International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology

ICECA 2017

Real Time Embedded System For Accident

Prevention
Ancy John Asst.Prof.Nishanth P.R
Department of Electronics and Communication Department of Electronics and Communication
Saintgits College of Engineering Saintgits College of Engineering
Kottayam, India Kottayam, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—This paper presents autonomous accident Technology” [16] describes about Cruise control system (CC)
prevention with security enabling techniques, speed control and and Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) which have already been
accident detection system .The main objective is to design an developed to avoid accidents. Cruise control system is capable
Atmega328P controller to monitor the zones, which can run on of maintaining pre-defined speed. Adaptive Cruise Control
an embedded system and to automatically locate the site of
(ACC) which keeps the vehicle at pre-defined distance from
accident and alert concerned people. It should be done
automatically as the person involved in the accident may not be the preceding vehicle. But these systems are not able to reduce
in a circumstance to send the information [7].The proposed the vehicle speed automatically if driver doesn’t respond [16].
system is composed of two separate design units: transmitter unit “Alcohol detection and accident prevention of
and receiver unit .Just before the vehicle is in the transmitter vehicle” [17] describes about an alcohol detecting sensor in
zone, the vehicle speed is controlled by receiving the signal from vehicle which senses and detects alcohol gases and sends
the RF transmitter. For this, RF transmitter can be kept at a few messages continuously to the relatives within every five
meters before the zone. Security system includes alcohol sensor, minutes.
eye sensor and smoke sensor. Accident detection system III.BLOCK DIAGRAM
comprises of GPS and GSM in cell phones [13].As collision
occurs, piezoelectric sensor will detect the signal and sends it to A. Transmitter Design
ATmega328P microcontroller [6].Then, the GPS available in the
smart phone will start communicate with the satellite and get the
latitude and longitude values and name of place of accident will
be send to the previously set phone numbers of relatives,
ambulance services etc [5].

Keywords—RF transmitter and receiver,Atmega328P

controller,GPS(Global Positioning System),GSM(Global System for
Mobile Communication),alcohol sensor,eye sensor,smoke sensor. U-turn zone 20 km signboard

I. INTRODUCTION
According to a news report, eighty percentages of road
accidents are caused by human error. Based on the report of
2006 and 2012 statistics, collected from 178 participating
countries, globally over 1.2 million people die in road
accidents every year and 20-25 million people suffer non-fatal School zone 20km sign board
injuries. Pedestrians age above 65 are more than 5 times more
likely to die in accidents than pedestrians age 14 or less, and
the likelihood of death increases steadily for ages in between
.For vehicle which travels at speeds above 45mph,pedestrians
above age 65 die in about 5 of 8 accidents[13]. The main
motive behind this paper is to reduce these reckless accidents
for which we propose a system that controls the speed of the
vehicle without any inconvenience to the driver. There are
College zone 20km signboard
circumstances where the speed of the automobile is beyond
Figure. 1. Transmitter design
the expected speed limit or the driver does not obey traffic
signals. Therefore we are using RF technology. Transmitter module is placed in the specific zone.
Transmitter and receiver both operate at a frequency of 430
II. LITERATURE SURVEY MHz .Transmitter receives data serially and sends the data to
“Review of automatic speed control of vehicle using RFID the receiver continuously [1].Fig. 1 is the transmitter design.

978-1-5090-5686-6/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 645

 International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology
ICECA 2017

