International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)

Heart Attack and Alcohol Detection Sensor

Monitoring in Smart Transportation System using
Internet of Things
Pughazendi N, Sathishkumar R, Balaji S, Sathyavenkateshwaren S, Subash Chander S and Surendar V

Abstract— In this modern world, we are depending on devices Heartbeat sensor monitor the heartbeat rate of a driver
for doing our work in day-to-day life, which is interconnected continuously only after driver buckle up, so driver wanted to
through networks of networks. In this paper, we mainly buckle up then only heartbeat sensor monitor heartbeat rate
focused on the safety measures for both driver and vehicle by and send message to PIC microcontroller. After receiving
using three types of sensors: Heartbeat sensor, Traffic light
message from heartbeat sensor, PIC microcontroller
sensor and Level sensor. Heartbeat sensor is used to monitor
heartbeat rate of the driver constantly and prevents from the executes necessary action whether allow driver to start or
accidents by controlling through IOT. IOT conveys the not. If the seat belt is buckled up then message will not be
emergency message to the Owner, Ambulance and the Police. send from heartbeat sensor to PIC microcontroller. In PIC
Traffic light sensor is used to follow the traffic rules and microcontroller only five ports are available to connect and
regulations by the driver. If the Red light is in the ON state, access. The LCD display with 16x2 configurations is used to
then the vehicle automatically stops before it reaches the white user to know the status.
line. Fuel level sensor is used to measure vehicle’s fuel level and
calculate whether the available fuel is enough to reach the
destination or not, if it is not enough then map will suggest the
driver to reach the nearby petrol bunks.

Keywords- Heart beat sensor, Light sensor, Alcohol

Detection sensor, IoT, GSM.

I. INTRODUCTION
Internet of Thing (IOT) has a major growth in this
changing world to innovate new ideas to make things
smarter. As per the recent survey published by World Health
Organization [12] (WHO) reveals that most of the accidents
in India occur due to the cardiac arrest while driving. India
has the second largest road network in the world with about
3 million km path in which 60% of the roads are paved.
According to a survey around 336 people die each day in the
road accident. In the below figure1.1, PIC Micro Controller
Figure 1.1 PIC Microcontrollers
is used to implement things easier in IOT. Heartbeat sensor
is used, which monitors driver’s heartbeat rate before he
Alcohol sensor will detect the alcohol level from air,
takes off. Traffic Light sensor is also used to avoid accidents
which is presented in the steering to detect the alcohol level
by following traffic rules and regulations. Fuel Level sensor
in air breath out by driver. If level of alcohol is detected then
helps driver to locate a Petrol stations nearby if the fuel is
it will be send message to PIC microcontroller. PIC
not sufficient to reach the destination.
microcontroller compares the level of alcohol send by the
In this concept driver’s must follow the rules like buckle up
sensor with normal level of alcohol. If the level of alcohol
seat belt, cannot able to drink and drive, and cannot able to
detected in the sensor is higher than normal level then PIC
run through the car in red signal.
microcontroller execute the code which would not allow the
N.Pughazendi, Sathishkumar R, Balaji S is with the Computer Science and driver to start the car. If the alcohol level is become high
Engineering Department as Faculty, Panimalar Engineering College, while car in moving condition then the car will be slowed
Affiliated to Anna University, Tamilnadu, India, (E-mail: down like parking and send message to owner using GSM.
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected].)
Sathyavenkateshwaren S, Subash Chander S and Surendar V is with the
Computer Science and Engineering Department,Panimalar Engineering Traffic level sensor use Zigbee to transmit the
College as UG Scholar, Affiliated to Anna University, Tamilnadu, India, message from traffic light to car. If the traffic signal display
(E-mail:[email protected], red signal then the Zigbee will send the message from traffic
[email protected], [email protected].) light to all receivers in 10 meters range. Cars moving
towards signal within 10 meters range will receive this
978-1-5386-1887-5/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE message. PIC microcontroller presents in the cars note the

