98-E-ACI-351

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A NEW CONTROLLER FOR

RESONANT OPERATION OF PIEZOELECTRIC ULTRASONIC
TOOLS

Hamed Hashemifar, Hamid Fathi

Department of Electrical Engineering
Amirkabir University of Technology
Hafez Avenue, Tehran, Iran
Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Key Words: Frequency controller, Resonance inverter, piezoelectric, Ultrasonic, Simulation, Orcad,
PLL

Abstract
Many ultrasonic tools are excited by piezoelectric elements. Most often, resonant vibration
is required to achieve maximum energy transformation. Resonance frequency, however,
varies when mechanical environment of piezo changes so we need a controller which can
tune frequency of driver to resonance frequency. In this paper a voltage resonant inverter is
presented which is controlled by a new frequency controller. Conventional frequency
controllers are based on PLL theory and tune frequency by using a phase detector and
VCO. They change frequency until phase detector output becomes zero. Instead, this
controller tends to change the drive frequency so that the reactive component of current
approaches to zero and uses S&H and VCO circuit. The system that has been combined
with an inverter and so called controller, has been simulated in ORCAD and found very
suitable for simulation application because of its simplicity. Also response time of this
controller to load change is in the shorter range in compare with conventional PLL
controller.

1
 98-E-ACI-367

STATE ESTIMATION METER PLACEMENT BY GENETIC

ALGORITHM

M.Kousari S.H.Hosseinian
Department of Electrical Engineering
Amirkabir University of Technology
Tehran, Iran

Keywords: State Estimation, Observability, Reliability, Genetic Algorithm, Meter placement

Abstract:
In this paper a new meter placement method for state estimation presented. The method is
gather the important aspects of the state estimation problem that is cost, observability and
reliability. In this paper the reliability of measurement set define as the ability to run the
state estimation program with the loss of any RTU (remot terminal unit). The method use
the genetic algorithm for optimization. Then the proposed method are tested for the 14-bus
and 30-bus IEEE sample system and the result are discussed.

2
 98-E-ACI-351

EFFECTS OF ADAPTIVE FUZZY GAIN SCHEDULING, FUZZY

LOGIC BASED EXTENDED INTEGRAL CONTROL AND
FUZZY SLIDING CONTROLLER FOR LOAD FREQUENCY
CONTROL IN SMALL AND LARGE DISTURBANCES

H.A. Shayanfar M. Hosseini H. Andami

Professor Ph.D. Student Ph.D. Student
Iran University of Science and Technology

Keywords: Load Frequency Control, Fuzzy Controller, Fuzzy Gain Scheduling, Fuzzy Logic Based
Extended Integral Control, Fuzzy Sliding

Abstract
This paper presents application of three fuzzy logic method consists of adaptive fuzzy gain
scheduling, fuzzy logic based extended integral control and fuzzy sliding controller for load
frequency control. For simulation purpose, a two area interconnected system with
consideration of nonlinear effects of elements such as rate limits on valve position,
generation rate constraint (GRC) and backlash of dead band in governor is considered. In
performing of simulation, small and large step disturbances are applied to load frequency
control system with each of fuzzy methods mentioned above. The simulation results show
that fuzzy sliding method in small disturbances and fuzzy logic based extended integral
control in large disturbances can improve some control parameters of the system and
adaptive fuzzy gain scheduling method for both small and large disturbances has weaker
effect compared to the two pervious methods.

3
 98-F-ACI-737

RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT IN DISTRIBUTED SUBSTATION

CONTROL SYSTEMS

Alireza Sheikhi Fini Mehdi Taleshian Jelodar

Hormozgan University Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr
Moshanir Moshanir
Iran Iran

Key Words: Accessibility, Reliability, Substation, Automation Control System

Abstract
Digital and IT technology have been developed in recent years, so the conventional
substation control has changed to distributed and digital control system. One feature of
every system is availability, so in this paper, the availability of transmittal control function
from substation or network level of some substation control system are compared.
These results have been derived:
The simple star topology has low MTTF and reliability, but by considering separate HMI
and server gateway, these features increase rapidly. If a remote HMI added, the MTTF
increased but a little, because of redundancy in a small part of system like HMI.
By considering serial switch for communication to network level when NCC server and SA
server are the same, the reliability decreases because of serial component.
It yield that ring topology has less availability than star topology.
In RTU_based systems, because of simplicity of I/O units and their better MTTF, the
availability is better than SA system. But, when maintenance is considered, because of
common control component (RTU) and loss of redundancy, the availability becomes lesser
than SA system.

4
 98-F-ACI-746

DESIGN AND FABRICATING A HYDRASTEP LEVEL

MEASURING SYSTEM

M.A.Farahnakian M.R.Shirani E.Borhani

Sh.M.M. Power Plant Sh.M.M. Power Plant Kh. Azad.university

Key words : Boiler,Drum Level , Hydrastep

Abstract :
The hydrastep technology is the best reliable method for level measuring of high
pressure & high temperature tank. In this paper, at first the base of this
thechnology will be reviewed, and then designing & fabricating of this system will
be studied. finaly Application & density error compensation will be studied .

5
 98-F-CAM-211

EVALUATION OF HOT CORROSION AND OXIDATION

BEHAVIOR OF COATINGS USED ON

GE-F5, TG20 and MW701B Gas Turbine Blaed

D. Rezakhani1, M.Alibabai2, M.Hirbod1, M.Saremi3, M.R.Khajavi1
A.Pasha1, M.Ferdowsi1, S.Afrookhteh1
1- Niroo Research Institute, 2- Rey Power Plant, 3- Tehran University
Tehran-Iran

Key Words: Gas Turbine, Failure Analysis, Blades, Coatings, Hot Corrosion, Oxidation

Abstract :
In this paper failure analysis of coatings on GE-F5, TG20 and MW701B gas turbine blades
in Rey power plant are performed and the mechanisms of failure were recognized. Then hot
corrosion and oxidation behavior of Cr-aluminide coatings, CoNiCrAlY and NiCoCrAlY
overlays that are commonly used on these blades were studied. A series of furnace tests
were carried out in order to investigate corrosion and oxidation behavior of blade samples
under simiulated condition. It was found that CoNiCrAlY and NiCoCrAlY overlays were
more resistance to hot corrosion and oxidation than were Cr-aluminide coatings.

6
 98-F-CAM-231

EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT OF COATING ON NI-BASE

SUPERALLOY GTD-111

*M.Delfan **H Arabi

*S.T.C.Co. **Faculty of University of Science and Technology of Iran

Key words: superalloy GTD-111; Heat treatment; coating

Abstract :
The Ni-base superalloy GTD-111 is widely used in manufacturing of the first stage blades
of high power land-based gas turbines. In spite of its important role in increasing the
performance of gas turbines, due to high temperature capability, there are little data on the
microstructure, deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of the alloy.
The microstructure of these blades are usually optimized during a specific heat treatment
cycle and then coating is applied in order to increase their hot corrosion and oxidation
resistance. However, since the coating is applied at high temperature and therefore the
coating heat cycle may affect the already optimized microstructure. The aim of present
paper is to investigate the effects of the order application of heat treatment cycles.

7
 98-F-CAM-262

DESIGN AND MAKE THE MEASURING INSTRUMENT OF SF6

GAS ACIDITY

Mohsen Mohseni, Mohamedreza Abedi

Mohamshargh
IRAN

Key word: Acidity, sulfur Hexa florid, Insolate gas, gas Breakers, SF6

Abstract:
The Sulfur Hexa Florid gas is traffic to quenching electrical arcs.This gas employed to
industrial and making the best filed to electrical equipment. It has special specification such
as the value of acid must not increase from special measure, because if it increases the
equipment will be damage. There are several way to measuring this parameter and the must
of them make problem for the equipment involved this gas
In this search we try to design the useful and exactly instrument. It useful in different place
for measuring acidities and be in standard limited.

8
 98-F-CAM-301

DETERMINIG THE OPTIMAL AMOUNT OF INJECTION OF

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE IN TO SEA WATER SYSTEM OF
POWER PLANT IN DIFFERENT SEASONS

SEYED ALI DARYABARI

Power Production management in Neka
( Mazandaran – Iran ) FALL 2003

key words:NAOCL injection-Biological sediments-Pilot Plant-sea water velocity –sea water

temperature

ABSTRACT
Protecting the cooling system ( Condenser ) against Biological damages in NEKA
POWER PLANT is done by injection of Sodium Hypochlorite ( NaOCL ) Determining
the optimal amount of NaOCL injection was done through a Research project . This issue
was investigated by studying the effect of amount of NaOCL injection on the Biological
sediments of condenser pipes of a pilot plant which infact was similax to the cooling
system of power plant. This paper investigated the possible injection reduction or non
injection of NaOCL periodic in different Tempratures of sea water . The result of the study
indicated that the injection of NaOCL can be decreased about 20% , approximately with 4
to 5 Months in a year. The finding is significant , because of annual reduction of
200,000,000 RLS production expenses and reducing environment infect and also and
saving hard currency due to increasing service life of anodes by 13% .

9
 98-F-CAM-305

DEVELOPMENT OF ZNO VARISTORS WITH HIGH

TEMPERATURE DIELECTRIC COATINGS

a b c c
M. Bolandi, Z. Nemati, M. Mohandes, M. Markazi
a,b
Department of material science and engineering, Sharif university of Technology
a,c
Niroo Research Institute (NRI)
Iran

Key words: ZnO Varistor, high temperature dielectric coatings, simultaneous sintering, SiO2

Abstract
Zinc oxide varistors are smart electroceramic devices, whose primary function is to protect
an electrical system by sensing and limiting transient surges and to do so repeatedly
without being destroyed. These varistors are strongly non-linear resistors, used as surge
arresters in power transmission and for the protection of electronic devices. Metal oxide
varistors have a dielectric coating on lateral surface in the form of thermo set, glaze or other
ceramic coatings. In conventional lead oxide base glazes that are applied on varistor body
at temperature between 500-700 oC, in spite of low sintering temperature, two discrete
thermal cycles are needed, one for sintering of ZnO-based body and the other for baking of
the lateral coating. On the other hand, since the lead oxide base compounds are toxic and
also because of fritting problems, complete or partial replacement of lead oxide from
coating have ever been intended. In this paper, high temperature coatings on the basis of
SiO2 and Fe2O3 are presented. Application of these coatings on molded material, provides
the possibility of simultaneous baking and process of product that leads in time and energy
saving. Addition of Bi2O3, B2O3 and Al2O3 in the composition of the coating, and its
influence on some physical and electrical properties, are discussed in this paper that shows
the improvement of these properties especially, dielectric strength in all of the prepared
coatings. Phase and microstructure investigation of the coatings was done by x-ray
diffractometery and scanning electron microscopy.

10
 98-F-CAM-341

RESEARCH ON PROPERTIES OF REPAIRED PORCELAIN

INSULATORS BY POLYMERIC MATERIALS

M. Markazi, N. Riahi, A. Payami

Niroo Research Institute (NRI)

Key words: Repair, Silicon rubber, Porcelain Insulators, Damage

Abstract:
Fracture and crack appearing in porcelain insulators, because of their nature and
characteristics is an inevitable problem, can bring a lot of damage into the power
transmition and distribution lines. Then, in-situ repairing of damaged insulators, specially,
expensive types like bushings used in station post, can accompany great economical
advantages.
Study on various type of polymeric used in polymer insulators, exhibits that according to
properties of silicon rubber, such as hydrophobicity, high electric resistance, suitable
resistance against chemical and environmental corrosion in wide range of temperature with
low viscosity and air-curable in a short time, it is one the best choice for repairing of
insulators.
The results show that, during the repairing of damaged insulators by RTV, the impact
voltage stability increases and power frequency stability increases into 150 KV, and 85 KV
respectively in desirable conditions.

11
 98-F-CAM-420

CRACKING OF HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES OF AN ENERGY

PRODUCTION UNIT AND PREVENTING METHODS

M.R. Jahangiri
Niroo Research Institute
Islamic Republic of Iran

Key Words: Heat Exchanger Tube, Bending Stress, Tube Vibration, Corrosion, Vapor Velocity,
Impingement Plate

Abstract
In this paper, failure mechanisms of heat exchanger ( heater ) tubes of an energy production
unit were investigated. Results showed that the main causes for such failures are a
combination of high bending stresses and special corrosion agents.
Because of high velocity of vapor, tubes were vibrated in the vapor inlet area of the heater
and fatigue was occurred.
The best methods to prevent this kind of failures are using impingement plates ( buffles )
and controlling water chemistry.

12
 98-F-CAM-590

THE ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY ON ENERGY STORAGE

AND TRANSFERRING IMPROVEMENT

Mehrnoosh Hoor 1, Maasoomeh Rayiatpour 2, Soheila Dalirian3

[email protected]
Niroo Research Institute, Chemistry & Material Center
1-Nonmetallic, 2- Metallurgy, 3-Chemical & Processing Departments
Iran

Key Words: Nanotechnology, Applications, Energy Storage and Transferring

Abstract
Nanotechnology is capability of producing materials and devices in nanometer scale in the
range of 10-9-10-7 m.
This technology can give a successful opportunity for synthesis of compounds in
nanometer scale. Considering the importance of nanotechnology, it can play the main role
for industrial growth and development in most countries of the world.
Nanotechnology applications include many fields such as biotechnology, electronic,
computer, transportation, communication, energy, electric industry, material engineering,
food industry, military and etc.
Nanotechnology can also contribute to improvement of energy saving and transferring with
regard to using special materials and has a significant role.
The relevant technologies and applications include solar photovoltaic cells, fuel cells,
energy storage systems such as hydrogen storage and etc.
It’s approved that the efficiency of solar cells and fuel cells components will be improved
by use of nanotechnlogy. The potential use of carbon nanotubes as gas sorbents and
hydrogen storage is well known because of their electrical and thermal properties and high
sensitivity to surface defects. The use of nanostructured materials in gas turbine catalysts,
play an important role for decreasing environmental contamination resulted from exhaust
gas from power plant chimney.
In this paper the significance of nanotechnology role on saving and transferring energy with
brief explanation of application’s fields and material choices for each of them will be
presented individually.

13
 98-F-CAM-642

CORROSION AND DEPOSIT IN ZARAND POWER PLANT AND

METHODS FOR THEIR DECREASE

Azita Khosravan, Fereshteh Bakhtiari

International Center of Science , High Technology and Environmental Sciences
Kerman Shahid Bahonar Univercity
Iran , Kerman

Key words : Corrosion control , Deposit control ,Water conditioning , Cooling tower

Abstract:
The most important problems in Zarand power plant are corrosion and deposits in the
pipelines of the cooling tower. They are responsible for making holes in the condenser
pipes and elsewhere. The other problem of Zarand power plant is refining water corrosion .
Microbiological experiments complete chemical analysis of water , corrosion coupon ,
calculation of Longelier , Ryznar and Pukorious index and the comparison of the results
with standard water properties indicate that Calcium , Magnesium , high total hardness and
TDS are responsible for deposits in the pipelines of the water cooling tower. This water is
corrosive because the concentration of Chloride and Sulfate is high and also because there
are some mud and suspending materials in it . In refining water , Sulfate and Chloride
causes corrosion . Investigations indicate
that the best work for decreasing the cooling tower water corrosion and deposits would be ,
primarily , chemical correction of water .This will not only decrease the corrosion and
deposit but also will help the drain decrease of the cooling tower water in the power plant
.This research also investigated the effect of chemical inhibitors on the cooling tower water
corrosion and deposits . Results indicated that under this condition , inhibitors are not
effective . If proper conditions are provided for this water , corrosion and deposit levels
will be controlled by increasing proper inhibitors .
The refining water of this plant is corrosive because in this water the concentration of
Sulfate and Chloride is high and in order to decrease such corrosions , we must initially
decrease Sulfate and Chloride concentration .

14
 98-F-CAP-255

A NEW ALGORITHM BASED ON RECCURSIVE LEAST

ERROR SQUARES APPROACH IN DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMER

li Hessami Naghshbandy (1,2) Sadegh Jamali(1) Ahad Kazemi(1)

Ph.D Student Associate Prof. Associate Prof.
1. Departement of Electrical Engineering - Iran University of Science & Technology -
2. Moshanir Power Engineering Consultants - Tehran - Iran

Keywords: Digital Protection, Recursive Least Square Algorithm, Differential Protection,

Trannsformer

Absract
In this paper, a new recursive algorithm suitable for digital relaying applications is
introduced. The proposed algorithm is designed using the least error square approach based
on a recursive structure. For development of the algorithm, mathematical equations of non-
recursive form are modified and after some mathematical operations, the recursive form of
the filter is obtained. Also, a method for including decaying dc component and harmonic
frequencies in to the algorithm is described. Finally, sample studies are presented to
demonstrate the performance of the developed algorithm against inrush current and fault
condition of transformer.

15
 98-F-CAP-310

POWER TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

BASED ON POSITIVE SEQUENCE OF CURRENT

H. Khorashadi-Zadeh
Department of Pwer Engineering
The University of Birjand

Keywords - Differential protection, Power transformer and Positive sequence.

Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to differential protection of power transformer using
Positive sequence of current. Details of the design procedure and the results of performance
studies with the proposed relay are given in the paper. Performance studies results show
that the proposed algorithm performs very well to recognize the various conditions in
power transformers. The outstanding feature of the proposed method with respect to the
previous approaches, is decreased number of units of differential relays.

