Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 1

This documentation is
for reference purpose
only and is for those
who have attended the
classroom sessions at
Thinking Machines.
• During your classroom session appropriate theory needs to be written
against each example.

• You are required to bring this book daily for your classroom sessions.

• Some examples won't compile. They have been written to explain some
rules.

• If you try to understand the examples without attending theory sessions

then may god help you.
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 2

S.No. Topic Page

1 C++ - Two techniques of creating objects
2 Encapsulation
3 Polymorphism
4 C++ Inheritance - Visibility mode : public
5 C++ Inheritance - Visibility mode : private
6 Inheritance
7 C++ Multiple Inheritance and problems associated with it
8 C++ Virtual Inheritance
9 Static method
10 Static property
11 C++ - Garbage value
12 Rules of assignment in context to a local variable
13 Local variable as final
14 Method overriding
15 Final method
16 Final class
17 Rules of assignment in context to a Object variable
18 C++ - Assigning value to class member
19 System.out.println
20 Constructors
21 super keyword to invoke base class constructor
22 super keyword to access base class member
23 initializer block
24 static initializer block
25 Object variable as final
26 Class variable as final
27 Java is a strongly typed language
28 Base class reference variable can store reference of a derived class object
29 C++ - Virtual function
30 Virtual Polymorphism
31 abstract method and abstract class
32 Promotion
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 3

S.No. Topic Page

33 Donkey – Monkey Wala Example
34 Object is the super most class in java
35 C++ - Unsafe Code
36 Array is treated as an object
37 Resizing array
38 Array of reference variables
39 String
40 println with Object as parameter and toString method
41 Deep comparison
42 Lexical comparison
43 Exception handling
44 try block with multiple catch blocks
45 nested try catch
46 catch with super class reference variable
47 Creating and throwing custom exceptions
48 Caught – Uncaught Exceptions and throws keyword
49 try – catch - finally
50 Parsing String to int
51 Integer.parseInt
52 Command line arguments
53 Introduction to factory class
54
55
56
57
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 4

Entry Point Function

Example 1
class psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
System.out.print("Hello");
System.out.println("God is");
System.out.println("great");
}
}
(Two techniques of creating objects)
C++
#include<iostream.h>
class Bulb
{
private:
int w;
public:
void setWattage(int e)
{
w=e;
}
int getWattage()
{
return w;
}
};
void main()
{
Bulb b;
b.setWattage(60);
cout<<b.getWattage()<<endl;
Bulb *p;
p=new Bulb;
p->setWattage(60);
cout<<p->getWattage()<<endl;
}
Encapsulation
Example 2
class Bulb
{
private int w;
public void setWattage(int e)
{
if(e>=0 && e<=240)
{
w=e;
}
else
{
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 5

w=0;
}
}
public int getWattage()
{
return w;
}
}
class eg2psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Bulb b;
b=new Bulb();
b.setWattage(-30);
System.out.println("Wattage is "+b.getWattage());
Bulb k;
k=new Bulb();
k.setWattage(100);
System.out.println("Wattage is "+k.getWattage());
Bulb r;
r=null;
System.out.println("Ujjain");
r.setWattage(40);
System.out.println("Indore");
}
}
Example 3
Polymorphism
class Calculator
{
public void add(int e,int f,int g)
{
System.out.println("Total is "+(e+f+g));
}
public void add(int e,int f)
{
System.out.println("Total is "+(e+f));
}
}
class eg3psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Calculator c=new Calculator();
c.add(10,40);
c.add(30,40,50);
}
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 6

Inheritance ( Visibility Mode :public)

C++
#include<iostream.h>
class aaa
{
public:
void sam()
{
cout<<"Hello"<<endl;
}
};
class bbb:public aaa
{
public:
void tom()
{
cout<<"Hi"<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
bbb *b=new bbb;
b->sam();
b->tom();
}
Inheritance ( Visibility Mode:private )
C++
#include<iostream.h>
class aaa
{
public:
void sam()
{
cout<<"Hello"<<endl;
}
};
class bbb:private aaa
{
public:
void tom()
{
cout<<"Hi"<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
bbb *b=new bbb;
b->sam();
b->tom();
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 7