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speed of the car and execute the code which makes buzzer to Road Accidents Parameters: 2014 and 2015
start alarm to alert the driver about red signal. Even after
buzzer alarm if the driver does not reduce speed of the car Parameter 2014 2015 %change over previous year
then Microcontroller will execute the code which will slow
down the car like parking till it reaches zero in speed. Total 4,89,400 5,01,423 2.5
Accidents
in the
country
II. LITERATURE SURVEY Total 1,39,671 1,46,133 4.6
number of
persons
In [1] describes about 2029, approximately after 35 killed in
years the Internet went important, and today the world, its the country
people, and devices are connected in ways that the Internet's Total 4,39,474 5,00,279 1.4
number of
importance could never have imagined. In [5] is about the persons
fuel emission and how much air pollution is happening due Injured in
to vehicle’s engine is running in red sign. In [2] describes the country
Accident 28.5 29.1 2.1
about waiting time in traffic signal for unwontedly that is if Severity
there is no vehicles crossing the road even though they have
to wait, so by making traffic lights to change according to
Table 2.1 Road accidents in 2014 and 2015
the number of vehicles waiting in the signal. In [6] describes
about the automatic driving car using cameras for
recognizing the white lines and signs. In [10] describes According to table 2.2 the total number of accidents
about the safety camera is fixed inside vehicle for and fatal accidents is increasing year by year. From 2005 to
monitoring the driver whether the driver is following the 2015 there is continuously increasing rate of accidents, fatal
rules like applying brake for stop sign and driving manner. accidents, persons killed and injured persons also. Survey
In [9] describes about the wearable glass which alert the clearly shows the number of accidents and killed persons are
driver using cloud computing and guiding driver for take increasing, if this continues then it will leads to sever
necessary action according to situation. problem in future.
Year Number of Accidents Number of Persons Accident
Severity
Now a day’s road accidents are becoming serious Total Fatal Killed Injured
public health problem. The annual report published by 2005 4,39,255 83,491 94,968 465,282 21.6
Transport Research Wing about road accidents in India
2015. India is one of the highest motorization growth rate 2006 4,60,920 93,917 105,749 496,481 22.9
country in world, but now our country is facing serious 2007 4,79,216 1,01,161 114,444 513,340 23.9
impact of road safe levels. There is 2.5 per cent increased in
2008 4,84,704 1,06,591 119,860 523,193 24.7
road accidents from 4,89,400 in 2014 to 5,01,423 in 2015.
Likewise total number of persons killed in road accidents 2009 4,86,384 1,10,993 125,660 515,458 25.8
increased by 4.6 per cent from 1,39,671 in 2014 to 1,46,133 2010 4,99,628 1,19,558 134,513 527,512 26.9
in2015. Injuries also increased by 1.4 per cent from 4,93,474
in 2014 to 5,00,279 in 2015. The road accidents severity will 2011 4,97,686 1,21,618 1,42,485 5,11,394 28.6
be measured in terms of number of persons killed per 100 2012 4,90,383 1,23,093 1,38,258 5,09,667 28.2
accidents increased from 28.5 in 2014 to 29.1 in 2015. The
survey of road accidents in 2015 reveal that about 1,374 2013 4,86,476 1,22,589 1,37,572 4,94,893 28.3
accidents and 400 deaths is takes place every day, which 2014 4,89,400 1,25,828 1,39,671 4,93,474 28.5
may further translates into 57 accidents and loss of 17 lives
2015 5,01,423 1,31,726 1,46,133 5,00,279 29.1
as average every hour in our country.

According to table 2.1 survey accident severity is Table 2.2 Number of Road Accidents and Number of Persons affected:
increased by 2.1 per cent from 2014 to 2015. In 2014, 28.5 2005-2015
per cent accident severity is registered and in 2015 accident
According to table 2.3 the total number of accidents done by
severity is increased to 29.1 per cent. From the analysis of
regular accidents is higher than learners and drivers without
survey registered in table 2.1 road accidents and severity is
license, this shows the accidents are not only done by
increasing year by year. Likewise the persons killed also
drivers who don’t have license. Survey show the accidents
increasing year by year.
are mostly done by drivers with license due to distraction
and some other rules disobeyed by driver.

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Total Number of Road Accidents Classified based on type of License According to table 2.6 survey taken in 2013 which shows
Type of License Accidents almost in all countries road accidents are occurring due to
Regular License 3,96,381(79.1) disobeying of traffic rules and distractions of drivers while
driving vehicles.
Learner’s License 59,435(11.9)
Without License 45,191(9.0) Cross Country Comparison of Incidence of Road related Deaths and
Injury Accident in2013
Table 2.3 Road accidents done by types of license. SI.No Country Killed per Injury
100,000 Accidents per
Populations 100,000
According to Figure 2.2 the number persons killed Populations
by road accidents in year is continuously increasing year by 1 Australia 5 N.A
year that is the persons killed in 1965 is less than 20,000 but 2 Canada 5 348
in 2015 it reaches 1,50,000 this show clearly the death due 3 Denmark 3 53
to road accidents rate is increasing which needs to be 4 Finland 5 98
reduced. 5 France 5 86
6 Germany 4 361
7 India 11 40
8 Israel 3 162
9 Japan 4 494
10 Korea 10 429
11 Mauritius 10 199
12 New Zealand 6 208
13 Niger 5 36
14 Norway 4 103
15 Poland 9 93
16 Portugal 6 334
17 Russian 19 142
Federation
18 Singapore 3 119
Figure 2.2 Road traffic death rates 19 UK 3 216
20 USA 10 513
According to table 2.5 the total number of accidents is
occurring mostly in traffic signals and persons killed also Table 2.6 Number of road accident in countries
mostly occurring in traffic signals. Flashing signals or
blinkers is the area where more injuries are occurring due to According to table 2.7 mostly 70 per cent of road
road accidents. accidents are occurring due to drink and drive. If this
continues then life of persons will be spoiled even good
Total Number of Road Accidents at various Traffic Controlled areas persons also affected due to this type of activities. In this
paper we used alcohol sensor to avoid this type of road
accidents and reduce the number of persons killed due to
Accidents Killed Injured
drink and drive.

