Approach to Accident Intensity Detection, Intensity Reporting

Abstract

Advancement in technology and increasing traffic, road accidents and traffic hazards
have increased, causing more chances of loss of life due to lack of timely help facilities. This
project is an attempt towards finding solutions for timely accident notification. The proposed
project records the parameters of vehicle at regular intervals of time, through a smart device
installed in the vehicle and sends these values onto the Android App, vehicle owner or a third
party. The system will facilitate the users in a number of ways such as notification for
immediate aid in case of accident, tracking the vehicle conditions in cases of accident and
disabling the vehicle remotely and last but not the least, The hardware components include
the smart device installed in the vehicle and a mobile phone for user interaction. The smart
device installed in the vehicle does not interfere with the normal functioning of the vehicle or
cause overheads.

Introduction

In the modern world, long distance travel is made easier and more reliable. You can
reach to any part of the world any time you wish with wide variety of the modern means of
transportation. But the advancement in the technology has very less effect on making your
commute a safer one. Emergencies are not predictable and avoiding them is quite a challenge
too, but with proper aid and quick reach for help can avoid catastrophe. According to
WHO(World Health Organization) the number road traffic injuries is caused an estimated
1.25 million deaths worldwide .That is ,one person killed every 25 seconds and there is one
death every 4 minutes in India. One of the ways to reduce this number is by management of
accident victims .One of the most common causes of road deaths is due to loss of oxygen
supply. This is mostly caused by a blocked airway, which leads to death in less than 4 min.
The first hour after the trauma is called the “golden hour”. If proper first aid is given within
the golden hour the road accidents victims have the greater chances of survival.

The incomplete combustion in the engine of a vehicle leads to emission of different gases
contributing to increase in the pollution and adversely affecting the environment. Detection
and control of these gases is an important area of work. This emission from vehicles cannot
 be completely avoided but, it definitely can be controlled. Now a day’s accidents are a
common reason for deaths. These are critical things to control so here we come up with a
concept to reduce pollution and detect the location of accident and making sure necessary
action is to be taken.The challenges imposed to local PSOs in saving human lives resulting
from vehicles accidents have become a crucial concern due to the huge aforementioned
number of departed people. As far as many injured could lose their lives, and since no on-site
medical assistance has been provided promptly as a result of late accident reporting,
inaccurate geographic location, and lack of injured medical information, the need for
automated and intelligent mobile solution tackling this burden becomes a must.

Block Diagram

LCD
TAGS GPS
(Vehicle,
Driver, RFID
Passenger) GSM
RENESAS

MICROCONTROLLER
Vibration
Buzzer
(Accident)

IR Rx Ultrasonic Switch
pit (press for
accident) Android app
IR Tx(signal)

IR Obstacle Timer Relay LED Street

light
Description

Many embedded systems have substantially different designs according to their

functions and utilities. In this project design, structured modular design concept is adopted
and the system is mainly composed of a single microcontroller, LCD, GPS, GSM,
Flow chart of

Port,Uart,Adc,

Initialization

Scan Rfid for

passenger
,driver

Project infinite
while loop starts

Ultrasonic Pit

Read Adc 0 YES Read Gps Buzzer

(vibration)
On
Accident level

NO
Scan Switch

YES
NO
Send all data

Scan for
nearest
Hospital
Components List

 Renesas 64 pin microcontroller

 GPS

 GSM

 RFID

 LCD

 BUZZER

 ULTRASONIC PIT

 IR Tx

 IR Rx

 IR OBSTACLE

 TIMER

 RELAY

 LED STREETLIGHT

Softwares Used

 Embedded C

 Cube Suite+

 Renesas Flash Programmer

 Android app
Literature survey

Road accident is a major problem our nation is facing today. Study shows that if our eyes are
exposed to bright light source more than1000 lumens even from 20 feet, we experience a
glare, due to over exposure of rods and cones inside our eye. Even after source of glare is
removed, after imaging remains in our eye that creates a blind spot. Also many accidents
occurs on roads having steep turns and curved roads in hilly areas, due to presence of blind
spots, These areas cannot be seen directly by looking forward or by looking through either of
side mirrors. Many reasons causes these blind spots like steep curves in roads, weather
conditions, poor infrastructure, improper street lights etc. which creates problems for driver.
A vehicle with normal headlights sends the light rays tangential to curves; this reduces the
ability of driver to see the blind spots. These blind spots can be eliminated for safe driving
using adaptive headlight system . Many people lost their lives every year in vehicle collision
majorly due to driver’s inability to observe keenly in vehicle’s vicinity while driving and in
traffic condition, while overtaking, sudden braking on turns, loss of control etc. There are
certain research works carried out on anti-collision devices using ad hoc wireless network,
V2V communication, GPS and radar implementation but all focuses on communicating the
driver and later he will take action manually which includes chances of collisions. But we
have developed a system which will not only provide driver a safe warning but also
automatically apply braking system after specific time if any sudden action not taken by
driver. Now-a-days private taxi services have been increased to huge number so it has raised
the question of security especially for women passenger. Recently we have heard lot of news
about such cases specially that happen with Uber taxi few months ago. So for security
purpose of passenger we have devised a system to communicate with nearby vehicles and
sending message.