16
 98-F-CAP-328

FUZZY CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR HIGH IMPEDANCE

FAULT DETECTION

M. Hajatipour M. Farrokhi
Electrical Engineering Faculty
Iran University of Science and Technology

Keywords: High Impedance Fault, Fuzzy Clustering, Nearest Neighborhood

Abstract
nts a high impedance fault (HIF) detection method based on fuzzy clustering.The main
benefits of this method are its simple structure, fast learning and its independence of expert
knowledge. Moreover, it can be trained by some sampling data. The featuers of phase
current, which are the inputs of fuzzy system, are current magnitude of first, third, fifth,
deference between third and fifth harmonics, phase of third harmonic and magnitude of
zero sequence of first harmonic. Training data set is obtained by simulation of
Electromagnetic Transients Program(EMTP) on normal cases such as switching capasitors,
normal loads and fault cases like faults on sandy soil, asplalt, dry soil. Results of HIF
detection for some cases are presented, and show that the HIF detection can be performed
in a very efficient manner by using this algorithm.

17
 98-F-CAP-342

SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEMES FOR FREQUENCY

STABILITY IMPROVEMENT IN POWER SYSTEM

Hooman Arabian1,2 Ali Mohammad Ranjbar1,2 Ali Reza Shirani2 Babak

Mozafarie1,2
1. Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 2. Niroo Research Institute,
Tehran, Iran

Keywords: Special Protection Scheme ( SPS ), Frequency Stability, Under Frequency Load
Shedding ( UFLS ), Genetic Algorithm ( GA ).

Abstract
Special protection schemes are those schemes and related devices used in order to reduce
the impact of Frequency, Voltage and Transient instability, Dynamic instability and at last
but not least transmission line, substation or power plant outages on power system.
Till 1990 only the local control devices were the major equipment that protect the system
against disturbances, but since then the idea of protection schemes that combined the
logical operation of various protection and control equipment, under frequency and under
voltage load shedding devices, transformer tap changer, generator AVR and governor, etc.
in a region came to operation to increase the reliability of power system in large scale
disturbances.
In this paper first the various kinds of SPS will be introduced and categorized. SPS for
frequency instability analyzed in detail and under frequency load shedding, which is the
main tool in this kind of schemes, interpreted in one chapter. Then by using a proper power
system simulator (NEPLAN) and programming in MATLAB environment, a protection
scheme for frequency instability will be designed and test for “ New England “ 39 bus
standard IEEE benchmark.
Under frequency load shedding, which is the main tool in designed SPS will be optimized
by Genetic Algorithm (GA). Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of designed SPS
in improving the power system frequency stability and black out prevention.

18
 98-F-CAP-428

BOUNDARY RESISTANCE FOR SETTING DISTANCE RELAYS

WITH QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERISTIC

S. Jamali H. Shateri
Iran University of Science and Technology

Key Words: Distance protection, Fault resistance, Boundary resistance, Apparent impedance,
Quadrilateral Characteristic

Abstract
Distance relays are widely used as the main protection of transmission systems. These
relays provide the back-up protection as well. Amongst several characteristics devised for
the distance relays, Quadrilateral characteristic is the traditional characteristic used by
many electricity authorities.
Fault resistance is an unknown quantity with a considerable effect on the relay performance
under earth fault conditions. Apparent impedance measured at the relaying point is not only
affected by the fault resistance, but also affected by the system condition before the fault
instance. Depending on the operational and structural conditions, a pure arcing resistance
can be seen as resistive, capacitive, or inductive impedance. Pre-fault system condition is
influenced by both system design and operation.
This paper presents a method for obtaining the boundary fault resistance, which specifies
the boundary of the distance relay correct and incorrect operation. The paper first derives
the equations required and then introduces the concept of boundary fault resistance curve.
A practical system is used for the simulation studies. By using this system the effect of
changing the system conditions on the boundary fault resistance is studied.

19
 98-F-CAP-446

DESIGNING OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR

WIND TURBINE WITH CHARGE SIMULATION METHOD
(C.S.M)

Alireza Shaddel Mohammad Sadeghi Mogharar Fariborz Moojebi

B.S P.H.D student of P.H.D
RAHYAB Eng. Co. Tehran Of University NEDA Ind. Group

Key Words :C.S.M Lightning Leader, , Franklin Arrester , Wind Turbin

Abstract:
According to high height of wind power plants & special local conditions that wind
turbines must be installed , wind power plants installations is always influenced in lightning
damages caused by lightning, so increased that more usage of plants civil or installing the
new installations near them is dangerous now a days .Then designing of a reliable lightning
protection system for this valuable & expensive combination is very necessary .
This article offers an approach to calculation and designing of protection system with using
of Franklin arrester & considering distribution of field made by charged cloud & lightning
strict & assuming wind turbine system near the arrester with using of supposed charges .
Finally effect of factors such as installation placement & height of arrester , various shapes
of turbine & field distribution around blades have been illustrated through a new method
for calculation & measuring of potential & electric field named charge simulation method
(C.S.M) .

20
 46-E-CAP-453

WIDE AREA PROTECTION AND EMERGENCY CONTROL

Lars Messing, Daniel Karlsson, Mats Andersson

ABB Automation Sweden
Kourosh Allameh, Ali AzadvarABB Iran

Abstract
This paper describes basic principles and philosophy for wide area protection schemes, also
known as Remedial Action Schemes (RAS) or System Protection Schemes (SPS). In the
areas of power system automation and substation automation, there are two parallel trends
in different directions: centralization and decentralization. More and more functions are
moved from local and regional control centers towards the central or national control
center. At the same time we also observe more and more “intelligence” and “decision-
power” moving closer towards the actual power system process. We also see a great deal of
functional integration, i.e., more and more functionality enclosed in the same hardware.
This raises discussions concerning reliability (security and dependability). The main targets
for this paper is therefore to:
● Sort out the terminology used in this area;
● Describe different application areas and related requirements;
● Illustrate different design principles – “top-down”, “bottom-up”, hierarchy, flat, etc., for
different applications;
● Identify similarities and differences between classic equipment protection and system
protection –concerning philosophy as well as concerning product and system design;

21
 49-E-CAP-541

HYBRID OPTICAL VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

COMBINED INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER

F. Jenau, H.-J. Voss

RITZ Messwandler Gmbh
Germany

Key Words: Distributed Pockel’s Crystals, Digital Optical Data Transmission

Abstract
Instrument transformers (IT) are used for protection and metering in energy distribution
networks. Especially for the high and highest voltage levels the application of optical
technologies seems to be advantageous due to its inherent electrical insulation by optical
fibres which helps to avoid any electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) related problems
caused by the inductive and capacitive coupling between the high voltage distribution level
and the secondary metering. This issue becomes even more important as secondary relays
are based on digital electronic equipment.
This paper presents a combined instrument transformer for voltage and current
measurements. The voltage measurement is based on the optical Pockel’s effect whereas
the current measurement comprises a low power inductive current sensor and an optical
transmission link. Furthermore, the international standards for electronic instrument
transformers are referenced. The IT´s performance in terms of accuracy is discussed.
The main goal of the presented approach is the combination of high reliable measurement
technologies and economic insulation coordination.

22
 98-F-CAP-628

A NEW STRUCTURE FOR DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

OF AN OVER CURRENT RELAY USING FPGA

Hossein Iman-Eini, Majid Sanaye-Pasand

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran

Key words: Over current relay, Digital protection, FPGA

Abstract:
In recent years, with growing up microelectronic technology, the application and using of
FPGA in industries has been more and more. So, in this paper a new structure for design
and implementation of an over current relay using FPGA has been proposed. The circuit
can compute the angle and amplitude of the electric signal in very low time and estimate it
accurately in harmonic and noisy environment. In this design the FPGA do the arithmetic
calculations while a single microcontroller do the other tasks of a protection relay. The
reduction of size and volume and increasing of reliability are some advantages of this
design. Finally, the accuracy and reliability of the proposed circuit has been confirmed by
computer programming and simulation.

23
 98-F-CAP-656

AN ALGORITHM FOR DISTANCE PROTECTION OF SERIES

COMPENSATED LINES

Mehran Rashidi Mostafa Parniani

Hormozgan Regional Electric Co. Sharif University of Technology

Abstract
Protection of systems with series compensated lines is considered to be one of the most
difficult tasks for relay manufacturers and utility engineers. Protective distance relays,
which make use of impedance measurements in order to determine the presence and
location of faults, are “fooled” by installed series capacitance on the line when the presence
or absence of the capacitor in the fault circuit is not known a priori. This is because the
capacitance cancels or compensates some of the inductance of the line and therefore the
relay may perceive a fault to be in its first zone when the fault is actually in the second or
third zone of protection. Similarly, first zone faults can be perceived to be reverse faults!
Clearly this can cause some costly operating errors. The general approach of interest is a
method leading to the determination of the values of series L and C of the line at the time of
the fault. This is done by analyzing the synchronous and subsynchronous content of the V
and I signals seperately which provides adequate information to compute the series L and C
of the line.

24
 98-E-CAP-716

DIGITAL DISTANCE PROTECTION DESIGN USING

COMBINATION OF LEAST SQUARED ERROR AND
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION ALGORITHMS

V. Salehi Poor M. Sanaye-Pasand S. Kahrobaee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
University of Tehran,
MATN International Company

Keywords: Distance Protection, Digital Relay, Differential Equation Algorithm, Least Error
Squared

Abstract:
Power system protective relays protect electric systems against system faults and
abnormalities. Due to increasing advantages of digital relay algorithms, nowadays modern
power system protective relays are mostly microprocessor based. Digital based algorithms
are used in these relays to implement different relaying schemes. In this paper a new
combined method using combination of both differential equation and least square error
algorithms is presented. The proposed method is explained analytically and modeled
appropriately. Simulation results are performed using two powerful power system software,
MATLAB and PSCAD, and some simulation results are presented as well. The efficiency
and reliability of this method could be perceived by the obtained simulation results.

25
 98-F-CAP-778

A SIMPLE ALGORITHM FOR REMOVAL OF

EXPONENTIALLY DECAYING DC COMPONENT OF
CURRENT SIGNALS IN DIGITAL PROTECTION

Sadegh Jamali , Ali Hooshmand khooy

Iran University of Science & Technology

Key Words : dc component,discrete fourier algorithm,Digital protection, phasor estimation .

Abstract
This paper describes a new simple accurate algorithm for removal of exponentially
decaying dc component of current signals due to fault occurance , in digital protection.
This algorithm can estimate precisely time constant and primary amplitude of decaying dc
component , so dc component can be eliminated completely from current signals and the
fundamental frequency-based phasor of current signals can be estimated precisely .
First , some methods that are innovated for eliminating dc decaying component up to the
present, have been categorized. Then , the principles of our new algorithm have been
introduced. Then the results of simulation studies have been presented which show that the
algorithm is independent of dc component characteristic , even when dc component is very
poor and negligible , but is sensitive to high-frequency components and therefore it's
necessary to use low-pass filters with this algorithm for estimating voltage phasors ( and
not current phasors ) that are subjected to high-frequency components.

26
 98-E-CAP-787

IMPROVE OF OVERCURRENT PROTECTION RELIABILITY

USING PHASOR STUDY

S. Kahrobaee M. Sanaye-Pasand V. Salehi Poor

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
University of Tehran
MATN International Company

Keywords: Digital Relay, Phasor Components, Transient Current, Power Factory DIgSILENT

Abstract:
Capability of the power system protection scheme to introduce a reliable and secure relay
response has become a critical matter. Digital relays use special algorithms to filter
unwanted components of the input signal and extract the fundamental component.
Meanwhile, proper techniques must be used to prevent mal-trip of such relays, due to
transient and harmonic currents in the network. This paper, presents using the real and
imaginary part of current phasor in order to discriminate between fault and non-fault
events. Some typical transient currents due to transformer energizing, capacitor switching
and induction motor starting are simulated in Power Factory software and results of using
the method are discussed and illustrated.

27
 98-F-CAP-799

A NEW APPROACH TO MODELING AND PERFORMANCE

STUDY OF AN SSCR USED TO ENHANCE PROTECTION AND
CONTROL OF POWER NETWORKS IN CASE OF SHORT
CIRCUIT

Abstract
Electric power system designers often face fault current problems when expanding existing
buses. “Superconductive Fault current limiter” (SFCL) serves as a promising answer to
solve the problem. These devices could also provide the operation of transformers, circuit
breakers and old devices with more safety and help enhance the protection and control of
the entire network. In this paper a shielded core SFCL-which is called Superconductive
Shielded Core Reactor (SSCR)-is modeled. This modeling is based on the magnetic
behavior of the device and is developed for use in SIMULINK®. A previously tested
circuit is simulated with the new model and results are compared. Computer simulation
shows the effectiveness of this device in reducing the short circuit level without affecting
the normal behavior of the system.

28
 98-F-DTC-139

THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS OF TRANSMISSION OF

INFORMATION THROUGH HIGH VOLTAGE LINES IN IRAN

Javad Abdi Mohammad Mohebbi, Eiraj Abooie

Fereidon Behnia
Dep. of Electrical Eng., Dep. of Electrical Eng., Sharif University Institute of Standards and
University of Tehran of Technology Industrial Research of Iran
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Kiatel Co.
(Telecom Equipments Manufacture)
No. 24, 4th st., Razan st., Mirdamad Blvd., Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box 31535-411, Iran

Key words: High Voltage Lines, Information Transmission Systems, T-Off.

Abstract
If a high voltage line is used for voice and data transmission, the PLC communication link
should have a proper response in the defined range. It is obvious that if the line does not
transfer a proper frequency signal, communication would be undesirable especially for
data.
This paper, dealing with T-Off, would focus on the fundamental problems of high voltage
lines in Iran and the procedures for fixing them.

29
 98-F-DTC-307

USING CIM AND DAIS STANDARDS FOR INTEGRATION OF

SCADA/EMS/DMS

Mehdi Kavousian, Mahmood Enayati, Amir Tavakoli

Niroo Research Institute
IRAN

Key words: SCADA, EMS, DMS, CIM, DAIS, Power System Data Model, Integration

Abstract:
In this paper, firstly, we introduce a standard data model of power network resources for
SCADA and Power Application Softwares (EMS/DMS). The Common Information Model
(CIM) by EPRI, which is currently considered at IEC organization as a working standard,
defines a utility industry standard object-oriented model for the development and
integration of applications used for electric power systems, engineering, planning,
management, operation and commerce.
Then we inspect Data Access for Industrial Systems (DAIS) specification to be used as a
standard software interface to support efficient real-time transfer of process information
between servers and a wide range of external applications, such as HMI and Power
Application Softwares. DAIS is developed by OMG and Open Group organizations as a
vertical domain interface base on Object Model Architecture. It uses CORBA as underlying
infra-structure for communication of software modules.
Finally, we present a mapping from CIM data model structure to data access mechanisms in
DAIS in order to design an open real-time data server for electrical networks and integrate
it with other software applications (HMI/EMS/DMS/GIS). In this approach real world
objects in CIM (e.g. Breakers, Transformers) and their attributes (e.g. amp rating, windings
resistance) are mapped to Node and Item concept in DAIS hierarchy model.

30
 98-F-DTC-338

OPTIMUM CHOICE OF LITZ WIRE AND IT’S UTILIZATION

IN LINE FILTER OF DIGITAL PLC

Mahdieh Alibakhshi
Niroo Research Institute
Iran

Key Words: Litz Wire , Strand , AWG , Eddy Current , Skin Effect , Proximity Effect

Abstract:
A salient difficulty in the design of high-frequency inductors and transformers is eddy-
current effects in winding. This effect is controlled by use of “Litz Wire”. Although ac
resistance decreased by use of Litz wire , but dc resistance increase as a result of the space
occupied by insulation. In choose of Litz wire structure , ac and dc resistance must be
optimally minimized. Because of high cost , an approximation of normalized cost is
combined with loss analysis to find optimally trade off cost and loss. Also in end of this
paper a practical example explaine choosing Litz wire in line filter of Digital PLC.

31
 98-F-DTC-376

SYNCHRONIZATION IN FREQUENCY HOPPING SPREAD

SPECTRUM SYSTEMS

Zahra Ghaninan
Niroo Research Institute
Iran

Key Words: Distribution Automation , Data Transmission, Spread Spectrum Radio MODEM ,
Frequency Hopping , Initial Synchronization

Abstract:
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum MODEM is a reliable and safe solution for high
speed data transmission in communication network of distribution automation.
The most important factor in performance of this system and the other frequency hopping
spread spectrum systems is fine synchronization between transmitter and receiver that has
been investigated in this paper. So various stages of synchronization and different
techniques to establish initial synchronization have been introduced and more suitable
technique for radio network of distribution automation that is adverse and interferential
environment has been proposed according to suitable detection method , search technique
and synchronization control strategy.
Also the performance improvement of selected method has been discussed in comparison
with others. Proposed method is serial search with binary integration as detection method
and up-down counter strategy in synchronization control . This method provides
synchronization in minimum time with high reliability and it could be implemented easily
on software’s subroutines of receiver without any significant hardware bulk increment.

32
 98-F-DTC-470

COMMUNICATION SIGNAL TRANSMISSION FOR FAULT

LOCATION IN POWER LINE

Dariush Abbasi-Moghadam Vahid Taba Taba Vakili

Communication industries of SAIRAN Professor of Electrical Engineering
Tehran, noboniad Sq., Langari st Department of Electrical Engineering
E-mail: darush_a_m@ yahoo.com Iran University of science and
Technology

Keywords: Power Line, Spread Spectrum, M-sequence, Phase modulation, Windowing

Abstract:
Narrow band and spread spectrum signal transmission over the power line is used to
finding the location of fault and other impedance mismatching on power line. In this
method, some form of wave is transmitted on power line and reflected waves that are as a
result of impedance mismatching are received. By using of the amplitude and phase of
reflected waves, determining the location of impedance modification would be possible
with a proper precision.
In order to prevent the adverse impacts of transmitted signals on the power line networks
component, signals having low power spectral density are used, which a spread spectrum
signal is as so. Among spread spectrum techniques, Maximal Length Spread Spectrum
method, is much more useful because of the ease of code generation, with arbitrary length,
having low side lobe to main lobe ratio, high resistance against interference against
interference, jamming and non- stability of power lines. Among narrow band techniques,
Multi phase modulations are the best, because of low side lobe to Maine lobe ratio.
For detection of low reflection signal due to impudence mismatching and for side lobe
reduction windowing techniques is used. Hamming and Hanning windows have fairly
proper performance and implementation of these techniques is easy. But Dolph-Chebychev
window has optimum performance for reducing the side lobes.

