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Chapter 7 Sequences

Try these 7.1

(a) un= 4n + 3

u1= 4 + 3 = 7

u2= 4(2) + 3 = 11

u3= 4(3) + 3 = 15

u4= 4(4) + 3 = 19

u5= 4(5) + 3 = 23

u6= 4(6) + 3 = 27

First six terms are: 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27

n
(b) un =
n+2

1 1
=
u1 =
1+ 2 3

2 1
=
u2 =
2+2 2

3
u3 =
5

4 2
u4= =
6 3

5
u5 =
7

6 3
u6= =
8 4

1 1 3 2 5 3
First six terms are: , , , , ,
3 2 5 3 7 4

(−1) n
(c) un =
3(n + 1)

1
u1 = −
6

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 2 of 14

(−1) 2 1
=u2 =
3(2 + 1) 9

(−1)3 1
u3 = = −
3(3 + 1) 12

(−1) 4 1
=u4 =
3(4 + 1) 15

(−1)5 1
u5 = = −
3(5 + 1) 18

(−1)6 1
=u6 =
3(6 + 1) 21

−1 1 −1 1 −1 1
First six terms are: , , , , ,
6 9 12 15 18 21

Try these 7.2

(a) 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, …

Un = 3n + 3

1 1 1 1
(b) , , , ,...
3(7) 5(11) 7(15) 9(19)

1
un =
(2n + 1)(4n + 3)

(c) 3, 9, 27, 81, 243, …

31, 32, 33, 34,…

un = 3 n

Try these 7.3

2n
=
(a) un +1 = , u1 1
un

2
u=
2 = 2
u1

22 4
u3= = = 2
u2 2

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 3 of 14

23 8
u4= = = 4
u3 2

24 16
u=
5 = = 4
u4 4

∴ First five terms are 1, 2, 2, 4, 4

(b) un = 3un −1 − 2, u1 = 4

u2 = 3u1 − 2 = 3(4) − 2 = 10

u3= 3u2 − 2= 3(10) − 2= 28

u4 = 3u3 − 2= 3(28) − 2= 82

u5 = 3u4 − 2= 3(82) − 2= 244

∴ First five terms are: 4, 10, 28, 82, 244

n+2
=
(c) un +1 = , u1 1
3un + 1

1+ 2 3 3
=
u2 = =
3u1 + 1 3 + 1 4

2+2 4 16
=u3 = =
3u2 + 1 3 13
3  +1
4

3+ 2 5 65
=u4 = =
3u3 + 1  16  61
3  +1
 13 

4+2 6 183
=u5 = =
3u4 + 1  65  128
3  +1
 61 

3 16 65 183
∴ First five terms are: 1, , , ,
4 13 61 128

Try these 7.4

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 4 of 14

n
8
(a) un = 1 +  
9
n
8
n → ∞,   → 0
9

∴ lim un =
1
x →∞

Hence the sequence converges to 1

n 2 − 3n + 6
(b) un =
2n 2 + 5

3 6
1− +
lim un = lim n n2 = 1
n →∞ n →∞ 5 2
2+
n
1
Hence the sequence converges to
2

n3
(c) un =
6n 2 + 1

1
=
lim un lim →∞
n →∞ n →∞ 6 1
+
n n3
Hence the sequence diverges

Exercise 7A

1 un = 2n + 1

u1 = 2(1) + 1 = 3

u2 = 2(2) + 1 = 5

u3 = 2(3) + 1 = 7

u4 = 2(4) + 1 = 9

u5 = 2(5) + 1 = 11

Terms are: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11

2 u n = n2 + 3

u1 = (1)2 + 3 = 4

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 5 of 14

u2 = (2)2 + 3 = 7

u3 = (3)2 + 3 = 12

u4 = (4)2 + 3 = 19

u5 = (5)2 + 3 = 28

Terms are: 4, 7, 12, 19, 28

n −1
3 un =
n

1−1
=
u1 = 0
1

2 −1 1
=
u2 =
2 2

3 −1 2
=
u3 =
3 3

4 −1 3
=
u4 =
4 4

5 −1 4
=
u5 =
5 5

1 2 3 4
Terms are: 0, , , ,
2 3 4 5
n
 5
4 un =  
 4

5
u1 =
4
2
 5 25
=
u2 = 
 4  16

3
 5  125
=
u3 =
 4  64
4
 5 625
=
u4 = 
 4 256
5
 5 3125
=
u5 = 
 4  1024

5 25 125 625 3125

Terms are: , , , ,
4 16 64 256 1024

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 6 of 14

5 un = (–1)n (2n –1)