B. Receiver Design [Prototype] Module data is transmitted to the android mobile phone. Data
Fig. 2.shows the receiver design prototype. The Radio is transmitted to the RX pin of the mobile phone. Cell phone is
Frequency (RF) module consists of RF transmitter and RF having both GPS and GSM in it. Accidents due to tilt of the
receiver. The RF module has an encoder in transmitter and vehicle can also be detected with accelerometer sensor (tilt
decoder in the receiver. The encoder is used for encoding the meter) [10].adxl_335 is a small, low powered accelerometer
parallel data for transmission while the reception is decoded sensor used for tilt sensing applications [11].Tilt is measured
by decoder in the receiver. The RF receiver is connected with in all directions. For tilt measurement, adxl_335 accelerometer
ATmega328P microcontroller. The RF receiver will be always sensor is used. Output of tilt sensor is given to ADC of the
in listening state, if it receives any signal of same frequency as microcontroller. Plus ten values to ADC or minus ten values to
of receiver, it will automatically indicate the micro controller ADC are set in the program. When tilt sensor is placed a value
which in turn reduces or limits the speed of the vehicle until is normally set and if value exceeds a particular limit, then it
the vehicle leaves that particular zone. Passive tags would not indicates that an accident has occurred. Piezoelectric
be feasible as it has a relatively less range thus we are using transducer, (collision detection sensor) has very high DC
active RF module TWS434 and RWS 434 for the proposed output impedance and can be modeled as a proportional
system. This module has a range of 500 metres and this range voltage source [9]. Piezosensor has high and low voltages
is enough for the real time speed control in roads [13]. only. If an accident has occurred, it will go high and the GPS
becomes active. Value is given to a comparator for comparing.
If value is greater, accident has occurred. If the output
Bluetooth obtained is low, mono stable triggers it, and gets the output as
module high and the accident is detected. If an accident has occurred
GPS value coming to arduino to the Rx.There is a power
supply unit which gives +5V supply.LM7805 voltage
regulator regulates the voltage.
U6
LM7812/TO 12V
J1
1 3 CON17
VIN VOUT

GN D
ATmega328P C9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
C

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
D3

2
J9 +5V

1
1N4007_2 R9 CON1
3
2 +5V J5
U5
1
U4
LM7805 33k

14

15

16
CON3 D6 1 3 HT12D
2 1 VIN VOUT

OSC 2

OSC 1
DIN
C2

GN D
1N4007 C8 CAP
C 18 9
2 VDD VSS

D 11
D 10
D9
D8

VT
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
+5V
J90
CON6
12V

13
12
11
10

17
Smoke

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
J13 +5V

2 5 4
16

1 +5V GND

sensor
8

U7
ST AT E

3 2
VC C 2
VC C 1

CON2 6 1Y 1A 7
RX

EN
TX

11 2Y 2A 10
14 3Y 3A 15 +5V
21

14
15
16
17
18
19
4Y 4A
Fig. 2.Receiver Design
1
2
3

1 +5V

(SS)PB2
(I C P)PB0
(OC 1)PB1

(SC K)PB5
(M OSI )PB3
(M I SO)PB4
AR EF

J14 1,2EN 9
3,4EN
2 2 +5V
L293
1 3 PD0/RXD

From this, the accident in school and college zone will get
GN D
GN D
GN D
GN D

4 PD1/TXD 20 R8
CON2 5 (INT0)PD2 AVCC 7
+5V 6 (INT1)PD3 ATMEGA328P U1 VCC 10 K
LS1
reduced. The three main steps are identifying the accident, (T0)PD4
12
13

11 1 SW12
5
4

(AD C 5)PC 5
(AD C 4)PC 4
(AD C 3)PC 3
(AD C 2)PC 2
(AD C 1)PC 1
(AD C 0)PC 0

1 12 (T1)PD5 RST
13 (AIN0)PD6

locating the position and transmitting the information for help. J6 (AIN1)PD7
XT AL2

XT AL1
AGN D

2 SW PUSHBUTTON
GN D

BUZZER CON4

There are certain parameters that change during accidents R10

1

1
2
3
4

28
27
26
25
24
23

22

10

Q1 2
8

which can be detected using sensors that measure these

BC547

J10 R
3

changing parameters .The position of the accident is located 2

1 3
K1
4
J11
1
+5V

R2
C6
18 pF
18 pF
J7
using Bluetooth module and android mobile phones.GPS data 12V
CON2 1
2
5 2
CON2
R
CON4 C5

as it is freely available with the help of satellites, and this

1
2
3
4

J23
RELAY SPDT U24

information about the location of the vehicle is sent through +5V CON2
3

+5V +5V
R15 NE555
1

1
2

R26R25
Q

Q2 2 R16 8 1
the GSM network to the android phones [1].mit appinventer VCC GND C24
3