33
 98-F-DTC-471

POWER LINE COMMUNICATION

Vahid Taba Taba Vakili Dariush Abbasi-Moghadam

Professor of Electrical Engineering Communication industries of SAIRAN
Department of Electrical Engineering Tehran, noboniad Sq., Langari st , Iran
Iran University of science and Technology E-mail: darush_a_m@ yahoo.com

Keywords: Power Line, Spread spectrum, Narrow Band, Jamming, coding and Modulation

Abstract:
Because of Power Line existence near each home, independent communications network,
and disuse of extra cabling, Power Line Communication is proper channel for data
transmission. Because of noise and environmental distortion, utilization of resistance
technology against these effects is required, so that the use of Spread Spectrum technology
or Error Correction techniques is required.
Simulations and inspection shows, Spread Spectrum techniques, because of its resistance
against multipath, noise and jamming, is more proper than Narrow Band techniques, but it
is expensive and complicated.

34
 98-F-DTC-481

ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION OF IMPULSE NOISE IN LOW

VOLTAGE POWER LINE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS

G. Mirjalily, A. Mohammadi and M. Nakhkash

Department of Electrical Engineering, Yazd University

Keywords: Impulse noise, Burst, PLC, Low voltage distribution, Weibull distribution

Abstract:
Data communication over electrical low voltage distribution networks requires
characterization of such channels for communication purposes. In this respect, noise model,
cable losses and multi-path propagation are important factors, influencing the channel
behavior. The noise in a communication channel is, usually, modeled as white Gaussian
noise. However, the dominant noise within a power line network is impulse noise,
generated by switching transients in the network. This paper introduces the parameters of
impulse noise and provides the noise parameters obtained from experimental data. The
paper, also, presents the simulation results for the distribution of the noise parameters based
on their statistics.

35
 98-F-DTC-524

SECURITY OF SCADA SYSTEMS

M. Sahebi M.Ghaderpanah
Dispatching & Control Dept., MATN co.

Keywords: SCADA, Cyber-security, Cyber threats, Vulnerabilities

Abstract:
Nowadays, security has been considered as a highest priority feature in SCADA
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems besides efficiency, throughput and
time-response and makes such Real-Time systems differ from other information processing
systems and business applications. Because of the potential risks involved with operations
and data processing, concern for the security breaches, information theft and cyber threats,
SCADA systems must provide a high level of security for all of their computer-based
activities. This paper presents new strategies and approaches to strengthen SCADA systems
security.

36
 98-F-DTC-562

SCADA DEPLOYMENT USING OPC

S.mokarizadeh, F.ghaffarzadeh
NRI
Iran

Key Words : Network, SCADA, Protocol, DCOM, OLE, OPC, Client/Server, Windows

Abstract
OPC (OLE for Process Control) is an industry standard created in collaboration of a
number of worldwide leading automation hardware and software manufacturers in
cooperation with Microsoft. The standard creates a common interface for communication
between various devices controlling technological processes. The objective is to prevent the
given monitoring or control software from being dependent on the hardware manufacturer.
OPC is based on the OLE/COM/DCOM technology of Microsoft, Inc.
It provides mechanisms to collect the data from data sources and communicate the data to
any client application independently on the hardware manufacturer. OPC has three main
components : OPC Data Access, OPC Alarm & Event and OPC Historical Data Access
and each one has both Client and Server components according to Client/Server
architecture. OPC is widely used in developing SCADA systems. This article tries to
introduce the OPC standard and its usage in SCADA industry.

37
 98-F-DTC-579

APPLICATION OF CORBA FOR INTEGRATION OF POWER

NETWORK CONTROL SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

Mehdi Kavousian
Niroo Research Institute
IRAN

Keywords: CORBA, OMA, Software Integration, SCADA, EMS, DMS, HMI

Abstract:
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), the core of Object Model
Architecture (OMA), is a well-established standard for communication of component-based
distributed software systems from OMG organization. CORBA specification enables the
components to transparently activate connection, transmit requests and handle errors in a
heterogeneous environment composed of different hardware, operating systems, and
implementation languages.
Integration of software components in industrial process control systems, especially power
network systems, has always been a problem for different vendors. In these systems,
collected data in SCADA server, need to be shared with other application such as HMI,
PAS (EMS/DMS) and GIS in a real-time manner.
In this paper, introducing OMA, we investigate the use of CORBA as the base of
information exchange bus for process control software components. We compare CORBA
with COM and JavaRMI technically and release the report of the performance result of an
implementation of CORBA (TAO) for transmitting dynamic process data between server
and clients. At the end, we summarize the application of CORBA for integration of power
network control software components (SCADA, HMI, EMS, DMS and GIS).

38
 98-F-DTC-598

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OPTIMIZED HASH FUNCTION

BASED ON CBC_MAC AND PRESENTATION A NEW
COMBINED ALGORITHM OF ECBC-FCBC-XCBC FOR HIGH
SECURITY IN POWER ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION
AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Mehdi Khademian1, Morvarid Sehatkar2, Faramarz Faghihi3

1. Industrial Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology

2. Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran
3. Electrical Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology

Abstract:
According to the expanding of communication network, using information technology (IT)
in various systems is very noticeable. One of the important subjects through using IT is
data authentication. Specifying in power electric distribution automation system, with
ability of collecting and processing of the information and existence of control signal,
security and authentication are required. Public key, MD5 hash function and Umac hash
function had been suggested for this system in previous work. In this paper for getting high
speed and suitable security, analysis and implementation of the three standard types of
CBC_MAC that are called ECBC, FCBC, XCBC are done and they are compared with
each other. Finally, we have presented a new algorithm based on those type and HMAC
structure that provide appropriate speed and security that it is satisfied for the
characteristics of the power electric distribution automation system.

39
 98-F-DTC-643

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS IN SUBSTATION

AUTOMATION AND SCADA

Arash Shoarinejad
GE Energy Network Reliability Products and Services
Canada

SCADA, protocols, automation, networking, communication

Abstract
The paper provides a brief explanation of the automation and SCADA industry along with
networking schemes. Protocols as a crucial part of the system are explored in depth. In
addition, commonly used protocols and standards are mentioned concisely. The newest
invention of the IEC standards committee, known as IEC 61850, is also introduced. IEC
61850 and UCA have promising advantages over other protocols and will greatly change
SCADA systems today. Also, a general guideline is provided for protocols, which is then
used to create a comparison chart for them.

40
 98-F-DTC-773

EFFECTS OF DELAY IN SCADA SYSTEMS BASED ON TCP/IP

Assadullah Hayati Mohsen Parsa Moghaddam Ali Yazdian

Tarbiat Modarres University

Keywords: SCADA, TCP/IP, Measurement Error, Delay

Abstract
The communication systems used in the SCADA system create delays due to various
factors such as limitation of the transmission bandwidth, switching delay among nodes,
processing time, etc. These delays cause errornous situation in the measurements needed
for control center which depends on the magnitude of the delay and the evolution of the
measurements.Today new configuration of SCADA system is implemented based on
TCP/IP, because it is flexible in communication and information systerms of power system.
In this thesis, an information model of the power system control and monitoring system
based on TCP/IP relationship between measurement error and delay is presented. The
validity of the model is configured with experimental data from a power system model
implemented on Local Area Network (LAN) and Dial up lines as telecommunication links.

41
 98-F-ELM-102

DESCRIBING THE STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF

SHORT CIRCUIT GENERATORS

Sohrab Amini Valashani Farhad Fallahi

[email protected]
Niroo Research Institute-Electric Research Centre
Iran – Tehran

Keywords: Short Circuit Generators, Duty Cycles, Structure, Short circuit Current Curve

Abstract
Short circuit generators are central core of high power laboratories .For producing the
special current patterns and making and breaking current tests of switches. These
generators have complex systems based on special duty cycle that results to high
manufacturing and implement cost. This equipment has limited number in international
level such that there is any case in our country. Thus more study is necessary in direction of
laboratory completing.
In this paper various methods of current producing is mentioned after presenting the
standard duty cycles, and then structure and performance of short circuit generators is
presented, Finally results obtained by simulation of three generators are analyzed.

42
 98-F-ELM-198

EXPERIMENTS IN THE USE OF RTDS AS A PD MEASURING

SENSOR

M. R. Naghashan, S. H. Seifi A. Geraiely

Power and water Institute of Technology Jahad Daneshgahi, Iran Science and Technology

Key words: Partial discharge, HV Generator, RTD, Sensor, Frequency response

Abstract
In order to recognize the response of the RTD to the partial discharges in HV electrical
machines, some tests are carried out on a laboratory model and on a HV generator. The
simulated signals are injected at the generator-terminal-box and the response of the RTD
are detected and evaluated in time and frequency domain. The results show that more than
80% of the signal are damped during transmission along the generator winding and the
RTD can be used to detect the PD signals that are injected in the same slot. Reflected
signals in the slot-ends and receiving noises through RTD wires should be eliminated using
desirable signal processing system.

43
 98-F-ELM-278

ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION TWO PARALLE GENERATORS

WITH DIFFERENT EXCITATION SYSTEM IN BEUSAT
POWER PLANT

Mohsen Joukare
[email protected]
Iran
Niro Research Institute

Key words: Synchronous generator, excitation system, Static, Compensator, dynamic performance.

Abstract:
Excitation System in one of the most important parts in Power Plant. Kind of Excitation
System and control algoritm determinal dynamic performance of generator against network
disturbances. Aqed power plants have many problems related to dynamic excitation system,
for example: fatingued parts, slow respanse, higjh main tenance … The replacement of the
rotating exciter and associated equipment for static excitation systems provides the positive
solutiors to these problems.
The static exciter offers the design flexibility in control system. For impelementing
different algoritms.
This article illustrates the effect of changing control strategy in unit I of Beasaf power plant
on dynamic performance and interaction of other unit against changing reactive load.

44
 98-F-ELM-302

A NEW METHOD FOR DOUBLE OUTPUT INDUCTION

GENERATOR STARTING USING HYBRID MODEL

M. KALANTAR M. SEDIGHIZADEH
Associate professor PhD Student

Electrical Faculty-Iran University of Science and Technology-Narmak-Tehran-Iran

Abstract
Wind turbines with double output induction generator (DOIG) can operate at variable speed
permitting conversion efficiency maximization over wide range of wind velocities. It is
now recognized that many large wind farms will employ doubly output induction generator
variable speed wind turbines. In this paper a new method for DOIG starting proposed.

45
 98-F-ELM-330

ROBUST CONTROL DESIGN AND DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE

ANALYSIS OF A WIND TURBINE-INDUCTION GENERATOR
UNIT

Alireza khosravi, Aliakbar jalali, Ehsan sarami

[email protected], [email protected]

Department of Electrical Engineering

Iran University of Science & Technology
Tehran,Iran

Key Words: Robust Control, H ∞ Technique, µ Analysis, Wind Turbine-induction Generator

Abstract
This paper presents the modeling and robust control design for a wind energy conversion
scheme using induction generators. We know that this system is fed by an unsteady input as
the wind; hence robust techniques will be suitable. According to the dynamic equations and
system's uncertainty, controllers based on H ∞ was designed and compared with controllers
based on pole assignment. Fast response, suitable settle time and stability upon severe wind
gust, depicts the improvement of system response using robust control.

46
 98-F-ELM-333

DESIGN OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE GENERATOR FOR

CONVERTING WIND ENERGY

Jawad Faiz and Reza Fazai

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
University of Tehran
Tehran, Iran

Key Words: Switched reluctance generator, direct excited wind energy converter

Abstract
In this paper, a 20 kW, 100 rpm switched reluctance generator is designed to employ in
direct excited wind energy converter. In the design process, acoustic noise and vibration of
mechanical elements are taken into account in order to make it compatible with wind
energy conversion.
After initial design of the dimensions of the generator, the magnetization characteristics of
the generator are determined using an analytical model and the major electrical
performance curves are presented. Flux model in different parts of the generator are then
determined for core losses, copper losses and power electronic circuit conduction losses
estimation. Finally, efficiency of the generator is computed and design optimization is
carried out using trail an error technique.

47
 98-F-ELM-354

SLIDING MODE TERMINAL VOLTAGE CONTROL OF

SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

R. Ghaemi M. Joukar
[email protected] [email protected]
Niroo |Research Institute (NRI)

Keywords: synchronous generator, terminal voltage, linearization feedback, sliding

Abstract
This paper consider terminal voltage control of synchronous generator .The method
which is represented in this paper is based on feedback linearization method and the main
goal is enhancing system stability and controlling terminal voltage under large scale
diturbance and short circuit fault.
In addition as the feedback linearization method depends on exactly knowlage of system
parameters, the sliding mode control of terminal voltage is produced for system
robustness.System response when refrence voltage changes and in short circuit condition is
depicted.

48
 98-F-ELM-395

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVANCED PD

MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

M. Rafiee H. A. Shayanfar
Iranian University of Science and Technology
IRAN

Keywords: PD Measurement, Detection, Pulse Analysis, Software

Abstract:
This paper reports the development of an advanced system for PD measurement. Hardware
with a fast A/D and user friendly software in VC++ environment have made a powerful
tool for testing, digital data processing, feature extraction and final analysis of results. The
proposed system is perfect for educational and research purpose. Hardware consists of
amplifiers and analog filters, up to 40 MHz A/D converter and 128 MB onboard memory.
Software has a specialized design and an experience based heuristic algorithm is used for
peak finding. Feature extraction and analysis will be made with respect to quantity,
repetition rate and phase of occurrence of PD pulses after peak finding.
Some features extracted from PD data are skewness, kurtosis and cross correlation for
H n (φ ) and H n (q ) distributions, NQN and average and maximum charge transfer in
polarities, quadratic rate and dissipated power.
These features help the user to identify type and severity of insulation defect and because of
low memory required can be saved in a data bank for further use.

49
 98-F-ELM-402

ELECTROMAGNETIC DESIGN OF A DISK PERMANENT

MAGNET MACHINE CAPABLE OF BEING USED IN
MICROTURBINES

Mehran Mirjafari
1,2 Mehdi Mirzagol1,2 Sohrab Amini2 A.M.Ranjbar1,2 A.R.Shirani2

[email protected]
Sharif University of Technology
Niroo Research Institute

Index Terms: Microturbine, Disk Permanent Magnet Machine, Electromagnetic Design, Finite
Element Analysis

Abstract
Distributed Generation takes pressure off electrical transmission infrastructure and seems to
play a major role in future electrical power networks. Micro Turbine-Generators are one of
the most important distributed power sources whose great benefits have put then in research
and development list of so many companies and organizations. In order to reach for a
desirable performance, choosing a proper basic structure for Generator part of the power
source is Vital. In this paper “Disk Permanent Magnet” Structure has been chosen and its
electromagnetic design algorithm has been discussed. Obtained results have been compared
to Analysis of a similar machine using finite element method in order to test if the goals of
design algorithm have been met.

50
 98-F-ELM-445

OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN OF SYNCHRONIZE

GENERATOR AS REGARDS TO DYNAMIC OF POWER
NETWORK

Mohammad Sadeghierad Mohsen RezaGholi Dr. Hamid Lesani

Elec. & Comp. Department Faculty of Engineering , Tehran University

Keywords: Dynamic of Power Network, Optimization, Synchronize Generator, Design

Abstract:
In this Article we wanted to design a synchronize Generator as regards to dynamic of
Power System. In the other hand the parameters of Generator are affective on dynamic of
Power network , so we try to obtain a special parameter that help to Stability of power
system. In this sequence we optimize our design with Zangwill function method.
This Article give this possibility that we can Design our Generator as respect to dynamic of
Power network at the design & installation of power plant.

51
 98-F-ELM-465

CALCULATION OF UNBALANCED MAGNETIC FORCES IN

SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTORS UNDER STATIC AIR
GAP ECCENTRICITY

Homayoun Meshgin Kelk

Electrical Engineering Department
Tafresh University

Keywords: Induction motor, unbalanced magnetic pull, static eccentricity

Abstract:
Air gap asymmetry exists in all electric machines. This asymmetry creates unbalanced
magnetic forces that act both on the rotor and stator of the machine. Bearing damage and
creation of vibration and acoustic noise are due to these forces. In this paper, calculation of
unbalanced magnetic forces in squirrel cage induction motors that are widely used in
industry has been presented. Magnetic equivalent circuit method has been used to model
the motor to study the effects of most important factors on the creation of these forces.

52
 98-F-ELM-560

TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON PD PULSE DISTRIBUTIONS OF

HV GENERATORS' STATOR BARS WITH SURFACE
INSULATION DEFECTS

M. Rafiee H. A. Shayanfar
Iranian University of Science and Technology
IRAN

Keywords: PD Measurement, Temperature Effect, Feature Extraction, Stator Bar

Abstract:
Temperature can affect PD activity of HV generators stator bars. For a new insulation
system this effect is very low but for several defects such as delamination, temperature has
a decreasing effect and for some others such as semi-conducting paint and anti-corona
coverage defect temperature has an increasing effect on PD activity.
In this research PD activity of some real hydro-generator stator bars were measured and
analyzed to evaluate the possibility of using temperature effect for PD pattern
classification. For this purpose, defects have been made artificially on conducting paint and
semi-conducting paint on "in the slot" and "out of the slot" part of stator bars respectively.
PD has been measured in three different temperatures at nominal voltage for each of these
defects. After repairing of these defects PD has been measured again and results have been
analyzed. Stator bars temperature raised by injecting high current using a HCT transformer.
Skewness, kurtosis and cross-correlation of phase resolved and amplitude PD distributions
were calculated and analyzed which show the shape of these distributions is affected by
temperature. Thus we conclude that measuring PD at different temperatures can provide
more information about insulation defect types and this data can be used for training of PD
classification intelligent systems.

