Vocabulary Terms Constantly-consistently

Absolute-definite Fixated-pre-occupied

Abstract-intangible Abound-abundant

Portrayal-depiction Vision-goal

Adopt-to take Gear-address

Perspective-outlook Research is a process of executing

various mental acts for discovering and
Impetus-driving force examining facts and information to
Stems-result from prove the accuracy or truthfulness of
claims.
Perplexed-uncertain/doubtful
Importance of Research
Conundrum-riddle
1. A tool for building knowledge
Intense-deep and efficient learning
2. Means to understand various
Alignment-relative position
issues
Conclusive-permanent decision 3. An aid to business success
4. A way to prove lies and to
Preceding-coming before support truths
5. Means to find, gauge, and seize
Ultimate-final
opportunities.
Objective-factual
Purposes of Research
Yielded-attained
1. To learn how to work
Actual-legitimate independently
2. To learn how to work scientifically
Ethical-correct or systematically
3. To have an in-depth knowledge
Indispensable-essential
of something
Dichotomy-difference 4. To elevate your mental abilities
by letting you think in higher-
Symbiotic-related order thinking strategies (HOTS) of
inferring, evaluating, synthesizing,
Deduced-realized
appreciating, applying, and
Premium-prioritize creating

Emanating-result
 5. To free yourself, to a certain Three Basic Research Approach
extent, from the domination or
strong influence of a single 1. Scientific (Quantitative)
 Measurable & observable
textbook or of the professor’s
lone viewpoint or spoon feeding facts
 Hard sciences/STEM
Characteristics of Research (ACTORS) 2. Naturalistic (Qualitative)
 People-oriented
1. Accuracy. It must give correct or
 Data represent personal views
accurate data  Subjective
2. Clarity. It must succeed in  Soft sciences
expressing its central point or
3. Triangulation (Both)
discoveries by using simple,  Using techniques from both
direct, and concise language approaches
3. Timeliness. Topic that is fresh,
new, and interesting Characteristics of Qualitative Research
4. Objectiveness. It must deal with
facts, not with mere opinions 1. Human understanding and
interpretation
arising from assumptions
5. Relevance. Instrument in 2. Active, powerful, and forceful
3. Multiple research approaches
improving society
6. Systematic. Organized or orderly and methods
4. Specificity to generalization
manner
5. Contextualization
Research Ethics 6. Diversified data in real-life
situations
 No to Plagiarism 7. Abounds with words and visuals
 Follow informed consent rules
8. Internal analysis
 Be respectful of privacy
Types of Qualitative Research
Research Process
1. Case study – why something is
1. Identify the problem happening to someone? (social
2. Research design care, nursing, psychology,
3. Sampling
rehabilitation centers, education,
4. Data gathering etc.)
5. Data presenting & analysis 2. Ethnography – study of cultural
6. Conclusions & Report group
7. Discovery & Definition
3. Phenomenology – how people
find experiences meaningful
4. Context & Discourse Analysis –
collect essays from prod. and
analyze
 5. Historical Analysis – history being and on the manner human
6. Grounded Theory – deriving beings conduct themselves on
theory based on your study earth.
3. Historical Research. where the
Strengths of Qualitative Research
investigation centers on events
1. Adopts a naturalistic approach and ideas that took place in
to its subject matter man’s life at a particular period.
2. Promotes a full understanding of
Qualitative Research
human behavior/personal traits
3. Instrumental to positive societal  Non-numerical data (words=unit)
change  Reductionist nature (how
4. Engenders respect for people’s researchers see)
individuality  Natural setting (Direct source of
5. Way of understanding & data)
interpreting social actions  Subjective
6. Increase the researcher’s interest  Researcher – Key Instrument
in the study  Inductive reasoning (specific to
7. Offers multiple ways of acquiring general)
& examining knowledge
Steps in Qualitative Research
Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
1. Identification of phenomenon to
1. Involves a lot of researcher’s be studied
subjectivity in data analysis 2. Identification of participants in
2. Hard to know the validity the study
3. Open-ended questions yielded 3. Generation of hypothesis
data 4. Data Collection
4. Time consuming 5. Data Analysis
5. Involves several processes 6. Interpretation

Humanistic categories Methods in Qualitative Research

1. Literature and Art Criticism. where 1. Interview (individual/focus group)

the researchers, using well- 2. Observation
chosen language and (individual/groups/location)
appropriate organizational 3. Document analysis (content
pattern, depend greatly on their analysis)
interpretative and reflective
thinking in evaluating the object Quantitative Research
of their study critically.  Measurable variables
2. Philosophical Research. where (numbers=unit)
the focus of inquiry is on  Numerical, statistical
knowledge and principles of
 Empirical evidence
 Objective
 Deductive reasoning (general to
specific)

Variables are measured by:

1. Surveys
2. Tests
3. Questionnaires
4. Checklists
5. Structured observation

Types of Research based on

application of research method

1. Applied – intention is to apply

chosen research to societal
problems
2. Pure – deals with concepts &
principles
3. Explanatory – explains not just the
reasons behind the relationship of
two factors but also the ways in
which the relationships exist
4. Exploratory – purpose is to find
out how reasonable or possible it
is to conduct a research study
5. Descriptive – aims at
defining/giving a verbal
portrayal/picture of a person,
thing, event