Traffic Light 31,807(12.9) 7,648(11.9) 29,287(12.2) SI.No. States Accidents caused due to Intake of
Signal Alcohol
No. of No. of Persons
Police 19,291(7.9) 4,058(6.3) 13,285(5.5) Accidents
Controlled Killed Injured

1 Andhra 1,315 379 1,778

Stop Sign 13,228(5.4) 3,464(5.4) 10,614(4.4) Pradesh
2 Arunachal 36 15 41
Pradesh
Flashing 15,183(6.2) 5,129(8.0) 16,663(6.9)
Signal/Blinker 3 Assam 807 246 366

4 Bihar 1,532 790 1,094

Uncontrolled 1,66,158(67.6) 44,059(68.4) 1,70,568(71.0)
5 Chhattisgarh 310 82 203

Table 2.5 Number of accidents at various traffic controlled areas 6 Goa 13 1 8

7 Gujarat 40 6 29

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8 Haryana 1,021 398 887 III PROPOSED SYSTEM

9 Himachal 82 30 110
Pradesh A. To check the driver’s Heartbeat rate constantly
10 Jammu & 388 141 115
Kashmir
To monitor heartbeat rate of driver heartbeat sensor
11 Jharkhand 444 241 414
will be attached in Seat belt of the car. Once the driver starts
12 Karnataka 495 118 525 the vehicle and wears the seat belt, this sensor automatically
monitors the heartbeat rate of the driver through Internet of
13 Kerala 28 1 36
Things. When the heartbeat rate goes abnormal (i.e., above
14 Madhya 4,301 1,012 5,592 the reference value), IOT notifies the emergency message to
Pradesh the owner of the car, nearby Ambulance and the Police to
15 Maharashtra 2,187 479 1,526 prevent from accident and save the driver’s life. This
16 Meghalaya 29 8 21 emergency message will be conveyed to the respective
person via GSM. Main concept is if and only if the seat belt
17 Mizoram 13 7 23 is buckled by driver then only engine is allowed to start this
18 Nagaland 10 3 8 makes drivers to buckle up the seat belts compulsory to
drive car. This is done by small concept that is the message
19 Odhisha 739 301 1,050 will be send from heartbeat sensor which is fixed in seatbelt
20 Punjab 147 111 72 then only the PIC microcontroller allow or permit the driver
to start engine.
21 Rajashthan 1,451 696 1,621

22 Sikkim 5 1 4

23 Tamil Nadu 2,764 718 2,957

24 Tripura 4 1 7

25 Uttarakhand 9 10 31

26 Uttar Pradesh 2,049 658 1,490

Figure 3.1 Heartbeat sensors in seatbelt
27 West Bengal 0 0 0
In this concept we used figure 3.1 heartbeat sensor which
28 Andhaman & 20 3 16 will constantly detect the heartbeat rate of driver. If the
Nicobar
Islands
heartbeat rate goes to abnormal rate then the message will
29 Chandigarh 1 1 0 be send to owner, hospital and police using GSM or IOT. If
the message is received by owner he will able to stop the
30 Dadra & Nagar 0 0 0 automatically from anywhere through GSM or IOT.
Haveli
31 Daman & Diu 1 0 2 B. Updating the Fuel Status to Reach the Destination using
Google Map
32 Delhi 41 6 48
Level Sensor is used to check whether available
33 Lakshadweep 0 0 0
fuel is sufficient to reach the destination. When driver starts
the vehicle, Level sensor automatically calculates the fuel
34 Puducherry 8 0 7 required based on the destination selected in the Google
Maps. If the Fuel is lesser than required, then it
automatically locates the nearby Petrol Station to fill up the
Total 20,290 6,463 20,081
fuel like figure 3.2. If driver don’t interested to fill fuel and
Fig 2.7 State Wise accident start driving the car even though the notification will be
displayed to fill fuel to travel more distance if any
emergency required.

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from the air breath out by driver, if in case it accuracy is not

that much then just fix the alcohol sensor in the seat belt.
There is a possibility to some other chance to get the smell
of the alcohol, but by using our concept we can overcome
those challenges.
l

Figure 3.2 Map shows the petrol bunks nearby the car location.