Inheritance
Example 4
class Rectangle
{
private int length;
private int breadth;
public void setLength(int length)
{
this.length=length;
}
public void setBreadth(int breadth)
{
this.breadth=breadth;
}
public int getBreadth()
{
return breadth;
}
public int getLength()
{
return length;
}
}
class Box extends Rectangle
{
private int height;
public void setHeight(int height)
{
this.height=height;
}
public int getHeight()
{
return height;
}
}
class eg4psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Box x=new Box();
x.setLength(10);
x.setBreadth(3);
x.setHeight(4);
System.out.println("Length : "+x.getLength());
System.out.println("Breadth : "+x.getBreadth());
System.out.println("Height : "+x.getHeight());
}
}
Multiple Inheritance and problems associated with it
C++
#include<iostream.h>
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 8

class aaa
{
public:
void sam()
{
cout<<"Hello"<<endl;
}
};
class bbb:public aaa
{
};
class ccc:public aaa
{
};
class ddd:public bbb,public ccc
{
};
void main()
{
ddd *d;
d=new ddd;
d->sam();
}
Virtual Inheritance
C++
#include<iostream.h>
class aaa
{
public:
void sam()
{
cout<<"Hello"<<endl;
}
};
class bbb:virtual public aaa
{
};
class ccc:virtual public aaa
{
};
class ddd:public bbb,public ccc
{
};
void main()
{
ddd *d;
d=new ddd;
d->sam();
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 9

Static Method
Example 5
class aaa
{
public static void sam()
{
System.out.println("I have fixed behaviour");
}
public void tom()
{
System.out.println("I change my behaviour");
}
}
class eg5psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa.sam();
aaa.tom();
aaa a=new aaa();
a.sam();
a.tom();
}
}
Static property
Example 6
class Bulb
{
private int w;
static private int p;
public void setWattage(int e)
{
if(e>=0 && e<=240)
{
w=e;
}
else
{
w=0;
}
}
public int getWattage()
{
return w;
}
public static void setPrice(int e)
{
p=e;
}
public static int getPrice()
{
return p;
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 10

}
}
class eg6psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Bulb b1=new Bulb();
Bulb b2=new Bulb();
b1.setWattage(60);
b1.setPrice(10);
System.out.println("Wattage is "+b1.getWattage());
System.out.println("Price is "+b1.getPrice());
b2.setWattage(100);
b2.setPrice(15);
System.out.println("Wattage is "+b2.getWattage());
System.out.println("Price is "+b2.getPrice());
System.out.println("Wattage is "+b1.getWattage());
System.out.println("Price is "+b1.getPrice());
}
}
Garbage value
C++
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int x;
cout<<x<<endl;
}
Rules of assignment in context to a local variable
Example 7
class eg7psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x;
System.out.println(x);
}
}
Example 8
class eg8psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x;
x=10;
System.out.println(x);
}
}
Example 9
class eg9psp
{
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 11

public static void main(String gg[])

{
int x,y;
y=5;
if(y==5)
{
x=10;
}
System.out.println(x);
}
}
Example 10
class eg10psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x,y;
y=5;
if(y==5)
{
x=10;
}
else
{
x=20;
}
System.out.println(x);
}
}
Local variable as final
Example 11
class eg11psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x;
x=10;
x=11;
System.out.println(x);
}
}
Example 12
class eg12psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
final int x;
x=10;
x=11;
System.out.println(x);
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 12

}
Example 13
class eg13psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
final int x=9;
x=10;
x=11;
System.out.println(x);
}
}
Example 14
class eg14psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int y;
final int x;
y=1;
while(y<=1)
{
x=10;
y++;
}
}
}

Method overriding
Example 15
class Dog
{
public void printName()
{
System.out.println("Tommy");
}
public void bark()
{
System.out.println("Bhow Bhow");
}
}
class GermanShepard extends Dog
{
public void jump()
{
System.out.println("Jump Jump");
}
public void printName()
{
System.out.println("Bruno");
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 13

}
class eg15psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
GermanShepard gs=new GermanShepard();
gs.printName();
gs.bark();
gs.jump();
}
}
final method
Example 16
class Dog
{
public void printName()
{
System.out.println("Tommy");
}
public void bark()
{
System.out.println("Bhow Bhow");
}
}
class GermanShepard extends Dog
{
public void jump()
{
System.out.println("Jump Jump");
}
public void bark()
{
System.out.println("Meow Meow");
}
}
class eg16psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
GermanShepard gs=new GermanShepard();
gs.printName();
gs.bark();
gs.jump();
}
}
Example 17
class Dog
{
public void printName()
{
System.out.println("Tommy");
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 14

final public void bark()

{
System.out.println("Bhow Bhow");
}
}
class GermanShepard extends Dog
{
public void jump()
{
System.out.println("Jump Jump");
}
public void bark()
{
System.out.println("Meow Meow");
}
}
class eg17psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
GermanShepard gs=new GermanShepard();
gs.printName();
gs.bark();
gs.jump();
}
}
final class
Example 18
final class aaa
{
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
}
class eg18psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
bbb b;
b=new bbb();
}
}
Rules of assignment in context to a Object variable
Example 19
class aaa
{
}
class bbb
{
private aaa a;
private long b;
private int c;
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 15

private short d;
private byte e;
private double f;
private float g;
private char h;
private boolean i;
public void sam()
{
System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(b);
System.out.println(c);
System.out.println(d);
System.out.println(e);
System.out.println(f);
System.out.println(g);
System.out.println(h);
System.out.println(i);
}
}
class eg19psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
bbb b=new bbb();
b.sam();
}
}

