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Performance and Benefits of Pumps

This document summarizes an experiment on the performance and benefits of pumps operating in series and parallel. Key findings include: 1) Total head and discharge were directly proportional for Pump 1 but slightly different for Pump 2. Power input and discharge were also directly proportional for both pumps. 2) Efficiency and discharge were inversely proportional for both pumps and all arrangements. Parallel operation had higher efficiency than series operation. 3) Series pumps are best for low flow rates due to increased pressure, while parallel pumps achieve high efficiency at a certain flow rate but lower pressure at high flows. Adding parallel pumps increases efficiency over a single parallel pump.

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Kirstie Cruzada
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
248 views16 pages

Performance and Benefits of Pumps

This document summarizes an experiment on the performance and benefits of pumps operating in series and parallel. Key findings include: 1) Total head and discharge were directly proportional for Pump 1 but slightly different for Pump 2. Power input and discharge were also directly proportional for both pumps. 2) Efficiency and discharge were inversely proportional for both pumps and all arrangements. Parallel operation had higher efficiency than series operation. 3) Series pumps are best for low flow rates due to increased pressure, while parallel pumps achieve high efficiency at a certain flow rate but lower pressure at high flows. Adding parallel pumps increases efficiency over a single parallel pump.

Uploaded by

Kirstie Cruzada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Adamson University

College Of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
2nd Semester 2019-2020

Unit Operations Lab 1


Performance and Benefits of Pumps in Series/Parallel Operations

Submitted by:
Group 5
Astilla, Gabriel Paolo
Cruzada, Kirstie
De Padua, Princess Faye
Domingo, Maureen
Orillosa, Ellaine Joy
Reyes, Gerica May
Septimo, Maria Andrea

Submitted to:
Engr. Pinky Joy Aninipot Janaban

1
ABSTRACT

The performance and benefits of pumps in series and parallel operations were conducted in the
experiment. The determination of pressures, power inputs, power outputs, and efficiency are the
mainly needed data and calculations to be able to plot the particular graphs.

Priming the system by manipulation of the valves is the first thing to do and making sure the
pressure lines are filled with water not air. When the motor control is turned on in a certain
rotational speed, it is balanced with weights to read the measurements of each pump and the
arrangements of the pumps. This is done for another two more rotational speeds.

The results of the experiment were direct proportionality between the total head and discharge
for the pump no. 1 and a slightly difference for the pump no. 2. Also the power input and
discharge of the two pumps were directly proportional to each other. However, an inversely
proportionality can be observed between the efficiency and discharge of the two pumps and its
different arrangements. The efficiency of the pump in the parallel operation is greater than in
series operation.

2
OBJECTIVES

To examine the performance and benefits of single pump and pumps connected in series
and in parallel operations.

I. INTRODUCTION

Centrifugal pumps are often used together to enhance either the flow rate or the delivery
pressure beyond that available from the single pump. For some piping system designs, it may be
desirable to consider a multiple pump system to meet the design requirements. Two typical
options include parallel and series configurations of pumps which require a specific performance
criteria. In serial operation the heads of the pumps are added and in parallel operation the flow
rates (capacities) of the pumps are added.

A series operation is one where two, or more, pumps are piped such that one pump
discharges into the suction of the next pump in the series, and so on. The flow rate in the system
is the same as the flow rate of each pump in the series but its total head is the total of the heads
of the individual pumps which could be different from each other. Pumps in series do not need to
have stable or continuously rising curve to shut-off.

A parallel operation is one where two, or more, pumps are connected such that the pumps
take their suction flow from a common source and discharge into a common header or tank. The
total flow rate in the system is the total of the flow rates of the individual pumps which can be
different from each other. Pumps in parallel should have stable or continuously rising curve to
shut-off.

In this experiment, the Series-Parallel Test Rig was used to observe such phenomena.

3
II. THEORY

The required performance in producing is insufficient for a single pump. To increase the
capacity of the pump of the system, pumps must be combined. In order for the water to pass first
through one pump then the second is to connect two pumps in series. For a single pump, its flow
rate is equal when two pumps operate in series but its total head is increased. By adding the
heads of the single pump curves in the same capacity, the head capacity curve in combined
pumps is found.

