Behringer Mx3282a
Behringer Mx3282a
ENGLISH
Users Manual
Version 1.1 March 2001
®
EURODESK
www.behringer.com
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
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constitute a risk of shock. manual.
FOREWORD
Dear Customer,
Welcome to the team of EURODESK users and thank you very much for expressing your confidence in
BEHRINGER products by purchasing the MX3282A.
It is one of my most pleasant tasks to write this letter to you, because it is the culmination of many months of
hard work delivered by our engineering team to reach a very ambitious goal: creating an outstanding device that
will become a standard tool used by studios and PA companies. The task to design the MX3282A certainly
meant a great deal of responsibility, which we assumed by focusing on you, the discerning user and musician.
It also meant a lot of work and night shifts to accomplish this goal. But it was fun, too. Developing a product
usually brings a lot of people together, and it really is a great feeling when everybody who participated in such
a project can be proud of what weve achieved!
It is our philosophy to share our joy with you, because you are the most important member of the BEHRINGER
family. With your highly competent suggestions for new products youve greatly contributed to shaping our
company and making it successful. In return, we guarantee you uncompromising quality (manufactured under
ISO9000 certified management system) as well as excellent technical and audio properties at an extremely
affordable price. All of this will enable you to fully unfold your creativity without being hampered by budget
constraints.
We are often asked how we are able to produce such high-grade devices at such unbelievably low prices. The
answer is quite simple: its you, our customers! Many satisfied customers means large sales volumes enabling
us to get better conditions of purchase for components, etc. Isnt it only fair to pass this benefit back to you?
Because we know that your success is our success too!
I would like to thank all people whose help on Project MX3282A has made it all possible. Everybody has
made very personal contributions, starting from the designers of the unit via the many staff members in our
company to you, the user of BEHRINGER products.
Uli Behringer
EURODESK®
Professional 32-channel 8-bus recording & live-mixing console in ultra low-noise design
s 32 microphone/line inputs, 24 mono and 4 stereo
s Ultra low-noise, discrete microphone preamps with +48 V phantom power and switchable low-cut filter
MX3282A
s 32 balanced line inputs and 24 balanced XLR microphone inputs with gold-plated contact surface
s 8 subgroups equipped with independent panpots, separate soloing, main mix switches and individual insert
sockets
s 4 multifunctional stereo aux returns featuring individual level and pan controls, solo and routing switches
s Ultra-musical original EURODESK 4-band EQ (stereo channels) and 3-band EQ with semi-parametric mids
(mono channels)
s 4 pre/post fader switchable aux sends, two permanent pre fader and two permanent post fader located aux
sends for maximum flexibility of monitoring functions and effects routing
s Insert facility on every single mono channel, subgroup and main channel
s Clear and easy comprehensible designed as split console, input and main sections divided
s State of the art 4580 ICs and high-quality components guarantee crystal-clear audio performance and
excellent noise figures
s RCA sockets for 2-track recorders (input and output), input assignable to main mix or monitor
s External power supply design provides endless power resources, superior transient response and humfree
audio
s Balanced inputs and main outputs for highest possible signal quality
s High-precision, 8-digit LED metering device for input channels, main mix and subgroups
s Highest quality faders for main mix, channels and subgroups as well as sealed potentiometers
s Extremely rugged construction ensures long life even under the most demanding conditions
TABLE OF CONTENTS
7. CONNECTIONS .................................................................................................................... 16
7.1 EURODESK MX3282A Back Panel ............................................................................................... 16
7.2 Patchfield and Plug Wiring Scheme .............................................................................................. 16
7.2.1 Soldering Guide .................................................................................................................. 17
8. SETTING UP ......................................................................................................................... 19
8.1 Selecting Inputs ............................................................................................................................ 19
8.2 Initializing Channels for Gain Setting ............................................................................................. 19
8.3 Auditioning a Signal and Setting Up a Channel ............................................................................. 19
8.4 Desk Normalization ....................................................................................................................... 20
9. PATCHBAY ............................................................................................................................ 20
9.1 Parallel ......................................................................................................................................... 20
9.2 Half-normalled ............................................................................................................................... 20
9.3 Normalled ..................................................................................................................................... 21
9.4 Open ............................................................................................................................................. 21
9.5 Patchbay Organization .................................................................................................................. 21
9.6 Looming Problems ........................................................................................................................ 23
1. THE MANUAL
Thank you for expressing your confidence in us and our work by purchasing the EURODESK MX3282A. Our
first task in writing this manual is to make you feel comfortable with the special terms that are used to describe
your EURODESK MX3282A and its proper use.
+ Reading this manual will make you aware of the many possibilities the EURODESK MX3282A
offers you. Please keep this manual safely for future reference.
1.1 Warranty
Please take the time to have the warranty card filled out completely, and return it within 14 days after the date
of purchase, so as to be entitled to benefit from our extended warranty. You may also use our online registration
option available on the Internet at www.behringer.com. You will find the serial number of your MX3282A on the
rear panel.
Your EURODESK was carefully packed in the factory and the package was designed to protect the unit from
rough handling. Nevertheless, we recommend that you carefully examine the packaging and its contents for
any signs of physical damage, which may have occurred while shipping.
+ If the unit is damaged, please do NOT return it to us, but notify your dealer and the shipping
company immediately, otherwise claims for damage or replacement may not be granted.
Shipping claims must be made by the consignee.
