CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore

Department(s): Electronics and Communication Engineering

Semester: 07 Section(s): A and C Lectures/week: 04
Subject: Microwave and Antennas Code: 15EC71
Course Instructor(s): ): Prof. T Ninikrishna
Course duration: 26 Aug 2019 – 30 Nov 2019
Course Site: https://sites.google.com/a/cmrit.ac.in/t-ninikrishna/

15EC71- MICROWAVE AND ANTENNAS -QUESTION BANK

MODULE 1: MICROWAVE TUBES, MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES

1. Obtain the solutions to transmission line equations with usual notations OR Derive the expression
for the voltage and current at any point along a uniform transmission line.
2. Derive the general transmission line equation to find voltage and current on the line in terms of
position ‘z’ and time ‘t’.
3. Define reflection coefficient. Derive the equation for reflection coefficient at the load end and at a
distance‘d’ from load end.
4. Derive the relation between SWR and reflection coefficient in a transmission line.
5. Why can’t lumped circuit theory be used for analyzing transmission lines?
6. What are standing waves? Draw the standing wave pattern for:
(i)Open circuit termination (ii) Short Circuit termination (iii) Matched termination.
7. A transmission line has the following primary constants per km of the line: R=8Ω, G=0.1µƱ,
L=3.5mH, C=9nF. Calculate Zo, α, β, vp and γ at w=5000 rad/sec.
8. A transmission line has characteristic impedance of 50+j0.01 Ω and is terminated in a load
impedance of 73-j42.5Ω. Calculate (i) Reflection coefficient (ii) SWR.
9. Define reflection and transmission coefficients. Derive an expression for reflection coefficient
and transmission coefficient in the transmission line. Also, derive the relationship between them.
10. In air, a lossless transmission line of length 50cm with L=10µH/m, C=40pF/m is operated at a 25
MHz frequency. The electrical length of the line is:
(a) 0.5 m (b) λ m (c) π/2 rad (d) 180°
11. A twin wire transmission line in air has adjacent voltage maxima at 12.5 cm and 27.5 cm. The
operating frequency of the line is:
(a) 300MHz (b) 1 GHz (c) 2GHz (d) 6.28GHz

12. A telephone line has R=6Ω/km, G=0.05µƱ/km, L=2.2 mH/km, C=0.005 μF/km. Determine Zo,
α, β and phase velocity at 1 kHz.
13. A 30 m long lossless line with Zo=50Ω operating at 2MHz is terminated with load Z L = (60+j40)
Ω. Find Γ and ρ.
14.

15. A certain transmission line has a characteristic impedance of (75+j0.01) Ω and is terminated in a
load impedance of (75+j50) Ω. Compute i) Reflection coefficient ii) Transmission coefficient.
 16. A transmission line has the following parameters: R=2Ω/m, G=0.5mƱ/m, f=1GHz, L=8nH/m,
C=0.23pF/m. Calculate Zo and propagation constant (γ ).

SMITH CHARTS

17. A 300Ω line is terminated in a load of (600+j300) Ω operating at 600MHz . Using Smith chart,
find the value of SWR and design a single stub matching system.
18. A line of Ro= 400 Ω is connected to a load of 200+j300Ω, which is excited by a matched
generator at 800MHz. Using Smith Chart, find the location and length of a single stub nearest to
the load to produce an impedance match.
19. A lossless transmission line with Zo=60Ω is 400 metres long. It is terminated with a load
ZR=40+j80Ω and operated at a frequency of 1 MHz. The velocity of the wave on the line is 0.8
times the velocity of light. Using Smith chart, find (i) the reflection coefficient (ii) the standing
wave ratio (iii) input impedance.
20. Given that the normalized load impedance zl = 1+j1 and the operating wavelength λ= 5cm.
Determine the first Vmax and first Vmin from the load and also VSWR. Use Smith Chart.
21. A Vmin occurs 18cm from the termination of a lossless line of length 52cm. Adjacent voltage
minima’s are 20cm apart. The voltage SWR is 2.5 and Zo= 300Ω. Using smith chart, find input
impedance and the load impedance of the line.
22. The terminating load of transmission line of Z 0 =50  0 0  working at 300 MHz is 50+j50  .
Calculate VSWR and position of first V min using Smith chart.
23. Determine the input impedance and reflection coefficient (Γ) of 200Ω line (3/8) wavelength long
terminated in a 100Ω resistance using Smith chart. Write the procedural steps.
24. A 100  line is terminated by an unknown impedance and has a SWR of 3. When the output
terminals are short-circuited, the first voltage minimum is shifted forward from the receiving end
0
by 30 . Find the terminating impedance and the reflection coefficient by using Smith chart.
25. A VSWR of 3.25 is observed on a line with a voltage minima at 0.205λ from the terminal load
end of the section. What is the value of the normalized load admittance at the terminals? Use
Smith chart as admittance chart.
26. A load impedance of Zl= 60-j80Ω is required to be matched to a 50Ω coaxial line by using short
circuit stub of length ‘l’ located at a distance ‘d’ from the load. The wavelength of operation is
1m. Find d and l using smith chart.
27. A load impedance of 73-j80Ω is required to be matched to a 500Ω co-axial line having lossless
dielectric of dielectric constant 4. Design a short circuited single stub for impedance matching
operating at 500MHz. Use Smith Chart.
28. A 300Ω line feeding an antenna has an SWR of 4 and the distance from load to the first Vmin is
28cm. If the frequency is 150MHz, design a single stub matching system to eliminate standing
waves. Use Smith Chart.