III. MATERIALS & SET – UP

Materials

 Series/Parallel Pump Test Rig


 Adjustable Counterweight

Set-Up
Series Pump

4
Parallel Pump

5
IV. PROCEDURE

1. Prime the system by opening all valves except the flow-regulating valve and filling with
water through the filling plug. It is particularly important to ensure that the lines
connecting the pressure tapping to the pressure gauges are filled with water, since an air
column will result in false indication of pressure head at the tapping due to the height of
the gauge above the tapping point.
2. Balance the motor stator using the adjustable counter weight.
3. Adjust the water level in the approach channel to the “V” notch so that it is exactly level
with the apex, taking account of the surface tension effect.
4. Zero the point gauge in the stilling well.
5. Set the speed controller to zero.
6. With the regulating valve closed, select the suction and delivery valves appropriate to the
test under consideration, i.e. single pump operation, parallel or series pump operation.
7. Note the initial readings on the two relevant pressure gauges.
8. Run up the motor to the chosen speed (e.g. 2900 rev/min).
9. With the regulating valve closed, again, note the pressure gauge readings. Open this valve
in intervals such that regulator increments of discharge are attained; the calibrated
manometer connected to the orifice plate may be used to establish the valve positions.
10. At each interval, after adjusting the speed controller as necessary to maintain the chosen
speed, note the pressure gauge readings and the head over the crest of the “V” notch in
the stilling well. Since the “V” notch responds slowly to changes in discharge, allow
sufficient time for the level in the stilling well to become steady before a reading is taken.
11. Apply weights to the torque arm until this is again balanced and note the total weight
applied.
12. Repeat this procedure for two other rotational speeds and for each of the other pump
arrangements.

6
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The data was gathered to compute the needed values for the graphs of Performance
Curves, Efficiency vs. Discharge, and Power Curves. As can be seen in each graph, there are
significant trends that can be observed with relation to certain speeds.

Performance Curves
2.5

1.5
Total Head
(m●H2O) Pump No. 1
1
Pump No. 2

0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Discharge (L/s)

For the graph above, Total Head values were computed by subtracting the values
gathered in delivery head to suction head. In the Pump No. 1, as the discharge increases, the total
head increases then slightly decreases as can be seen in the points in the graph. While in Pump
No. 2, as the discharge increases, the total head also increases. The discharge and total head of
the Pump No.2 is directly proportional to each other.

7
Efficiency vs. Discharge
70

60

50

40 Pump No. 1
Efficiency (%)
30 Pump No. 2
Series
20
Parallel
10

0
0 1 2 3 4
Discharge (L/s)

For the efficiency vs. discharge graph, the graphs of Pump No.1, Pump No. 2, and Series
are inversely proportional to each other. While for the Parallel graph, as the discharge increases
the efficiency also increases and decreases afterwards.

Power Curves
700

600

500

400
Power Input (W)
300 Pump No. 1
Pump No. 2
200

100

0
0 1 2 3 4
Discharge (L/s)

8
For the graph above, the discharge is directly proportional to the power input for the two
pumps. The higher the input power, the discharging capability of the pump will be higher as
well. Thus, having a good source of power can be produced greater yields.

VI. CONCLUSION

From the efficiency graph, it is seen that the series pump decreases efficiency as the flow
rate increases, which gives the concept of that series are best suitable for low flow rates or rather
requires flow rates only due to increasing pressure as the flow passes through pumps. On the
other hand, the parallel pump achieves a high efficiency on a certain flow rate, and beyond it
gives lower efficiency. However, a parallel pump gives a low pressure on a high flow rates.
Addition of parallel pumps gives higher efficiency than a single parallel pump, thus giving the
industry a wide range of operating conditions meeting variable flow needs.

In light of this, for an industry who only achieves a certain flow rate with high efficiency
and low cost, it is best suitable for them to use series pumps. However, if the industry needs a
varying flow rates, parallel pumps are best suit for them, though it may give them a high cost for
the additional of pumps.

VI. REFERENCES

http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/mymousa/files/Experiment-10-4-hydraulics-lab-2.pdf

centrifugalpump.org/pump_parallel_series.html

https://www.scribd.com/doc/122290582/Series-and-Parallel-Pumps

https://blog.craneengineering.net/operating-centrifugal-pumps-in-series-or-parallel

9
APPENDIX

Appendix A: Experimental Data

Test at 1000 rev/min


Pump "V Notch Head"(mm) Discharge (L/min) Suction Head (m) Delivery Head (m) Torque Mass (g)
41.50 90.00 1.25 -0.50 750.00
41.50 90.00 1.25 -0.50 750.00
No. 1 41.00 90.00 1.25 -0.50 750.00
40.00 90.00 1.25 -0.50 750.00
40.00 90.00 1.24 -0.50 750.00
46.50 106.00 -1.00 -0.50 800.00
46.50 106.00 -1.00 0.00 800.00
No. 2 45.00 106.00 -0.90 0.00 800.00
45.00 102.00 -0.90 0.00 800.00
45.00 102.00 -0.90 0.00 800.00
Suction Head (m) Delivery Head (m)
Arrangement "V Notch Head"(mm) Discharge (L/min) Torque Mass (g)
P1 P2 P1 P2
42.00 90.00 1.50 0.00 -0.50 -1.50 1450.00
42.00 90.00 1.50 0.00 -0.50 -1.50 1450.00
Series 41.00 90.00 1.50 0.00 -0.50 -1.50 1450.00
41.00 90.00 1.45 0.00 -0.50 -1.50 1450.00
41.00 90.00 1.45 0.00 -0.50 -1.50 1450.00
45.50 110.00 1.00 0.00 0.50 -1.50 550.00
45.50 110.00 1.00 0.00 0.50 -1.50 550.00
Parallel 44.00 110.00 1.00 0.00 0.50 -1.50 550.00
44.00 110.00 1.00 0.00 0.50 -1.50 550.00
44.00 105.00 1.00 0.00 0.50 -1.50 550.00