Rules of assignment in context to a Class variable

Example 20
class aaa
{
}
class bbb
{
static private aaa a;
static private long b;
static private int c;
static private short d;
static private byte e;
static private double f;
static private float g;
static private char h;
static private boolean i;
public void sam()
{
System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(b);
System.out.println(c);
System.out.println(d);
System.out.println(e);
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 16

System.out.println(f);
System.out.println(g);
System.out.println(h);
System.out.println(i);
}
}
class eg20psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
bbb b=new bbb();
b.sam();
}
}
Assigning value to class member
C++
#include<iostream.h>
class aaa
{
private:
int x=10;
};
void main()
{
}
Example 21
class aaa
{
public static int x=20;
}
class eg21psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
System.out.println(aaa.x);
}
}
System.out.println
Example 22
class aaa
{
public void sam(int e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
public void sam(char e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
class bbb
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 17

{
public static aaa a=new aaa();
}
class eg22psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
bbb.a.sam(10);
bbb.a.sam('A');
}
}
Constructors
Example 23
class Bulb
{
private int w;
Bulb()
{
w=60;
}
Bulb(int e)
{
w=e;
}
public int getWattage()
{
return w;
}
public void setWattage(int e)
{
w=e;
}
}
class eg23psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Bulb b1=new Bulb(100);
Bulb b2=new Bulb();
System.out.println(b1.getWattage());
System.out.println(b2.getWattage());
}
}
Example 24
class Bulb
{
private int w;
Bulb(int e)
{
w=e;
}
public int getWattage()
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 18

{
return w;
}
public void setWattage(int e)
{
w=e;
}
}
class eg24psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Bulb b1=new Bulb(100);
Bulb b2=new Bulb();
System.out.println(b1.getWattage());
System.out.println(b2.getWattage());
}
}
Example 25
class aaa
{
private int x;
aaa(int e)
{
x=e;
}
public int getX()
{
return x;
}
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
}
class eg25psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
bbb b=new bbb();
System.out.println(b.getX());
}
}
super keyword to invoke base class constructor
Example 26
class aaa
{
private int x;
aaa(int e)
{
x=e;
}
public int getX()
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 19

{
return x;
}
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
bbb()
{
super(10);
}
}
class eg26psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
bbb b=new bbb();
System.out.println(b.getX());
}
}
Example 27
class aaa
{
private int x;
aaa(int e)
{
x=e;
}
public int getX()
{
return x;
}
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
bbb()
{
System.out.println("Ujjain");
super(10);
}
}
class eg27psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
bbb b=new bbb();
System.out.println(b.getX());
}
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 20

super keyword to access base class member

Example 28
class aaa
{
public void sam()
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}
public void tom()
{
System.out.println("Good");
}
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
public void sam()
{
sam();
System.out.println("Great");
}
}
class eg28psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
bbb b=new bbb();
b.sam();
}
}
Example 29
class aaa
{
public void sam()
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}
public void tom()
{
System.out.println("Good");
}
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
public void sam()
{
super.sam();
System.out.println("Great");
super.sam();
}
}
class eg29psp
{
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 21

public static void main(String gg[])

{
bbb b=new bbb();
b.sam();
}
}
initializer block
Example 30
class aaa
{
aaa()
{
System.out.println("Best");
}
{
System.out.println("Good");
}
{
System.out.println("Better");
}
}
class eg30psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a1,a2;
System.out.println("Ujjain");
a1=new aaa();
System.out.println("Indore");
a2=new aaa();
}
}

static initializer block

Example 31
class aaa
{
static
{
System.out.println("Bad");
}
aaa()
{
System.out.println("Best");
}
{
System.out.println("Good");
}
{
System.out.println("Better");
}
static
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 22

{
System.out.println("Worst");
}
}
class eg31psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a1,a2;
System.out.println("Ujjain");
a1=new aaa();
System.out.println("Indore");
a2=new aaa();
}
}
Object variable as final
Example 32
class aaa
{
private int x;
public void sam()
{
System.out.println(x);
}
}
class eg32psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a=new aaa();
a.sam();
}
}
Example 33
class aaa
{
final private int x;
public void sam()
{
System.out.println(x);
}
}
class eg33psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a=new aaa();
a.sam();
}
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 23