+ Before you connect your EURODESK and its external power supply unit (PSU) to the mains,
please make sure that your local voltage matches the voltage required by the unit. On the
PSUs rear panel you will find the information required (see chapter 2.3).
+ The PSU and the mixing console are getting warm while in use. This is a normal effect and no
reason to worry.
+ Operation and installation of the EURODESK and connected studio equipment should only be
done by qualified personnel. Always be sure that operating personnel is sufficiently earthed to
avoid trouble caused by electrostatic charge.
1.2 Nomenclature
Most specialist subjects are not really all that difficult provided you understand the language used, and the
vocabulary of mixing is pretty straight-forward. Nevertheless it is as well to be clear about what certain terms
mean. A slot in a recorder will always be referred to as a track, while that in a mixer will invariably be a
channel. A group will always refer to a sub-mix of channels. Similarly the term band will be mentioned only in
conjunction with frequency.
1.3 Key
On a separate sheet you will find some pages with drawings showing the front, the connector panel and the
rear panel of your EURODESK. Always keep them available while studying this manual.
All EURODESK functions will be numbered consistently throughout the manual, whether they be in the text or
in an illustration.
1. THE MANUAL 7
2. EURODESK OVERVIEW
2.1 Architecture
The MX3282A is a conventional split console. By this we mean that the inputs and outputs occupy separate
areas of the board. This makes for easier visualization of signal path compared to an in-line design, which uses
combined input/output channels. The main section on the right hand side handles all the outputs (as well as 4
stereo aux returns and a 2-track tape input), input channels are located on the left.
The configuration is 32 into 8 into 2. This means that there are 32 channel inputs in total (there are 24 mono and
4 stereo channels), assignable to 8 subgroup buses (plus the main mix) which in turn may be blended into the
main mix stereo output. The subgroups (configurable as stereo pairs if required) are provided for connecting to
a multitrack tape recorder, or for use as a mixing aid during mix-down or during a live concert. Every channel,
and two out of four stereo aux returns included in the MX3282A can access any or all of these subgroups, or
the main mix directly, via comprehensive routing matrices. All channels also have access to eight aux send
buses. Each channel can access 6 aux sends simultaneously. For each channel the 8 aux sends are switchable
between two configurations: six pre- and two post-, or six post- and two pre-fader, for live or studio operating
environments respectively.
Input channels
The first 24 input channels are mono, with a choice of balanced mic (XLR, +48 V phantom power switchable)
or line (1/4" TRS) inputs, both with exceptional gain architecture. A further 8 line inputs are configured as 4
stereo input channels, accepting all line level signals. Every channel has MUTE, SOLO/PFL and comprehensive
EQ. A high-quality 60 mm fader feeds the main mix and/or subgroup buses via subgroup- and mix-assign
switches. A constant-power channel PAN also selects between odd and even-numbered subgroup buses.
Subgroups
For ease and flexibility of mixing, eight mono subgroups with PAN and SOLO are provided. Each has its own
individual output, and each may also be assigned to the main mix.
Aux sends
There are eight master aux send outputs, each with SOLO and GAIN.
Aux returns
Four line-level stereo aux returns, each with SOLO and GAIN, are located above the subgroup faders. Note that
AUX RETURNS 1 and 2 are assignable to any mix bus.
Stereo aux returns
At the main sections top end (middle) you will find four stereo aux returns, each with SOLO and LEVEL control.
AUX RETURN 3 and 4 are hard-wired to the main mix, while AUX RETURNS 1 and 2 can be switched to either
main mix or the subgroups and therefore are equipped with a BALANCE control.
Main mix output / additional features
Main mix output level is being controlled via a pair of high-quality 60 mm faders. The main section also includes
an assignable headphones output with LEVEL, a 2-track tape return assignable to the control room/monitors,
and a solo output, adjustable for audition level and switchable between the solo and PFL function. The monitor
(or control room) output is independently adjustable for level, and the integral TALKBACK mic is routable to
6 of the 8 aux buses, i.e. all possible pre-fader (cue) sends. A BNC connector is provided for a gooseneck lamp
for those dark winters night mixes.
Inserts
Mono channels, subgroups and the main mix all have insert points for patching in dynamics processors etc.
2.2 Metering
All input channels have signal and overload LEDs, while the L and R output has a pair of 12 digit bargraph
meters. The main mix (L/R) meters also have clip LEDs (+28/22 dB: balanced/unbalanced), and double up as
mono PFL or stereo solo meters, or 2-track return meters (in general, what you hear is what you see). During
Solo/PFL only the main mix bargraph meters illuminate.
8 2. EURODESK OVERVIEW
+ The master clip LEDs (+22 dBu) should never be allowed to illuminate. If they do, reduce either
the MAIN MIX fader or the group(s) and/or channel fader(s), or (as a last resort) the channel
input gain(s). Maybe its time to do a round of PFL metering.
+ In Solo/PFL mode a 0 dB meter reading matches an internal operating level of 0 dBu (0.775 V).
However, when looking at the mix, 0 dB is referenced to +4 dBu, the 2-track operating level.
I.e. if only one signal is present in the main mix bus, soloing that signal will cause the meter
reading to increase by +4 dB.
+ Never connect or disconnect your EURODESK and power supply unit when the power supply
unit is on! Always start connecting your MX3282A to the PSU, check if the PSU is turned
off, plug into mains and then power up the PSU and thereby your EURODESK.
