Unit-II: Elements of logistics and supply chain management

1. Logistics and Maintenance Support Planning:

Interactive planning, organisation and management activities are
necessary to ensure that logistics requirements for any given program
are properly coordinated and implemented. A comprehensive logistics
plan needs to be implemented through the establishment and control
functions to ensure that the plan is properly carried out.

2. Logistics Maintenance and Support Personnel:

The personal required to perform unique logistics and system
maintenance activities are covered in this category.

3. Training and Training Support:

This category includes all personnel, equipment, facilities data or
documentation and associated resources necessary for the training
of operational and maintenance personnel to include both initial
and replenishment or replacement training.

4. Supply Support—Spares or repair parts and associated

inventories: This elements covers all spares say, repairable units,
assemblies, modules and the like, repair parts say, non-repairable
pasts or components, Censurable, liquids, lubricants, gases
disposable items special supplies, and related inventories needed to
maintain the prime mission related equipment computers and
software, test and support equipment, transportation and handling
equipment, training equipment, communications equipment and
facilities or utilities.
5. Computer Resources: This category covers all computers,
associated software connecting components, net works, and
interfaces necessary to support the day-to-day flow of information
for all logistics functions
6. Technical data, Reports and Documentation
7. Maintenance and Support Facilities and Utilities:
This category covers all special facilities that are unique and are required
to support logistics activities, to include storage buildings and
warehouses and maintenance facilities at all levels.
8. Packaging, Handling, Storage or ware housing and
Transportation:
This category logistics includes all materials, equipment special
provisions, containers both resistible and disposable and supplies
necessary to support the packages, safety and preservation, storage,
handling and or transportation of the prime mission related elements of
the system, personnel spares and repair parts, test and support
equipment technical data, computer resources and mobile facilities.
9. Test, Measurement, Handling and Support Equipment
10. Logistic Information:

There are four major elements of supply chain management:

integration, operations, purchasing and distribution - Element
One: Integration As with any project, planning is essential to long-term
success. Part of good planning is setting up integration, which means
that everyone involved in the manufacturing process communicates and
collaborates
Element Two: Operations
As important as strategy is to keeping a strong supply chain, day-to-day
operations are the backbone of the work manufacturers do.
Element Three: Purchasing- You can’t make something from nothing.
The purchasing area of supply chain management makes sure a company
has everything it needs to manufacture products, including materials,
supplies, tools and equipment.
Element Four: Distribution - The supply chain ends when the product
lands on store shelves where customers can buy them or their front door
(if they purchase them online). But getting products there means having
a well-planned shipping process.
QUS 2- demand forecasting
It is a technique for estimation of probable demand for a product or
services in the future. It is based on the analysis of past demand for
that product or service in the present market condition. Demand
forecasting should be done on a scientific basis and facts and events
related to forecasting should be considered.
Following is the significance of Demand Forecasting:
Fulfilling objectives of the business
Preparing the budget
Taking management decision
Evaluating performance etc.

The scope of demand forecasting depends upon the operated area of the
firm, present as well as what is proposed in the future.
There are two types of forecasting:
 Based on Economy
 Based on the time period