10
Test at 1450 rev/min
Pump "V Notch Head"(mm) Discharge (L/min) Suction Head (m) Delivery Head (m) Torque Mass (g)
52.00 140.00 2.00 0.00 1600.00
51.00 140.00 2.00 0.00 1600.00
No. 1 50.00 140.00 2.00 0.00 1600.00
50.00 140.00 2.00 0.00 1600.00
50.00 140.00 2.00 0.00 1600.00
55.70 138.00 -1.25 0.00 1710.00
56.50 138.00 -1.25 0.00 1710.00
No. 2 55.50 138.00 -1.30 0.00 1710.00
55.50 140.00 -1.30 0.00 1710.00
55.00 140.00 -1.35 0.00 1710.00
Suction Head (m) Delivery Head (m)
Arrangement "V Notch Head"(mm) Discharge (L/min) Torque Mass (g)
P1 P2 P1 P2
52.00 142.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 -2.00 1600.00
52.00 142.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 -2.00 1600.00
Series 52.00 142.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 -2.00 1600.00
53.50 142.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 -2.00 1600.00
53.50 142.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 -2.00 1600.00
57.00 160.00 1.25 2.00 2.00 -1.50 1050.00
58.00 160.00 1.25 2.00 2.00 -1.50 1050.00
Parallel 58.00 160.00 1.25 2.00 2.00 -1.75 1050.00
58.00 160.00 1.25 2.00 2.00 -1.75 1050.00
58.00 160.00 1.25 2.00 2.00 -1.75 1050.00

11
Test at 1900 rev/min
Pump "V Notch Head"(mm) Discharge (L/min) Suction Head (m) Delivery Head (m) Torque Mass (g)
60.50 180.00 2.75 0.75 2450.00
60.50 180.00 2.75 0.75 2450.00
No. 1 61.00 180.00 2.75 0.75 2450.00
61.00 180.00 2.74 0.75 2450.00
61.50 180.00 2.74 0.75 2450.00
64.25 172.00 -1.80 0.51 2500.00
64.50 172.00 -1.80 0.52 2500.00
No. 2 64.50 172.00 -1.75 0.53 2500.00
65.00 170.00 -1.75 0.53 2500.00
65.00 170.00 -1.70 0.53 2500.00
Suction Head (m) Delivery Head (m)
Arrangement "V Notch Head"(mm) Discharge (L/min) Torque Mass (g)
P1 P2 P1 P2
60.00 185.00 2.75 1.00 0.50 -2.50 2400.00
60.00 185.00 2.75 1.00 0.50 -2.50 2400.00
Series 60.00 185.00 2.75 1.00 0.50 -2.50 2400.00
60.00 180.00 2.75 1.00 0.50 -2.50 2400.00
62.00 180.00 2.75 1.00 0.50 -2.50 2400.00
64.00 220.00 1.50 3.50 4.00 -2.00 1550.00
66.00 220.00 1.50 3.50 4.00 -2.00 1550.00
Parallel 66.00 220.00 1.50 3.50 4.00 -2.00 1550.00
66.00 220.00 1.50 3.40 4.00 -2.00 1600.00
66.00 220.00 1.50 3.40 4.00 -2.00 1600.00

 Additional Data:
Impeller Diameter = 120 mm; Pump Type = open Impeller Centrifugal
Transmission losses = 0.1 kW (assumption)
Suction Pipe Diameter = 31.75 mm
Delivery Pipe Diameter = 25.4 mm
Motor Rating = 2.2 kW at 2900 rev/min
Torque Arm Radius = 0.25 m
Flow Over 90° “V” Notch Weir, Q in m3/s = (8/15)*(2g)0.5Ce(h + kh)5/3
Where: g = Gravitational Acceleration
Ce = 0.5765
h = measured head in meters
kh = 0.00085 m