Each channel comes with a balanced line input on 1/4" TRS jack, and an XLR mic input. Press the
PHANTOM switch at the back panel if required. The mic amp circuit has an unusually wide gain range
from 10 dB to 60 dB, is of extreme low-noise design, and utilizes high-current conjugate pair vintage transistor
circuitry to deliver an incredibly warm and transparent sound.
When a jack is plugged into the balanced (self-unbalancing) line input, the gain structure is such that it can
match any line level from +10 to -40 dBu. The crucial operating levels +4 dBu and -10 dBV are clearly and
accurately legended ( ).
+ For level-setting (as opposed to localized listening) choose to use the Mono PFL bus rather
than the post-fader (post-channel pan) stereo solo bus (CHANNEL MODE switch not
depressed). SOLO/PFL never interrupts the mix at the main recording outputs. It follows that
aux sends and subgroups must also be unaffected, since they contribute directly to the main
mix.
In addition to switchable Solo/PFL metering, a couple of channel LEDs ( / ) illuminate when a signal is
present (-20 dB), or if a channel is going into overload. These LEDs are particularly useful when using extreme
EQ settings, or adding a dynamics processor via an insert.
You do not want the overload light to come on except very intermittently during a take or a mix. If it does light
persistently, reduce input gain (see also the essential section 8: SETTING UP).
3.2 Equalizer
All mono input channels are fitted with a semi-parametric 3-band EQ, plus a switchable low-cut filter for
eliminating unwanted subsonics. The upper and lower shelving controls have their frequencies fixed at
12 kHz and 80 Hz respectively. The midrange control is semi-parametric with a peaking response,
Q fixed at 2 octaves, sweepable from 100 Hz - 8 kHz ( ). All three bands have up to 15 dB of cut and boost,
with a center detent for off. Thirdly, there is a steep high pass (low-cut) filter , slope @ 18 dB/oct, for
reducing floor rumble, breath noise and popping, woolly bottom end etc.
+ Most reverbs etc. internally sum up the left and right inputs. The very few that do not may be
driven in true stereo by using 2 aux sends.
There is +15 dB of gain on every aux send. Such a high boost is usually only appropriate where the channel
fader is set around -15 dB or lower. Here, an almost exclusively wet signal will be heard. In most consoles,
such a wet mix requires the use of a pre setting for the channel aux send, losing fader control. With the
EURODESK you can have a virtually wet mix with fader control.
Channels may be altered for pre-EQ aux sends (see section 13: MODIFICATIONS).
+ An exception to this rule is when laying down voice takes. It is often convenient to have the
mic channel(s) routed to all potential take tracks simultaneously, since you are often dropping
in quickly between four or more tracks. It means one less button to press each time you switch
tracks.
Level to the group and main left and right busses is ultimately determined by the channel fader . This is
designed to give a smooth logarithmic taper of a type more usually associated with megabuck consoles. The
low level performance particularly is far smoother than that of a normal budget fader.
The MUTE button , like that for SOLO is ergonomically placed immediately above the channel fader,
and has an associated LED for excellent visual status indication of this much-used feature. Engaging
mute is equivalent to setting a fader level of minus infinity. It follows that pre-fader aux sends are unaffected by
application of mute.
Each stereo channel comes with two line level inputs on 1/4" jacks, for left and right signals. When only the left
input is connected, the channel operates in mono.
+ This feature is disabled, if the inputs and outputs of the EURODESK are wired permanently to
a patchbay (see section 9: PATCHFIELD).
Channel input sensitivity is variable between -20 and +20 dB by adjusting GAIN , enabling a perfect match
with all common line-level sources including multitrack tape outputs, MIDI and other electronic instruments
and effects units, all of which are normally designed to operate at either +4 dBu or -10 dBV.
4.2 Equalizer
All stereo input channels are fitted with four-band, fixed-frequency EQ. Bands 1 and 4 are shelving, while bands
2 and 3 have a peaking response, with their Q set at 2 octaves.
The upper and lower shelving controls have their turnover frequencies fixed at 12 kHz and 80 Hz,
whereas the midrange controls and have their bell center frequencies set at 8 kHz and 800 Hz.
All bands have up to 15 dB of cut and boost, with a center detent for off.
+ A stereo equalizer is generally preferable to using two mono equalizers when EQ-ing a stereo
signal, as often discrepancies between left and right settings can occur.
5.1 Subgroups
The principal routes to multitrack are via the subgroup outputs. There are eight mono (or four stereo) subgroups.
All channels can access all of them, as can aux returns 1 and 2 ( ). Subgroup level is determined by the
SUBGROUP fader , while the signal level may be accurately checked by solo-ing ( ).
Subgroup outputs can also be assigned to the main mix during mixdown by pressing the MAIN MIX switch
, in which case stereo position in the L R mix is determined by the subgroups PAN pot .
+ Try inserting compression/de-essing/an exciter or a noise gate across grouped signals (e.g.
backing vocals, drums, layered synths).
+ Try merging a dry signal with a little wet, then compressing the sum heavily. Though the
reverb proportion will be low when a signal is present, the resultant reverb tail pumped up by
the compressor at the start of each silence will give the illusion that the reverb was massive at
the time. (The listener will be left wondering how the singer could sound so dear in such a wet
acoustic!)
+ If you want to insert a dynamics processor etc. into one of the stereo channels, it must be done
between the source output and the EURODESK, as these channels have no bona-fide insert
point.
