Scribd
Upload
28 views2 pages

Module 05

Uploaded by

aakash purohit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views2 pages

Module 05

Uploaded by

aakash purohit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

15ARC5.

3 -2019 MODULE 05

MODULE 5
EXTRA LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEMS
ELV (Extra Low Voltage) is defined as any system operating in a voltage not exceeding 35V AC (or 60V ripple free DC).
Although the term is technically correct from “electrical” point of view, it by no means describes the broad range of
systems and technologies which are known as ELV systems in buildings.
ELV is the terminology used in the construction world in an attempt to electrically define all the systems in a building
which need electricity to run but are not part of the building’s main electrical system. ELV covers all the new modern
technologies that are increasingly becoming must-have systems in every building such as data network, CCTV, fire
alarm systems, public address systems, audio/video solutions, access control and intrusion detection systems, home
automation, and much more.
LAN and WLAN
LAN stands for Local Area Network – also known as SCS (Structured Cabling System). Simply put, it is the data cabling
in the building to enable users to network their computer devices and possibly access to internet.
In a small building, this can be simply CAT6 cabling from an MDF (Master Distribution Frame – i.e. equipment rack)
while in larger infrastructures, you usually see multiple IDFs (Intermediate Distribution Frame) interconnected by
fiber optic cables. (It is interesting to know that while we have no electricity passing fiber optic cables, they are still
categorized as “ELV”!)
WLAN stands for Wireless LAN which is the network of wireless access points that provide wireless network
coverage within and outside the building.
TELEPHONE SYSTEMS
While up to some years ago, analog telephony systems were still commonly used in buildings and were setup by
using multi-pair copper telephone cables connecting the PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange) to telephone
sets, they are now almost totally replaced with VOIP (Voice Over IP) solutions that require no separate cabling and
depend on the building’s LAN infrastructure for the interconnections.
CCTV
CCTV stands for Closed Circuit TV (again a very old acronym which shows the old “electrical” roots of such systems).
Simply put, these are the camera systems setup inside and outside of buildings to provide monitoring surveillance.
Old analog cameras used a separate cabling of coaxial cables connecting each camera directly to the DVR (Digital
Video Recorder). These are also today almost totally replaced with IP Cameras utilizing the common LAN
infrastructure of the building.
ACS
ACS is the abbreviation for Access Control System. ACS systems give access to different building locations (usually
implemented by automatic unlocking of doors) through different means of authentication of people (by magnetic or
RFID identification cards, by finger print, IRIS or face recognition). Almost all new ACS solutions also rely on LAN
infrastructure to some extent, while they also include electrical cabling to magnetic door locks, manual push
buttons, and magnetic sensors installed on the doors and entry gates.
IDS
IDS (Intrusion Detection System) is the common name for a broad range of technologies which as the name suggests,
alerts on any attempt for intrusion to a building or premises. They include long and short range radar systems, fiber
optic cable systems connected to fences, IR motion detectors, CCTV video analyzing software, and many other
technologies.
FIRE ALARM
Fire Alarm Systems (also abbreviated to FA or FAS), can be divided into two main types – conventional and
addressable. Most FA systems still use 2-wire electrical cables for interconnecting of the sensors (smoke, heat,
combined) and beacons/alerts to the control panels. Newer fire alarm solutions also provide LAN connectivity for
integration with other systems.
PAS/PAGA
PAS (Public Address System) or PAGA (Public Address and General Alarm) is the speaker system installed in buildings
for making announcements, playing background music and broadcasting pre-recorded alarm notifications,
sometimes automatically triggered by fire alarm systems. PAS is probably one of the few ELV systems that is still not
much IP based and use twisted-pair electrical cables for connecting the distributed speakers to the power amplifiers.
However most of newer PAS systems have accessories to enable utilizing LAN infrastructure for interconnecting the
main components and provide a distributed design.
SMATV/CATV/IPTV
SMATV (Satellite Master Antenna Television), CATV (Cable Television), and IPTV (IP Television) all explain different
technologies to provide a TV distribution system within a building, interconnecting multiple television sets to a single
source (usually called Head End) so each television can select the desired watching channel from a selection list.
1|Page
15ARC5.3 -2019 MODULE 05

While SMATV and CATV have their separate cabling network based on coaxial (or sometimes fiber) cabling, they are
rapidly being replaced with IPTV solutions which rely on the same LAN infrastructure jointly used by other systems.
HOME AUTOMATION
Home automation systems include a very broad range of technologies for monitoring and controlling almost
everything in the building from lights to doors to home appliances and audio equipment and in short whatever
works with electricity in the building. Most home automation solutions are now network based and give the option
of remotely controlling and monitoring the building over the internet. While in the past, most home automations
were using some remote control device, with advance of technology the means of control is now moved to
smartphone and tablet applications or voice recognition solutions

2|Page

You might also like