Example 34
class aaa
{
final private int x;
public void sam()
{
x=10;
System.out.println(x);
}
}
class eg34psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a=new aaa();
a.sam();
}
}
Example 35
class aaa
{
final private int x=10;
public void sam()
{
System.out.println(x);
}
}
class eg35psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a=new aaa();
a.sam();
}
}
Example 36
class aaa
{
final private int x;
public void sam()
{
System.out.println(x);
}
aaa()
{
x=20;
}
}
class eg36psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 24

aaa a=new aaa();

a.sam();
}
}
Example 37
class aaa
{
final private int x=10;
public void sam()
{
System.out.println(x);
}
aaa()
{
x=20;
}
}
class eg37psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a=new aaa();
a.sam();
}
}
Example 38
class aaa
{
private int y;
final private int x;
public void sam()
{
System.out.println(x);
}
aaa()
{
x=20;
}
aaa(int e)
{
y=e;
}
}
class eg38psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a=new aaa();
a.sam();
}
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 25

Example 39
class aaa
{
private int y;
final private int x;
public void sam()
{
System.out.println(x);
}
aaa()
{
x=20;
}
aaa(int e)
{
y=e;
x=30;
}
}
class eg39psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a1=new aaa();
a1.sam();
aaa a2=new aaa();
a2.sam();
}
}
Example 40
class aaa
{
private int y;
final private int x;
{
x=50;
}
public void sam()
{
System.out.println(x);
}
aaa()
{
x=20;
}
aaa(int e)
{
y=e;
x=30;
}
}
class eg40psp
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 26

{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a1=new aaa();
a1.sam();
aaa a2=new aaa();
a2.sam();
}
}
Class variable as final
Example 41
class aaa
{
private final static int x;
public static void sam()
{
System.out.println(x);
}
}
class eg41psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa.sam();
}
}
Example 42
class aaa
{
private final static int x;
public static void sam()
{
x=10;
System.out.println(x);
}
}
class eg42psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa.sam();
}
}
Example 43
class aaa
{
private final static int x=10;
public static void sam()
{
System.out.println(x);
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 27

}
class eg43psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa.sam();
}
}
Example 44
class aaa
{
private final static int x;
static
{
x=10;
}
public static void sam()
{
System.out.println(x);
}
}
class eg44psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa.sam();
}
}
Java is a strongly typed language
Example 45
class eg45psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
float e;
e=2.33;
float g;
g=2.33f;
}
}
Example 46
class eg46psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x;
float e=2.35;
x=e;
int y;
y=(int)e;
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 28

}
Example 47
class eg47psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x;
x=(int)true;
}
}
Base class reference variable can store reference of a derived class object
Example 48
class aaa
{
}
class bbb
{
}
class eg48psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a;
a=new bbb();
}
}
Example 49
class aaa
{
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
}
class eg49psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a;
a=new bbb();
}
}
Example 50
class aaa
{
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
}
class eg50psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 29

{
bbb b;
b=new aaa();
}
}
Example 51
class aaa
{
public void sam()
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
public void tom()
{
System.out.println("good");
}
}
class eg51psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a;
a=new bbb();
a.sam();
a.tom();
}
}
Virtual function
C++
#include<iostream.h>
class aaa
{
public:
void sam()
{
cout<<"Hello"<<endl;
}
void tom()
{
}
virtual void john()
{
}
};
class bbb:public aaa
{
public:
void tom()
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 30

{
cout<<"Great"<<endl;
}
void john()
{
cout<<"Good"<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
aaa *p;
p=new bbb();
p->sam();
p->tom();
p->john();
}
Virtual polymorphism
Example 52
class aaa
{
public void sam()
{
System.out.println("Hello");
}
public void tom()
{
}
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
public void tom()
{
System.out.println("good");
}
}
class eg52psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a;
a=new bbb();
a.sam();
a.tom();
}
}
abstract method and abstract class
Example 53
class aaa
{
public void sam()
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 31

Example 54
class aaa
{
public void sam();
}
Example 55
class aaa
{
abstract public void sam();
}
Example 56
abstract class aaa
{
abstract public void sam();
}
Example 57
abstract class aaa
{
abstract public void sam();
public void tom()
{
System.out.println("God is great");
}
}
class eg57psp
{
public static void main(String g[])
{
aaa a;
}
}
Example 58
abstract class aaa
{
abstract public void sam();
}
class eg58psp
{
public static void main(String g[])
{
aaa a;
a=new aaa();
}
}
Example 59
abstract class aaa
{
abstract public void sam();
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 32

public void lion()