+ Please note that we didnt draw the ground/screen connection in the following graphics to
keep them as simple as possible.
+ If you want to insert an external EQ or dynamics processor post-EQ, a subgroup insert should
be used as follows:
In this arrangement you might find that compression tends to soften the perceived amount of (especially treble)
EQ applied. The solution here is to apply more EQ. This creates a real pressure sound, great for high energy
music such as dance.
In the above example, any aux sends to effects should be applied before the EQ/dynamics processing takes
place. If you want the aux sends to be post-processing, you will need to address the signal to one of the
subgroups and then insert the EQ/dynamics processor between the corresponding subgroup output (insert
send) and a channel input (insert return).
You can now reclaim the channel 2 input as follows: By applying the channels insert send you can route out
an instruments signal being plugged into the line input, treat it with an EQ/dynamics processor, and then
reroute it via a subgroup (insert return) to the master section.
An additional patch enables channel EQ to be placed onto a subgroup with no reduction in the number of line
inputs available, as well as providing an opportunity to lead a signal pre-EQ into a subgroup. By inserting a plug
into the channel insert socket, the channel is interrupted between the gain pot and the EQ. A signal which is
being led into the channels mic- or line input is now guided into the subgroup inserts input. It appears to be
sensible to use this signal path preferably for readily edited signals (e.g. tape tracks or post-EQ DI-outs from
instruments amplifiers), as there is no EQ in the subgroup signal path.
Fig. 5.3: Making use of the channel EQ for shaping subgroup-signal by applying inserts
+ Insert points may also be used as pre-EQ direct outputs without interrupting the signal flow.
See fig. 7.1 Direct out connection.
6. MAIN SECTION
+ This feature is disabled if all line-level l/Os from the EURODESK are wired permanently to a
patchbay (see section 9: PATCHBAY).
+ As always, there are exceptions to the rule above. Some short stereo delay effects (say 30 ms
to left, 50 ms to right) cause a psycho acoustic effect where the earlier delay seems louder. A
similar effect is noticeable when harmonizing in stereo: a slight pitch shift upwards will seem
louder than one that goes down. In both cases use BALANCE to compensate. (An analogy
comes from greece: the columns of the Parthenon in Athens are slightly bowed so as to appear
straight.)
When carrying out the setup mentioned above or any other stereo imaging exercise, dont just rely on the
control room monitors. Get a pair of headphones and listen in stereo and in reverse stereo, to allow for any
hearing discrepancy between your ears.
Aux returns 3 & 4
Aux returns 3 and 4 are the poor relations, with only a LEVEL pot and SOLO switch each. These are
always assigned to the main bus.
Solo
Below the aux returns 1/3 and 2/4 lies a local Solo LED . This flashes whenever a solo button in the column
above is pressed.
14 6. MAIN SECTION
+ There is no absolute reason why the send from aux 1 should feed into a processor whose
outputs are sent to the aux return 1. The processor could just as easily be patched into the aux
return 3, or even a pair of channels. For many purposes, however, it is sensible to set up a
default patch where the aux sends and returns correspond. It is logical to put your premier FX
units into the aux 1 and aux 2 loops, since these returns enable you to record to tape without
repatching.
+ Sometimes an engineer wants to narrow the stereo width of a reverb field. To do this you will
have to come back on channels, because they have full panorama facilities.
6.2 Monitoring
Though most of you will want to audition the main mix most of the time there are exceptions. These include
Solo/PFL and 2-TRACK playback . The bargraph meters follow whatever source is being auditioned (the
meters wont make much sense if more than one source is selected).
+ Altering what goes into the control room monitors does not affect the signal from the main mix
recording outputs. That offers to you the opportunity to do a quick solo during a mix whenever
you want without having to start again!
The MONITOR/CTRL LEVEL pot sets the level to the control room monitors. This is sourced post the
main mix stereo fader setting. Your fades couldnt be heard otherwise.
Dont rely on a single pair of loudspeakers to audition your mix. Youd better use a variety of different speakers.
Lastly, there is a MONO button , useful for checking the phase correlation and/or coherence of a stereo
signal. Again, this does not affect the main mix output.
6.3 Headphones
The headphones may be sourced from the monitor/control room mix , and/or from pre-fader
aux sends 1/2 or switchable pre/post aux sends 5/6 for artist cueing. Two headphones sockets are
provided on the back panel.
The headphone mix level is controlled by a LEVEL pot , and the gain is sufficient to drive headphones
directly. This is fine for a MIDI suite with overdub booth, but for the bigger studios headphone network using a
separate headphones distribution amplifier like the BEHRINGER POWERPLAY PRO HA4600 is recommended.
This can offer the added advantage of independent headphones level control for every performer.
6.4 Solo/PFL
Solo
Solo is short for Solo-in-Place, and is the preferred method for auditioning an isolated signal, or group of
signals. Whenever a Solo button is pressed, all unselected channels are muted in the monitors. Stereo panning
is maintained. The solo bus is derived from the output of the channel pans, aux sends, stereo line inputs and
subgroups, and is always post-fader.
PFL
Pressing the channel mode switch once disengages the stereo solo bus, and replaces it with a separate
mono PFL (Pre-Fader Listen) bus. Now any channel which is solo-ed, isnt. It is PFL-ed instead. PFL should
always be used for gain-setting.
