ARANYA COMMUNITY HOUSING

PROJECT OVERVIEW

• Aranya, 6 kilometres from Indore, was designed to house a total population of 60,000 in 6500 dwellings, on a net planning area of 85 hectares. The
master plan, prepared by the Vastu-Shilpa Foundation in 1983, is designed around a central spine comprising the business district.
• Six sectors, each with populations of 7000-12,000, lie to the east and west of the spine and are diagonally bisected by linear parks. Ten houses, each
with a courtyard at the back, form a cluster that opens onto a street. Internal streets and squares are paved. Septic tanks are provided for each
group of twenty houses, and electricity and water are available throughout.
• The site plan accommodates and integrates a variety of income groups. The poorest are located in the middle of each of the six sectors, while the
better off obtain plots along the peripheries of each sector and the central spine. Payment schemes, and a series of site and service options, reflect
the financial resources of this mixed community.
• Eighty demonstration houses, designed by architect Balkrishna V. Doshi, display a wide variety of possibilities, ranging from one room shelters to
relatively spacious houses.
• Brick, stone, and concrete are available locally, but owners are free to use any material they choose for house construction and decoration.
• The project won the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, where the jury found Aranya to be an innovative sites-and-services project that is
particularly noteworthy for its effort to integrate families within a range of poor-to-modest incomes.
• Location: Indore, India
• Client: Indore Development Authority
• Architect:Vastu-Shilpa Foundation, Balkrishna V. Doshi
• Size: 862'400 m²
• Completed: 1989
 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMUNITY HOUSING

VITALITY IMAGEABILITY EQUITY EFFICIENCY FEASIBILITY FLEXIBILITY

To support socio-physical Marking identity and Creating a community Optimizing natural materials To ensure development To absorb progressive
aspirations of the increasing sense of of equal qualities and as well as human resources to within given legal laws. growth and change as part
community. belonging amongst opportunities for all the advantage of the user of the natural development
inhabitants. group. process.

GROWTH OF SETTLEMENT ON MACRO LEVEL

 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 1: Plan initially prepared by Indore Development STAGE 2: Initial stage of BV Doshi’s proposed plan
Authority which shows a typical rubber stamping attitude with distributed open spaces and street hierarchies.
without any concern for open space hierarchy, circulation
system, climatic orientation or the built form.

FINAL MASTERPLAN: Essentially a low-rise, high-density development, the built

STAGE 3: Later stage of development with rectified STAGE 4: Proposed master plan with interlinked form represents the traditional fabric with continuous built edges, shared walls,
orientation to minimize heat gain and increase natural open spaces, built form variations, distributed favorable micro climate, variable house forms, and culturally appropriate settings.
shading. amenities, road network hierarchies and climate
friendly orientation.
 FLOOR PLANS

ANALYSIS OF PLANS
 The units are dense, and space is achieved through verticality and opening rooms to one
another without separating them by doors.
 Though the units are attached, this is nit designed as each dwelling has its own entrance
and stairs, giving a sense of belonging and ownership to the dwellers.
 Majority of the spaces are used as private areas, and not all the units have living
area/public place.
 The privacy in the units is minimum since in all units there is no lobby and one enters
directly into the private area.
 No space has been wasted, and maximum use of space is achieved by providing
optimum spacing for circulation. This has been done by minimising the partitions and
doors between the rooms.
ARRANGEMENT OF SPACES

• A house plan included 2 rooms and a living area,

followed by a kitchen and a lavatory which was
constructed between the front extension, with a
multi-use courtyard at the back.
• Most of the houses were provided with an
additional access at the back, which also provided
space for keeping animals, a vehicle or even renting
out a certain part of the house.
• A group of 10 houses comprised of a cluster that
opened into the street. The courtyard at the back
opened into the open space of the cluster and was
used as a play area and service area; trees and
multi-use platforms were added further.
 INCREMENTAL HOUSING: STAGES OF GROWTH

THIS SERIES OF PICTURES SHOWS THE INCREMENTAL GROWTH OF A HOUSE FROM THE PLINTH AND SERVICE CORE, TO A TWO-STOREYED STRUCTURE.