{
System.out.println("cool");
}
}
Example 60
abstract class aaa
{
abstract public void sam();
}
abstract class bbb extends aaa
{
public void lion()
{
System.out.println("cool");
}
}
Example 61
abstract class aaa
{
abstract public void sam();
}
class bbb extends aaa
{
public void lion()
{
System.out.println("cool");
}
public void sam()
{
System.out.println("good");
}
}
Promotion
Example 62
class aaa
{
public void sam(long g)
{
System.out.println("long : "+g);
}
public void sam(int g)
{
System.out.println("int : "+g);
}
}
class eg62psp
{
public static void main(String g[])
{
aaa a=new aaa();
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 33

long e=20;
int f=20;
a.sam(e);
a.sam(f);
}
}
Example 63
class aaa
{
public void sam(long g)
{
System.out.println("long : "+g);
}
}
class eg63psp
{
public static void main(String g[])
{
aaa a=new aaa();
long e=20;
int f=20;
a.sam(e);
a.sam(f);
}
}
Example 64
class aaa
{
public void sam(int g)
{
System.out.println("int : "+g);
}
}
class eg64psp
{
public static void main(String g[])
{
aaa a=new aaa();
long e=20;
int f=20;
a.sam(e);
a.sam(f);
}
}
Example 65
class aaa
{
public void sam(int g)
{
System.out.println("int : "+g);
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 34

}
class eg65psp
{
public static void main(String g[])
{
aaa a=new aaa();
long e=20;
int f=20;
a.sam((int)e);
a.sam(f);
}
}
Donkey – Monkey Wala Example
Example 66
abstract class Animal
{
public int getAge()
{
return 10;
}
}
class Donkey extends Animal
{
public int getAge()
{
return 15;
}
}
class Monkey extends Animal
{
public int getage()
{
return 20;
}
}
class Tommy
{
public int getAge()
{
return 50;
}
}
class Lion
{
public void eat(Animal a)
{
int x;
x=a.getAge();
System.out.println(x);
}
}
class Zoo
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 35

{
public static Lion sherKhan=new Lion();
}
class eg66psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Donkey d=new Donkey();
Monkey m=new Monkey();
Tommy t=new Tommy();
Zoo.sherKhan.eat(d);
Zoo.sherKhan.eat(m);
Zoo.sherKhan.eat(t);
}
}
Object is the super most class in java
Example 67
class aaa
{
public void sam()
{
System.out.println("God is great");
}
}
class eg67psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Object j;
j=new aaa();
}
}
Example 68
class aaa
{
public void sam()
{
System.out.println("God is great");
}
}
class eg68psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Object j;
j=new aaa();
j.sam();
}
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 36

Unsafe code
C++
#include<iostream.h>
class aaa
{
public:
void sam()
{
cout<<"Hello"<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
int *x;
x=(int *)500;
*x=50;
int y[5];
y[-3]=200;
y[100]=399;
x=y;
*(x+500)=300;
aaa *a;
a=(aaa *)500;
*a=3432;
}
Array is treated as an object
Example 69
class eg69psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x[];
x=new int[5];
x[0]=30;
x[1]=43;
x[2]=44;
x[4]=39;
int e;
for(e=0;e<x.length;e++)
{
System.out.println(x[e]);
}
}
}
Example 70
class eg70psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x[];
x=new int[3];
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 37

x[0]=30;
x[1]=43;
x[2]=44;
System.out.println("Ujjain");
x[3]=54;
System.out.println("Indore");
x[4]=39;
System.out.println("Goa");
}
}
Resizing array
Example 71
class eg71psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int [] x;
x=new int[3];
x[0]=30;
x[1]=43;
x[2]=44;
int [] t;
t=new int[5];
int e;
for(e=0;e<x.length;e++)
{
t[e]=x[e];
}
x=t;
x[3]=54;
x[4]=39;
for(e=0;e<x.length;e++)
{
System.out.println(x[e]);
}
}
}
Array of reference variables
Example 72
class Bulb
{
private int w;
public void setWattage(int e)
{
w=e;
}
public int getWattage()
{
return w;
}
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 38

class eg72psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Bulb b[];
b=new Bulb[2];
System.out.println("Ujjain");
b[0].setWattage(60);
System.out.println("Indore");
b[1].setWattage(100);
System.out.println("Goa");
System.out.println(b[0].getWattage());
System.out.println(b[1].getWattage());
}
}
Example 73
class Bulb
{
private int w;
public void setWattage(int e)
{
w=e;
}
public int getWattage()
{
return w;
}
}
class eg73psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Bulb b[];
b=new Bulb[2];
b[0]=new Bulb();
b[1]=new Bulb();
b[0].setWattage(60);
b[1].setWattage(100);
System.out.println(b[0].getWattage());
System.out.println(b[1].getWattage());
}
}
String
Example 74
class aaa
{
}
class eg74psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a;
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 39