u1 = (–1)1 (2(1) –1) = –1

u2 = (–1)2 (4 –1) = 3

u3 = (–1)3 (6 – 1) = –5

u4 = (–1)4 (8 – 1) = 7

u5 = (–1)5 (10 – 1) = –9

Terms are: –1, 3, –5, 7, –9

2n
6 un =
n

21
=
u1 = 2
1

22
=
u2 = 2
2

23 8
=
u3 =
3 3

24
=
u4 = 4
4

2 5 32
=
u5 =
5 5

8 32
Terms are: 2, 2, , 4,
3 5

n2
7 un =
en

12 1
u=1 =
e1 e

22 4
u=
2 =
e2 e2

32 9
u=
3 =
e3 e3

4 2 16
=
u4 =
e4 e4

52 25
u=
5 =
e5 e5

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 7 of 14

1 4 9 16 25
Terms are: , , , ,
e e2 e3 e4 e5

3n
8 un =
2 +1
n

3(1) 3
u1= = = 1
21 + 1 3

3(2) 6
=u2 =
22 + 1 5

3(3) 9
u= = = 1
23 + 1 9
3

3(4) 12
=u4 =
2 4 + 1 17

3(5) 15
=u5 =
2 5 + 1 33

6 12 15
Terms are: 1, ,1, ,
5 17 33

9 un = ( −1)n + 1 n 3

u1 =
( −1)2 (1)3 =
1

u2 =
( −1)3 (2)3 =
−8

u3 =
( −1)4 (3)3 =
27

u4 =
(−1)5 (4)3 =
− 64

u5 =
( −1)6 (5)3 =
125

Terms are: 1, –8, 27, –64, 125

1 1 1 1
10 , , , ,…
2(1) 2(2) 2(3) 2(4)

1
un =
2n

1
11 un =
2n

1
12 un =
n +1

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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13 un = (–1)n + 1

14 u1 = 1, u2 = –(3), u3 = (5), u4 = –(7)…

un = (2n – 1) (–1)n + 1

1 1 1 1 1
15 , , , , …
4 × 5 7 × 9 10 × 13 13 × 17 16 × 21

1
un =
(3n + 1) (4n + 1)

2 4 8 16
16 , , , ,…
5 25 125 625
1 2 3 4
 2  2  2  2
  ,   ,   ,   , …
5 5 5 5

n
2
un =  
5

17 5 × 8, 7 × 11, 9 × 14, 11 × 17, 13 × 20, …

un = (2n + 3) (3n + 5)

18 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, …

1!, 2!, 3!, 4!, 5!, 6!, …

un = n!

