMNR_ON=TRUE).
Structure” Mode
The tuned step controllers have a good response to disturbances. When
controlling temperature processes (usually when the cold process is heated
very quickly) they must, however, be supported by further control
mechanisms to avoid overshoot. You can disable the variable structure with
STRUC_ON = FALSE. In the default setting, the variable structure is
enabled. With a step controller with position feedback, the block
automatically selects between two control mechanisms:

PHASE = 5:
With a positive setpoint step change ≥ MIN_STEP, the I action of the
controller is temporarily disabled and the gain somewhat increased, in
other words a pure P(D) controller is used. Close to the setpoint, the I
action is re-enabled and the gain reduced again.

PHASE = 6:
With long time lags, following a positive setpoint step change
>=MIN_STEP, the steady manipulated variable required for the new
setpoint is output. Close to the setpoint, the block switches back smoothly
to the PI or PID controller mode.
With a step controller without position feedback, only the first control
mechanism is possible (PHASE = 5).

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 Description of the Function Blocks

Note
If you do not achieve good results with positive setpoint step changes (for
example in heating processes due to a slow transient response), you can
disable the variable structure with STRUC_ON=FALSE assuming that slight
overshoot is acceptable.

“Manual The manual controller mode corresponds to PHASE = 7. If you use a step
Controller” Mode controller with position feedback (LMNR_ON = TRUE), you can switch to
the manual mode with LMNS_ON = TRUE or with MAN_ON = TRUE. If
you use a step controller without position feedback (LMNR_ON = FALSE),
you can only switch to the manual mode with LMNS_ON = TRUE. If you
set the input MAN_ON to TRUE, the output QMAN_ON has the value
TRUE and the output MAN_OUT has the value of MAN. If you set the input
LMNS_ON to TRUE, the QLMNUP is set to LMNUP and the output
QLMNDN to LMNDN. The manual mode has priority over all other
modes. Any initial tuning, adaptation or structure change currently in
progress is canceled. When you disable the manual mode (LMNS_ON =
FALSE or MAN_ON = FALSE), the controller changes to the automatic
mode (PHASE = 4) and continues using the existing controller parameters. If
no controller parameters were set during the initial tuning, the controller
remains in the manual mode and waits for a setpoint step change for the
initial tuning (PHASE = 1).

Modifying If you want to change the controller parameters GAIN, TI, TD, TM_LAG or
Controller MTR_TM and DEADB_W following an initial tuning or adaptation, you can
Parameters overwrite the corresponding output parameters in the TUNING_S block, for
example using “monitor and modify variable” under STEP 7.
If oscillations occur in the closed control loop or if there is overshoot
following setpoint step changes, you can reduce the controller gain (for
example to GAIN 0.8) and increase the reset time TI (for example to TI
1.5).
Small permanent oscillations of the process value occur with the step
controller due to quantization of the position feedback signal. You can
eliminate these by extending the deadband at output DEADB_W.
If the FB TUNING_S is interconnected with the FB PID_CS of the controller
module FM355/455, you must also set the QWRITE output bit.

Note
If you repeat the initial tuning or adaptation, the controller parameters are
overwritten. If you want to retain the controller parameters and no longer
modify them, make sure that TUN_ON and ADAPT_ON are always off.

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Description of the Function Blocks

Setting the The sampling time should not be higher than 10% of the calculated reset
Sampling Time time. You can set the sampling time with the CYCLE parameter of FB
TUNING_S and of the controller. It must match the time difference between
two FB TUNING_S calls (cycle time of the cyclic interrupt OB, taking into
account the counter settings).

Complete Restart If the TUN_ON input has the value TRUE or if no initial tuning has been run
during a complete restart, an initial tuning of the step controller is performed
in the subsequent cycles. The PHASE output is set to 1.
If the TUN_ON input has the value FALSE and if initial tuning has already been
performed, the step controller continues to use its old parameters in the
subsequent cycles. The PHASE output is set to 4.

