PreCalc 2.6 Notes
PreCalc 2.6 Notes
PreCalc 2.6 Notes
6 Notes
x−3
Ex. f(x) = x+1 Find domain, zeros and y-intercept.
Domain ________________________
Zeros __________________________
y-intercept ________________________
x=a
3x
fx =
x+4
g x = 3
h y = -4 10
approaches 4
y=b 2
x = a is a vertical asymptote if
-1 5 -10 -5 5 10 15
-2
-6
-8
-10
-12
f(x) = b or y = b is a horizontal asymptote if f(x)→b as x→∞ or -∞
that is, the graph gets closer and closer to b in both directions
2x
Ex. Look at the table for f(x) = x+1 . What does it tell us about the
asymptotes?
X Y
-1.2 12
-1.1 22
-1 Error Where is the vertical asymptote?
-.9 -18
-.8 -8
0 0 Where is the horizontal
asymptote?
1 1
5 1.667
10 1.82
20 1.9
50 1.96
150 1.99
650 1.997 A vertical asymptote(x = #) occurs at the
zeros
x 2 + x−3
Like
( x3 + x 2−2 x +4 )
. The terms most affected by substituting in
extreme values will be the terms with the highest exponents. In this case,
if you substitute very large numbers into the equation, the denominator will
get bigger and bigger and the value of the fraction will get smaller and
smaller.
Horizontal asymptote is y = 0.
x 2 + x−3
Like 2 x 2 −x+5 . The numerator and denominator grow together.
coefficient of numerator
Horizontal asymptote y = coefficient of denomin ator
x 2 +3 x−1
Like x +2 . The numerator gets bigger and bigger and the value of
the fraction gets bigger and bigger. This function will not get closer to any
particular value.
No horizontal asymptote.
Ex. Give the domain, zero, y-intercept and asymptotes:
3x
f ( x )=
1. x+5 D: ________
Zero at _________
Type in calc
y-intercept ____________
-15 -10 -5 5 10 15
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
3x
f ( x )=
2. x 2 +5 D: ______________________
4 .5
3x
fx =
Zero ______________________
x2 +5
gx = 0 4
3 .5
y-intercept ______________________
2 .5
1 .5
0 .5
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0 .5
-1
vertical asymptote _____________________
-1 .5
-2
-2 .5
-3
-3 .5
-4
horizontal asymptote ___________________
type in calc
Note: A graph can cross a horizontal asymptote, but not a vertical one
1 x+1
f ( x )=1+ or
3. x x D: ____________________
fx =
x+1
x 3.5
Zero __________________
g x = 1
q y = 0
y-intercept ___________________
3
2.5
1.5
0.5
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
-3.5
A hole occurs in a graph when the numerator and denominator have a
common factor that is cancelled when the fraction is reduced.
Identify holes at the same time you list vertical asymptotes, but be
sure to identify it as a hole.
x 2−4
f ( x )=
Ex. x−2
D: __________________
Zero __________________
y-intercept ______________
x 2−4
f ( x )=
Look at the graph of x−2 . It looks like the graph of y = x + 2,
except there’s a hole at (2, 4)
5
calculator will not draw in
4
2
for it yourself and add to
1
your picture.
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
2
x −9
f ( x )= 2
Ex. x −2 x−3
D: _________________
Zero _______________
y-intercept ________________
x2 -9
fx = 7
x2 -2x-3
rx = 1
s y = -1 6
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
Calculator Notes:
1) To get your table to show specific values of x without scrolling
through a long list:
Now when you go to the table it will be blank. You provide the
values of x you want shown.