19 8, –16, 32, –64, 128, –256, …

23, –24, 25, –26,–27, –28, …

un = (–)n + 1 2n + 2

20 un = 2 + 4un – 1, u1 = 3

u2 = 2 + 4u1 = 2 + 4(3) = 14

u3 = 2 + 4u2 = 2 + 4(14) = 58

u4 = 2 + 4(u3) = 2 + 4(58) = 234

Terms are: 3, 14, 58, 234

21 un = 4n + 2un – 1, u1 = 1

u2 = 4(2) + 2u1 = 8 + 2 = 10

u3 = 4(3) + 2u2 = 12 + 2(10) = 32

u4 = 4(4) + 2u3 = 16 + 2(32) = 80

Terms are: 1, 10, 32, 80

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 9 of 14

22 un = (un – 1) (un – 2), u1 = 1, u2 = 2

u3 = (u2) (u1) = (1)(2) = 2

u4 = (u3) (u2) = (2)(2) = 4

Terms are: 1, 2, 2, 4

23 un + 1 = un + d, u1 = a

u 2 = u1 + d = a + d

u3 = u2 + d = a + d + d = a + 2d

u4 = u3 + d = a + 2d + d = a + 3d

1
24 un =
− 3un − 1 , u1 =
3

1
u2 =
− 3u1 =
−3   =
−1
3

u3 =− 3u2 =− 3 (−1) =3

u4 =
− 3u3 =
− 3 (3) =
−9

1
Terms are: , −1, 3, − 9
3

25 un = (n – 1) – un – 1, u1 = 5

u2 = (2 – 1) – u1 = 1 – 5 = –4

u3 = (3 – 1) – u2 = 2 – (–4) = 6

u4 = (4 – 1) – u3 = 3 – 6 = –3

Terms are: 5, –4, 6, –3

26 un = 3 + 2 + un −1 , u1 = 1

u2 = 3 + 2 + u1 = 3+ 3= 2 3

u3 = 3 + 2 + u2 = 3 + 2 + 2 3

u4 = 3 + 2 + u3 = 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 3

Terms are: 1, 2 3, 3 + 2 + 2 3, 3, + 4 + 2 3

2un − 1
=
27 un = , u1 2
n+2

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 10 of 14

2u1 2(2)
=
u2 = = 1
2+2 4

2u2 2(1) 2
=
u3 = =
3+ 2 5 5

2
2 
=
2u3
u4 = 5 2
=
4+2 6 15

2 2
Terms are: 2, 1, ,
5 15

3un − 1
=
28 un = , u1 1
2n + 1

3u1 3
=u2 =
2(2) + 1 5

3
3 
=u3
3u2
= = 5 9
2(3) + 1 7 35

 9 
3 
=u4 =
3u3
= 35  3
2(4) + 1 9 35

3 9 3
Terms are: 1, , ,
5 35 35

5un − 1
=
29 un = , u1 4
n2

5u1 5(4)
=
u2 = = 5
22 4

5u2 5(5) 25
=
u3 = =
32 9 9

 25 
5 
=
5u3
u4 =  9=  125
2
4 16 144

25 125
Terms are: 4, 5, ,
9 144

4n + 3
30 un =
2n − 1

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

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4n + 3
lim un = lim
n→∞ n→∞ 2n − 1

3
4+
= lim n
n→∞ 1
2−
n

4
= = 2
2

Converges to 2

 3n − 5 
31 lim un = lim 
n→∞ n → ∞  6n + 7 

 5
3−
 n
= lim 
n→∞ 7
 6 + 
n

3 1
= =
6 2

1
Converges to
2

n 2 + 4n + 1
32 un =
2n2 + 3

 n 2 + 4 n + 1
lim un = lim 
n→∞ n→∞ 2n 2 + 3 

 4 1 
 1 + n + n2 
= lim  
 2 + 32
n→∞

 n 

1
=
2

1
Converges to
2

6n2 + 5
33 un =
n+2

 6n 2 + 5 
lim un = lim  
n→∞ n→∞
 n+2 

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 12 of 14

 5 
 6 + n2 
= lim  
 1 + 22 
n→∞

n n 

→∞

Diverges

n 3 − 3n + 4
34 un =
n2 − n + 6

 n3 − 3n + 4 
lim un = lim  2
n→∞ n→∞  n − n + 6  

 3 4 
 1 − n 2 + n3 
= lim  
 1 − 12 + 63
n→∞

n n n 

→∞

Diverges
n
 2
35 un =  
 3

n
 2
lim un = lim  
n→∞ n → ∞  3

=0

Converges to 0
n
7
36 un = 1 +  
9

  7 n 
=
lim un lim  1 +   
n→∞  
n→∞
 9 
n
 7
= 1 + lim  
n → ∞  9

=1

∴ Converges to 1
2
(ln n)
37 un =
n

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 13 of 14

2
(ln n)
lim un = lim
n→∞ n→∞ n

2/n 2
= =
1 n
=0

Converges to 0

 6n − 1 
38 lim un = lim  
n→∞ n → ∞  5n + 2 
 

 6n − 1 
= lim  
n → ∞ 5n + 2
 

 1
6− n
= lim  
n→∞
 5 + 2

 n

6
=
5

6
Converges to
5

 1 − n3 
39 lim un = lim 
n→∞ n → ∞  2 + 3n 2 


 1 
 3
−1 
= lim  n

n→∞
 2 3
+ 
 n3 n 

→∞

∴ Diverges.

40 un + 1 un= 4(–1)n, u1 = 2

un + 2 un + 1 = 4(–1)n + 1

4(−1)n
un +1 =
un

 4(−1) n 
∴ un +2  =4(−1) n + 1
 n 
u

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 14 of 14

un [ 4 (−1) n + 1 ]
⇒ un + 2 =
4 (−1) n

un + 2 = un(–1) = –un

−4
When n =
1, u2 u1 =−
4( 1)n ⇒ u2 = = −2
2

Since un + 2 = −un

u3 = –u1 = –2

u4 = –u2 = 2

u5 = –u3 = 2

Terms are: 2, –2, –2, 2, 2

3
41 un + 1 =
un − 5

3
u2 =
u1 − 5

3
4u1 =
u1 − 5

4u1 (u1 – 5) = 3

4u12 – 20u1 – 3 = 0

20 ± 400 − 4(4)(−3)
u1 =
2(4)

20 ± 448
=
8

20 ± 8 7
=
8

5
= ± 7
2

Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 7 © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013