The channel mode (PFL or Solo) is indicated by a pair of status LEDs (located below the bargraph meter ),
pot controls the solo level, which will normally be set to unity gain (center detent) to match the in-the-mix
level (see also the essential section 8: SETTING UP).
6. MAIN SECTION 15
With the MON/CTR LEVEL control fully clockwise, your 2-track input will be matched to the semi-
professional level -10 dBV. For higher output recording sources (e.g. +4 dBu) turn the level of down.
+ The 2-track input could usefully be connected to the output of a hi-fi pre-amp or integrated
amplifier, allowing you to easily audition a variety of sources (e.g. CD, phono etc.).
2-track output
A pair of balanced XLR and jack connectors deliver the mix output to your 2-track recorder (or PA system) at
+4 dBu. Alternative RCA phono (-10 dBV) connectors are provided, too.
Level to tape is ultimately determined by precision faders . Main mix insert points are provided for patching
a gate, a compressor etc. pre-fader. This is important: Connecting a compressor or gate after the 2-track
output would disrupt any attempt to acquiring a smooth fade using the output faders.
Although the 2-track output is primarily designed for recording, it can also be used as a PA feed, or as a send
to the input of your sampler. In fact up to three simultaneous destinations can be serviced without resorting to
a patchbay or splitter leadsthere are three separate 2-track outputs on your EURODESK!
6.6 Talkback
The built-in flush-mounted mic is activated by depressing the non-latching TALK switch just above the
MAIN MIX faders. Engaging talkback dims the control room monitors, (not lights!) by -20dB to avoid feedback.
This does not affect the other talkback routes.
Talkback level is set by , and the mic can be routed to any or all of auxes 1/2, 5/6 or 7/8 ( , , )
in other words every possible pre-fader (cue) aux sendto enable you to talk to artists remotely through their
headphones or personal stage mixes.
Sometimes you will want a much higher rejection of feedback than a flush-mounted talkback mic could ever
provide. When running a live concert mix, a dynamic mic plugged into a spare channel and routed to all the
pre-fader sends only will do the job.
7. CONNECTIONS
+ Unbalanced equipment may be connected to balanced inputs/outputs. Either use mono 1/4"
jacks or connect ring and barrel of TRS jacks (or pin 1 and 3 of XLR plugs).
16 7. CONNECTIONS
+ Care should be taken NOT to plug mics into the console (or stagebox) while the phantom
power is on. Also mute the monitor / PA speakers when turning phantom power on or off.
Allow 1 minute after powering up for the system to equilibrate before setting input gains.
+ All outputs are ground-compensated (decoupled from the mains supply earth) to eliminate the
possibility of ground loops.
+ Please make sure that every part of your equipment is connected to the mains earth. To avoid
any risk of electric shock never disconnect the mains earth from any part of your equipment!
7. CONNECTIONS 17
18 7. CONNECTIONS
8. SETTING UP
+ Do not connect mics with phantom power switched on. NEVER use unbalanced mic cables
with the phantom power switched on ever! Shorting +48 V DC to earth can cause serious
damage.
2) Stereo channels accept line level signals. Any stereo channel can be run in mono simply by connecting into
the left jack socket only.
+ This feature is disabled if all line level in-/outputs from the EURODESK are wired permanently
to a patchbay (see section 9 PATCHBAY).
The stereo channels are suitable for a variety of line-level sources including MIDI instruments, effects outputs,
and tape returns from multitrack.
3) Stereo aux inputs are primarily designed for returning effects units, though these too may be given over to
multitrack returns or MIDI instrument outputs.
+ A -10 dBV nominal operating level for an effects processor is almost certainly referenced to
0 dB on the units input or output meter. If the FX processor has indication only for input level,
ensure that the output gives comparable, i.e. unity, gain.
8. SETTING UP 19
9. PATCHBAY
A patchbay allows to patch the audio signals of most components in your studio from a central point and send
them to other units, which makes your entire cabling better structured and is indispensable for professional
work. If you want to use your studio as effectively as possible then it is preferable to use a complete patchbay
wiring scheme. But even smaller studio configurations will benefit from less sophisticated patchbay solutions.
The majority of commercially available patchbays include two rows with 24 phone jacks each in a 19" 1 U rack
panel. On the rear, either a corresponding number of phone jacks or contacts for soldering signal leads can be
found. Each group of four of these phone jacks forms one module. The configuration of some Patchbays can be
changed by inserting jumpers or turning individual modules.
With the help of our ULTRAPATCH PRO PX2000, an easy-to-use 24-patchbay offering phone jacks throughout,
you can easily understand the four different modes. With the ULTRAPATCH PRO you can select between the
four different operating modes simply by setting a switch on the upper panel (example: module 17):
9.1 Parallel
In this mode, all terminals of one module are interconnected. This configuration doesnt make sense at first glance
but is used to split up and send one audio signal (e.g. aux send) to several destinations (e.g. effects devices).
9.2 Half-normalled
In this configuration, the contacts of the two jacks on the rear are interconnected. When you insert a plug into the
upper front jack, the signal routed through the rear path is not interrupted. Only when the lower front jack is used
will the rear panel route be split up, so that the two upper and the two lower phone jacks are connected to one
another. This configuration is called input break and is used mainly for insert paths. So you can easily patch the
signal from a mixing console channel at the Patchbay without interrupting the signal flow in the channel.
20 9. PATCHBAY
9.3 Normalled
Here, and in contrast to the half-normalled setup, the signal route of the rear phone jacks is interrupted when
you insert a plug both into the upper and lower front jacks.