C. Avoid Accidents by following Road rules and regulations

If the traffic signal displays orange or yellow light then Figure 3.4 Vehicle gets stopped automatically if the
Zigbee (802.15.4g) will detect signal and send the message driver consumes alcohol
to all receivers, which is present in cars. After receiving the
message from traffic light Zigbee transmitter, then the PIC In figure 3.4, the alcohol sensor will measure the level of
microcontroller will start executing the code, which was alcohol constantly and send to picture microcontroller, which
already coded in the circuit. check whether the driver drunk alcohol or not. If the picture
In figure 3.3,The PIC microcontroller executes the code microcontroller detected the alcohol drunken by driver then it
to start buzzer and alert the driver about red light is going to will send message to owner and police.
ON. Then the PIC microcontroller executes the code which
applies brake slowly and reduces the speed till car reaches IV. PROBLEMS AND OVERCOMES
certain speed limit like parking. Then if the red light is
displayed the message will be send to all car’s receivers to Road accidents are increased year by year; new possible
stop the car, till that control of acceleration will be intervention is not possible in our day-to-day life. Proper
controlled only by PIC microcontroller, driver cannot able to road rules have been not devised and these devised rules
accelerate the speed of the car. After the signal changes aren’t meant and proper. There is a lack of safety rules and
from the red to green the control will be again given to the first aids emergency services in highways which leads to
driver, which makes driver to wait for green light to move
critical situations. If there is any emergency case, then driver
further.
is not allowed to drive the car against the traffic rules.
Zigbee is not secured like wifi. Cost for Replacement of any
components in Zigbee is high. The coverage limit of Zigbee
is only 10 meters. Buckle up seat belt is important which
prevent drivers from serious injuries and it is one of the
important rules in road traffic rules. Don’t drink and drive is
also one of the rule which is cause for more road accidents.

V. IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 3.3 Vehicle gets stopped automatically after the
red light is ON
In India almost 400 persons are killed in road accidents
D. Vehicle ON/OFF control based on alcohol detection per day. In figure 4.1 we implemented our concept surely we
using breathe sensor circuitry can reduce the number of road accidents from 400 to less
than hundred per day. In India most of road accidents are
While driving, driver should not drink alcohol is occurring due to drink and drive, not following traffic rules
the one of the rule should be followed but in our country it is like running through red signal, not buckle up seat belt,
increasing day by day. To follow that rule alcohol sensor is driver got heart attack. Till now government ask the drivers
fixed on the steering which will detect the alcohol level to follow the traffic rules to prevent both travelers inside the

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 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)

car and persons on the road. In our concept driver should In figure 4.3, the alcohol sensor is fixed on the
buckle up seat belt to start car engine, in traffic signal steering which will detect the alcohol level from the air
automatically the car will be controlled by PIC breath out by driver, if in case it accuracy is not that much
microcontroller, driver cannot able to drive car if he drink then just fix the alcohol sensor in the seat belt. There is a
alcohol before start driving or while driving. All this possibility to some other chance to get the smell of the
alcohol, but by using our concept we can overcome those
concepts mostly prevent from road accidents which will help
challenges. The Alcohol sensor will measure the level of
to prevent lakhs of person’s life. In our concept main alcohol constantly and send to PIC microcontroller, which
motivation is to order drivers to obey the rules then only the check whether the driver drunk alcohol or not. If the PIC
drivers are allowed to drive the car. microcontroller detected the alcohol drunken by driver then
it will send message to owner and police.

Figure 5.1 Smart car system demo circuit

Figure 5.3 Zigbee circuit
In figure 4.2, the heartbeat sensor is used to check the
In figure 4.2, the Zigbee (802.15.4g) will detect signal
drivers heartbeat rate. If the heartbeat rate is abnormal then
and send the message to all receivers, which is present in
the emergency message will goes to the people whose
cars. After receiving the message from traffic light Zigbee
contacts are available in the GSM (SIM).Heartbeat sensor
transmitter, then the PIC microcontroller will start executing
which will constantly detect the heartbeat rate of driver. If
the code, which was already coded in the circuit.
the heartbeat rate goes to abnormal rate then the message
will be send to owner, hospital and police using GSM or
IOT. If the message is received by owner he will able to stop
the automatically from anywhere through GSM or IOT.

Figure 5.4 Alcohol circuit

VI CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

In this paper we have proposed the smart car system
using IOT, GSM and sensors like heartbeat sensor, Fuel
level sensor, traffic light sensor and alcohol sensor for
Figure 5.2 Heartbeat sensor circuit
prevent the persons and driver travelling in the car from
accident. We used “Prevention is better than cure” proverb

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which makes our life safe and secured. Like the proverb in [2] Tessa Tielert, Moritz Killat, Hannes Hartenstein, Raphael Luz, Stefan
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