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Examples 3
About this This chapter contains examples of PID controllers whose parameters were set
Chapter... with the blocks of the PID self–tuner.

Chapter Section Description Page

Overview 3.1 Working Examples for the “PID Control” controller 3-2
integrated in STEP 7
3.2 Examples of Interconnecting Blocks with Further PID 3-8
Controllers
3.3 Pure Cooling Control 3-17

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 3-1
Example

3.1 Working Examples for the “PID Control” Controller Integrated in

STEP 7

3.1.1 Example 1: Initial Tuning of a Step Controller

Overview Example 1 is called “EXAMPL01” and consists of FB “TUNING_S”, the

“CONT_S” controller integrated in STEP 7 and the process “PROC_S”.

Control Loop Figure 3-1 shows the complete control loop of Example 1 .

TUNING_S

PROC_S
Process with PV
CONT_S
integrating actuator
SP
QLMNUP
QLMNDN

Figure 3-1 Control Loop of Example 1

“PROC_S” The block simulates an integrating control valve with a third–order time lag.
Process

QLMNR_HS
QLMNR_LS
GAIN
DISV

INV_UP
INV_DOWN OUTV
LMNR_HLM TM_LAG1 TM_LAG2 TM_LAG3
MTR_TM
LMNR_LLM

Figure 3-2 System Setup

The block forms a series circuit consisting of an integrating control valve and
three first–order time lags. The output of the control valve always has the
disturbance value DISV added to it. The motor actuating time MTR_TM is
the time required by the valve to move from limit stop to limit stop.
During a complete restart, the output variable OUTV and internal memory
values are all set to 0.

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 Example

Initial Tuning To perform the initial tuning, follow the steps outlined below:
1. Insert a SIMATIC 300/400 station in your project and set the cycle time
of OB35 to 20 ms in “Hardware Configuration”.
2. Using the SIMATIC Manager, download the program “EXAMPL01” to
your CPU from the project “TunPIDEx”.
3. Using the start button, start the “PID Control Parameter Assignment” tool
under STEP 7 and open the “DI_CONT_S” block online. Under
“Settings...” set the following values for the curve recorder:

Suppress curve 3 none

Y axis upper limit for setpoint, process variable and 100
manipulated value
Y axis lower limit for setpoint, process variable and 0
manipulated value
Measurement cycle 600 ms
Length of the time axis 300 s

4. Open the variable declaration table “VAT1” and set a setpoint step change
from 0 to 50 with the parameter “SP_INT”.

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Example

3.1.2 Example 2: Initial Tuning of a Continuous Controller

Overview Example 2 is called “EXAMPL02” and consists of FB “TUNING_C”, the

“CONT_C” controller integrated in STEP 7 and the “PROC_C” process.

Control Loop Figure 3-3 shows the complete control loop of example 2.

TUNING_C

PROC_C
CONT_C Process PV
SP LMN

Figure 3-3 Control Loop of Example 2

“PROC_C” The block simulates a third–order time lag.

Process

DISV GAIN

INV OUTV

TM_LAG1 TM_LAG2 TM_LAG3

Figure 3-4 System Setup

The block forms a series circuit of three first–order time lags. At input INV,
the disturbance variable DISV is always added.
During a complete restart, the output variable OUTV and the internal
memory values are all set to the value (INV + DISV)
GAIN.

PID Self-Tuner
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 Example

Initial Tuning To perform the initial tuning, follow the steps outlined below:
1. Using the SIMATIC Manager, download the program “EXAMPL02” to
your CPU from the “TunPIDEx” project.
2. Using the start button, start the “PID Control Parameter Assignment” tool
under STEP 7 and open the “DI_CONT_S” block online. Under
“Settings...” set the following values for the curve recorder:

Y axis upper limit for setpoint, process variable and 100

manipulated value
Y axis lower limit for setpoint, process variable and 0
manipulated value
Measurement cycle 500 ms
Length of the time axis 200 s

3. Open the variable declaration table “VAT1” and set a setpoint step change
from 0 to 50 with the parameter “SP_INT”.

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Example

3.1.3 Example 3: Initial Tuning of a Continuous Controller with Pulse

Generator

Overview Example 3 is called “EXAMPL03” and consists of FB “TUNING_C”, the

“CONT_C” controller integrated in STEP 7 with FB “PULSEGEN” and the
“PROC_P” process.