STAGE 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3 STAGE 4

STAGE 5 STAGE 6 STAGE 7 STAGE 8 FINAL STAGE OF INCREMENTAL HOUSING

 TYPOLOGY OF OPEN SPACES

D A
B

A GREENS/PATHWAYS B SERVICE SLOTS

C NODAL POINTS D PUBLIC SQUARES

 MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY

 Conventional and locally available building materials and construction techniques were adopted.
 The CRC roof was always constructed at a later stage because it was a high investment item.
 The black cotton soil of the site necessitated pile foundation even for simple and 2-storeyed buildings.
 Low cost hand made CRC piles were built for the core house (latrine, wash room) and the residents were provided with ready built foundations.
 The doors, windows, and grills were made on site by all of the residents who made it their role.

 Railings, parapets and cornices were made to ornament

the house.
 The structures were constructed with load bearing brick
walls.
 Walls were plastered and painted.
 Floors were made of cement concrete.
 CRITIQUE
The word ‘Aranya’ means ‘forest’ in Hindi. It is an apt name for this incremental mixed-income housing project by Balkrishna Doshi in Indore. It reveals the
architect’s intention that the project should grow slowly, from the bottom up- in terms of economy as well as architecture. ‘The indigenous character of built
form provides a setting for the continuation of the fundamental values of society’. Twenty years after its inception, Aranya provides an ideal site for studying
the effects of recent societal changes in India, as reflected in domestic architecture. The tightness of its spaces forces an extreme condensation and layering
of the local and the remote.
Ironically, the physical infrastructure at Aranya is functioning poorly: residents have to collect water daily from taps in the street; storm drains frequently
back up, and wild pigs are a main form of garbage disposal. Yet the healthy communications infrastructure (within the courtyards) that has developed in these
difficult conditions demonstrates the power of bottom-up development to reveal rapidly changing societal values.
The Aranya project has yielded a rich harvest of affordable housing in habitats that continue to evolve and
grow thirty years after its launch. It features some really attractive parts shaped by individual footprints of
homes that people have invested in. These footprints are framed by the street layouts and boundaries
originally conceived by Doshi. A small 32 x 12 square foot base has evolved into an impressive 900 square
feet house that reaches into the third floor. The economically poorer parts reveal layers of economic
activities all along the narrow streets.
Many of Doshi’s initial intentions and ingenious innovations have not survived the implementation
of the project, yet Aranya has become a lively neighbourhood, where housing is integrated with
economic activities. The population initially targeted by the project was a rather tightly audited,
flat and abstract notion of the poor and needy. They were in many ways already pushed aside by
the government agencies coordinating the project from its very inception and they participated
intensely in speculating on the plots. Subsequently, many plots ended-up in the hands of people
different than those they were initially intended for, but still, the ease with which Aranya mixes
typologies and demographics is striking.
Interestingly, the development was to be cross subsidized
by the sale of larger plots, many of which were bought by
investors who had no intention of building anything on
them, seeing them instead as long-term speculative
investments. The town’s centre was also left undeveloped
as money ran short. Keeping these spaces empty has
dragged down the development of the entire Aranya is in many ways an affirmation of the ideals of
neighbourhood. In contrast smaller plots have been very incremental growth in the area of urban
intensively built on. A part of the neighbourhood where development. It is an encouragement to all those
Doshi has built model houses has largely been taken over involved in the business of affordable housing to
by government servants, who have often entirely rebuilt work with the possibilities of self-development and
the original houses. Other parts have developed slowly infrastructural support rather than the conventions
over time, at the pace at which their owners could save of state (or private sector provided) mass housing
and reinvest. Today, the low income population of Aranya projects.
is a minority, partly because they have been short-
changed in the earlier phase when the plots were being
attributed and partly because many have sold out since
they were allocated the plot through a lottery process.
 REFERENCES