9.4 Open
This mode is used to connect devices such as sound modules or CD players having no inputs of their own. This
saves space, as you can route the left and right outputs to one module (left - top; right - bottom) or patch two
devices to one module (top and bottom). Effects devices and 2-tracks can be configured this way, so the inputs
and outputs are positioned on top of each other.
Basically, the inputs are routed to the bottom and the outputs to the top rear-wall connectors. Avoid routing
digital signals over a patchbay as the pulse signal used for the transmission of such signals causes heavy
interference in analog signals. Additionally, normal patchbays change the impedance of the digital cable route,
which causes interference in the digital path. Use the BEHRINGER ULTRAMATCH SRC2000 specifically
designed for this and other digital signal-related functions.
Microphone inputs operate at a level several orders of magnitude lower than line levels (+4 dBu or -10 dBV).
Therefore, they should never be routed via a patchbay. In any case, patching in a field with 48 V DC (phantom power)
flying about is to be avoided at all costs. It is best to plug mics directly into the mixing console or via special XLR-type
wall boxes connected to the mic inputs of the console by good-quality balanced multicore cables (2-cond. + shield).
9. PATCHBAY 21
In the first eight modules of patchbay 1 the subgroup outputs are directly connected to the corresponding
multitrack inputs. In addition to that it is also possible to record the signals coming from a subgroup on a
different track of the multitrack. To save space and provide a clearly structured configuration, the direct outputs
are connected both to the top and bottom jacks. Modules 17 & 18 are the stereo master output, which is half-
normalled and thus allows for recording both to the DAT recorder and the tape deck, simply by patching it
accordingly. Modules 19 & 20 (tape deck) are open, because it does not make sense connecting the inputs
and outputs of the tape deck. 21 & 22 are normalled and route the DAT recorder outputs to the
2-track inputs of the mixing console. So it always is possible to control the recorded data on the 2-track from
the mixing console. The CD player and the HiFi system are connected to modules 23 & 24, which are open,
because they only serve as a source.
In patchbay 2 the first 16 modules are normalled (1 through 8 IN could also be used to connect the
corresponding monitor inputsif the console has a separate monitor section). MIDI devices such as samplers,
expanders, keyboards, etc. are usually set up in every corner of the room. To make the cabling better structured
we route these units to modules 9 through 16. This allows further workmanship of the MIDI devices at the
mixing console. Modules 17 through 20 are normalled and have the FX inputs and the aux sends connected, 21
through 24 are also normalled and are patched to the two stereo aux returns with the FX outputs.
22 9. PATCHBAY
In patchbay 3 , modules 1 through 16 are for the channel insert. These modules are half-normalled, so that
you have an additional route for the channel signals. The same applies to the insert paths of the subgroups and
the master output. The headphones amp is connected to 23 & 24, which are normalled and connected to the
control room outputs of the mixing console. Of course, you can also use pre-fader aux paths for the headphones
mix.
Patchbay 4 manages the dynamics and frequency-processing devices in an open configuration (modules 1
through 16). Multigates and Compressors should be used here, in particular. Modules 17 through 24 are used
to provide a parallel split, i.e. two modules are patched to each other on the rear with one patch cord, so that
you can split up a signal applied on the front panel to several destinations. These modules have a parallel
configuration.
It should be noted that patchbays should be placed one below the other in such a way that the patch cords
wont hang all over the patchbays. In our example you dont have to span great distances, for instance, to patch
the dynamics and EQs to the insert paths.
10. APPLICATIONS
+ Use the LO CUT filters to eliminate floor rumble, mics popping etc.
10. APPLICATIONS 23
+ Effects may be a little over-the-top for a live band (not so for a dance act!). You might want to
have 2 effects sends, but six independent cue feeds for on-stage monitoring.
+ Record the FOH mix to DAT (or to 1 or 2 channels of the multitrack) as a listening aid during
mixdown (or to blend with dry submixes).
Tab. 10.1: MX3282A tracksheet for live concert and simultaneous recording
24 10. APPLICATIONS
+ In all cases the wet/dry balance of the supplementary vocal signal takes place within the FX
processor.
10. APPLICATIONS 25
26 10. APPLICATIONS
Tab. 10.3: MX3282A example: 16-track studio recording, bass guitar and drum tracks
10. APPLICATIONS 27
The layout shown in fig. 10.4 corresponds to the music overdub situation once all bass & drum takes have been
completed. We have re-patched tape tracks onto main channels.
Remember to disconnect (from the wall boxes or desk XLR inputs) any microphones not in use. Otherwise the
line inputs of channels 1-24 wont work properly (live mics picking up extraneous noise etc.).
*: The temporary tape monitor returns become redundant as and when tape tracks are able to be patched into
main channels. You could begin to spread your FX and sequenced music returns over these stereo channels
as they become available.
At last it is time for vocal overdubs and touch-ups like percussion parts.
(Fig. 10.4): Once overdubbing is complete the subgroups may be used in mono (or stereo pairs) as an aid to
mixdown, e.g. to control multiple backing vocals, or drum kit tracks such as tom-toms and overhead mics.
28 10. APPLICATIONS
Check that the input levels to each track are optimized before recording commences.