a="Hello";
}
}
Example 75
class eg75psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
String g;
g="Hello";
String t;
t="Good";
String k;
k="Hello";
if(g==k)
{
System.out.println("Same");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Not Same");
}
String r;
r=new String("Good");
if(t==r)
{
System.out.println("Same");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Not Same");
}
}
}
println with Object as parameter and toString method
Example 76
/*
// strictly not for practical
class PrintStream
{
public void println(long e)
{
// some code to print the value of e
}
public void println(int e)
{
// some code to print the value of e
}
public void println(double e)
{
// some code to print the value of e
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 40

public void println(float e)

{
// some code to print the value of e
}
public void println(char e)
{
// some code to print the value of e
}
public void println(boolean e)
{
// some code to print the value of e
}
public void println(Object e)
{
// through (e) toString() method gets called and
// whatever toString returns, it gets printed
}
}
// Strictly not for practicals
class System
{
final public static PrintStream out=new PrintStream();
}
*/
class aaa
{
public String toString()
{
return "Great";
}
}
class eg76psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a;
a=new aaa();
System.out.println(a);
}
}
Example 77
class aaa
{
}
class eg77psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
aaa a;
a=new aaa();
System.out.println(a);
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 41

}
Example 78
class eg78psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
String g;
g="Hello";
System.out.println(g);
}
}
Deep comparison
Example 79
class eg79psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
String g="Hello";
String t=new String("Hello");
if(g.equals(t)==true)
{
System.out.println("Same");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Not Same");
}
}
}
lexical comparison
Example 80
class eg80psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
String a="AMIT";
String b="BOBBY";
String c="ANURAG";
String d="ANURAG";
System.out.println(a.compareTo(b));
System.out.println(b.compareTo(c));
System.out.println(c.compareTo(d));
}
}
Exception handling
Example 81
class eg81psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x,y,z;
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 42

x=10;
y=0;
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
System.out.println("Neat End");
}
}
Example 82
class eg82psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x,y,z;
x=10;
y=0;
try
{
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{
}
System.out.println("Neat End");
}
}
Example 83
class eg83psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x,y,z;
x=10;
y=0;
try
{
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{
System.out.println("y reset to 1");
y=1;
z=x;
System.out.println(z);
}
System.out.println("Neat End");
}
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 43

try with multiple catch blocks

Example 84
class eg84psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int j[];
j=new int[5];
int x,y,z;
x=20;
y=2;
try
{
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
j[z]=33;
System.out.println(j[z]);
}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException xe)
{
System.out.println("Caught AIOOBE");
}
System.out.println("Neat End");
}
}
Example 85
class aaa
{
public void sam()
{
int x,y,z;
x=10;
y=0;
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
}
}
class eg85psp
{
public static void main(String g[])
{
aaa a=new aaa();
try
{
a.sam();
}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 44

System.out.println("Neat Edit");
}
}
nested try - catch
Example 86
class eg86psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x,y,z;
x=10;
y=0;
int j[];
j=new int[3];
try
{
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
try
{
j[10]=34;
System.out.println(j[10]);
}catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException xe)
{
System.out.println("Caught AIOOBE");
}
}catch(ArithmeticException xe)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
}
}
}
Example 87
class eg87psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x,y,z;
x=10;
y=2;
int j[];
j=new int[3];
try
{
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
try
{
j[10]=34;
System.out.println(j[10]);
}catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException xe)
{
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 45

System.out.println("Caught AIOOBE");
}
System.out.println("Great");
}catch(ArithmeticException xe)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
}
}
}
Example 88
class eg88psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x,y,z;
x=10;
y=2;
int j[];
j=new int[3];
try
{
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
try
{
x=10;
y=0;
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
j[10]=34;
System.out.println(j[10]);
}catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException xe)
{
System.out.println("Caught AIOOBE");
}
System.out.println("Great");
}catch(ArithmeticException xe)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
}
}
}
Example 89
class eg89psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int x,y,z;
x=10;
y=2;
int j[];
j=new int[3];
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 46

try
{
j[40]=30;
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
try
{
System.out.println(z);
j[10]=34;
System.out.println(j[10]);
}catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException xe)
{
System.out.println("Caught AIOOBE");
}
System.out.println("Great");
}catch(ArithmeticException xe)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
}
}
}
catch with super class reference variable
Example 90
class eg90psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
try
{
// some 50 lines of code
}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{

}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException xe)
{

}
catch(Exception e)
{
}
}
}
Example 91
class eg91psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
try
{
// some 50 lines of code
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 47