53
 98-F-ELM-597

SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE PARAMETERS ESTIMATION

USING GENETIC ALGORITHM VIA DC-DECAY FIELD TESTS
AT GHOM POWER PLANT

Majid Esmi Jahromi1,2 Mohammad Rasouli1 Ali Mohammad Ranjbar1, 2

1-Niroo Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
2-Electrical Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Keywords: DC-Decay Test, Genetic Algorithm Synchronous Generator, Parameter Estimation

Abstract
In this paper Dc-Decay procedure and its implementation for the determination of a
synchronous machine parameters in the gas units of Ghom power plant is presented. Dc-
Decay time domain data are acquired from standstill test measurements. The direct axis and
quadrature-axis dynamic parameters are found by processing the step response of the
synchronous machine at standstill position. Genetic algorithm approach is employed to
identify the desired parameters. This test procedure reduces the required power and
minimizes the testing time; but presents a limited precision because of the low flux level
and standstill condition. The simulation results and their comparison with the actual
measured signals show the accuracy of the derived models.

54
 98-F-ELM-606

STUDY OF CABLE-WOUND GENERATORS AND THEIR

USAGE POTENTIAL IN IRAN’S POWER NETWORK

M. Siahrang 1,2 E. Khosrowshahli 2 A. M. Ranjbar 1,2 E. Sharifi Ghazvini2

1-Sharif University of Technology
2- Niroo Research Institute (NRI)
Tehran- Iran

Key Words: Cable-Wound Generators, XLPE cable, Hydropower rehabilitation, PowerformerTM

Abstract
In the last 90’s ABB introduced new generation of power generators named
PowerformerTM, which are different from conventional generators in their stator structure.
In PowerformerTM, the stator windings are made of extruded XLPE cables instead of
rectangular insulated conductor bars, which yields increase in terminal voltage of
generators and therefore direct connection to transmission line without any step-up
transformer. Powerformers have such advantages that in near future they should be
considered as one of the best options in constructing new power plants and rehabilitation of
old ones. In this paper structure, advantages and disadvantages of powerformers and
possibility of their usage in Iran’s power network are discussed.

55
 98-E-ELM-648

EVOLUTIONARY BASED OPTIMAL DESIGN OF SR MOTORS

VIA NEUROFUZZY MODELING OF NATURAL FREQUENCIES
OF CYLINDRICAL SHELLS

Rouhani H.1, Bahrami M. N.1, Araabi B. N.2, Lucas C.2

1Applied Design Center of Excellence, Mechanical Engineering Department,

University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Iran

Keywords: Vibrations, Cylindrical Shells, Switched Reluctance Motors, NeuroFuzzy Model,

Evolutionary Algorithms.

Abstract.
Analysis of dynamic behavior of cylindrical shells is essential in design wherever it is used.
Equations of shell vibrations are partial differential equations of order eight which their
exact solution is possible only in special cases with a few known boundary conditions and
with a lot of simplified assumptions. On the other hand finite element method does not
yield a lumped model or a general solution for natural frequencies of cylindrical shells. In
this paper natural frequencies of cylindrical shells in a wide range of dimensions are
obtained with either exact solution or finite element method and they are applied to training
of a Locally Linear Neurofuzzy Network. Finally a general model for calculation of natural
frequencies of cylindrical shells has been proposed. Then the model has been applied in
optimal design of a Switched Reluctance motor with the evolutionary algorithms as
optimization method.

56
 98-E-ELM-649

THERMAL MODELLING OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE

MOTORS

Hassan Rouhani1, Jawad Faiz2 and Caro Lucas3 Hossein Rouhani4

1 Mechanical Engineering Department, K.N.T. University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Applied Electromagnetic systems Center of Excellence,
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Iran
3 Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence,
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Iran
4 Applied Design Center of Excellence,
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

KEYWORDS: - SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS - THERMAL MODELING – HEAT

TRANSFER – THERMAL RESISTANCES

ABSTRACT
Switched reluctance motors (SRM) are attracting much attention because of their special
advantages. Generated heat by losses can reduce the life time of SRMs. Therefore, optimal
design based on thermal modeling helps to improved their performance and increase their
life time. In this paper, a lumped thermal model of SRM is based on the analogue of
conductive and convective thermal resistances is proposed. This model can be used to
design the motor optimally and investigate the influences of dimensions upon the
performance.

57
 98-F-ELM-652

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 3-PHASE INDUCTION

MOTORS UNDER UNBALANCE VOLTAGE CONDITIONS :
COMPARISION OF EXPERIMENTAL AND SIMULATION
RESULTS

R. Roshanfekr A. Jalilian
Undergraduate Student Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
Iran University of Science & Technology

Keywords: Unbalance Voltage, Induction Motor, Park Transformation

Abstract
Unbalance voltage is one of the most important causes of disturbance in distribution
system. Large single phase loads, unbalance distributed loads, ... are causes of unbalance
voltage. This paper, analyses the performance of 1.5 kW squirrel cage induction motor
under unbalance voltage source condition. Effect of positive and negative symmetrical
components of voltage source on motor's efficiency and power factor are described in this
paper. A exact model of 3-phase induction motor is simulated in Matlab/Simulink software
where the simulation results are compared with the experimental results.

58
 98-F-ELM-663

REDUCTION OF AXIAL FORCE ON A NEW TYPE THREE

PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR

Homayoun Meshgin Kelk Ali Ommati

Tafresh University
Electrical Engineering Department

Keywords: induction motor, axial force, eccentricity

Abstract:
Three phase and single phase squirrel cage induction motors are widely used in industry. In
spite of some progresses in material technology in recent decades, there has been no
modification in the design of these motors. Due to rotor skewing, there is undesired axial
force acting on the rotor of induction motor. Static and dynamic eccentrirty and rotor
misalignment affetc this force, too. We have designned and constructed a new type squirrel
cage induction motor at the electrical machine research laboratory in Tafresh university.
This motor represents much lower axial force with respect to a conventional induction
motor. Experimental results are provided.

59
 98-F-ELM-664

DETECTION OF BROKEN ROTOR BARS IN CAGE

INDUCTION MACHINES USING NEURAL NETWORKS

M. R. Rafimanzelat1,2, B. N. Araabi1, J. Faiz1 and E. Sharifi2

1. Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence,

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
University of Tehran, Iran.
2. Niroo Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

Key-Words: Fault diagnosis, Broken bar, Induction machine, Neural networks, Pattern recognition

Abstract:
Considering the importance and wide use of induction machines in industrial applications,
detection of their faults at an early stage to avoid unexpected and catastrophic failures is of
high significance. In this paper, a fault detection method is proposed for revealing broken
bars, a common mechanical fault in cage induction machines, using feature extraction
techniques and a neural network classifier. The proposed algorithm uses the stator current
and motor speed as inputs to assess the motor condition. Fast Fourier Transform is utilized
to obtain the frequency spectrum of the current signal. A new efficient algorithm is then
developed to extract suitable features out of the frequency spectrum of the signal. The
relevance of the features for the purpose of fault detection is investigated and verified. A
neural network classifier is then developed and applied to distinguish different motor
conditions. A series of data collected from experiments on a three phase 3 hp cage
induction machine performed in different load and fault conditions are used for training and
then testing the classifier. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed
algorithm for detection of broken bar fault.

60
 98-F-ELM-681

CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF ROTATING MACHINE

WINDINGS BY ANALYSIS OF POLARIZATION AND
DEPOLARIZATION CURRENTS (CASE STUDY)

H.R.Akbari Rokenabadi G.Soltani Khosroshahi M.laleh

Niroo Research Institute Niroo Research Institute Ray Powerplant

Key Words: Polarization, depolarization, rotating machine winding insulation.

Abstract:
In this paper polarization and depolarization currents measurement test method is
described. Then in order to assess the condition of stator winding insulation of Ray power
plant generator, the charge and discharge currents flowing through machine ground wall
winding insulation are measured and analysed. Results from this test are approved by
partial discharge analysis of insulation.

61
 98-F-ELM-701

MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLING A SMALL

SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

Hassan Sohrab Amini Mehdi Emad Sharifi Mehdi

Kazempour Liasi1 Valashani1
Aghaamini 1
Ghazvini1 Amerian2
1- Niroo Research Institute
2-Turbo Generator Co.
IRAN

Key words: Small Synchronous Generator, Manufacturing Procedure, Manufacturing and

Assembling, Test

Abstract:
Small synchronous generators are used as electric energy sources in far off regions and
emergency purposes and based on lower installation cost, easier maintenance and operation
and higher efficiency have more importance among other small generations, the other hand
special structure of the generator and material and geometrical sensitivities of some of parts
such as rotor and stator has high lighted in manufacturing procedure so that for having
better performance, lifetime and strength, it is necessary to select and manufacturing
essential parts of the generator more accurately. In this paper after presenting the design
and analysis (electromagnet and mechanic algorithms shortly), specifications of a prototype
is presented and then manufacturing procedure of parts is described. finally results of
performance tests is presented and described.

62
 98-F-ELM-738

PRECISE MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF INDUCTANCES OF

INDUCTION MACHINES UNDER DIFFERENT
NONUNIFORMITY CONDITIONS

Hamid Reza Akbari Rokenabadi, Homayoun Meshgin-Kelk, and Jafar Milimonfared

Amirkabir University of Technology
Tehran-Iran

Key Words: Inductance calculation, nonuniformity, induction machine, winding function approach.

Abstract
This paper presents a precise model for calculation of induction machine inductances under
different nonuniformity conditions. Then functions of the air-gap length and the mean
radius, which express the geometrical model of the machine, under different eccentric,
bent-rotor and misalignment conditions are presented and inductances in these conditions
are calculated. Also effects of stator and rotor slots, rotor skewing and several rotor
asymmetries on inductances in these conditions are shown.

63
 98-F-ENV-418

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF ENERGY RECOVERY

POLICY AT POWER GENERATION FACILITIES BASED ON
SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS

M. M. Ardehali
Power and Energy Management Division, Department of Electrical Engineering,
Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Iran

A. Adham
Energy Systems Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
KN Toosi University of Technology, Iran

Key Words: Energy recovery, Power generation, Mathematical Analysis, Environmental Costs,
Minimization

Abstract
The society success for achieving a sustainable development can be accomplished through
access to abundant and available energy resources for fulfillment of the current and future
needs. For this purpose, governments establish energy sector policies that are based on
entropy economics and simultaneously account for social conditions, economic variables,
and technical aspects. The quantification of the established policies can be made possible
through mathematical modeling and solution of related equations. Because electricity is a
highly efficient resource at the end-use, the energy recovery policies can only be applied at
the supply level, i.e., power generation facilities. In this study, a mathematical model is
developed to establish the energy recovery policies at power generation facilities and
analyzed with considerations for the noted constraints. The resulting relations describe
how energy recovery is affected by various modeling parameters. The results show that
energy recovery rate is a function of total energy consumption, total wasted energy,
unrecoverable wasted energy, and recovered energy.

64
 98-F-ENV-456

OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURE OF DUST COLLECTORS IN

POWER PLANT BY CYCLONE SEPARATORS

Mojtaba Borjali 1, Mohammad Javadi 2

1- Mashhad Generation Management Co

2- Ferdowsi university of mashhad – 91775-1111
IRAN

Key Words: Two phase flow, Bag filters, Cyclone, Dust collection efficiency

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is evaluation of using cyclone separators instead bag filter in the
power plants for cleaning inlet air to gas turbine. Thus in this paper, the numerical
modeling of the fluid flow and particle dynamics in cyclone investigated. The governing
fluid flow equations, along the ASM turbulent model equation, are solved using the control
volume approach and SIMPLER algorithm. Particle tracking technique is used to track the
motion of the particles in the cyclone. The result show the important effect of cone
dimension on collection efficiency and pressure drop of cyclones. The comparison of
numerical result with experimental measurement shows good agreement. Calculation of
efficiency and pressure drop of cyclone, shows that we can use cyclones instead bag filters
for separation of particle greater than 5 micron.

65
 98-F-ENV-462

POLLUTION MEASUREMENT BASED ON DDG METHOD IN

SPECIAL REGION OF IRAN

M.R.Shariati , M.A.Talebi 1, M.Rezaei1 , D.Mohammadi , M.H. Beheshti

2
1 1
1. Niroo Research Institute
2. Tavanir Organisation

IRAN

Key words : Pollution- High Voltage Insulators- DDG- ESDD- NSDD- Site Pollution Severity

Abstract:
High voltage insulators are exposed to various climates. The sever environmental condition
and pollution degree effects on insulators and worsens the situation for T&D network.
Iranian Southern Provinces are one of the sever environmental condition, particulary in
regions close to Persian Gulf & Oman Sea and the same for region close to Orumiyeh lake-
with area greater than 4820 km2 and region close to Caspian Sea with respect to pollution
often affect the dielectric performance and reliability of stations & H.V. lines.
Operational history in Regional Electric Companies in Southern of IRAN indicates that
inspite of frequent performance of maintenance procedure, i.e. washing there are a lots of
problems regarding to insulation.
In this research 105 test station were installed in Khoozestan, Azarbayejan, Mazandaran,
Gilan, Hormozgan, Booshehr, Sistan & Baloochestan with periodically measurement of
ESDD and NSDD edequate criteria for pollution is obtained.
And also for the first time in IRAN 105 DDG were installed and the results were compared
with international standards.

66
 98-F-ENV-469

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT OF FEASIBLE

POWER CAPACITY FOR INSTALLATION IN “MASHHAD”
LANDFILL BY PURPOSE OF LANDFILL GAS(LFG) UTILIZATION

Mehrdad Adl1 , Shahriar Bozorgmehri1

Jafar Mohammadnejad2 , Behrooz BoghlanDashti2
1-Renewable Energy Department , Energy & Environment Research Center, NRI
2- Renewable Energy Organization of Iran(SUNA), Biomass Dept.
Iran

keywords: Landfill , Electrical Power, Biogas, Gas Generation Modelling

Abstract
The estimation of installable power capacity in “Mashhad” Landfill by using a
combination of theoretical methods and field investigations, is the subject of this paper.
The main target is assessment and feasibility study of electricity generation from “waste-
degradation” derived biogas to achieve useful energy, as well as reduction of methane
emission to atmosphere(which is 21 times more destructive than carbon dioxide).
Theoretical estimation of feasible electrical power depends on estimation of Landfill
Gas(LFG) production flow rate and it’s variations during the coming years after waste
disposal.Mathematical modelling has been applied to prediction of LFG generation pattern
by using the most appropriate equations which are obtained from scientific references.
Calculations has been conducted through a simple computational program. Moreover, a
comparison has been made between the results of above mentioned model and results of
GasSim model running, as well as results obtained from field measurments in Mashhad
landfill. The calculations were conducted for landfilling cells in which, solid wastes of
recent years (since 6 years ago) have been burried. The results imply that LFG generation
in Mashhad Landfill is maximized in about 2 years after landfill closure and decreases to
very few amount after 50 years. The yield of LFG for Mashhad solid wastes has been
estimated as 183 to 238 Nm3 per ton of waste(wet).The confidential power capacity which
can be achievable until 2016, is estimated up to 157 kWe according to existing conditions in
the field.

67
 98-F-ENV-581

AN INTRODUCTION TO LIGHT POLLUTION AND THE

PROTECTION OF THE NIGHT ENVIRONMENT

M. Damghanian, M. F. Hanifi, Z. Hessari

Noorgostar Co. Ltd.
IRAN

Keywords: Light Pollution - Night Sky- Energy Saving

Abstract:
Light pollution as a silent enemy has stolen our dark and stellar nights. Abuse of artificial
lighting as one of the greatest man kind achievements, has caused vast ecological side
effects and also is the cause of many mental diseases and car accidents resulting physical
defects. Some countries have recognized necessity of fighting against light pollution and
using their experiences, we should also try to get involved in this universal movement to
protect our night environment and more important, to save the balance of nature. Study of
what other countries have done, what our situation in light pollution is, what we can do to
reduce light pollution in our country, and most significant, trying to catch the attention to
this important subject are what we have offered in this article.

68
 98-F-ENV-620

EFFECT OF POWER LINES MAGNETIC FIELDS ON

PERIPHERAL MOTOR NERVE

Mehrad.H-M.M.Hosseinian Zakariia
Islamic Azad university of Tabriz
Iran

Keywords: ELF, peripheral motor nerve, power lines

Abstract:
Regarding the increasing development of power lines transformation in the world and
inevitable radiation exposure of stuffs of power plants and electrical distribution networks
due to magnetic radiations this lines, there for investigating. The effect of these magnetic
fields on characteristics and function of various tissues of human body especially nervous
system in the view point of the health care of these personels, is necessary. Based on this
demand, we provide a study on the investigating effect of these power lines magnetic fields
on peripheral motor nerves latency.
In this study the effect of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) with frequency of 50 HZ and
the power of 10 mT the latency of peripheral motor nerve of median in 50 healthy subjects
(by putting their left wrist between two coils of helmholtes before exposure and after
exposure to the magnetic field. By recording with stimulatory and electromyography
devices.
The assay of EMG curves results, indicate that the exposure of magnetic field causes a
significant (p<0.05) decrease in latency of median nerve in 84% of subjects. Decreasing in
latency may be due to the electrical current induction effects of ELF fields. The results
indicate that ELF fields have exitability effect on peripheral motor nerves.