11.1 Mixing
11.1.1 Equalization
In the beginning, EQ was an instrument for removing unwanted frequencies, or compensating for imperfect
microphone response curves, or bumps in a studios acoustic. It was a corrective device. Tamla Motown turned
that notion upside down in the sixties with the novel idea that you try to find for each instrument a characteristic
frequency not shared by the other instruments in the mix. Then you whack up its gain. This makes individual
voices punch through a mix in a slightly unnatural but exciting way.
In general, corrective EQ usually involves broadband (slope) contouring, together with narrowband notching of
unwanted resonances. The narrower the notch or Q, the less the total signal will be affected.
Finding bad resonances is made easier by first frequency sweeping in BOOST mode.
Motown EQ is achieved by applying boost in a fairly broadband way. The broader the band, the more
musical but less instrument-specific the effect. Applying boost over a narrow bandwidth will sound honky.
For sounds which require drastic corrective EQ, it is advisable to have a couple of channels of fully comprehensive
parametric equalization in your rack. (You can always bounce tracks through the outboard EQ, freeing up the
unit for the next task).
Check out the BEHRINGER ULTRA-CURVE PRO DSP8024, a superlative digital stereo equalizer and much,
much more. Or our ULTRA-Q PRO PEQ2200 5-band constant-Q state-variable analog EQ.
For advanced equalization, EQ might be applied to a signal as follows: First, trim the LF and HF shelves to
achieve the required slope or loudness. Now use a parametric EQ band to boost the most significant frequency
for each instrument or tape track. Over all channels, if two or more of these frequencies coincide, then you
might have to settle for second best in some cases, if you want to achieve optimum separation in the mix.
Really nasty frequencies will need notching out.
A vocal signal can be enhanced by applying a significant boost in the 12 kHz region or higher, above the nasty
sibilance region. This is especially effective if youve got a de-esser patched post-EQ.
+ Use the low-cut filter to tighten up channels in a mix: maybe remove it only for the bass, kick
drum, toms, tablas, didgeridoo and other deliberate subsonics (when recording classical music
ignore this advice).
With the LF set to boost and the low-cut switch activated, you have got a peak response rather than shelving
at the bottom. Good for tight but deep bass.
Remember EQ contouring can be done with cut as well as with boost. Cutting away the top and bottom, then
pushing up the gain is equivalent to mid range boost! EQ is not a one way street!
Always reset a channels input gain (or external devices output level) after altering the amount of desk EQ cut
or boost applied.
12. EXPANDING
When the EURODESK is your main mixer, you may find that you run out of inputs as your system expands.
It is possible to expand your mixing system by combining two or more mixers.
Adding extra line inputs to your EURODESK
A small line mixer (such as the BEHRINGER ULTRALINK PRO MX882 8+2 Channel Mixer/Splitter/Signal
Router) can inexpensively add extra line inputs to your console. With the ULTRALINK PRO, any stereo,
line-level input on your EURODESK can become a stereo line input plus a further 6 pan-able mono line inputs.
Great for adding tape monitor returns etc.
The EURODESK outputs are essentially submixes of several channels of sound, and are therefore likely to be
considerably higher than the typical source signals (coming from mics, MIDI instruments or tape) seen by the
master console. Therefore, we recommend a reduction of gain in those channels of the master console that are
fed by the EURODESKs outputs.
Linking the EURODESK to a master console
Feed any or all of the main mix, subgroup outputs and aux outputs from your EURODESK into separate input
channels of the master console. The aux outputs should be routed only to individual aux send buses on the
master console. Now the aux sends from the EURODESK can access effects currently used by the master
console.
30 12. EXPANDING
13. MODIFICATIONS
The following modifications require you to do some soldering. Only attempt that if you are experienced in using
an iron on PCBs. Otherwise, refer to qualified personnel. After modification the BEHRINGER warranty becomes
discretionary.
Links should not be threaded into holes on the PCB. They should be soldered to the tinned areas around the
holes, and bowed slightly upwards in between.
Aux sends > pre EQ
All channel aux sends are post-EQ. If you want to convert them, carry out the modification described below to
each channel. The right PCB area is indicated by a yellow printing (see figures below).
1) Disconnect power supply.
2) Cut the post track.
3) Add in a pre link.
4) Repeat for all channels you want to be modified.
AUX AUX
PRE PRE
Add a ´pre´ link
JPn JPn
%HIRUH $IWHU
13. MODIFICATIONS 31
14. SPECIFICATIONS
Input channels
Mic input Electronically balanced, discrete input configuration
Mic E.I.N. (22 Hz - 22 kHz) 129.0 dBu, 150 Ohm source
117.3 dBqp, 150 Ohm source
132.0 dBu, input shorted
122.0 dBqp, input shorted
Distortion (THD&N) 0,007% @ +4 dBu, 1 kHz, bandwidth 80 kHz
Gain range +10 dB to +60 dB
Max input (Mic) +12 dBu
Line input Electronically balanced
gain range Unity to +40 dB
Max input (line) +22 dBu
Channel fader range +10 dB to -85 dB
Aux send gain range off to Unity to +15 dB
Equalization
Hi shelving 12 kHz +/-15 dB, Q fixed at 2 oct.
Hi mid bell (Ch 25-32) 3 kHz +/-15 dB, Q fixed at 2 oct.
Mid sweep (Ch 1-24) 100 Hz - 8 kHz +/-15 dB, Q fixed at 1 oct.
Lo mid bell (Ch 25-32) 500 Hz +/-15 dB, Q fixed at 2 oct.
