FERNANDEZ, Allexandria Marie F.

January 17, 2020

OBTEC I-16 2PROFED01

Topic Discussion Number 17

Historical Foundations of Education: The Philippine Educational System
NEW SOCIETY

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Introduction from First Republic to New Society in the Philippines

 Quick discussion on the transition from the First Republic to the New Society
that happened in the Philippines.
B. Introduction of the Educational system in the New Society headed by the Late President
Ferdinand Marcos
 Highlight efforts by the regime to synchronize education reform with
economic strategy.
 Belief that the economic and social survival of development of the nation was
dependent on education (Clarke 1977, p.61)

II. AIM/S OF EDUCATION

The following aims to guarantee that the Educational System would be relevant and
responsive to the challenges and requirements of national, provincial, and local
development.

1. Moral Values
2. Proper Methods of Teaching
3. Retraining of Teachers
4. Vocational and Technical Education
5. Bilingualism
6. National Consciousness and Cultural Values

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III. CONTENT OF EDUCATION

A. Areas
 Promoting Filipino Migrant Workers as National Heroes: “Lesson themes on
‘working abroad’ began to feature in textbooks such as the widely used Grade 6
text Araling Panlipunan – Pambansang Kaunlaran (Social Studies-National
Development) (MEC, 1980a). A utopian vision for Bagong Lipunan (the New
Society) is discussed therein, highlighting how the state is actively addressing
employment issues facing ordinary labourers, through measures that include
scouting overseas work opportunities.”
 Loan-Funded Education Development Projects as result of the Presidential
Commission to Survey Philippine Education (PCSPE)
 Expansion of Technical-Vocational Education

B. Subject Matter
 Elementary Education:
 Integration of values in all learning areas
 Emphasis is mastery learning
 Maintain quality education
 Voluntary Accreditation
 Secondary Education
 Increase in time allotment
 YDT and CAT introduced as new courses
 Effective offerings as part of the curriculum

IV. TYPE OF EDUCATION

Public and Private Institutions

A. Elementary Education
B. Secondary Education
C. Tertiary Education

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 V. AGENCIES OF THE ORGANIZATIONS

A. Department of Education and Culture by Proclamation 1081

B. Ministry of Education and Culture in 1978
C. Public Schools
D. Private Schools (Catholic Schools)
E. University of the Philippines, Los Baños with Agricultural courses

VI. LEVELS/ORGANIZATIONS

The reorganization of the educational system by virtue of Presidential Decree 6 in 1972 resulted
in the creation of the 13 administrative regions and the expansion of the National Manpower
Youth Council (NMYC) to address the need for middle-level skills development or labour
institutions, four science educational centers, and the upgrading of 11 agricultural schools to
improve farming programs (Marcos, 1976).

VII. LAW/S

Proclamation No. 1081 Decree No. 6 (Educational Development Decree of 1972) –issued
September 29, 1972

 Make schools responsive to the needs of the New Society

 Provide broad general education that will assist each individual in his development as a
whole human being useful to his fellowmen and to his country.
 To train the nation’s manpower in middle level skills required for national development.
 Develop high-level professions that will provide leadership for the nation and advance
knowledge through research.
 Respond affectively to the changing needs and conditions of the nations through a system
of educational planning and evaluation.


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 This decree has a ten-year program based on:
1. Improvement of curricular programs and quality of instruction at all levels by upgrading
physical facilities
2. Adopting cost-saving instructional technology and training
3. Upgrading academic standards through accreditation schemed, admissions testing and
guidance counselling
4. Democratization of access to education by financial assistance to poor but deserving
students
5. Skills training programs for out of school youth and a continuing educational program for
illiterate adults

VIII. EFFECTS

 Each book bore an introductory message under the signature of the President.
Practically all subject areas (except for Mathematics and Science) featured themes
explicitly related to nation building, civics, citizenship and the New Society.
 Education – and hence school textbooks – became a way to introduce the
Marcoses. A 1980 Grade 4 Communication Arts (Filipino) textbook featured
Imelda Marcos as huwarang Filipino (model Filipino) and portrayed her as Ina ng
Bayan (Mother of the Nation), also mandating the study of a poem (tula) where
she is further compared to the mythical Queen Esther of Persia (MEC 1980b, p.
112). During this period, schooling was the most potent platform for political
socialization of most Filipinos. With resources available in schools severely
limited, the textbook often formed the principal (or only) source of lesson content
for both teachers and students (Hornedo, et. al. 2000; see Doronila, 1989: Segovia
1997; Constantino, 1982 for more detailed content analysis of Marcos/martial law
era textbooks). Although New Society messages also permeated the modern mass
media (radio, television and cinema), most rural inhabitants lacked electricity.
Textbooks were rivaled in terms of reach and coverage only by comics, which the
regime also harnessed and utilized extensively for propaganda purposes (San
Juan, 1978).

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IX. PROPONENT/S

The educational system from 1972 to 1986 was by the late President Ferdinand E. Marcos under
the 1973 Constitution, the establishment of the ‘New Society’ or ‘Bagong Lipunan’. He is a
Philippine Lawyer and politician and was the head of state from 1966 to 1986.

References:

 Curriculum Development in the Philippines in New Society. (2013, October 20). Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/shareljuan/curriculum-development-in-the-philippines-in-new-
society?fbclid=IwAR02wMhMpOWNRyaBGa9eTvRKBthcgqQPH4qkSeigQG2CRa8spWFseu
KEqms
 Martinez, A. A. (2016, September 21). Education During The New Society. Retrieved from
https://prezi.com/fwfxxfukgxps/education-during-the-new-
society/?fbclid=IwAR3t1naZouT1vo6wF2yPFAgG2a_UG-
MH2BwSuUAUtorWUg4AejeodxhVISM
 Maca, M. 2018. Education in the ‘New Society’ and the Philippine Labour Export Policy (1972-
1986). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324840037

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