69
 98-F-EPG-149

REVIEW CAUSE PEEL LOAD GEAR BOX PINION SHAFT

JOURNAL BEARING

G.H.EHTESHAMZADEH -- H.JAFARI
KHORASAN REGIONAL ELECTRIC CO.
G.P.P. -- GHAEN GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

KEY WORD: OIL FILM - JOURNAL BEARING – HYDRODYNAMICS – PINION SHAFT

Abstract:
Bearing are important simples machines. Duty this components is that forces execute at
surfaces components toward them mover with least friction and extent without abrasion
transfer .This duty from way individoul surfaces situated at touch place is possible . Units
Hitachi load gear box pinion shaft journal bearings are faulty bearings from type
hydrodynamics with circle section.
In this article at first describe journal bearing working mechanism and effect bearing
clearance on action tell and apropos tell losses friction and fine least oil layer thickness and
tell causes effective at peel babit bearings.
At the end of present suggestion to prevention from making upset and tell that’s effect on
rate vibration and voice gear box.

70
 98-F-EPG-187

REVIEW OF DESIGN & PERFORMANCE CALCULATION OF

SH.M.MONTAZERI P.P.COOLING TOWER

M.Ghalamchi
Moshanir
Tehran-Iran

Key words : Design, Performance, Cooling Tower, Power Plant

Abstract:
The present paper has been drawn up by implementing new experimental rules of E.G.I
(ver. 1994). For the purpose of review & assessment of correct design calculations of
cooling towers, phase 1 of Sh.M.Montazeri power plant.
The paper continues with calculation of cooling tower performance ofter instollation and
commissioning of units.

71
 98-F-EPG-383

VIBRATION OF THE LIVE STEAM PRESSURE TRANSMITTER

LINE OF TOOS POWER PLANT

J. Rezaeepazhand , H. Sabouri , M. K. Gogharian

Key words: piping system, force and free vibration, vibration control, Finite element method.

Abstract:
The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of applying finite
element method for stabilizing/reducing the motion and vibration of complex piping
systems. Vibration of curved pipes(complex piping systems) has been the subject of
increasing attention in current engineering practice especially in power plants. Due to
complexity of these piping systems, there are no general analytical methods for solving
these types of systems. Since most existing vibrating piping systems has poor or loose
support arrangements, improving the supporting system is chosen as the main tool to
control the vibration of these systems.
Based on results presented here, by changing the support arrangement, vibration response
of a complex piping system can be improved significantly.

72
 98-F-EPG-450

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF REHEAT GAS TURBINE

CYCLE WITH STEAM INJECTION

K. Sarabchi & M. Kargar

Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Tabriz
Tabriz- iran

Abstract
Advanced gas turbine cycles having higher efficiencies and lower emissions will probably
have a distinguished role in power generation in future. Steam injection in gas turbine cycle
increases both specific net work and efficiency. Also using reheat combustion chamber
improves the performance of gas turbine considerably. In this paper a combined use of
steam injection and reheating in gas turbine cycle were investigated and compared to
simple, steam injection, and reheat cycles. This research shows that reheat gas turbine cycle
with steam injection achieves considerably a higher efficiency and specific work comparing
to steam injection and reheat cycles.

73
 98-F-EPG-527

FAILURE ANALYSIS OF AIR HEATER GEAR TEETH

OF A POWER PLANT

Dr. S. E. Mousavi and Eng. Y. Haseli

Failure Analysis Lab.,
Power and Water Institute of Technology,
Tehran, Iran.

Key words: Gear, Crippling, Hardness, Tooth Profile, Surface Fatigue

ABSTRACT
Air heater gears of a power plant, made of AISI 5135 steel, are gradually damaged. The
function of the gear, which has 28 tooth, is power transmission to the air heater rotor which
contained 360 pin assembled around it. Because of low surface durability of the gear tooth,
damage is occurred in the abrasion and crippling type due to meshing of teeth and pins. The
mechanical design of the gear tooth is checked according to the BS and AGMA standards.
It is seen that the hardness and dimensions (profile) of the tooth are not proper for the
available alternative bearing stresses. In regards of engagement between teeth and pins, the
tooth profile should be selected in Sprocket type. However, no corresponding standard is
used for its design. The research result shows that increasing of both the tooth surface
hardness and the case depth and correcting the tooth profile are necessary to improve the
endurance life of the specimen. In addition, adjusting of the gear system in correct way is
suggested.

74
 98-F-EPG-553

TECHNO – ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY IN POWER PLANT

PROJECTS; VISIONS & SOLUTIONS

H.R.Sadri A.Adibfar J.Sayad P.Hamidi

Iran Power Plant Project Management Co. (MAPNA)
Tehran – Iran

Key Words: Feasibility, Power Plant, Techno – Economic, Financial Model

Abstract:
This article presents the method of preparing a Techno Economic Feasibility Report
(TEFR) for constructing a power plant. This method which has been developed out of the
experiences of its authors in the field of power generation and similar worldwide practices,
analyzes the financial and technical aspects of a project prior to the construction phase. In
this regard, needs and justifications for the project shall be considered in the first step, and
subsequently, the required characteristics for the site location are analyzed. Based on the
existing data and the experiences obtained from earlier projects, all the required mechanical
and electrical equipments shall be selected. Afterwards, the overall civil volumes of the
project would be calculated, considering the selected mechanical and electrical systems.
The resulted information would then be used as the input data for the financial model.
Finally, taking into consideration the project costs and the technical and financial
conditions, the total cost of the project, cost in Euro/kW, and the different scenarios for
tariff shall be computed by means of the financial model.

75
 98-F-EPG-779

EVALUATING THE GAS INJECTION INTO THE INLET AIR

OF A DUAL-FUEL DIESEL-GENERATOR

Shahram Lotfi
Matn Co. Power plant Dept.
P.O. Box: 14665-1344
Tehran - Iran
[email protected]

Key words: Dual-Fuel, Diesel-Generator, Gas Injection, CFD, Turbulent

Abstract
Converting the heavy – duty Diesel-generators to dual fuel engines, reduces not only the
costs of the electricity production, also eliminates considerably the polutions of these
engines. For enhancing the performance of dual-fuel engines, it is necessary to prime the
engine with as uniform mixture of air-gas as posssible. Therefore, air flow behavior inside
the air-manifold of a Diesel-generator is investigated using computational fluid dynamics
methods, and by evaluating the vortex motions of airflow entering the hose of the
cylinder’s air valves, proper points of gas injection are selected.

76
 98-E-EPG-804

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONS OF COOLING TOWERS

USING CABLE NETS

A.Taheri Moghaddam S.Ardabili

MATN Co. N.R.I
Industrial Structures Dept. Structures Research Group

Keywords: Cooling Towers, Cable nets

Abstract
Cooling Towers in are used in thermal power plants to exchange the excessive heat to the
atmosphere properly.
They are classified into two types of wet and dry cooling towers according to their method
of operation. Dry cooling towers are more expensive than net ones. They are used in
countries where consuming of water must be based on a careful management due to
limitations and in areas where necessary water for Cooling process in not available.
Dry cooling towers are usually constructed in form of thin walled concrete shells or steel
lattices.
In this paper another type of cooling tower structure, which is a guyed cable net, is
introduced and its method of analysis and design is studied.
An existing steel cooling tower is also compared with a cable net tower with same
geometry, which is designed in this study.

77
 98-F-EPG-807

THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL STUDY OF MEDIA

EVAPORATING COOLERS IN FARS COMBINED CYCLE POWER
PLANT AND PRESENTATION OF PERFORMANCE TEST RESULTS

Mohammad Ameri, Hamid Reza Shahbazian, Hadi Hosseinzadeh & Morteza

Nabizadeh
Combined Heat & Power Specialized Unit (CHP)
Power Plant Engineering Department
Power & Water University of Technology (PWUT)

Key word: gas turbine, inlet air cooling, evaporating cooling, media system

Abstract
The ambient temperature influences the output power of gas turbines a great deal. In fact,
the increase of inlet air temperature by 1oC will decrease the output power by 0.7 percent
roughly. One of the suitable methods of inlet air-cooling is evaporating cooling, which is
appropriate for warm and dry ambient conditions. Since most of gas turbines in Iran are
installed in such areas, this method can be applied to enhance the performance of those gas
turbines. In this paper the methods of gas turbine inlet air-cooling for the Fars power plant
are introduced and the media evaporating cooling system is selected. This system is
designed, manufactured and installed in the power plant by a foreign contractor. The results
of performance tests show that after operating the media cooling system in summer 2004
the mean output power of gas and steam turbines is increased by 11MW (14.5 percent) and
2.1 MW (2.6 percent) respectively.

78
 98-E-EPG-825

MODELLING THE INTERACTION OF AIR CUSHIONING &

UNSTABLE SURGE IN FRANCIS TURBINE DURING LOAD
REJECTION

Y. Asadi-Khiavi1
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Electrical Engineering Services Company(MOSHANIR)

KEYWORDS: Load Rejection, Francis Turbine, Unstable Surge, Tailrace Tunnel, Draught Tube

ABSTRACT
During the full load rejection test of francis turbine in hydroelectric power plant the
negative pressure in draught tube lower than the permissible limit can be appeared. Also in
the hydroelectric power plants with long tailrace tunnel the unstable surge can be appeared
in draught tube. The physics of this Phenomenon is explained in this paper and it is showed
that the equations of classic theories of water hammer are not true for analysis of the said
phenomenon and based on fundamentals of applied thermofluids, a new model is
constructed and introduced. The full load rejection test to be performed according to the
recommendation and instruction based on test simulation report. Subject to to inefficiency
of the instruction of the turbine’s manufacturer, the optimized method for closing of the
guide vanes during load rejection test to be specified at site by adjustment of governor.
There are few softwares for simulation of load rejection test. One of these programms is
computer program of SIPROHS which has been written by the university of stuttgart in
Germany based on the order from Voith Company. If the load rejection tests performed
after simulation and adjustments based on new closing laws and the measurement results
showed that the unstable surge problem is still remaining, the air injection to draught tube
to be done for reducing the surge intensity. The reason of the difference between the classic
simulation values and the test values is incapability of the classic Softwares(e.g. SIPROHS)
in modeling of the occurred unstable surge phenomena in draught tube connected to long
tailrace tunnel. The interaction of admitted air cushioning and unstable surge is modeled
based on physics of phenomenon.
1
Senior Mech. Engr.

79
 98-F-HVS-167

THE H.V SUBSTATIONS OF SISTAN & BALOCHESTAN

PROVINCE DURING HEAVY STORM CONDITION

A.A.Madjidi
Moshanir Co.
Islamic Republic of IRAN

Keywords: HV Substation, Outdoor Panels, Storm

Abstract:
In Zabol one of the Sistan and Balochestan Province city the heavey Storm cause lots of
problem on HV substation during power delivery.
The dust due to heavy winds in the area forms a layer on all the equipments and it will
affect the mechanical and electrical operation of the apparatus.
The operational signals of control equipments due to the dust on their contacts can not be
send or receive. This will reduce the reliability of interlocking condition, bypass the
protection system by using C.B in local position signal and raises the temperature of
apparatus which will affect the stability and reduce the reliability of network. The operators
complain about this equipment has been reached.
Due to these problems the dusting of substation’s equipment will be less than one mounth
and the C.B operation will be affected and it may cause some events for the operator &
equipment in substation.
After investigation regarding this type of substation to over come the above problem some
sugestion and suitable solution from most of manufucturers and electric industry standard
has been purposed.
In this paper, substation in operation has been considerd and solution in two parts has been
suggested for the provinces which will be affected by heavy winds. The reliability of
network can be increased and the affect of heavy winds in such provinces can be reduced
by suggested methods.

80
 98-F-HVS-221

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE APPLICATION OF FAULT

CURRENT LIMITER AT EXTRA-HIGH VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION OF IRAN’S ELECTRIC NETWORK

Hamid Javadi Iman Rahmati Abbas Akhavan

Electrical Engineering Department
Power and water University of Technology

Keyword: Short Circuit Current, Fault Current Limiter, Splitting of Buses

Abstract:
One of the problems related to the growth of the transmission and distribution of electrical
energy system is the fast increase in the short circuit level. This increase causes the increase
in electrodynamics forces, transient over voltages and temperature rise of equipment. It also
causes the decrease in reliability of electrical network when the faults occur. To solve these
problems, in literature, several methods for solution of this problem have been proposed
and introduced as the fault current limiting devices.
In this paper, the classical methods used for reducing fault current and the samples of their
applications in several countries is firstly described. Then, the extra high voltage electrical
network of Iran is analyzed and the necessity of using fault current limier in Iran’s network
is secondly observed. And finally the method of splitting of buses is applied to reduce the
fault current in high voltage substation with critical status.
The obtained results of short circuit study of the recent network of Iran shows the fault
current are normally less than the nominal value of circuit breaker. But in the future
networks of Iran considered for the year 2011, the fault currents increase largely and they
reach to more than 50 kA in several high voltage substation. For this cause the single and
three-phase fault current study for all high voltage substations with the short circuit current
more than 30 kA is precisely analyzed and the distribution of fault current is determined.
From this analyze it can be evidently seen that the Phirouzbahram high voltage substation
and some other ones will have serious problem for interrupting the fault current. In this
regard for reducing the fault current, the method of splitting buses of these substations is
observed and the fault currents are determined. The obtained results present that the fault
current which will be equal to 52 kA at Phirouzbahram high voltage substation will change
to 38 kA. Application of this method causes an important decreasing in the fault current and
can be effectively used after load flow and stability studies of Iran’s network.

81
 12-E-HVS-345

MEASURING OF CORONA DISCHARGE INCEPTION VOLTAGE

TO DETERMINE ELECTRIC FIELD OVER THE NON-
HOMOGENOUS ELECTRODES IN THE AIR INSULATION

Hamid JAVADI* and Masoud FARZANEH

NSERC / Hydro-Quebec / UQAC Industrial Chair on Atmospheric Icing of Power

Network Equipment (CIGELE) and Canada Research Chair on Engineering of Power
Network Atmospheric Icing (INGIVRE),
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada, G7H 2B1
*On leave from the Power and Water Institute of Technology (PWIT), Tehran, Iran

Keywords: Electric field, corona discharge, finite-element, modeling, high voltage

Abstract:
Most high voltage devices require a sound geometric design to reduce the risk of corona
discharge. This type of discharge induces radio interference, power losses, and may
sometimes lead to flashover arcs on the equipment on which the device is installed. The
effect of corona discharge is more pronounced under rain, snow, or freezing precipitation
conditions. Corona discharge and radio interference generated in high voltage substations
and on transmission lines can cause problems with the reception of radio communication
equipment, and also adversely affect the performance of power line carrier signals. Some
investigations on corona discharge were carried out using several inter-electrode distances
and two values of high voltage electrode-point radii in order to determine electric field
strength but the precise determination and measurement of electric filed in high voltage
equipment is still the subject of recent researches. The main objective of this paper is to
determine the electric field strength based on corona discharge inception.
Breakdown voltage in one centimeter air insulation is nearly 32 kV depending on the
atmospheric conditions. Electric field distributions in most electrode systems are normally
non-uniform, causing a relatively low inception voltage of corona discharge. Since the
bright spots of corona discharge are visible and the spikes on the waveform of current at
this instant of applied voltage are measurable, these factors are used for determining the
electric field. The experimental set up and the methodology for measuring the electric field
in highly non-uniform distributions is described and the results are discussed and compared
with the electric field strengths obtained by several relations for very sharp-tipped high
voltage electrodes.
The electric field is measured for several inter-electrode distances and two values of high
voltage electrode-point radii. The results confirm that the electric fields obtained using the
finite element method is very close to those of experiments. Also, the electric field
determined by the relation used by EPRI is closer to the experimental results, compared to
other equations. This comparison is clearly valid for highly non-uniform electric field
distributions.

82
 12-E-HVS-347

V-I CHARACTERISTIC OF SNOW AND ITS ELECTRICAL

BEHAVIOR UNDER HIGH ALTERNATING VOLTAGE

Hamid JAVADI*, Masoud FARZANEH, & Hossein HEMMATJOU

NSERC / Hydro-Quebec / UQAC Industrial Chair on Atmospheric Icing of Power
Network Equipment (CIGELE) and Canada Research Chair on Engineering of Power
Network Atmospheric Icing (INGIVRE),
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada, G7H 2B1

Keyword: snow, v-i characteristic, non-linear resistance, flashover voltage

Abstract;
Ice and snow accumulation on high voltage transmission lines may cause mechanical
damage to towers and conductors, and increase the corona power losses of overhead lines.
In addition, due to damage caused by galloping or steel jump, a number of short-circuits
and outages of power systems, have been reported. Another major problem under these
conditions is insulator flashover, which has been studied to some extent by researchers in
several countries. A number of worthwhile experimental investigations have helped further
knowledge on the effects of snow parameters on the critical flashover voltage of insulators
and have led to the proposal of several mitigation methods. A review of most of the
investigations in this field was reported in recent publications by IEEE and CIGRE Task
Forces. In spite of a good number of valuable investigations, these reviews revealed the
necessity of further fundamental and comprehensive research on the physics of arc and its
behavior on ice surfaces and inside snow.
This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the electrical behavior of snow-
covered equipment. From the V-I characteristics of snow, as determined in this study, it
was found that the voltage across snow and the current through it are almost in the same
phase, within 2 degrees. This means that an insulator covered with snow acts as a pure
resistance. Indeed, the capacitive impedance of an insulator in parallel with snow resistance
at 60 Hz power frequency is very large, and therefore may be neglected. The resistance of
snow is not linear, as it decreases as the voltage across it increases. Based on the results, a
mathematical model allowing simulating the electrical behavior of snow is introduced.

