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DYNAMICS: Work and Energy

1) An automobile traveling at 60 mph applies its brakes with a force of 1500 lbs. Using equations for kinetic energy and work, the distance required to stop is calculated as 418.255 feet. 2) Two blocks connected by a cable are released from rest. Using the principle of work and energy for each block and combining the equations, the velocity of block A after moving 2m is calculated as 4.43 m/s. 3) The principle of work and energy is applied to a system of two blocks connected by a pulley. The equations for each block are combined and solved to determine the velocity when one block moves a given distance.

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Jae Anne Sarabia
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780 views4 pages

DYNAMICS: Work and Energy

1) An automobile traveling at 60 mph applies its brakes with a force of 1500 lbs. Using equations for kinetic energy and work, the distance required to stop is calculated as 418.255 feet. 2) Two blocks connected by a cable are released from rest. Using the principle of work and energy for each block and combining the equations, the velocity of block A after moving 2m is calculated as 4.43 m/s. 3) The principle of work and energy is applied to a system of two blocks connected by a pulley. The equations for each block are combined and solved to determine the velocity when one block moves a given distance.

Uploaded by

Jae Anne Sarabia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORK AND ENERGY THEOREM

Problem Statement
An automobile weighing 4000lb is driven down a 5° incline at a speed of 60 mi/h when the
brakes are applied causing a constant total breaking force of 1500 lb. Determine the
distance traveled by the automobile as it comes to a stop.

Required
a) Change in Kinetic Energy
b) Distance required for Work to equal the Kinetic Energy change

Solution
Convert 60 mi/h to ft/s
1mi = 5280 ft
1h = 3600 s
𝑚𝑖 5280 𝑓𝑡 ℎ
𝑣 = 60
ℎ 𝑚𝑖 3600 𝑠
𝒇𝒕
𝒗 = 𝟖𝟖
𝒔
Solving for the Kinetic Energy using the formula

1 Given that w = 4000lb,


𝑇 = 𝑚𝑣 8
2 g = 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 8 = 32.2 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 8
T = kinetic energy
9
m = mass of object 1 4000
:
𝑇> = (88)8
v = speed of object 2 32.2
Therefore, the change in kinetic energy is:
𝑻𝟏 = 𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟗𝟗𝟑. 𝟕𝟖𝟗 𝒇𝒕 ∙ 𝒍

𝑈>→8 = −1500𝑙𝑏 𝑥 + 4000𝑙𝑏 sin 5 𝑥


𝑈>→8 = − 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟏𝒍𝒃 𝒙

Solve for the distance using the Principle of Work and Energy formula

𝑇> + 𝑈>→8 = 𝑇8

Since the automobile is decelerating and about to come to a stop, 𝑇8 = 0

480993.789 𝑓𝑡 – (1150𝑙𝑏) 𝑥 = 0

Therefore, the distance required for the work to equal the kinetic energy change is:

𝒙 = 𝟒𝟏𝟖. 𝟐𝟓𝟓 𝒇𝒕
WORK AND ENERGY THEOREM

Problem Statement
Two blocks are joined by an inextensible cable as shown. If the system is released from
rest, determine the velocity of block A after it has moved 2 m. Assume that the coefficient of
friction between block A and the plane is 𝜇\ = 0.25 and that the pulley is weightless and
frictionless.

Required
a) Apply the principle of work and energy to block A and block B
b) Solve for the Velocity when the two relations are combined and the work of its cable
forces are cancelled

Solution
Solve for the weight of block A and B Solve for the friction force of block A using
using the formula (with a constant gravity the formula
of 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 8 ) 𝐹 = 𝜇𝑁;
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔 𝜇 = 0.25 ; N = W = 1962 N
𝑊_ = 200𝑘𝑔 (9.81 𝑚/𝑠 8 )
𝑾𝑨 = 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟐 𝑵 𝐹_ = 0.25 1962 = 𝟒𝟗𝟎. 𝟓 𝑵
𝑊e = 300𝑘𝑔 (9.81 𝑚/𝑠 8 )
𝑾𝑩 = 𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟑 𝑵
Applying the Principle of Work and Energy
formula

𝑇> + 𝑈>→8 = 𝑇8

For block A:
1
0 + 𝐹i 2𝑚 − 𝐹_ 2𝑚 = 𝑚𝑣 8
2
𝟏
𝑭𝑪 𝟐𝒎 − 𝟒𝟗𝟎 𝑵 𝟐𝒎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈 𝒗𝟐
𝟐
→1

For block B:
1
0 − 𝐹i 2𝑚 + 𝑊e 2𝑚 = 𝑚𝑣 8
2
− 𝑭𝑪 𝟐𝒎 + 𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟑 𝑵 𝟐𝒎
𝟏
= 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈 𝒗𝟐 → 2
𝟐

To solve for the velocity, the two relations are combined


1
𝐹i 2𝑚 − 490 𝑁 2𝑚 = 200𝑘𝑔 𝑣 8 → 1
2
1
− 𝐹i 2𝑚 + 2943 𝑁 2𝑚 = 300𝑘𝑔 𝑣 8 → 2
2
1
2943 𝑁 2𝑚 − 490 𝑁 (2𝑚) = 200𝑘𝑔 + 300𝑘𝑔 𝑣 8
2
1
4906 𝐽 = 500𝑘𝑔 𝑣 8
2
𝑣 8 = 19.6

Therefore, the velocity is:

𝒗 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟑 𝒎/𝒔

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