Control Loop Figure 3-5 shows the complete control loop of example 3 .

TUNING_C

PROC_P
CONT_C PULSEGEN Process PV
SP LMN QPOS_P

Figure 3-5 Control Loop of Example 3

Program Structure To control a process using a pulse output, two different cycles are required
when Controlling since the pulse generator must be called at least 50 to 100 times during one
with a Pulse controller sampling period. Since some CPUs only have OB35 as the cyclic
Generator interrupt OB, the sequence is organized as follows:
You define a counter for each control channel. You call the pulse generator in
OB35 and increment the counter. In OB1, you query the counter and call the
controller and adaptation block only when their cycle time has elapsed. Since
OB1 can be interrupted by OB35, you can specify a faster cycle for pulse
generation than the calculation time of the controller and adaptation block. In
the complete restart OB (OB100), you assign different start values to the
counters so that the controllers are not all started at the same time.

“PROC_P” The block simulates a continuous control valve with a digital input and a
Process third–order time lag.

PID Self-Tuner
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 Example

Figure 3-6 System Setup

The block converts the binary input values of the pulse duration modulation
into continuous analog values and after feeding forward the disturbance
variable, delays the output signal with three first–order time lags.
During a complete restart, the output variable OUTV and the internal
memory values are set to 0.

Initial Tuning To perform the initial tuning, follow the steps outlined below:
1. Insert a SIMATIC 300/400 station in your project and set the cycle time
of OB35 to 20 ms in “Hardware Configuration”.
2. Using the SIMATIC Manager, download the program “EXAMPL01” to
your CPU from the project “TunPIDEx”.
3. Using the start button, start the “PID Control Parameter Assignment” tool
under STEP 7 and open the “DI_CONT_S” block online. Under
“Settings...” set the following values for the curve recorder:

Y axis upper limit for setpoint, process variable and 100

manipulated value
Y axis lower limit for setpoint, process variable and 0
manipulated value
Measurement cycle 600 ms
Length of the time axis 300 s

4. Open the variable declaration table “VAT1” and set a setpoint step change
from 0 to 50 with the parameter “SP_INT”.

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Example

3.2 Examples of Interconnecting Blocks with Further PID Controllers

3.2.1 The “PID Control” Control Package Integrated in STEP 7

Overview In the following example in CFC (Continuous Function Chart), the

“CONT_C” block from the “PID Control” control package integrated in
STEP 7 is used as the PID controller.

Common data source

TUNING_C CONT_C

SP_INT
PV PV
LMN LMN
SP
MAN_OUT
MAN
GAIN GAIN
TI TI
TD TD
TM_LAG TM_LAG
QMAN_ON MAN_ON

QI_SEL I_SEL
QD_SEL D_SEL

Figure 3-7 Example in CFC

The interconnection above is programmed in STL in Section 3.1.2 (Example

2: Initial Tuning of a Continuous Controller).

PID Self-Tuner
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 Example

3.2.2 “Standard PID Control” optional package

SCL Example of In the following SCL example, the “PID_C” block from the “Standard PID
PID_C Control” optional package is used as the PID controller.

Note
The controller parameters to be influenced are not all available on the input
bar. They must therefore be connected explicitly as static local data.