QUS 3- functions of inventory

Inventory means all the materials (may be raw or finished
parts/components, in process or finished products, castings and
consumable tools, electrodes etc.) recorded on the ledgers/books of the
organization and kept in its stocks (in the store or warehouses) for some
period of time.
So inventory is an essential part of an organization. Every
enterprise/business or manufacturer concern however big or small has
to maintain some inventory.
(i) Inventories Serve as Cushions: Against shocks due to
demand/supply fluctuations, it separates different manufacturing
operations from one another and makes them independent so that each
operation can be performed economically
(ii) Inventory, a Necessary Evil for Any Enterprise:
Inventories require valuable space, capital and other overheads for
maintaining it. The invested capital remains idle till the stocks are not
consumed. On the other hand, smooth working of the organization is not
possible without inventory so it is a necessity.
(iii) Inventory Provides Production Economies:
Purchase in desired quantities nullifies the effects of change in prices or
supply. Stocks bring economy so purchase of various inputs due to
discounts on bulk purchase.
(iv) Maintenance of Smooth and Efficient Production Flow:
Maintains smooth and efficient production flow thus keeps a process
continually operating.
(v) Creation of Motivational Effect in Decision Making:
Creates motivational effect in decision and policy making e.g. a person
may be tempted to purchase more if inventories are displayed in bulk.
importance of inventory to an organization:
(i) Good consumer service can be provided and maintained in the
organization.
(ii) Enables smooth and efficient production flow of goods/items.
(iii) Provides protection against uncertainties regarding demand and
supply of materials and output.
(iv) Various production activities can be independently and economically
performed,
(v) Ensure better utilization of men, machines and materials.
QUS 4- warehousing and distribution centres
 A warehouse is used for storing products while a distribution
center, apart from storing products offers value-added services like
product mixing, order fulfillment, cross docking, packaging etc.
 A distribution center stores products for relatively lesser periods
compared to a warehouse. So, basically the flow velocity through
the distribution center is much greater than the flow velocity
through a warehouse.
 A distribution center is customer-centric and is the bridge between
a supplier and its customers. While the role of a warehouse is to
store products efficiently, the role of distribution centers is to
efficiently meet customer requirements.
 Typically retail and warehouse orders are shipped from a
distribution center and not a warehouse. Basically a warehouse
 generally doesn’t serve external customers while a distribution
center does.
 The operations at a distribution center is much more complex than
that at a warehouse. As a result, the distribution centers are
equipped with latest technology for order processing, warehouse
management, transportation management etc.
QUS 5- Transportation, the movement of goods and persons from place
to place and the various means by which such movement is
accomplished. The growth of the ability—and the need—to transport
large quantities of goods or numbers of people over long distances at
high speeds in comfort and safety has been an index of civilization and in
particular of technological progress.
What Is Protective Packaging?
Protective packaging is used in a wide variety of different industries
including Automotive, Appliance, Aerospace, Electronics, and
Pharmaceuticals. It refers to the use of various packaging materials to
safeguard and shield a core product from damages during transportation
or storage. In broad terms, protective packaging can be created out of
anything from corrugated paper cartons to the most complex die cut
assembled into a steel rack.
Protective packaging can be used either as a primary packaging or
secondary packaging material depending upon the products’ end-use
application. It can be designed for all types of applications, but the end
goal is the same — for a product to come out of the package looking (and
functioning) the same as when it went in.
QUS - Order processing is the process or work-flow associated with
the picking, packing and delivery of the packed items to a shipping
carrier and is a key element of order fulfillment. Order processing
operations or facilities are commonly called "distribution centers" or
"DC's". There are wide variances in the level of automation associating to
the "pick-pack-and-ship" process, ranging from completely manual and
paper-driven to highly automated and completely mechanized; computer
systems overseeing this process are generally referred to as Warehouse
Management Systems or "WMS".
PROCESS- Order processing is a sequential process involving:[1]
  Picking: consists in taking and collecting articles in a specified
quantity before shipment to satisfy customers' orders.
 Sorting: process that separates items according to destination.
 Pre-consolidation or package formation: includes
weighting, labeling and packing.
 Consolidation: gathering packages into loading units for
transportation, control and bill of lading.
QUS - material handling with special reference to agri
products
Material handling involves short-distance movement within the confines
of a building or between a building and a transportation vehicle.[1] It uses
a wide range of manual, semi-automated, and automated equipment and
includes consideration of the protection, storage, and control of
materials throughout their manufacturing, warehousing, distribution,
consumption, and disposal.[2] Material handling can be used to
create time and place utility through the handling, storage, and control
of waste, as distinct from manufacturing, which creates form utility by
changing the shape, form, and makeup of material.
Material Handling is used to describe all the processes involved in the
movement of agricultural products, either in their raw form, during
processing and in their processed forms.
Material Handling equipment that are mainly used in Agriculture.
Conveyors, Elevators and Cranes/Trucks.