83
 98-F-HVS-416

EFFECTS OF CLIMATIC VERIATION ON POLLUTION DEPOSIT

ON ELECTRIC INSULATION AND RELATED FAILURES

1 1 2 3
M. Rezaei – M.R.Shariati – M.A.Talebi – F.Daneshvar

(1) NRI –Niroo Research Institute

(2) IUST-Iran University of Science and Technology
(3) HDEC-Hormozgan Distribution Electric Co.
IRAN

Key Words : Environmental Conditions- Insulation -ESDD-NSDD-Operation Experience

Abstract :
Pollution deposit on electric insulation system of T&D networks in south part if Iran near
the coast of Persian golf and Oman sea is the major reason of insulation faults in these
areas. severity of Desert-Coastal pollution level and severe climatic condition i.e. long dry
period ,high degree of thermal-humidity combination ,sea-born wind blowing and frequent
dew formation during the year, make the pollution layer of insulators wet. this phenomena
with forming a conductive route causes passing the leakage current which will lead to the
flashover occurrence finally.
By determination of maximum pollution severity on insulation systems in 20 test station
which installed in different parts of Hormozgan province and with analyzing the
adaptability of test result with environmental parameters variation including dry period
length ,max. temperature ,relative humidity, No. of days with sand storm, No. of days with
haze ,vapor pressure and dominated wind direction of region it was found out that there
would be a correlation between the rate of pollution deposit , environmental parameters
variation and fault numbers which can be simulated by statistical analysis and neural
systems. The local exploitation experience and fault analysis confirm this phenomena .
In this paper the result of research and discussion regard to above mentioned concepts, has
been presented.

84
 98-F-HVS-586

TECHNICAL & ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF USING

SILICONE RUBBER RTV COATING FOR H.V. SUBSTATION IN
POLLUTED AREA

M.A.Talebi1, A.Gholami1, M.R.Shariati2, G.Alizade3

1. Iran University of Science and Technology

2. Niroo Research Institute
3. Hormozgan Region Electric Company

Key Words : H.V. Substation, Pollution, Maintenance, Silicone Rubber Coating, RTV

Abstract :
High voltage insulators have to be used as insulating supporters in various environments in
polluted area. The electrical performance of insulators will be degraded. The polluted
insulators will have over withstand voltage, flashover can occur easily when the air
becomes wet by humidity or fog, which affects on the reliability of the power systems.
In order to define effective counter measures against pollution flashovers there are
conventional methods such as periodically water washing and also using silicone grease for
insulation. Water washing of insulators which is normally recommended so as to remove
the pollution from the insulator surface needs to be done more frequently than other
maintenance methods. Though involves some limitation in practice from the technical and
economical point of view.
Applying of silicon grease on insulators with high cost of performance, also is not
recommended for use in an environment where high level of NSDD pollution is present.
In this paper room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber coating have been
presented as a novel approach for improvement of outdoor substation insulators
maintenance in polluted area. This method can be used in areas characterized with
“Instantaneous pollution” and or with “High or Low level of NSDD” with long life
expectancy. Financial analysis shows that this method is also economic and optimal choice.

85
 98-F-HVS-627

FOR THE BAM EARTHQUAKE

Homayoon Tavana
Farasakht Company
Tehran, Iran

Key words: Earthquake, high voltage substations

Abstract :
Considering, the behavior of high voltage (H.V) substations in world recent earthquakes
and, enormous studies on dynamic characteristics of H.V. Equipment has made a consensus
among the concerning parties about the need for new specification for Seismic design of
these important life lines. Numerous publications have been published in Japan &
California about this matter so the writer and Farasakht Co. are going to share some of
these publications & experiences with other colleagues. till now , the connection between
high voltage equipment (e.g. cables , bus bars )have been ignored , dynamic behavior of
porcelain parts is neglected , seismic behavior of relays have been forget , … so there is a
lot of unpredicted behavior and failures in H.V substations during earthquakes , the Bam &
manjil earthquakes are two witnesses for above mentioned realities . So Bam earthquake
triggered us to publish some of these facts in this article for having a review in earthquake
design specifications & help to prevent probable future losses.

86
 98-F-HVS-696

PERFORMANCE AND ADVANTAGES OF RTV SILICON

RUBBER COATINGS ON CERAMIC INSULATORS

Mahnaz Shariati (1), Mohammad. E. Ebrahimi (1,2), Anahit Raygani (2)

1. Islamic Azad University (Science &Research), 2. Islamic Azad University (Saveh)

Keywords: Ceramic Insulators, Silicon Rubber, RTV Coating , Contamination, Hydrophobicity,

Leakage Current.Abstract

Abstract :
Some Consideration is necessary for producing or performance an insulators:

1) Material properties
2) High performance in contaminated area.
3) Cost

Ceramic Insulators, especially porcelains and glasses still are economic and suitable types
of insulators in different climatic conditions in Iran. These insulators are widely used in
transmission and distribution lines. There are several reports about failures of the insulators
in humid and contaminated areas. An effective technique for improving of the performance
of insulators is: applying RTV silicon rubber on insulator surface as a periodic
maintenance. RTV coatings now have more than experience and development in high
voltage lines. In most contaminated regions, the coatings may be resist for a period of 10
years, without additional maintenance services. If the periodic washing be necessary for the
coatings, the period is considerably longer.
The results show that the presence of RTV coating can be tend to improve flash-over
voltage, improve in hydrophobicity property, and prevent of leakage current. Applying the
coating on porcelain or glass insulators is a best solution in contamination problem.

87
 98-F-HVS-702

INVESTIGATION OF MUTUAL EFFECT OF

FERRORESONANCE OVERVOLTAGES AND ZNO SURGE
ARRESTERS USING EMTP

M. Morady A.Gholami
Iran Transformer Research Institute Iran University Of science and Technology
(ITRI) (IUST)

Key Words: Ferroresonace, Surge Arrester, EMTP

Abstract :
Ferroresonace overvoltages are dangerous to power system equipments, especially surge
arresters. This equipment is very sensitive to ferroresonance overvoltages and in some
cases fail. This paper attempt to discuss different behaviors of this equipment exposed to
Ferroresonance and its effect on ferroresonance overvoltages through simulations run by
the authors. Simulations performed by EMTP (Electromagnetic Transient Program).

88
 98-F-HVS-809

ELECTRO-THERMAL MODELING OF ZNO SURGE

ARRESTER

Ali Goudarzi , Hosein Mohseni

High voltage laboratory of
TEHRAN University

Keywords:ZnO surge arrester, IEEE model, Electro-thermal model ,over voltage ,run heating

Abstract:
Metal oxide surge arrester (MOSA) is widely used for limiting of transient over voltages
with absorbing their energy. Temperature and heat loss of ZnO varistors have great role in
performance of arrester and may cause electro-thermal stress, increase of leakage current
and run heating phenomenon.
Electro-thermal model in a uniform include perfect electrical model against transient over
voltages, behavior of varistor with temperature and heat transfer modeling of arrester.
This paper consider above matters and draft a electro thermal model and applies it for a
station class surge arrester for simulation of thermal stability test according standard test.

89
 98-F-HVS-811

SHIELDING ATTENUATION MEASUREMENT FOR HIGH

VOLTAGE CABLE LABORATORY

Hosein Mohseni , Ali Goudarzi

High voltage laboratory
University of Tehran

Key Words : Partial discharge; H.V. Cable; Shielding; High voltage laboratory

Abstract:
Partial discharge (Pd) test is a very important standard test, which has many benefits and
usages such as, insulation quality, aging estimation, fault locating and analyzing cause of
fault from Pd pattern.
Partial discharges generate very week voltage signal that maybe smaller than environment
noise, so test place must be clean from electrical noise.
Metallic shielding in form of Faraday cage is one method to decrease the outer radiated
noise.
Authors applied simple method to attenuation measurement of shielding for high voltage
cable laboratory and have reported the results in this paper.

90
 98-F-ITP-344

ESTABLISHING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN

ESFAHAN REGIONAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

S_mohseni,F_eghtedarnia,A_rafie,B_amiri
Esfahan Regional Electric Company
IRAN

Keywords : geographic information system , Electrical industry,Transmission and subtransmission

information , data model.

Abstract:
The aim of this paper is the introduction of measures done in establishing the geographic
information system in Esfahan Regional Electric Company. After introduction some
explanation about necessary hardware have been presented . Then about preparing maps for
GIS use , definition of data model and the manner of collection attribut and spatial data
some discussion have been introduced . Also some of the written programs for planning ,
extension and operation of transmission and subtransmission networks have been explained
.In different parts of paper samples of captured data and same data collection obstacles for
use of other power companies and preventing them from doing parallel works have been
introduced .
For capturing spatial data a GPS with precision of 3 meters have been used . The selected
software is GEsmallworld 3.3. because its capabilities is preferable in comparison with
other software . In addition to its characteristic, support and availability of agency are the
main reasons for choosing this software . Other software like Autocad and Arcpad have
been used as an interface for transforming collected data to a recognizable file for
GEsmallworld . In addition three types of map with different precision have been prepared.

91
 98-F-ITP-494

OBSTACLES IN POWER INDUSTRY AND RELATED

DEVELOPMENT FOR SCENE

Author(s): AUAHDADI HASAN- Senior specialist of industrial engineering with

expertise in information resources management (IRM).
Moazami Khoosroo- Senior specialist of industrial engineering with
expertise in information resources management (IRM).
Power Ministry- Khorasan GT’s Power Generation Managing Company.
- Office of Management information
- Tavanir Company Department Of IT
Islamic Republic of Iran

Key Words:Envelopment guide information Technology process Electric budget and credits outlook.

Abstract
Information Technology and its benefits has been variously utilized in Electrical industries
for four-decades. However with worldwide progression in Technologies and speed of these
changes in recent years, Tavanir company have been organized different department such
as “Management Information Resource Deputy and similar “IT” department in other sub
Companies.
In spite, a great deal of effort. Made in this field, a desirable result has not been achieved
yet.
The followings would be the major reasons:
1. Lack of attention. Paid, to human resources in the field.
2. Specified budget shortage and poor supervision on the related Cost and expenses (except
2 Past years).
3. Extensive and continual changes in management systems and weak Organizational
structure of IT.
4. Nonexistence of sharp, clear, operative and efficient system.
5. Impatience and Ignorance of top managers
6. …. and many others.
In this paper, two first reasons and all actions and efforts for two last years have been
analytically in view.
We hope these steps will be towards progression and the achievement of goals in the field
of Information Technology challenge(s) of information Technology in the Electric
industries & development outlooks.

92
 98-F-ITP-623

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SPATIAL DATA

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY

Hamid Ebadi, Salman Ahmadi, Mohammad Karimi,

Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Eng. K.N.Toosi University of Technology

Nahid Nikpour
Tavanir Inc.

Key words: Electrical Industry, GIS, Conceptual Model, Standard , Database, Guidelines

Abstract
Geographical Information System (GIS), as a technology and science for management of
spatial information, can be efficiently used as a Decision Support System for optimum
management of resources. Due to the country-wide geographical expansion of features of
electrical industry and their relations with other topographical features, GIS can be
efficiently used to optimize operations of electrical industry such as high voltage power
networks.
In the studying phase of Electrical Industry Geographic Information System (EIGIS)
project, spatial data infrastructure were prepared according to the needs of electrical
industry users. This infrastructure includes identification and feasibility studies of user
needs, conceptual model, standard of geographical database, and series of guidelines.
In this phase, spatial and attribute information required for GIS as well as the scales of map
databases were determined with emphasis on the special needs of electrical industry users
in the areas of high voltage power networks. In order to design and implement an
appropriate spatial data infrastructure, standard of geographical database and series of
guidelines for production, updating, editing, cartography, and quality control of spatial data
were produced.
In studying phase, appropriate hardware and software environments for EIGIS were also
selected according to the user needs. This paper describes the results of EIGIS project in
details.

93
 98-F-ITP-659

IMPLEMENTATION OF A DATA ACQUIRING AND SAVING

SYSTEM BY PDA2, IN ORDER FOR LOG SHEET OMISSION,
AND DATA ANALYZER SOFTWARE ON PC FOR A SAMPLE
POWER PLANT

Elham Sadeghian, Behrooz Nakhkoob

Power Plant Electric Systems Dept., Power Generation Research Center , Niroo
Research Institute
Iran

Key Words: Log Sheet, Data Logger, PDA, Data Analysis, Alarm, Trend, Power Plant

Abstract:
In many industrial centers like power plants, there isn't certainty in logging of all of the
signals and parameters, but also signals with high priorities are recorded. These data get
much importance in the case of occurring a fault in the systems. So there is a hand writing
method named log sheet writing for archiving these data in 1 or 2- hour time intervals,
daily. This way of data recording not only is time consuming, but also tends to some
difficulties in data analyzing, due to much signal numbers and time consuming data
extraction from huge archives.
The main objective of this article is omission of traditional log sheets and developing a
method for gathering the data with PDA and then finally transferring this data to a
computer for analyzing. Thus paper will be replaced by PDA, which is a set in the size of
small calculators. In this project two soft wares have been developed, which the first is
installed on the PDA as media for entering the data and saving in the text format in PDA
memory, and the latter is a windows based software named " Data Analyzer" which is
installed on a computer, for taking PDA data and analyzing.

2
Personal Digital Assistant

94
 98-F-ITP-840

AN EIS FOR MINISTRY OF ENERGY PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

Ali Azarkar – Farhad Nasrollahpour

Padidpardaz Engineering Company (PDP)-Iran Power Development Company (IPDC)

Keywords: Executive Information System, Project Management

Abstract:
This paper outlines the design of an EIS for project management at Ministry of Energy
(MoE). The purpose of this system is to satisfy top management information needs required
for making strategic decisions.
Current reporting systems at MoE, which must feed top management information, is
usually provided at tactical (operational) management level, and therefore, are not suited
for top management. Moreover, reports are prepared by different systems and so they can
not be accessed from single point. In addition, this may be a threat for providing
inconsistent reports and information to users. Information is about project details and
usually presents each individual project. While a top management is usually interested in
having a complete picture of undergoing projects (as a whole) and their related issues
(progress, problems, financial status, estimated finished date, etc.).
The ultimate goal of the system is to give top management signs and alarms of projects’
problems-the problems which may not be clearly defined and uncovered in traditional
reporting systems. Main function of system is based on gathering operation data of projects
and processes them to create strategic and informative data required for top management
decision making. This is done by using some statistical and analytic software components
in the system. The EIS is such designed to be Web-based; so, users can access the system
every time from everywhere. In other words, this EIS is the single point for accessing all
information about project across MoE. The system has a centralized database of project
information gathered during specified periods. This central database is, in fact, the focal
point of MoE projects’ data. Reports generated by the system were tried to be standard,
based on the well-known project management standard PMBOK.
The project operating environment will be Microsoft .NET framework. The project also
uses RUP for its software process. After doing some interviews, the project is now at the
end of inception phase and first version of vision artifact is released.

95
 98-F-LEM-182

INTERACTIVE STRATEGY FOR LOAD AND CONSUMPTION

MANAGEMENT IN INTERFACE LOOP BETWEEN POWER
SUPPLY AND DEMAND

Nader Banirad
West Azarbaijan Distribution Electric Company
Iran

Kay words : interface loop , interactive strategy , load management , consumption pattern

Abstract :
Nowadays , an important problem for managers of the power distribution companies is to
use an efficient strategy in the field of load management and power consumption . The
useful approach for power electric distribution companies demands interactive connections
in interface loop between supply and demand of electricity energy . So electric energy
management would be possible in the both side of supply and demand . Though the electric
power supplier is able to control how to supply it , it's necessary not to forget that the
consumer is able to select his own consumption behavior and the way how to build his
special consumption pattern too. So considering the load management and power energy
consumption from two different though complementary point of view can lead to use
interactive strategy to improve load curve in the supply side and elevation of power
consumption in the demand side . The logic conclusion of getting this strategy is to access
optional bidirectional companion in load management and power consumption . The main
purpose of this article is to describe " the interface loop between power supply and demand
" and enaction effectiveness intractional intractive connections of the that over effect load
and consumption management of electricity and to show this topic from that process sight
lecturer interactive concept of and crop result from pass search is take a genitor and this
operations to title one comprehensive approach , comprehension format and new , situated
useful for distribution electric companies of Iran .

96
 98-F-LEM-193

THE LABEL OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE

ELECTRICAL LAMPS IN IRAN

Dr. Reza Efat Nejad Mehdi Oloomi Hamid Reza Neysaz Dr. Seyed Mohammad
Faculty Member, Islamic Baygi Energy Efficiency Office, Sadegh Zadeh
Azad University, Karaj Faculty Member, Shahrood Office of Deputy for Faculty Member, Shahed
Branch University of Science Energy Affairs University
Iran Iran Ministry of Energy Iran
Iran

Key words: The intensity of the lighting, Lighting output, the lighting output of the base, Index of
Lamp Performance, Lighting Flux produced, The Input Power

Abstract:
The electrical lamps are among the equipments that have a high rate of consumption in
home, administrative, commercial, industrial and public sectors at the national level. Due to
the fact this tool is used mostly at the peak hours, it consumes a great part of the electrical
energy at the peak hours. In order to reduce the electrical energy consumption at the peak
hours, it is essential to use high output lamps instead of low output lamps. Therefore, it is
essential to have lamps with the label of energy consumption. In this paper, in order to label
the lamps, first an index was defined and then on the basis of that index, the lamps were
labeled.