SCL Explanation
//Cyclic interrupt

ORGANIZATION_BLOCK OB35
//...
BEGIN
TUNING_C.DI_TUNING_C(
SP := DI_PID_C.SP,
PV := DI_PID_C.PV,
LMN := DI_PID_C.LMN);

DI_PID_C.GAIN := DI_TUNING_C.GAIN;
DI_PID_C.TI := DI_TUNING_C.TI;
DI_PID_C.TD := DI_TUNING_C.TD;
DI_PID_C.TM_LAG := DI_TUNING_C.TM_LAG;
DI_PID_C.I_SEL := DI_TUNING_C.QI_SEL;
DI_PID_C.D_SEL := DI_TUNING_C.QD_SEL;
DI_PID_C.MAN_ON := DI_TUNING_C.QMAN_ON;
DI_PID_C.MAN := DI_TUNING_C.MAN_OUT;

PID_C.DI_PID_C();

END_ORGANIZATION_BLOCK

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 3-9
Example

SCL Example of In the following SCL example, the “PID_S” block from the “Standard PID
PID_S Control” optional package is used as the PID controller.

Note
The controller parameters to be influenced are not all available on the input
bar. They must therefore be connected explicitly as static local data.

SCL Explanation
//Cyclic interrupt

ORGANIZATION_BLOCK OB35
//...
BEGIN
TUNING_S.DI_TUNING_S(
SP := DI_PID_S.SP,
PV := DI_PID_S.PV,
LMNR := DI_PID_S.LMNR_IN,
C_LMNUP := DI_PID_S.QLMNUP,
C_LMNDN := DI_PID_S.QLMNDN,
LMNR_HS := DI_PID_S.LMNR_HS,
LMNR_ON := DI_PID_S.LMNR_ON,
PULSE_TM := DI_PID_S.PULSE_TM);

DI_PID_S.GAIN := DI_TUNING_S.GAIN;
DI_PID_S.TI := DI_TUNING_S.TI;
DI_PID_S.TD := DI_TUNING_S.TD;
DI_PID_S.TM_LAG := DI_TUNING_S.TM_LAG;
DI_PID_S.I_SEL := DI_TUNING_S.QI_SEL;
DI_PID_S.D_SEL := DI_TUNING_S.QD_SEL;
DI_PID_S.MTR_TM := DI_TUNING_S.MTR_TM;
DI_PID_S.DEADB_W := DI_TUNING_S.DEADB_W;
DI_PID_S.LMNS_ON := DI_TUNING_S.QLMNS_ON;
DI_PID_S.LMNUP := DI_TUNING_S.QLMNUP;
DI_PID_S.LMNDN := DI_TUNING_S.QLMNDN;
DI_PID_S.MAN_ON := DI_TUNING_S.QMAN_ON;
DI_PID_S.MAN := DI_TUNING_S.MAN_OUT;
DI_PID_S.LMNR_ON := DI_TUNING_S.LMNR_ON;

PID_S.DI_PID_S();

END_ORGANIZATION_BLOCK

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 Example

3.2.3 “Modular PID Control” Optional Package

STL Example of In the following STL example, the blocks “PID” and “LMNGEN_C” from
PID and the “Modular PID Control” optional package are used as the PID controller.
LMNGEN_C

STL Explanation
//Cyclic interrupt OB

FUNCTION_BLOCK FBx

stat DI_PID PID

stat DI_LMNGEN_C LMNGEN_C

BEGIN
Segment 1:
L #DI_LMNGEN_C.LMN
T DI_TUNING_C.LMN
CALL TUNING_C, DI_TUNING_C
SP := ...
PV := ...
CALL #DI_PID
GAIN := DI_TUNING_C.GAIN
TI := DI_TUNING_C.TI
TD := DI_TUNING_C.TD
TM_LAG := DI_TUNING_C.TM_LAG
I_SEL := DI_TUNING_C.QI_SEL
D_SEL := DI_TUNING_C.QD_SEL
CALL #DI_LMNGEN_C
MAN := DI_TUNING_C.MAN_OUT
MAN_ON := DI_TUNING_C.QMAN_ON
BE

END_FUNCTION_BLOCK

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C79000-G7076-C825-01 3-11
Example

STL Example of In the following STL example, the blocks “PID” and “LMNGEN_S” from
PID and the “Modular PID Control” optional package are used as the PID controller.
LMNGEN_S