29. A lossless line of characteristic impedance Ro=50 Ω is to be matched to a load Zl =

50/[2+j(2+√3)] Ω by means of a lossless short-circuited stub. The characteristic impedance
of the stub is 100 Ω. Using Smith Chart, find the stub position (closest to the load) and length
so that a match is obtained.
MICROWAVE TUBES
30. Describe the different mode curve in the case of reflex klystron.
31. Explain the working of reflex klystron with a neat schematic.
32.

33. What are the high frequency limitations of conventional vacuum tubes. Transistors? (04 Marks)

MODULE 2: MICROWAVE NETWORK THEORY, MICROWAVE PASSIVE DEVICES:

1. With a neat sketch, explain the operation of a magic tee. Derive its S matrix representation. Also
mention its application and properties.
2. State the properties of S-parameters. Starting from the impedance matrix equation, prove the
symmetry property of a reciprocal network. Also prove the unitary property of S parameter.
3. State and prove the phase shifting property of S- Parameters
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of planar transmission lines over coaxial lines?
5. Write short notes on phase shifters. With a neat sketch, explain the operation of precision phase
shifter.
6. With a neat diagram, explain the working of an H-Plane Tee Junction. Also write S-matrix of the
same.
7. With a neat diagram, explain the working of an E-Plane Tee Junction. Also write S-matrix of the
same.
8. How is magic Tee used as an E-H tuner? Explain the characteristics of Magic Tee.
9. Explain with a neat sketch a precision type variable attenuator. Also derive the S matrix.
10. A 20mW signal is fed into one of the collinear ports (port 1) of a lossless H-plane Tee. Calculate
the power delivered through each port when ports are terminated in matched load.
11. Write short notes on :
(i) Waveguide bends, corners and twists (ii) Matched termination (iii) Coupling Loop
12. Explain the salient features of co-axial connectors and adaptors.
13. A three port Y-circulator provides an isolation of 25dB in anticlockwise direction and an insertion
loss of 0.5 dB in clockwise direction. If the VSWR is 1.2, find all the scattering coefficients of the
circulator.
14. The S-Parameters of a 2 port network are given by S11=0.2 ∟0 ͦ , S22=0.1∟0 ͦ , S12=0.6 ∟90 ͦ
and S21= 0.6 ∟90 ͦ . Is the network reciprocal and lossless?
15. Define insertion loss, transmission loss, reflection loss and return loss and derive them in terms
of S-parameters
16. With neat diagram of microwave attenuator, explain the operation of the same.
17. Explain symmetrical Z and Y matrices for reciprocal network.
18. Explain S-matrix representation of multiport network.
19. Derive the expression for the S-Parameters in terms of Z, Y and ABCD -Parameters.
20. Briefly explain about Hybrid ring.
21. Show that the impedance and admittance matrix are symmetrical for a reciprocal junction.
22. In an H- plane T-junction, compute power delivered to the loads 40ohm and 60ohm connected to
arms 1 and 2 when 10mw power is delivered to matched port 3. Assume characteristics
impedance of line = 50ohm.
23. Two transmission line sof characteristics impedance z1 and z2 are joined at plane pp’. Express
 S-parameters in terms of impedances.
24. A magic Tee is terminated at collinear ports 1 and 2 and the difference port 4 by impedances of
reflection coefficients 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8 respectively. If 1 W power is fed at sum port 3, calculate
the power reflected at port 3 and power transmitted to other three ports.
25. Discuss different types of coaxial connectors.

MODULE 3: STRIP LINES

26. Explain coplanar, parallel and shielded Striplines.

27. A shielded strip line has the following parameters:
Dielectric constant of the insulator (polystyrene), εr = 2.56
Strip width, w: 25mils
Strip thickness, t: 14mils
Shield depth, d: 70mils
28. Explain various losses in Microstrip lines.
29. Compare striplines and Microstrip Lines
30. Explain the construction and field pattern for microstrip lines.
31. A lossless strip line has a conducting strip width W. the substrate dielectric separating the two
conducting strips has a relative dielectric constant, εrd of 6 and a thickness d of 4mm. Calculate:
i) The required width W of the conducting strip in order to have a Zo of 50ohm, ii) The strip line
conductance.
32. With the aid of schematic, explain coplanar striplines.
33.

Note: Check other problems in Liao text book too.

MODULE 3: ANTENNA BASICS

1. With the help of maxwell’s equation, explain how radiation and reception of EM takes place?
2. Explain basic principle of radiation using basic radiation equation.
3. Explain the following terms as related to antenna system:
(1) Directivity (2) HPBW (3) Effective length (4) Beam efficiency (5) Gain (6) Isotropic
radiator (7) Beam area/Beam solid angle (8) Radiation resistance
4. The effective aperture of transmitting and receiving antennas in a communication system are 8 λ2
and 12 λ2 respectively with a separation of 1.5 km between them. The E.M wave is travelling
with a frequency of 6MHz and the total input power is 25KW. Find the power relceived by the
receiving antenna.
5. Define the following with respect to antenna:
(1) Radiation pattern (2) Field zones (3) Aperture
6. Derive the relation between maximum effective aperture and directivity.
7. Calculate the directivity using exact method for the radiation intensity.
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MODULE 4: POINT SOURCES AND ARRAYS AND ELECTRIC DIPOLES

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MODULE 5: LOOP AND HORN ANTENNA , OTHER ANTENNA TYPES

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6. a. Write explanatory notes on (i) parabolic reflector, (ii) log-periodic antenna.

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