12
Appendix B: Tabulated Results

Test for 1000 rev/min


Pump/Arrangement Discharge (L/min) Total Head (m) Power Input (W) Power Output (W) Efficiency (%)
90.00 1.75 15.51 115.51 59.47
90.00 1.75 15.51 115.51 59.47
Pump No.1 90.00 1.75 15.51 115.51 59.47
90.00 1.75 15.51 115.51 59.47
90.00 1.74 15.51 115.51 59.81
106.00 0.50 23.21 123.21 37.81
106.00 1.00 23.21 123.21 75.63
Pump No.2 106.00 0.90 23.21 123.21 68.06
102.00 0.90 23.21 123.21 65.50
102.00 0.90 23.21 123.21 65.50
90.00 3.50 123.32 223.32 42.30
90.00 3.50 123.32 223.32 42.30
Series 90.00 3.50 123.32 223.32 42.30
90.00 3.45 123.32 223.32 41.70
90.00 3.45 123.32 223.32 41.70
110.00 2.00 -15.29 84.71 41.97
110.00 2.00 -15.29 84.71 41.97
Parallel 110.00 2.00 -15.29 84.71 41.97
110.00 2.00 -15.29 84.71 41.97
105.00 2.00 -15.29 84.71 43.96

13
Test for 1450 rev/min
Pump/Arrangement Discharge (L/min) Total Head (m) Power Input (W) Power Output (W) Efficiency (%)
140.00 2.00 257.32 357.32 18.02
140.00 2.00 257.32 357.32 18.02
Pump No.1 140.00 2.00 257.32 357.32 18.02
140.00 2.00 257.32 357.32 18.02
140.00 2.00 257.32 357.32 18.02
138.00 1.25 281.89 381.89 10.14
138.00 1.25 281.89 381.89 10.14
Pump No.2 138.00 1.30 281.89 381.89 10.54
140.00 1.30 281.89 381.89 10.69
140.00 1.35 281.89 381.89 11.10
142.00 4.00 257.32 357.32 36.56
142.00 4.00 257.32 357.32 36.56
Series 142.00 4.00 257.32 357.32 36.56
142.00 4.00 257.32 357.32 36.56
142.00 4.00 257.32 357.32 36.56
160.00 2.75 134.49 234.49 54.18
160.00 2.75 134.49 234.49 54.18
Parallel 160.00 3.00 134.49 234.49 59.11
160.00 3.00 134.49 234.49 59.11
160.00 3.00 134.49 234.49 59.11

14
Test for 1900 rev/min
Pump/Arrangement Discharge (L/min) Total Head (m) Power Input (W) Power Output (W) Efficiency (%)
180.00 2.00 616.95 716.95 9.66
180.00 2.00 616.95 716.95 9.66
Pump No.1 180.00 2.00 616.95 716.95 9.66
180.00 1.99 616.95 716.95 9.62
180.00 1.99 616.95 716.95 9.62
172.00 2.31 631.58 731.58 10.42
172.00 2.32 631.58 731.58 10.46
Pump No.2 172.00 2.28 631.58 731.58 10.28
170.00 2.28 631.58 731.58 10.16
170.00 2.23 631.58 731.58 9.94
185.00 5.75 602.32 702.32 29.25
185.00 5.75 602.32 702.32 29.25
Series 185.00 5.75 602.32 702.32 29.25
180.00 5.75 602.32 702.32 28.46
180.00 5.75 602.32 702.32 28.46
220.00 3.00 353.58 453.58 30.91
220.00 3.00 353.58 453.58 30.91
Parallel 220.00 3.00 353.58 453.58 30.91
220.00 2.90 368.21 468.21 28.70
220.00 2.90 368.21 468.21 28.70

Appendix C: Sample Computations

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑑 − 𝐷𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑑

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 1.25 𝑚 − (−.50) 𝑚 = 1.75𝑚

2𝜋𝑁
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 𝑀𝑔𝐿 ( )
60
𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑚 2𝜋 (1900 min)
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = (2.4 𝑘𝑔) (9.81 2 ) (0.15 𝑚) [ ]
𝑠 60

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 702.67 𝑊

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 702.67 𝑊 − 100𝑊

15
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 602.67 𝑊

𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝


ƞ = 100 ∗
𝐻𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝

𝑄(𝐻𝑚 )(𝑠. 𝑔. )
𝐻𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑐 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝, 𝑊𝑎 =
3960
𝐿 1 𝑔𝑎𝑙 1 𝑓𝑡
180 𝑠 (3.79 𝐿) (2.00 𝑚) (0.30𝑚) (1) 745.7 𝑊
𝑊𝑎 = ( ) = 59. 6226 𝑊
3960 1 ℎ𝑝

59.6226 𝑊
ƞ= ∗ 100% = 9.89%
602.67 𝑊

16

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