Lo shelving 80 Hz +/-15 dB, Q fixed at 2 oct.
Low-cut (high pass) filter 75 Hz, 18 dB/oct.
Channel insert
Max in / out +22 dBu
Channel to channel crosstalk -95 dB @ 1 kHz
Subgroup section
Noise Bus noise @ fader 0 dB: -105.0 dBr (ref.: +4 dBu);
-92.0 dBr (ref.: +4 dBu, all input channels assigned,
Unity gain, channels muted);
-87.0 dBr (ref.: +4 dBu, all input channels assigned, Unity gain)
Submaster output
Max. output +22 dBu balanced/unbalanced
Fader range +10 dB to -85 dB/off
Main mix section
Noise Bus noise @ fader 0 dB: -102.0 dBr (ref.: +4 dBu);
-92.0 dBr (ref.: +4 dBu. all input channels assigned, Unity gain,
channels muted);
-87.0 dBr (ref. +4 dBu, all input channels assigned, Unity gain)
Max output +28 dBu balanced, +22 dBu unbalanced
Aux returns
Gain range off to Unity to +20 dB
Aux sends
Max. output +22 dBu
General
Distortion (THD & N) 0.007 %, @ +4 dBu, 1 kHz, bandwidth 80 kHz
Frequency response 20 Hz - 40 kHz +/-1 dB any input to any output; 10 Hz -120 kHz +/-3 dB
Physical dimensions
(H * W * D) Mixer approx. 3 3/4" (90 mm) * 40" (1015 mm) * 20 3/4" (527 mm)
Weight approx. 17,7 kg
(H * W * D) Power Supply Unit approx. 3 1/2" (86 mm) * 17 1/8" (435 mm) * 9 3/4" (246 mm)
Weight 6,2 kg
BEHRINGER is constantly striving to maintain the highest professional standards. As a result of these efforts, modifications may be
made from time to time to existing products without prior notice. Specifications and appearance may differ from those listed or
shown.
15. WARRANTY
2. If the warranty claim proves to be justified, the product will be 6. If an inspection of the product by BEHRINGER shows that the
returned to the user freight prepaid. defect in question is not covered by the warranty, the inspection
costs are payable by the customer.
3. Warranty claims other than those indicated above are expressly
excluded. 7. Products which do not meet the terms of this warranty will be
repaired exclusively at the buyers expense. BEHRINGER will
§ 3 RETURN AUTHORIZATION NUMBER inform the buyer of any such circumstance. If the buyer fails to
1. To obtain warranty service, the buyer (or his authorized dealer) submit a written repair order within 6 weeks after notification,
must call BEHRINGER (see enclosed list) during normal business BEHRINGER will return the unit C.O.D. with a separate invoice
hours BEFORE returning the product. All inquiries must be for freight and packing. Such costs will also be invoiced
accompanied by a description of the problem. BEHRINGER will separately when the buyer has sent in a written repair order.
then issue a return authorization number. § 5 WARRANTY TRANSFERABILITY
2. Subsequently, the product must be returned in its original This warranty is extended exclusively to the original buyer
shipping carton, together with the return authorization number to (customer of retail dealer) and is not transferable to anyone
the address indicated by BEHRINGER. who may subsequently purchase this product. No other person
3. Shipments without freight prepaid will not be accepted. (retail dealer, etc.) shall be entitled to give any warranty promise
on behalf of BEHRINGER.
§ 4 WARRANTY REGULATIONS
§ 6 CLAIM FOR DAMAGES
1. Warranty services will be furnished only if the product is
accompanied by a copy of the original retail dealers invoice. Failure of BEHRINGER to provide proper warranty service shall
Any product deemed eligible for repair or replacement by not entitle the buyer to claim (consequential) damages. In no
BEHRINGER under the terms of this warranty will be repaired or event shall the liability of BEHRINGER exceed the invoiced value
replaced within 30 days of receipt of the product at BEHRINGER. of the product.
2. If the product needs to be modified or adapted in order to § 7 OTHER WARRANTY RIGHTS AND NATIONAL LAW
comply with applicable technical or safety standards on a national 1. This warranty does not exclude or limit the buyers statutory
or local level, in any country which is not the country for which rights provided by national law, in particular, any such rights
the product was originally developed and manufactured, this against the seller that arise from a legally effective purchase
modification/adaptation shall not be considered a defect in contract.
materials or workmanship. The warranty does not cover any
such modification/adaptation, irrespective of whether it was 2. The warranty regulations mentioned herein are applicable
carried out properly or not. Under the terms of this warranty, unless they constitute an infringement of national warranty law.
BEHRINGER shall not be held responsible for any cost resulting
from such a modification/adaptation.
The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. No part of this manual may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording of any kind, for any
purpose, without the expressed written permission of BEHRINGER Spezielle Studiotechnik GmbH.
BEHRINGER, EURORACK, EURODESK, ULTRA-DYNE, ULTRA-CURVE, ULTRA-Q, ULTRAPATCH, POWERPLAY
and FEEDBACK DESTROYER are registered trademarks. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
© 2001 BEHRINGER Spezielle Studiotechnik GmbH.
BEHRINGER Spezielle Studiotechnik GmbH, Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Str. 36-38, 47877 Willich-Münchheide II, Germany
Tel. +49 (0) 21 54 / 92 06-0, Fax +49 (0) 21 54 / 92 06-30
15. WARRANTY 33