97
 98-F-LEM-405

A NEW METHOD TO REDUCE UNBALANCE LOAD

DISADVANTAGES IN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL
DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Layaa Zahedi Mehdi S. Naderi G.B. Gharehpetian

Electrical Engineering Department – Amirkaber University of Tech.
Tehran – Iran

Key Words: Unbalance – Distribution Networks – Loss – Unbalance Index – Load Control

Abstract:
In distribution networks, most of residential and commercial loads are single phase loads,
so their connection is between single phase and null wire in 3ph – four wire distribution
networks. Usually number of loads on 3ph is not equal, and if so, because of different
electrical usage of single phase users, load distribution is not equal in 3ph. In this reason the
electrical distribution networks are unbalance, so there is a return current in null wire. It has
different disadvantages such as increasing loss in distribution networks, more warming of
3ph equipment, voltage reduction, flowing current in null wire (it is dangerous so), and
reduction in power electric quality. Especially in view of power quality criterions, it is
expressed as exiting from unbalancing index standard (ratio of zero component to positive
component). In this paper a new method is investigated to reduce unbalance index and of
course reduction of unbalance disadvantages. In this method number of loads on one feeder
are considered as control load. Controlling load will be switched between phases using a
control system. Goal function of control system is minimizing unbalance index in
distribution networks. Results shows that unbalance disadvantages will reduce, using
investigated load control system.

98
 98-F-LEM-583

IMPORTANCE AND NECESSITY OF COMPACT

FLUORESCENT LAMPS USE DEVELOPMENT

Z. Hessari, M. F. Hanifi
Noorgostar Co. Ltd.
IRAN

Keywords: CFL, economic saving, investment

Abstract:
Energy value and limited sources has made developed countries to utilize from all
economic energy saving facilities. One of these solutions is replacement of incandescent
lamps by CFLs. Available documents and information shows in 2000 an estimated 1300
million CFLs in use roughly 20000 megawatts of electricity instead of the about 80000
megawatts needed to run the same number of incandescent lamps. The electricity saved by
these CFLs is equivalent to more than 28 coal-fired power plants. In this article, economic
saving of CFL is studied from four viewpoints of Consumers, Petroleum Ministry, Energy
Ministry and Organization of life-environment-protection.
The conclusion shows that the real value of a CFL is about 51 USD for the government.
Thus replacement of GLS lamps by CFLs is necessary and unavoidable.

99
 98-F-LEM-584

METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND

EFFICIENCY INCREASING IN ROAD LIGHTING

M.A. Abbasi, M.F. Hanifi, H. Moslehi

Noorgostar Co. Ltd.
IRAN

Keywords: optimization, road lighting, street luminair

Abstract:
Proper use of electrical energy, because of high cost of production and limitation of sources
and production facilities, is one of the important energy challenges in Iran. Efficient use of
energy, which means more effective use of limited sources and obtaining maximum
efficiency with reasonable use of electrical power, requires offering a set of facilities,
actions and policies.
Road lighting allocates a considerable portion of regional electricity companies costs,
because implementation of lighting design is very expensive and maintenance and energy
consumption (4671 GWh equal to 4.4% of the whole network) charges are very high.
Thus, based on an applicable study of different publications in lighting field, compilation of
lighting system standards and experiences obtained from various contracts, one of the
consultative engineering companies certified by Tavanir, has determined the weak points of
lighting systems in different parts of country considering lighting standards, energy
consumption requirements and quality of lighting equipment. It has also presented the
possibility of offering scientific and executive methods to search considerable energy and
cost saving.
This article, besides considering to optimization of newly-established and old road lighting
systems, has tried to present practicable and executive methods to reach the goal of
international lighting standards and explain the result of this national movement for those
who are responsible in power industry.

100
 98-F-LEM-641

EFFECT OF DEMAND MESURING INTERVAL TIME ON

ELECTIC POWER LOSSES

Gh – Heidari M.Hashemian
Transmission and Distribution Dept., MATN Company

Key Words: peak load, consumption demand, interval time, power losses, load & loss factors

Abstract:
In planning and power plant generation regulation during peak period of National Grid the
losses during the peak hours are one of the most important factor. Since the losses are
directly related to the squared of transmitted power, therefore, the power losses during the
peak hours reach to their maximum amounts.
Though, calculation of power losses seems to be a simple task but if the real amount of
conductors resistance do not be taken into account in calculation of power losses, then
amount of power losses would not be calculated accurately and that would lead to wrong
evaluation of losses. Since the demand or peak of consumption of electricity is changing all
the time then the changes of power losses are a natural consequence of it. As a result this
question arises that:
“How should the peak load or Max. Consumption be measured?”
Though there are several equipments for measuring of the electric consumption demand but
with all equipment, the measuring of demand is carried out for certain period of time in
other words, the average energy in a known time interval is considered as peak load.
Naturally by prolonging the period over which the average is taken the variation of load
will become more pronounced and the figure which is attributed to as peak load will be far
away from the instantaneous peak load and this by itself can be the cause of increase of
power losses.
In this paper, the peak load of an Industrial Customer in Tehran region has been measured
at various periods of measurement and then analyzed. The results indicate that, by reducing
the time interval of peak measurement from 15 minutes down to two minutes the
consumption demand will increase by 18 percent and power losses by 42 percent.

101
 98-F-LEM-706

IRANIAN LOAD CURVE IMPROVEMENT NECESSITY AS A

DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT PROBLEM AND RECOMMENDED
SOLUTIONS TO REACHING THE WORLDS INDICES

Hooman Andami Hamze Rezai Abdolhamid Hasanzadeh

Demand Side Management Office of Tavanir
Tehran, Iran

Keywords: Load Curve, Peak Load, Peak Shaving, Load Management, Demand Side Management,
Loss Reduction, Power Marketing.

Abstract:
Load carve of a country comprises valuable information about country’s industrial growth,
load component and demand side management measures which were performed.
A glimpse to this load curve reflects the urgent need to demand side management in
Iran’s electric network as well as insufficient industrial growth and some cultural problems.
In this paper a comparison was held among Iran’s load curve in the present and past with
France and Taiwan as the symbols of industrial and developing countries respectively. As a
short time plan, using of multi rate tariffs and facilitating electric energy buying from
customers can improve load curve of Iran electric network temporary, but the modern
demand side management techniques such as direct load control, load shifting and
combined heat and power generation in one side and energy consumption pattern
modification through effective management and education as well as electric power system
restructuring consideration in other side was highly recommended to improve load curve’s
shape of Iran electric network in a long term period. Obviously execution of these methods
in a comprehensive program just costs a few percents of current financial support which
uses to covering this improper load curve.

102
 98-F-LEM-709

THE LONG TERM FORCAST OF ELECTRIC ENERGY

DEMAND IN AZARBAIJAN USING NEURAL NETWORK

Moharram Khankeshizade
Azarbaijan power Engineering Consultants Co.(Mona)
Tabriz – Iran

Keywords: Forecasting , Energy Demand , Energy Balance , Neural Network

Abstract:
The prediction of electric energy demand is one of the main functions of the energy
management systems (EMS). In the present paper with respect to significance of the subject
, recurrent multilayer preceptron neural network known as RMLP network, has been used
for the long term forecasting of the electric energy demand in Azarbaijan area . As for the
network training, a part from the explanatory variables affeciting the electric energy usage
system , sum elements of the energy balance of the area has also been put in to use.From
1369 to 1380 and from 1381 to 1390 have respectively been chosen for the period of the
base of the forcast and forcast period.In the end , the obtained results have been compared
with results achieved by a conventional mathematical method and actual electric energy
demand in the area.

103
 98-F-LEM-722

ASSESSMENT OF IRANIAN SUMMER INDUSTRIAL OVERHAUL

PROGRAM AS A DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT SOLUTION AND
ITS IMPACTS ON LOAD CURVE PEAK SHAVING

Alireza Ahmadyazdi Hooman Andami Abdolhamid Hasanzadeh

Demand Side Management Office of Tavanir
Tehran, Iran

Keywords: Load Management, Demand Side Management, Annual Overhaul, Load Curve, Load
Peak, Peak Shaving

Abstract:
All of the large industrial factories plan the time duration (about 2 weeks) for their annual
overhaul, so in this time period the power demand of them highly decreases due to
powering off of many equipments.
In the other side, Iranian electric network have an annual peak demand in each year which
usually occurs at the middle of summer (the hottest days of year). This peak load forces the
planners of network to install a generation capacity that is not required in most of times of
year. At the same time operators of network have to challenge with many problems due to
operation of such a full loaded network.
In recent years Iran power generation, transmission and distribution management co.
(Tavanir) has established a plan for synchronizing of Iranian industries annual overhaul
with the network peak days in the middle of summer. Tavanir uses a marking down in
energy prices of cooperated industries in plan as an encouragement tolls.
In this paper the stages of this plan in legal and execution has described. Then all its feature
and advantages was analyzed in rational manner. This research shows that Iranian summer
industrial overhaul plan has the considerable effects in Iranians national economy without
requirements of any observable investments or financial supports. Furthermore some useful
strategies were recommended to modifying this plans performances.

104
 98-F-LEM-822

BEHSAZAN 82 : RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ENERGY

CONSERVATION SOFTWARE

Albert Kocharian, Mokhtar Bidi, Fathollah Mansouri, Mohammad Alipour

Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Energy and Load Management Dept.
Iran

Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Building Energy Simulation, Energy Analysis Software, HVAC
Systems, Lighting Systems, Energy Conservation Opportunities

Abstract
The massive and growing share of residential sector in total energy consumption in Iran,
and the role of HVAC and lighting systems in this consumption, lead us to use the most
effective and approved methods to save energy in buildings. One of the best method to
analysis and reduce energy consumption in building is developing and using building
energy simulation or building energy analysis software.
This paper presents some results from a research project titled “Design and Developing
Residential Buildings Energy Conservation Software for Climatic Conditions of Iran”, that
has concluded to a software package named “Behsazan 82”.
In the first part of this paper we explaine the importance and necessity of this software ,
then we present the main characteristics and features of Behsazan software. The results of
evaluation, software testing and conclusion is reported in next part of the paper.
The paper includes 7 figures and 14 references.

105
 98-F-MNG-119

EXECUTING OF PROCESS REENGINEERING PLAN IN

KERMAN REGIONAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

Er. Bibi Tahereh Hosseini Dr. Mahmood Zargar

Kerman Regional Electric Company Emam Sadegh University
Iran-Kerman Iran –Tehran

Key words: process, process reengineering, BPR, IT

Abstract
Process modeling is one of the important prerequisites for development and
improvement in any organization. The meaning of the growing and development of
organization is not only the increasing of input and output capacities, but real development
on management capacities, skills, decision makings and relationships are more important.
One of the most important steps for development in the managerial and organizational
capacities is recognizing and drawing and standardization of the relationships between
activities in the form of processes. Recognizing of processes with their skills characteristics
and their power and weak points can provide useful and effective plans for development of
capacities.
Business process reengineering technology (BPR) provides this need well. Now BPR is one
the important technologies in IT. Process modeling in BPR has many goals such as
procedure documentation, gradual and effective process reengineering and appointment of
resource to works, knowledge management, providing of total IT plans, work flow diagram
and effective performance management. By recognizing of the necessary skills, knowledge,
science and training them to the related personnel, the pure time cycle of process can be
decreased and quality can be improved. After exact drawing of the current status in each
organization, by above recognitions, process reengineering will be done.
In this paper the steps of the executing of such important plan in Kerman regional electric
company will be described. These steps are:
1-Processes recognition and providing the model of current status 2-Estimation and
analysis of the time cycle and resources of the process 3-Presentation of optimization plans
and measurement of key process indicators 4-Recognition of skills and work knowledge
and providing of total training plan 5-Presentation of IT development plans

106
 98-F-MNG-200

OPEN ACCESS TO QUALITY

Amir Saeed Dashti

Tehran Regional Electric Company
Iran

Keywords : Strategic- Reengineering Organizations – Customers ,Services - automation – chain of

Supply

Abstract
The expression of "customers open access" to services and products manifests how much
public organizations and private companies could offer their new services and products to
the customers in a qualified and comfortable manner and in a short possible time through
developed management systems and technology , and how much the customers can utilize
these services .In this way, all of the organizations have to offer their services and products
in a market that emphasizes on quality and makes an effort in the organizational transaction
. however , the customers have an option in choosing their favorite services and products .
The government determine the customers , qualification for attending in the markets and
controls its regulations too .
The purpose of this essay is to interpret the matter from new view points and its outgoing
problems .

107
 98-F-MNG-270

DETERMINATION AND MEASUREMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

TRANSFER CRITERIONS IN THE INTERNATIONAL TENDER
TO PURCHASE AND TRANSFER THE OF GIS SWITCHGEAR
USING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS

Ashraf .S. Pasandideh1 , Zohreh Beshraty Rad1, S.Habibollah Tabatabian2

1- NIROO TECHOLOGY CENTER 2- ALAMEH TABATABAEI UNIVERSITY

Country: IRAN

Keywords: technology transfer, GIS3 tender, AHP4analysis

Abstract:
Technology transfer is a subject that no organization is independent of it. The decision to
replace or develop old technologies with new ones usually causes acquiring the selected
technology from outside resources. The important thing is to able to transfer the technology
and not just borrow its name. We can claim that a real technology transfer has occurred
only when the technology transferee can change and transform the receiving technology.
With this Aim, the ministry of energy (I.R.I) held an international tender to purchase 35
GIS switchgear and transfer its technology. The exclusive point of this tender was its
emphasis on the technology transfer issue, such that 50 percent of the tender criterions were
allocated to this issue. For assurance in obtaining the necessary capabilities from
technology transfer, determining suitable criterions of technology transfer in the tender
documents is essential. For this purpose, by obtaining the views of experts in electrical
industry, criterions of technology transfer, in the form hierarchy structure is determined and
by applying AHP analysis weights of each of the criterias are obtained.
In this paper we describes the actual steps for determining and measuring the criterions of
technology transfer in GIS tender, using the AHP analysis.

3
Gas Insulated Substation
4
Analytical Hierarchy Process

108
 98-F-MNG-371

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN KHORASAN REGIONAL

ELECTRICITY COMPANY

Authors : Ali Memari , Ladan Behrouzi , Farshad Motameni

Organization : Khorasan Regional Electricity Company
Country : Iran

Key words : Performance Assessment Performance Management - Job Grouping –Career

Development - Job Analysis

Abstract
Employees' performance guidance is implemented through performance management in all
organizations , since employees' performance management will lead to provide managers
with necessary criteria of human resource guiding. These criteria are considered as a base
and reference points against which people can assess other factors and then begin to
determine, study and analyze the deviation rate of employees' performance , using
compiled criteria.
According to the performance management process, employees' performance is observed
and feedback is presented through firstly determining what should be done and how well it
should be done. Then considering how well the work has been done , a performance
development and improvement programme is presented and , in this way , managers are
enabled to recognize its reasons and ultimately it would be possible to perform
improvement actions in order to make human power better and remove its deficiencies.
In order to implement the performance management in Khorasan Regional Electricity
Company , different actions were taken place including job analysis, providing ground for
career development system and job grouping that ultimately led to compiling performance
assessment forms, standards of educational courses, table of job specifications for each
organizational post , necessary job performances and job summary.

109
 98-F-MNG-668

RISK ANALYSIS FOR INVESTIGATION OF POWER EVENT

OF SAADATABAD REGION USING FMEA AND JHA
METHODS

S. Ghayeblu, M. Mojrian, N. Groyan, Sh. Khosravi, Gh. Mohmmadian, S. Jafarinia,

H. Askari, F. Faghihi

Iran University of Science and Technology

Key Words: Power Electric Events, Risk Analysis, FMEA, JHA, RPN

Abstract:
Nowadays in order to expanding of distribution networks and deregulation and restructured
exact noticing to power events is so important. Events occurrence not only related to
designing of distribution system and its equipment, but also depended on erection and
maintenance; therefore analysis of events for catching immunity and reliability is a good
approach. In this paper using FMEA and JHA method for risk analysis of power events are
discussed and compared. These risk analysis are implemented for saadatabad power region
that is one of the twenty regions in Tehran. Result of two risk analysis show in both of them
that the risks that gave RPN had upper risk, also number and probability of risk occurrences
effect on amount of events risk. According to RPN, we suggest the execution solutions that
a lot of them are referred to using of special equipments and materials, appropriate cabling
according to standard, correct erection and maintenance.

110
 98-F-MNG-717

USING OF QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF

PRODUCT STAGES IN ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES

Mahmood Safikhani, Morteza Poorhaji, Faramarz Faghihi

Iran University of Science and Technology

Abstract:
Nowadays, using of quality techniques in industries of Iran is noticeable. These techniques
include costs, learning and so on. In this paper, effect of using ISO on improvement of
products in electrical industries is discussed. Mehrabad Industrial Company (MIC) is
selected as case study. Our analysis is shown that totally 77% improvement in product
factors that we are considered.

111
 98-F-PDS-162

SUBSTATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

RECONFIGURATION BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
FOR LOSS MINIMIZATION

Ahmad Gholami, Ahad Kazemi, Mohammad Farokhi, Farhad Matin

Iran University of Science and Technology
Iran

Key words: Automation, Online Control, Reconfiguration, Optimization, Artificial Neural Network

Abstract:
In this paper, Online Distribution Network Reconfiguration for Loss Minimization is
done.The algorithms presented for Reconfiguration are suffering from two important
points: entrapping in local minima rather than global minima, and time consuming
computations. Intelligent methods with the ability of performing nonlinear and adaptive
computations are successfully applied to solve these two problems.In this project, a novel
intelligent optimizer system using MLP Neural Network is designed. The presented method
is rather better than other methods from both convergence speed and precision point of
view.This method also behaves well against distribution systems dimentionality problem.

