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Application of Queuing Theory in Traffic Management System

SATISH AGNIHOTRI,
Research Scholar
J.J.T.University Rajasthan
Abstract

The issues of traffic management are the process of increased disturbance in the movement of traffic.
In India the traffic congestion is rapidly increased due to increasing vehicles on the road which
produces many problems. In the current paper more has been review about the queuing theory and its
important applications. This paper analyzes the importance of queuing theory in the field of traffic
management system for this Bhopal, Indore, Ujjain city which were located in the India is chosen. This
paper review the range of queuing theory results in the area of waiting time, utilization analysis and
design of system the traffic crowd follows a repeatable pattern during the day and the proper people
accepts it as a daily routine.

Keywords:Waiting time, System design, Repeatable, Congestion, Queuing theory.

INTRODUCTION:
Due to continuous rising of vehicles newly applying techniques in the
production system of those vehicles, also increased flexibility of working people etc.
the transportation demand increased continuously and in second case the supply
which means for transportation system including like road. Any transport system of
public. They doesn't follow this trend with time which forms more and more traffic on
the roads results in the increased in congestion due to congestion the travelling time
increase, decreases the flow. Maximize the fuel consumption which show negative
effect on the environment which arises the problems of traffic congestion. It is a
situation on road network which slower speed. Longer trip time and rises the
Vehicular queuing to overcome this traffic management problem the queuing theory
along with its applications are used. It is a mathematical technique which reduces
waiting time of particular queuing theory have been studies for this traffic service
which was helpful for managing traffic flow system. Generally queuing theory works
in three steps which include
1) Statistical interference.
2) The Inertia of the system
3) The system optimising problem
(a) Statistical Interference In this step, the mathematical models are used for
settling the data which was useful for solving the problems of traffic management
system based on Queuing theory and provide the rationalisation of queuing system.
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(b) The Inectia of System:

Namely the probability of regularity of quality of the waiting time of
customer, buying period distribution steady state under statistical equilibrium and
second is the instantaneous state.
(c) The System Optimization Problems :
Its purpose is to make all system produce best result two groups containing the
system design optimization and the system control optimization. The former is known
as static optimization problem which have aim to make the system achieve maximum
benefit or under a newly system applied as called dynamic optimization problem.

SOME ADVERSE EFFECT OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION:

 Due to traffic congestion there was much wastage of time of drivers and
passengers who blocked in traffic which directly affected on economic health of
the nations.
 It also increases the wastage of fuel which increases the air pollution and carbon
dioxide emission.
 Because of traffic congestion the emergency vehicle may delay in reaching to
their destination where they are urgently reached.
 And because of delays they was late arrival their employment meetings and
education which results in loss of business disciplinary actions and other personal
losses.

FLOW CHART OF PREVENTING TRAFFIC CONGESTION

Traffic Flow Measurement

Analysis of Traffic Congestion

Newly Applied Preventive Methods

Evaluation of Applied Methods

Final Result

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DIFFERENT PARAMETERS OF QUEUING SYSTEMS

Mean Arrival Queue Mean Service

Rate discipline rate

Mean Arrival Queue Mean Service Mean Service

Rate discipline rate rate

(a) Mean arrival rate (λ)

It is the rate at which customer arrive at service facility. It is expressed in flow
or a progress in arrival time. If the inter arrival time that is time progression is known
then the arrival rate can be found out from the equation which is started below.

It can be specified as a deterministic distribution or a probabilistic distribution

and sometime demand or inputs are substituted for arrival.
(b) Mean Service Rate (µ)
It is the rate at which customer depart from a transportation facility it is also
expressed in flow or reaching time progression if the inter service time which is
service time progression is know then the service rate can be found out from the given
below equation.

(c) Number of Servers:

The number of Servers that are being utilize should be specified and in the
manner. They work that is they work as parallel servers or a series server has to be
specified.
(d) Queue discipline:
It is the parameter of queuing theory which explains how the customers
arrived at a service facility. There are different types of queue discipline they are as
follows.
1) First in first out (FIFO).
2) First in last out (FILO)
3) Served in random order (SIRO)
4) Priority Scheduling
5) Processor Sharing
(1) First in First out (FIFO)-
If the Customers are served in the order of their arrival, then this is known as
the First come, first served (FCFS) service discipline prepaid taxi queue at airports
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where the tax is engaged on a first come, first served basis is an example of this
discipline.
(2) First in Last out (FILO)-
Sometimes the customers are serviced in the reverse order of their entry so
that the ones who join the last are served first for example let that letters to be typed
or order forms to be processed accumulate in a pile typist or the clerk might process
there letters or order by taking each new task the top of the pile.
Thus a just arriving task would be the next to be serviced provided that no
fresh task arrived for therefore it is picked up similarly the people who join an
elevator first are the last ones to leave it.
(3) Served in Random Order (SIRO)-
Under this rule customers are selected for service at random, irrespective of
their arrivals in the service system. In this every customer in the queue is equally
likely to be selected the time of arrival of the customers is therefore of no relevance in
such a case.
(4) Priority Service-
Under this service the customers are grouped in priority classes on the basis of
some attributes such as service time or any urgency or according to some identifiable
Characteristics in this service FIFO rule is used within each class to provide service
treatment of VIPs in preference to other patients in the hospital is an example of
priority service.
(5) Processor Sharing-
In this system the server is switched between all the queues for a predefined
slice of time in a round robin manner. Each queue head is served for that specific
time. It doesn’t matter. If the service is complete for a customer or not, if not then it
will be served in its next turn. This is wed to avoid the server time killed by customer
for the external activities.
Different Measures of System applied by queuing theory for traffic measurement
the measures of systems are given below.
(1) Utilization factor It is measured in ρ

Ρ=

(2) Probability of exactly different customers in queuing system which contain

waiting along with service. It is denoted by Pn
(3) Average number of customers in queuing systems which is denoted by L or Ls
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(4) Average queue length or number of customers for this Lq notation is used

(5) Expected waiting time in system for each customer.

It is denoted by W or Ws

(6) Waiting time in queue for each customer. It is denoted by Wq.

Result & Discussion:

By using the different parameters stated in this paper on the basis of queuing
theory we represent the traffic flow of traffic in the cities of Bhopal, Ujjain and
Indore.

Location Timing Arrival Service Arrival Service Traffic

rate rate Intensity
Vehicle Min Vehicle Min
Bhopal Morning 24 1.18 31 1.02 22 31 0.6534

Afternoon 23 2.48 18 1.05 10 19 0.5340

Evening 32 1.16 28 1.04 28 29 0.9249

Ujjain Morning 27 2.34 16 1.42 12 11 0.9349

Afternoon 20 1.38 25 1.01 17 23 0.6465

Evening 19 1.32 20 1.00 14 21 0.6097

Indore Morning 18 2.01 15 1.03 8 15 0.5385

Afternoon 28 1.58 26 1.05 19 25 0.6509

Evening 48 8.05 43 1.42 7 30 0.2716

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Graphical Representation of traffic intensity of Bhopal, Ujjain & Indore.

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

- Location - Traffic intensity

Representation of View of traffic situation of Bhopal, Indore and Ujjain

Location Session Arrival Service Traffic Mean no. Mean no. Mean Mean of
rate rate intensity Of Of vehicle time Sport in
vehicle waiting in Spent in the queue
waiting in queue the
the system
system
Λ µ Ρ Ls Lq Ws Wq
Bhopal Morning 22 31 0.6532 1 1 0.0927 0.0612
Afternoon 8 17 0.5340 1 1 0.1372 0.0943
Evening 28 29 0.9249 18 1 0.6892 0.6362
Ujjain Morning 12 13 0.9342 19 17 1.6407 1.5387
Afternoon 14 23 0.6594 2 18 0.1245 0.0683
Evening 13 20 0.6709 1 1 0.1359 0.1052
Indore Morning 8 16 0.5385 1 2 0.1653 0.0962
Afternoon 16 24 0.6095 2 1 0.1232 0.0832
Evening 7 28 0.2167 0 0 0.0414 0.0092

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Graphical Representation of traffic situation

1.5

0.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

- Location - Traffic intensity

Conclusion :

The queuing theory is an effective mathematical technique for solving various

traffic problems of any system as queuing theory focussed on representation of traffic

situation by using various mathematical terms and formulas its application cover a

wide range of present situation including the traffic congestion. City planning and

urban design practices can have a huge impact on level of future traffic congestion.

The present work is based on the actual survey of traffic flow at various times at

different locations of Bhopal, Ujjain and Indore city. The application of the queuing

theory is exploited to minimized the traffic congestion at a particular time.

By this work we find out different steps to avoid the congestion.

(1) The traffic can be reduced by increasing road capacity.

(2) We can provide separate lane for specific user group.

(3) Variable massage sign can be installed along the roadway to avoid road

users.
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(4) By increasing width of channel of congested route.

(5) Applying parking restrictions for the motor vehicle.

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