}catch(Exception ae)
{

}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException xe)
{

}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{
}
}
}
Creating and throwing custom exceptions
Example 92
class FinanceCalculator
{
public int calculateEligibility(int familyMembers,int income)
{
int loanAmount;
loanAmount=(income/familyMembers)*15;
return loanAmount;
}
}
class eg92psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int familyMembers,income,loanAmount;
income=15000;
familyMembers=0;
FinanceCalculator fc=new FinanceCalculator();
try
{
loanAmount=fc.calculateEligibility(familyMembers,income);
System.out.println("Loan Amount "+loanAmount);
}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
// some code to rectify the exception

}
}
}
Example 93
class FinanceCalculator
{
public int calculateEligibility(int familyMembers,int income)
{
int loanAmount;
loanAmount=(income/familyMembers)*15;
return loanAmount;
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 48

}
}
class eg93psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int familyMembers,income,loanAmount;
income=15000;
familyMembers=-3;
FinanceCalculator fc=new FinanceCalculator();
try
{
loanAmount=fc.calculateEligibility(familyMembers,income);
System.out.println("Loan Amount "+loanAmount);
}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
// some code to rectify the exception

}
}
}
Example 94
class FinanceCalculator
{
public int calculateEligibility(int familyMembers,int income)
{
if(familyMembers<0)
{
return -1;
}
int loanAmount;
loanAmount=(income/familyMembers)*15;
return loanAmount;
}
}
class eg94psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int familyMembers,income,loanAmount;
income=15000;
familyMembers=-3;
FinanceCalculator fc=new FinanceCalculator();
try
{
loanAmount=fc.calculateEligibility(familyMembers,income);
if(loanAmount==-1)
{
System.out.println("Family members cannot be negative");
}
else
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 49

{
System.out.println("Loan Amount "+loanAmount);
}
}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
// some code to rectify the exception

}
}
}
Example 95
class NegativeFamilyMembersException
{
private String message;
NegativeFamilyMembersException(String message)
{
this.message=message;
}
public String getMessage()
{
return message;
}
public String toString()
{
return message;
}
}
class FinanceCalculator
{
public int calculateEligibility(int familyMembers,int income)
{
if(familyMembers<0)
{
return -1;
}
int loanAmount;
loanAmount=(income/familyMembers)*15;
return loanAmount;
}
}
class eg95psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int familyMembers,income,loanAmount;
income=15000;
familyMembers=-3;
FinanceCalculator fc=new FinanceCalculator();
try
{
loanAmount=fc.calculateEligibility(familyMembers,income);
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 50

System.out.println("Loan Amount "+loanAmount);

}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
// some code to rectify the exception
}
catch(NegativeFamilyMembersException nfe)
{
System.out.println(nfe);
// some code to rectify the exception
}
}
}

Example 96
class NegativeFamilyMembersException extends RuntimeException
{
private String message;
NegativeFamilyMembersException(String message)
{
this.message=message;
}
public String getMessage()
{
return message;
}
public String toString()
{
return message;
}
}
class FinanceCalculator
{
public int calculateEligibility(int familyMembers,int income)
{
if(familyMembers<0)
{
NegativeFamilyMembersException n;
n=new NegativeFamilyMembersException("Family Members Cannot Be Negative");
throw n;
}
int loanAmount;
loanAmount=(income/familyMembers)*15;
return loanAmount;
}
}
class eg96psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
int familyMembers,income,loanAmount;
income=15000;
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 51

familyMembers=-3;
FinanceCalculator fc=new FinanceCalculator();
try
{
loanAmount=fc.calculateEligibility(familyMembers,income);
System.out.println("Loan Amount "+loanAmount);
}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
// some code to rectify the exception
}
catch(NegativeFamilyMembersException nfe)
{
System.out.println("Caught NFME");
System.out.println(nfe);
// some code to rectify the exception
}
}
}
Caught – Uncaught Exceptions and throws keyword
Example 97
class aaa extends RuntimeException
{
}
class bbb
{
public void sam()
{
// some code to identify problem
aaa a;
a=new aaa();
throw a;
}
}
class eg97psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
bbb b;
b=new bbb();
b.sam();
}
}
Example 98
class aaa extends Exception
{
}
class bbb
{
public void sam()
{
// some code to identify problem
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 52

aaa a;
a=new aaa();
throw a;
}
}
class eg98psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
bbb b;
b=new bbb();
b.sam();
}
}
Example 99
class aaa extends Exception
{
}
class bbb
{
public void sam()
{
// some code to identify problem
aaa a;
a=new aaa();
try
{
throw a;
}catch(aaa x)
{
System.out.println("Caught aaa");
}
}
}
class ccc
{
public void tom()
{
bbb b;
b=new bbb();
b.sam();
}
}
class eg99psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
ccc c;
c=new ccc();
c.tom();
}
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 53