STL Explanation
//Cyclic interrupt OB

FUNCTION_BLOCK FBx

stat DI_PID PID

stat DI_LMNGEN_S LMNGEN_S

BEGIN
Segment 1:
L #DI_LMNGEN_S.LMNR
T DI_TUNING_S.LMNR
L #DI_LMNGEN_S.QLMNUP
T DI_TUNING_S.C_LMNUP
L #DI_LMNGEN_S.QLMNDN
T DI_TUNING_S.C_LMNDN
L #DI_LMNGEN_S.LMNR_HS
T DI_TUNING_S.LMNR_HS
L #DI_LMNGEN_S.LMNR_ON
T DI_TUNING_S.LMNR_ON
L #DI_LMNGEN_S.PULSE_TM
T DI_TUNING_S.PULSE_TM

CALL TUNING_S, DI_TUNING_S

SP := ...
PV := ...

CALL #DI_PID
GAIN := DI_TUNING_S.GAIN
TI := DI_TUNING_S.TI
TD := DI_TUNING_S.TD
TM_LAG := DI_TUNING_S.TM_LAG
DEADB_W := DI_TUNING_S.DEADB_W
I_SEL := DI_TUNING_S.QI_SEL
D_SEL := DI_TUNING_S.QD_SEL

CALL #DI_LMNGEN_S
MTR_TM := DI_TUNING_S.MTR_TM
LMNS_ON := DI_TUNING_S.QLMNS_ON
LMNUP := DI_TUNING_S.QLMNUP

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 Example

LMNDN := DI_TUNING_S.QLMNDN
MAN := DI_TUNING_S.MAN_OUT
MAN_ON := DI_TUNING_S.QMAN_ON
BE

END_FUNCTION_BLOCK

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C79000-G7076-C825-01 3-13
Example

3.2.4 FM 355 and FM 455 Controller Modules

STL Example of In the following STL example, the FBs “TUNING_C” and “PID_CS” are
TUNING_C and used.
PID_CS

Note
The sampling time of FB “TUNING_C” and FB “PID_CS” should
approximately match the sampling time of the controller in the FM.

STL Explanation
//Cyclic interrupt

ORGANIZATION_BLOCK OB35

//local variable
bool bTemp

BEGIN
Segment 1:
SET
= bTemp
CALL PID_CS, DI_PID_CS
READ_VAR := bTemp
CALL TUNING_C, DI_TUNING_C
SP := DI_PID_CS.SP
PV := DI_PID_CS.PV
LMN := DI_PID_CS.LMN
L DI_TUNING_C.TI
DTR
L 0.001
*R
T DI_PID_CS.TI
L DI_TUNING_C.TD
DTR
L 0.001
*R
T DI_PID_CS.TD
L DI_TUNING_C.TM_LAG
DTR
L 0.001
*R

PID Self-Tuner
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 Example

T DI_PID_CS.TM_LAG
CALL PID_CS, DI_PID_CS
GAIN := DI_TUNING_C.GAIN
LMN_RE := DI_TUNING_C.MAN_OUT
LMN_REON:= DI_TUNING_C.QMAN_ON
LOAD_PAR:= DI_TUNING_C.QWRITE
LOAD_OP := DI_TUNING_C.QWRITE
BE

END_ORGANIZATION_BLOCK

STL Example of In the following STL example, the FBs “TUNING_S” and “PID_CS” are
TUNING_S and used.
PID_CS

Note
The sampling time of FB “TUNING_S” and FB “PID_CS” should
approximately match the sampling time of the controller in the FM.