• http://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/aranya-community-housing
• http://www.urbz.net/aranya/
• https://identityhousing.wordpress.com/2009/12/04/balkrishna-doshi-aranya-
low-cost-housing-indore-1983-86/
VIDYADHAR NAGAR
 THE APPROACH

• The principal aim in planning for Vidyadhar Nagar has been to create an
environmentally responsive, vibrant and imageable city which would reflect
flexibility and vigour of the old city of Jaipur as well as the contemporary
socio-economic realities with respect to optimal use of resources-land and
water.
• The project was aimed at integrating the traditional town planning principles
which were based on hierarchical yet symbiotic relationship of man,
community, society, the earth, the sky and the cosmos; with the prevalent
socio-economic conditions and contemporary urban values and lifestyle.
 CONCEPTUAL MASTERPLAN

The approach towards the conceptual masterplan was devised as a sequential and recursive decision making
process taking cognizance of the planning principles of the old city of Jaipur, the emerging issues of energy and
environmental planning and the contextual situation of Vidyadhar nagar in relation to Jaipur urban area.

The masterplan was aimed at achievement of certain goals:

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: An attempt to achieve a basically safe, healthy, aesthetic, and
socially pleasing environment. Resource and energy conservation.
EFFICIENCY: An efficient use of all available resources and the ease and convenience for
activities of government, business and individuals.
IMAGEABLITY: The perception of the image of Vidyadhar nagar as a model town, a tribute to
Vidyadhar (the architect) and a unique identity for both the residents and user visitors.
EQUITY: Increasing the equitability of access to resources generated by planning and ensuring a
basic environmental quality for the disadvantaged groups in their working and living
environments.
FLEXIBILITY:The ease and efficiency with which growth and change can be accommodated.
FEASIBILITY: The desired urban form to recognize the behavioural considerations of both,
people and the public sector, and ensure that it is possible to achieve it within the regulations
and financial and organizational situations in a reasonable timeframe.
 AFFORESTATION-ENERGY
LINKAGES
PLANTATION

• Denudation of forest cover on hill slopes had caused • Vidyadhar nagar is visualised as an integral part of
devastating floods along Amanisha Nallah at Jaipur. In the city of Jaipur. A new link is proposed through
order to ensure safety for the whole city and the extension of Nirwan Marg which would bring Jai
site, afforestation on the hill slopes and fuel-wood Singh’s Jaipur within 3 kms. of Vidyadhar Nagar. With
plantation at the foot of the hill is proposed to be adequate urban design controls, this link would
immediately undertaken. This would help to stabilize enable an extension of the old Jaipur street
the topsoil as well as provide necessary firewood for character along the Nirwan Marg from Chandpole
local inhabitants. gate to Vidyadhar Nagar.
 ACTIVITY SPINE AND PEDESTRIAN NETWORK AND
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS ACTIVITY LOC ATIONS

• Vidyadhar Nagar is designed as a centrally oriented • Within each residential sector, the amenities and
town with a pedestrian activity spine along which all services like schools, health centres, playgrounds etc.
the major commercial and public offices will be will be located along the linear open spaces. With a
located. This activity spine provides accessibility to view to generate intense civic and yet productive
the residents as it is within walking distance from activities, it is proposed to locate craftsman and craft
residential developments. This will save considerable centres which Jaipur is so famous for, along this
time and energy in commutation for daily needs. pedestrian spine. This could also include informal
marketing activities. This would generate an
integration of RESIDENCE - ACTIVITY NEEDS –
LEISURE SPACES.
GROUP MEMBERS
RUCHIKA RAINA
OMKARNATH YADAV
TIRTHRAJ URAWN

FOURTH YEAR - B