Example 100
class aaa extends Exception
{
}
class bbb
{
public void sam() throws aaa
{
// some code to identify problem
aaa a;
a=new aaa();
throw a;
}
}
class ccc
{
public void tom()
{
bbb b;
try
{
b=new bbb();
b.sam();
}catch(aaa a)
{
System.out.println("Caught aaa");
}
}
}
class eg100psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
ccc c;
c=new ccc();
c.tom();
}
}
Example 101
class aaa extends Exception
{
}
class bbb
{
public void sam() throws aaa
{
// some code to identify problem
aaa a;
a=new aaa();
throw a;
}
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 54

class ccc
{
public void tom() throws aaa
{
bbb b;
b=new bbb();
b.sam();
}
}
class eg101psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
ccc c;
c=new ccc();
try
{
c.tom();
}catch(aaa a)
{
System.out.println("Caught aaa");
}
}
}
Example 102
class aaa extends Exception
{
}
class bbb
{
public void sam() throws aaa
{
// some code to identify problem
aaa a;
a=new aaa();
throw a;
}
}
class ccc
{
public void tom() throws aaa
{
bbb b;
b=new bbb();
b.sam();
}
}
class eg102psp
{
public static void main(String gg[]) throws aaa
{
ccc c;
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 55

c=new ccc();
c.tom();
}
}
try – catch - finally
Example 103
class eg103psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
try
{
int x,y,z;
x=10;
y=0;
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
}
finally
{
System.out.println("Finally exexuted");
}
}
}
Example 104
class eg104psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
try
{
int x,y,z;
x=10;
y=2;
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
}catch(ArithmeticException ae)
{
System.out.println("Caught AE");
}
finally
{
System.out.println("Finally exexuted");
}
}
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 56

Example 105
class eg105psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
try
{
int x,y,z;
x=10;
y=0;
z=x/y;
System.out.println(z);
}
finally
{
System.out.println("Finally exexuted");
}
}
}
Parsing String to int
Example 106
class Converter
{
public static int convertToInt(String data)
{
int x=0;
int y=1;
int z=data.length()-1;
char g;
while(z>=0)
{
g=data.charAt(z);
if(g>=48 && g<=57)
{
x=x+((g-48)*y);
}
else
{
NumberFormatException nfe=new NumberFormatException();
throw nfe;
}
y=y*10;
z--;
}
return x;
}
}
class eg106psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
String a,b;
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 57

a="101";
b="101good";
int x,y;
try
{
x=Converter.convertToInt(a);
System.out.println("Value of x is "+x);
y=Converter.convertToInt(b);
System.out.println("Value of y is "+y);
}catch(NumberFormatException nfe)
{
System.out.println(nfe);
}
}
}
Integer.praseInt
Example 107
class eg107psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
String a,b;
a="101";
b="101good";
int x,y;
try
{
x=Integer.parseInt(a);
System.out.println("Value of x is "+x);
y=Integer.parseInt(b);
System.out.println("Value of y is "+y);
}catch(NumberFormatException nfe)
{
System.out.println(nfe);
}
}
}
Command line arguments
Example 108
class eg108psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
System.out.println(gg.length);
int x;
for(x=0;x<gg.length;x++)
{
System.out.println(gg[x]);
}
}
}
// execution guidelines
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 58

// java eg108psp
// java eg108psp god is great
// java eg108psp ujjain is the "city of gods"
Example 109
class eg109psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
if(gg.length!=2)
{
System.out.println("Usage : java eg109psp num1 num2");
}
else
{
try
{
int sum=Integer.parseInt(gg[0])+Integer.parseInt(gg[1]);
System.out.println("Sum "+sum);
}catch(NumberFormatException nfe)
{
System.out.println(nfe);
}
}
}
}
Introduction to factory class
Example 110
class Bulb
{
private int w;
public void setWattage(int e)
{
w=e;
}
public int getWattage()
{
return w;
}
}
class BulbFactory
{
private BulbFactory()
{
}
public static Bulb prepareBulb(int wattage)
{
Bulb b=null;
if(wattage>=0 && wattage<=240)
{
b=new Bulb();
b.setWattage(60);
}
Thinking Machines – Java – J2EE – (Book One Of Three) Page 59

return b;
}
}
class eg110psp
{
public static void main(String gg[])
{
Bulb k;
k=BulbFactory.prepareBulb(60);
if(k!=null)
{
System.out.println(k.getWattage());
}
}
}