STL Explanation
//Cyclic interrupt

ORGANIZATION_BLOCK OB35

//local variable
bool bTemp

BEGIN
Segment 1:
SET
= bTemp

CALL PID_CS, DI_PID_CS

READ_VAR := bTemp

L DI_PID_CS.PULSE_TM
L 1000.0
*R
RND
T DI_TUNING_S.PULSE_TM

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 3-15
Example

CALL TUNING_S, DI_TUNING_S

SP := DI_PID_CS.SP
PV := DI_PID_CS.PV
LMNR := DI_PID_CS.LMN_A
C_LMNUP := DI_PID_CS.QLMNUP
C_LMNDN := DI_PID_CS.QLMNDN
LMNR_HS := DI_PID_CS.QLMNR_HS
LMNR_ON := DI_PID_CS.QLMNR_ON
L DI_TUNING_S.TI
DTR
L 0.001
*R
T DI_PID_CS.TI
L DI_TUNING_S.TD
DTR
L 0.001
*R
T DI_PID_CS.TD
L DI_TUNING_S.TM_LAG
DTR
L 0.001
*R
T DI_PID_CS.TM_LAG
L DI_TUNING_S.MTR_TM
DTR
L 0.001
*R
T DI_PID_CS.MTR_TM
CALL PID_CS, DI_PID_CS
GAIN := DI_TUNING_S.GAIN
DEADB_W := DI_TUNING_S.DEADB_W
LMNSOPON := DI_TUNING_S.QLMNS_ON
LMNUP_OP := DI_TUNING_S.QLMNUP
LMNDN_OP := DI_TUNING_S.QLMNDN
LOAD_PAR := DI_TUNING_S.QWRITE
LOAD_OP := DI_TUNING_S.QWRITE
BE

END_ORGANIZATION_BLOCK

PID Self-Tuner
3-16 C79000-G7076-C825-01
 Example

3.3 Pure Cooling Control

Cooling Control as In a pure cooling control, the setpoint and process variable connected to
a Special Form of “TUNING_C” or “TUNING_S” are multiplied by (–1). At the same time, the
Heating Control controller gain calculated by “TUNING_C” or “TUNING_S” is multiplied by
(–1) before it is applied to the controller. The blocks “TUNING_C” or
“TUNING_S” themselves then operate in just the same way as during heating
control.

TUNING_C GAIN
TUNING_S
(–1)
(–1) (–1)
Controller Process
SP LMN
QLMNUP PV
QLMNDN

Figure 3-8 Control Loop of a Pure Cooling Control

Example of the
Interconnections
in SCL
SCL Explanation

TUNING_C.DI_TUNING_C(
SP := –DI_CONT_C.SP_INT,
PV := –DI_CONT_C.PV,
LMN := DI_CONT_C.LMN);
CONT_C.DI_CONT_C(
GAIN := –DI_TUNING_C.GAIN,
TI := DI_TUNING_C.TI,
TD := DI_TUNING_C.TD,
TM_LAG := DI_TUNING_C.TM_LAG,
MAN := DI_TUNING_C.MAN_OUT,
MAN_ON := DI_TUNING_C.QMAN_ON,
I_SEL := DI_TUNING_C.QI_SEL,
D_SEL := DI_TUNING_C.QD_SEL);

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 3-17
Example

PID Self-Tuner
3-18 C79000-G7076-C825-01
Technical Specifications 4
Run Times The numeric values in the table below are the run times in milliseocnds.

TUNING_C TUNING_S
FB 39 FB 40
CPU 313 1.22 1.22
CPU 314 1.24 1.24
CPU 315
1.06 1.07
CPU 315-2DP
CPU 412-1
CPU 413-1 0.15 0.15
CPU 413-2DP
CPU 414-1
0.10 0.10
CPU 414-2DP
CPU 416-1
0.05 0.05
CPU 416-2DP

Memory
Requirements

Length in Length when Local Data Used

Memory Executed (in bytes)
(in bytes) (in bytes)
TUNING_C 4274 3840 48
TUNING_S 5176 4640 48
Instance DB for TUNING_C 452 184 –
Instance DB for TUNING_S 512 208 –

PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 4-1
 Technische Daten

PID Self-Tuner
4-2 C79000-G7076-C825-01
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PID Self-Tuner
C79000-G7076-C825-01 1
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PID Self-Tuner
2 C79000-G7076-C825-01