BC548 R14 R RESISTOR VAR

R 5
CV
software can be used for data sending to phone.
R J8 4
3

R 2 R
1 C
THR

2 +5V
DIS
TR

CON2
J12
IV. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
1

+5V U26A
2

3
3

2 LM358
8 4
+

1 +5V
Alcohol sensor, eye sensor and smoke sensor are connected
R24 C27

CON3

to the microcontroller. The RF receiver module consists of a R23 R C

1

decoder and a receiver. The Dout pin of encoder transmits the

R
data serially and wireless transmission occurs and receives at
the data pin of receiver which is connected to Din pin of the Fig. 3. Circuit Diagram
HT12D decoder. The serial data is converted into parallel data
and speed of the vehicle is reduced. From ATmega328P
connection goes to the blue tooth module. From Bluetooth

978-1-5090-5686-6/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 646

 International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology
ICECA 2017

V. WORKING OF THE SYSTEM users to drag-and-drop visual objects to create an application

that run on android devices [15].
Whenever a person sits in driver seat of a vehicle, the
system checks for following parameters with the driver. The VII. DESIGN PROCESS
alcohol sensor - checks if the person has consumed alcohol or The RF transmitter is used for the transmission of data at
not.MQ3 sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol concentration the rate of 1 to 10 kbps .It will operate at a frequency range of
from driver’s breath. It has high sensitivity and fast response 430 MHZ. RF transmitter is placed in specific zone and RF
time. It provides an analog output based on alcohol receiver is placed in the vehicle. The RF receiver also works
concentration [2].If a drunk driver tries to sit on a driver seat, with same frequency. The transmitted data which is sent by
then the alcohol sensor MQ3 detects the presence of alcohol RF transmitter is received by the receiver and is validated.
and blow the buzzer and unless the alcoholic person is Piezoelectric sensor (vibration sensor) is connected to the port
replaced by a normal person, the vehicle wouldn’t ignite A, which will provide analog value to the ADC port of
[3].The eye sensor ensures that the person in driver seat does controller[1].
not fall asleep. When the vehicle reaches the zone, it will
reduce the speed. If an accident has occurred, the piezoelectric VIII. IMPLEMENTATION
sensor provides a high value and it indicates the occurrence of
an accident [1].Location of motor cycle is acquired using the
Bluetooth module. It connects wirelessly to mobile phone.
When accident is occurred message will be displayed in the
android phones having GPS and GSM in it.GSM is a globally
accepted standard for digital mobile communication [4].

VI. SOFTWARES USED

Mainly I used three software’s for the implementation of

my project.
A. Arduino IDE
B. OrCAD
C.mit app inventor

A. Arduino IDE
The software consists of a standard programming
language compiler and a boot loader that executes on the
microcontroller, ATmega328P. The Arduino software Fig.4. Hardware result
includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data
to be sent to and from the Arduino Uno board. The Arduino
IX. CONCLUSION
software (Arduino IDE) includes a Wire library to simplify
use of the I2C bus. For Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) This project has been mainly designed in order to avoid
communication, use the SPI bus. accidents. It can be utilized in special areas with sudden sharp
& high curved roads. Accidents are prevented in bridges and
B. OrCAD Ghats sections. Thus speed of the vehicle in school, work
OrCAD is a software tool used for electronic design zones is reduced. Accidents due to over speed, drowsy and
automation (EDA).It is used to create electronic schematics drunken conditions of the driver are prevented. In heavy
and electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit boards. traffic zone, speed is controlled automatically without the
OrCAD PCB designer consists of various automation features interference of the driver. Thus we can reduce alcohol and
for PCB design, board-level analysis and design rule checks drowsy related road accidents [14].Thus we can bring down
[12]. the alarming rate of road accidents. Because of the flexibility
of the embedded system, this system is compatible to any type
C. mit app inventor of vehicle and is affordable to common man [8].
App Inventor for Android was originally provided by
Google and now it is maintained by the Massachusetts ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Institute of Technology. It is an open source web application. I express my sincere gratitude to my guide, Er.Nishanth
It allows us to computer programming to create software P.R, Asst.Prof. Saintgits College of engineering and all other
applications for the android operating system (OS).It allows faculties who give me suggestions to improve my project.

978-1-5090-5686-6/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 647

 International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology
ICECA 2017

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978-1-5090-5686-6/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 648