Problem Definition (Exiting System)

Automatic detection system, manual incident detection methods - detects the accident from
the motorist report, transportation department or public crews report, aerial surveillance or
close circuit camera surveillance. Moreover, there are delays and inaccuracies due to the
expression problem of the witness Conventional built-in automatic accident detection system
- utilizes sensor or the car airbag sensor to detect an accident and GPS to locate the accident
place. Freeway incident detection system by utilizing the car air bag sensor and
accelerometer, GPS to locate the accident place and GSM to send the accident location
A smart phone based accident detection system is proposed by C. Thompson et al. is that the
smart phones are very expensive and due to false alarm filter, it may not detect all accidents.
An acoustic accident detection method is proposed by D. A. Whitney and J. J. Pisano. There
are possibilities of false alarm in the system and also does not guarantee the occurrence of an
accident An accident detection by utilizing an impact sensor and reporting system by
wireless module is proposed by R.K. Megalingam is that a wireless reporting infrastructure
is very expensive and difficult to implement as installation of repeated receivers on the road
at a very short interval are required. Auto Accident App - developed by PlatinumPeak LLC,
is a mobile phone application to offer free, assistance to accident victims. It provides one-
button access to emergency personnel and step-by-step guidance through the information
gathering process to ensure that no critical information or evidence is missed is that it serves
only as a form of manual reporting about the accident after it is being taken place. Hence, it
doesn’t really provide any form of rescue for the passengers.

Proposed System

The proposed method aims to overcome the limitations of above mentioned existing
models.The Vehicle Accident detection and rescue system is successfully implemented using
database Android App and also fulfils all the requirements to be an Android App based
framework. This device is capable of reading and collecting the required data and sends them
securely to the database so as to maximize the effectiveness of the shared resources. The
system involves the mechanism of initially registering a particular vehicle with the
organization which would be assigned a vehicle ID by the organization. And subsequently the
owner of the vehicle along with the other passengers is also registered and assigned a
passenger ID and all their medical details such as age, blood group etc. is recorded by the
organization.

In case an accident takes place and involves that particular vehicle and passenger, the system
tries to communicate the vehicle ID and the passenger ID to the headquarters and
headquarters in turn will communicate all the needed medical information about the
passengers to the nearest hospitals to the accident spot by finding the shortest path using
haversine approximation method to reach the accident spot along with the details of that
particular passenger.
Nowadays, GPS receiver has become an integral part of a vehicle. Besides using in other
purposes, the GPS can also monitor the speed and detect an accident. It can use a very cheap
and popular GSM modem to send the accident location to the concerned headquarters.

Methodology

Block
Diagram

Hardware
testing as per
project

Test Code
preparation for
Peripherals

Logic
Development
as per project

Final Testing of
the project as
per Conditions

Renesas (RL78) is 16 bit architecture, it has 64 I/O pin (R5F100LE). It has 11 I/O
ports, 64kB ROM, 4kB RAM,1 watch dog timer,I2C protocol, 3 UART’s, 10 bit ADC, 8
Timers, on chip debug function, high speed on-chip oscillator .here driver and
passengers have particular rfid tags once passenger enter into the vehicle the
tags will be scanned and all the date will be stored in system .here vibration
sensor and Ultrasonic pit is used ,if there is an minor accident the passenger will
be pressed the switch that time there is no information send to the Android App
suppose if there is an major accident all the information will send to the
Android App that message is sent to the nearest hospitals.

Demo Points

 A prototype module will be developed for the project. It includes individual PCB
boards for all interfaces according to the block diagram. Every PCB will be inter-
connected with jumper wires.

 Using lcd to display the data

 Gsm used to send the accident details and location to the hospitals

 Android App for using to perform the all data

Advantages

 It saves time.

 Manual operation has been reduced to major extent.

 Less man power required.

 Easy to use.
 Efficient and reliable.
 Increases visibility of the driver on curved roads and intersections.
 Response time of driver becomes good.
 Increased safety for drivers, pedestrians and passenger.

Disadvantages

 System failure may occur due to tampering

  System failure may also take place in the absence of power.

Applications

 In Automobiles Four wheeler

 In two wheeler like sports bikes etc.
 Vehicles required for smart city.

Future Scope

For project demo concern, we have developed a prototype module. Future work can
be extended. To make this project as user friendly and durable, we need to make it compact
and cost effective. Going further, most of the units can be embedded along with the controller
on a single board with change in technology, thereby reducing the size of the system.

CONCLUSION

The project is designed using structured modeling and is able to provide the desired results. It
can be successfully implemented as a Real Time system with certain modifications.

Science is discovering or creating major breakthrough in various fields, and hence technology
keeps changing from time to time. Going further, most of the units can be fabricated on a
single along with microcontroller thus making the system compact thereby making the
existing system more effective. To make the system applicable for real time purposes
components with greater range needs to be implemented.

References

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Automatic Accident Detection and Vehicle Management System - 2nd International
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Centre, New Delhi(India), 27 September 2015, www.conferenceworld.in, www.icstmdu.com.

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