112
 98-F-PDS-164

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN OUTAGE

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (NRI OMS)

Azadeh Zamanifar Babak Amini

Niroo Research Institute Niroo Research Institute

Keywords: OMS - XML - Outage Detection -Distribution Networks

Abstract:
One of the important goals of power distrbution utilities is efficient use of generated
eletricity, by minimizing non distributed eletricity. Therefore continuous and non
interrupted distribution of electricity is critical in power industry. Many differnet factors
can result in interruption of electricity distribution, for example natural events, customers
abuse, animals and so on. Preventation of some of these events is impossible, but in times
of fault occurrence, detection of fired protective device position in shortest time is the best
way to reduce the power cut time.
Detection of fired protective device in iran is generally done by two methods. One, by
using fault indicators along medium voltage lines and the other, by use of fault locators in
substations.
In recent years, considerable amount of work has been done in developement of software
systems based on customer calls to detect position of fired protective device in times of
fault occurrence. This method is more economical, extendable and efficient for low voltage
networks.
In this paper we explain design and implementation of NRI OMS system based on latest
studies in this field. We have devised an integrated system, including OMS, GIS and CIS.
The data exchange between OMS and GIS is done using XML standard so the OMS system
is not dependent on GIS software architecture and databases. This system along with
calculation useful network fault indices can prepare various useful management reports.

113
 98-F-PDS-245

INUESTIGATION OF NECSSITYS AND PROBLEMS AND

EXECUTIVE POLICYS OF BY HOT LINE METHOD IN
KHOZESTAN DISTRIBUTION COMPAY OF ELECTRICITY

Author : Rahmatolla Hammamian

Organiztion : Bushehr power Distribution Company
Country : Iran

Key word : continuous services Facilities and equipments Hot Line repairs

Abstract
Interruption of Electric Supply duee to its bad effect on The distribution network ,
industrial plants,and residential applicance from one side and also causing decrease in the
energy supplied to customers and making them in convenient, is one of the major problems
in the distribution network of khoozestan Regional Electric utility .
In order to overcome the abovementioned problms,HOT – Line repairment of transmission
lines has been Considered and proposed as a suitable solution .
In this paper,principle,methodology and problems associated with applying hot-line
repairment in the distribution network of khoozestan regional Electric utility have been
studied .
In this research , a questionary is designed and related data have been collected and
analyzed .
According to the analysis of collected in formation and data it is resulted that the main buttl
neck in the way of using the Technology of Hot-Line repairment are, shortage of
equipments , continous training and specilist team for doing the job.

114
 98-F-PDS-285

OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF SECTIONALIZING AND TIE

SWITCHES IN MV DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

H. Falaghi1 M. Ramezani1,2 M.-R. Haghifam1 M.-R. Osouli Tabrizi3

K. Roshan Milani3 Kh. Riazi1

1- Tarbiat Modarres University, Department of Electrical Engineering - Tehran

2- MOSHANIR - Tehran
3- Eastern Azarbayjan Electric Power Distribution Co. - Tabriz

Key Words: Distribution Network, Sectionalizing Switch, Tie Switch, Reliability, Placement

Abstract
Electric power distribution networks are interface between load and transmission,
generation systems. With respect to radial configuration of distribution feeders, any fault in
these part of power system cause customer outage. The main methods for enhancement in
reliability of distribution systems are installation of sectionalizer and tie point. In this paper,
an attempt has been made to develop a new and efficient algorithm for sectionalizing and
tie switches allocation simultaneously. A genetic algorithm based method for determining
optimal location and number of sectionalizers and tie points in distribution networks is
presented. Costs of switches, lines and outage cost are considered in proposed objective
function. Effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by a number of case studies were
performed on a real MV distribution network with radial structure.

115
 98-F-PDS-286

OPTIMAL PLACEMENT OF RECLOSERS IN MV

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

M. Ramezani1,2 H. Falaghi2 M.-R. Haghifam2

M.-R. Osouli Tabrizi3 D. Herfati Sobhan3

1- Moshanir power engineering consultants - Tehran

2- Tarbiat Modarres University, Department of Electrical Engineering - Tehran
3- Eastern Azarbayjan Electric Power Distribution Co. - Tabriz

Key Words: Distribution Network, Recloser, Reliability, Placement

Abstract
Reclosing devices are most commonly used to allow temporary faults on over-head systems
to self-clear. Since 70% to 80% of overhead faults are temporary in nature, any feeder with
primarily overhead exposure should be protected by reclosing device(s). Placing a line
recloser on a feeder will improve the reliability of all upstream customers by protecting
them from downstream faults. Placement of reclosers in a radial distribution feeder is often
performed so as to minimize traditional reliability indices (SAIDI, SAIFI, MAIFIe…). In
this paper we propose a procedure for finding optimal recloser positions on the overhead
feeder, using a specially tailored dynamic programming. Effectiveness of the proposed
method is shown by a number of case studies were performed on a real overhead MV
distribution network with radial structure.

116
 98-F-PDS-356

PLACEMENT LIMIT REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT FOR

LOAD ESTIMATION IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

A.YAGHOTI & M.PARSA M.MAHODIAN

Technical Department of Panir industrial Co.
Tarbit Modares University

Keyword : Load estimation, distribution network, optimal operation

Abstract:
Load estimate is important tool for optimal operation in electrical distribution networks. On
electrical distribution networks, typically, there are very few available real-time
measurements, and so, researchers have treated load point demand estimates pseudo
measurements in a weight-least-squares (WLS) formulation.
This paper presents an alternative approach to electrical distribution network load
estimation using of distribution networks load points covariance and real-time load while
accounting for limited real-time measurements as solution constraints. Suggested approach
has been investigated on a part of TREC’s distribution networks and this result is that
suggested approach is qualified.

117
 98-F-PDS-357

USAGE OF CAPACITOR COMPENSATOR FOR IMPROVE

VOLATAGE BALANCE AND POWER QUALITY

A.A. YAGHOTI M.ABHARY

TEHRAN REGIONAL ELECTRICAL CO. PANIR INDESTRIAL CO.

Keyword: capacitor compensator, distribution network, voltage sag, power quality

Abstract :
This paper proposes a novel method for improvement voltage balancing and power quality
in low voltage distribution network. In this method whit usage of capacitor compensator
injected current to null in end of low voltage network. This current effectuate is movement
of voltage null in network. This movement improved voltage and power quality in low
voltage distribution networks.
Suggested approach has been investigated on a part of distribution networks and this result
is that suggested approach is qualified.

118
 98-F-PDS-389

ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONFIGURATION

FOR POWER LOSS REDUCTION

G.R. Kamyab 1 E. Ahmadipoor 2

(1) Mashhad Electric Power Distribution Company and Azad Eslami Gonabad University
(2) Mashhad Electric Distribution Company

Abstract:
Distribution network reconfiguration may be utilized for multiple objectives such as power
loss minimization, customer service restoration, load balancing, voltage profile
improvement, minimization of service interruption frequency and service reliability
enhancement. Distribution network reconfiguration is formulated as a constrained multi
objective problem. There are multiple objectives and several operational and network
constraints in the problem. So achieving a global optimum solution for the problem is very
hard. Heretofore several methods are developed to solve the problem but all of these
methods don’t search all of configures because of the number of the configurations are
extreme.
In spit of extent numbers of the configurations for a distribution network and since
distribution network structures are planned with low loops and more of its lines are series
connection, a few of them are feasible. Also we propose a method to directly determine all
feasible configurations. Then we study each of the feasible configurations and perform
suitable quick load flow for each of them, and then we determine the optimum configure.
The proposed method has some advantages. In this method we can consider all objectives
and constraints and we achieve global optimum. This method needs acceptable computation
time. The proposed method has done on a typical distribution network.

119
 98-E-ACI-351

A NEW METHOD FOR DETERMINING OPTIMAL NUMBER

AND LOCATION OF REMOTE CONTROL SWITCHES IN
DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Hossein Yasaman
Niroo Research Institute, Dispatching & Telemetry Research Group

Key Words: Distribution Networks, Remote Control Switches

Abstract:
Remote control of existing switches in distribution networks can decrease many costs and
also lead to other advantages. In this paper, we present a new method for determining of
optimal number and location of remote control switches in distribution networks in order to
reduce feeders outage period. In problem cost function, feeder outage cost, costs of switch
automation equipments and also human costs for fault location, isolation, repairing and
feeder restoration is considered. The proposed method is based on enumeration and local
variations optimization algorithms. Simulation results confirm good speed and accuracy of
proposed method for application in distribution networks.

120
 98-F-PDS-486

REDUCTION OF GROUND FAULT LEVEL IN BAHMANI AND

POUDAR SUBSTATIONS IN BOUSHEHR

H.R. Jahromi-M-Pourmand S. Jadid

Sh.Khaleghi – Sh.Kargar I.U.S.T
Fars Regional Electric Company

Keywords: Short Circuit Level, Earth Fault, Grounding Transformer, Accident, Simulation

Abstract
Regarding to numerous accidents in 66/11 KV Bahmani and Poudar substations in
Boushehr, and increase in the number of incidents, there is an urgent need for investigation
and evaluation of these substations. Investigations shows that because of high short circuit
current to earth and delay in circuit breakers opening, the damages in the accidents have
been increased. For example, in the incident dated 82/9/12 in Bahmani substation, short
circuit in one of the outgoing 11 KV power lines, resulted in fire and approximately two
Billions Rails damages.
In order to decrease the number of accidents, it is possible to install an coil or an resistor in
the neutral (star point) in secondary side of the power transformer. Another suggestion is to
open the star point grounding and install a suitable grounding transformer. In this article,
the above suggestions were studied and advantages and disadvantages were evaluated and
the necessary simulations have been performed. The result of simulations shows that install
of grounding transformer has several advantages, which in spite of having some
disadvantages, still is the best way for reduction of ground fault level and preventing of
accidents.

121
 98-F-PDS-525

OPTIMAL SIZE AND PLACEMENT OF DYNAMIC VOLTAGE

RESTORER(DVR) USING SIMULATED ANNEALING
ALGORITHM(SA)

H.Kamal Arani R.Ghazi

Elec.Eng.Dept
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

IRAN

Keywords: Dynamic Voltage Restorer, Power Quality, Voltage sags, Simulated Annealing
Algorithm

Abstact :
In recent years, power quality is a subject of increasing concern.Growth in the use of
sensitive loads, electronic devices and micro-processor based equipments has changed
overview of electrical customers in power quality subjects ; which was not important in the
past. Even voltage sags or short interruptions lasting only a few milliseconds are enough to
bring entire production lines to a standstill, causing considerable economic damage for such
industries and manufacturers that employs electronic equipments .For mitigation of power
quality problems ,Custom Power devices have been proposed .The concept of Custom
Power is the employment of voltage source converters or or static controller in medium
voltage distribution systems for the purpose of supplying a level of reliability and/or power
quality . One of this devices is Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) that is a very effective
series-compensation device for mitigation of voltage sags ,swells and unbalanced voltage.
The purpose of this paper is to improve the voltage sags/swells problem in a distribution
system with sensitive loads ,with optimal placement of DVR’s using simulated annealing
algorithm. The proposed method has been applied to 35 and 69 bus distribution systems .To
show the superiority of the proposed method , the simulation result of 35-bus system is
compared with TABU Search method.

122
 98-F-PDS-533

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RECONFIGURATION FOR LOSS

REDUCTION BY REFINED GENETIC ALGORITHM

Heidar Ali Shayanfar Seyyed Abbas Saremi

Professor Master of Science
Iran University of Science and Technology (I.U.S.T.)

Key Words: reconfiguration, loss reduction, genetic algorithm

Abstrect :
In this paper, the genetic algorithm method has been used for finding the radial
configuration with minimum active power loss at a distribution system. The main feature of
this method is that it can pass from local optimums and reaches to the global optimum. By
using the features of distribution systems, an integer coding method with suitable length,
has been presented. This integer chromosome coding method, as compared with other
genetic algorithm metods, firstly reduces the generation of infeasible
configurations(configurations with loop or unfeeded bus) and secondly, reduces the length
of chromosomes. Because of this two features, it reduces the computational burden and
improve the convergence speed. The difficulty of tuning the amount of mutation and
crossover probability, has been solved by a suitable adaptive method.

123
 98-F-PDS-556

SYSTEMS FROM THE RESISTIVE LOSS, RELIABILITY AND

PROTECTION COORDINATION VIEWPOINTS

A. Haddadi2 S. Jamali2 V. Talavat2 A. Rabiee 2

1-Tehran Central Electricity Distribution Company

2- Iran University of Science and Technology
Tehran - Iran

Key words: Radial distribution systems, meshed operation, Loss reduction, Reliability, Protection
coordination

Abstrect :
LV distribution systems are radial operated in Iran, although, meshed operation of LV
systems is also possible too. The main reason of radial operation is easier protection
coordination compared with meshed networks. Loss reduction and voltage profile
improvement are achieved in meshed operation and furthermore non distributed energy
(NDE) of the system decreases considerably.
This paper presents the feasibility study of meshed operation of LV distribution systems.
As a case study, a part of real Iranian LV distribution system (LV feeders of three
substations in Tehran Central Electricity Company) is considered. At first, load flow
analysis is performed for both radial and meshed operation of the system to compare these
resistive loss and voltage profile. Then, reliability indices of system are evaluated for both
states of operation. Protection coordination of protective elements, as a new challenge in
meshed operation, is discussed in details and a new solution for protection problem in
meshed operation is suggested. From the satisfactory results of the case study, it is
concluded that meshed operation of LV distribution systems has technical and economical
advantages and it is recommended for LV distribution systems.

124
 98-F-PDS-567

FERRORESONANCE IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS AND ITS

EFFECT ON ZNO ARRESTERS

Mohammad Farshad Javad Sadeh

M.Sc Student Assistant Professor
Electrical Group, Faculty of Engineering,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Mashhad-Iran

Keywords: Ferroresonance, Distribution Systems, ZnO Arrester, Thermal Damage

Abstract:
Ferroresonance phenomenon can occur at any voltage level of the power systems.
Occurrence of ferroresonance phenomenon in power distribution systems is more possible,
because of existence of cable with capacitive effect, transformer with saturable core and
single phase protection like fuses. In distribution systems duration of ferroresonance can be
long. Usually, in distribution systems ZnO arresters will be used at 20kV side to protect the
transformer against lightening. When ferroresonance phenomenon occurs, leakage currents
flow through the ZnO arrester. In this situation, one of the most important features of ZnO
arresters is thermal capacity. In this paper, based on the energy absorption capability curves
for a given average current density, the amount of energy that the ZnO arrester can be
absorbed are obtained and time to failure of the arrester estimated.

125
 98-F-PDS-630

FIXED CONNECTIONS IN ELECTRICAL NETWORKS AND

THEIR ROLE IN DISTRIBUTION ATTENUATION

By: Ali Yekta – Saeid Molla Shir Mohammadi

Organization: Mashhad Electrical Energy Distribution Company
From: IRAN

Key Words: Resistance in connection surfaces, thermal effects, dynamic effects

Abstract:
The aim of this article is to present the role of fixed connections in low voltage distribution
networks. The effect of conventional and substandard methods in low and medium voltage
network connections is being investigated in the increase of energy attenuation, voltage
variation and the decrease of reliability ratio in the electrical energy distribution. In
addition, the basis of the presented argument is the theoretical analysis of phenomena and
defining physical process of the increase of resistance in connection points which can be
caused by mechanical, physical, chemical and thermal changes in accord with the above
mentioned practical issues. By considering the many connections, especially in low voltage
distribution networks and the resistance caused by connections, electrical energy
attenuation is maintained and in many cases it exceeds the Julian path attenuation, so the
identification flowchart of the creation of resistance caused by connections will assist in
eliminating attenuation.

126
 98-F-PDS-635

APPLICATION OF TABU SEARCH TO OPTIMAL PLACEMENT

OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION AND REACTIVE SOURCES

M. E. Hamedani Golshan S. A. Arefifar Gh. Moslehi

Isfahan University of Technology
Isfahan- Iran

Keywords: Distribution System, Distributed Generation, Reactive Sources, System Losses, Optimal
Placement, Tabu Search

Abstract
Introduction of distributed generators to power system can lead to a lot of technical,
economic, environmental, etc. benefits. To attain the best benefits, distributed generators
with proper ratings should be located at suitable places. Regarding the similar effects of
distributed generators and capacitor banks on the operation indices of a distribution system,
it seems that by determining the best locations and sizes for both simultaneously, more
advantages in utilizing distributed generators will be attained and the amount of needed
reactive power capacity will be reduced. In this paper, by defining and solving an
optimization problem, the amount of distributed generators and reactive power sources in
buses of a distribution system is computed to make up a given total of distributed
generation to minimize losses and total required reactive power capacity. Like many other
problems found in power network planning, the formulated problem is a non-linear
combinatorial problem. Therefore, we apply tabu search algorithm for solving the
formulated optimization problem. The results of applying tabu search algorithm on 6, 10
and 33 buses distribution networks are presented and compared with the results of using the
second order method.

127
 98-F-PDS-647

MODELING AND EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION ON RELIABILITY OF
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

H. Falaghi M.-R. Haghifam

Department of Electrical Engineering
Tarbiat Modarres University
Tehran -Iran

Key Words: Distribution Network, Distributed Generation, Reliability, Modeling

Abstract
At present, the electric power industry is undergoing considerable change with respect to
structure, operation, and regulation. With respect to this change, utilities can expect to see
increasing amounts of distributed generation (DG) on their distribution systems. This DG
can have positive impacts such as voltage support and deferred capital investments, but can
also have negative impacts on protection coordination and voltage regulation. Reliability is
an area where DG can have positive impact. This paper presents a method based on FMEA
to modeling and evaluation of effects of DG on reliability indices using predictive
reliability assessment tools. Effectiveness of the proposed methodology is shown by a
number of case studies were performed on a real MV distribution feeder with radial
structure.

128
 98-F-PDS-669

A NEW APPROACH BASED ON ANT COLONY ALGORITHM

TO OPTIMAL OPERATION MANAGEMENT OF
DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS WITH REGARD TO DISPERSED
GENERATIONS

Taher Niknam1,2 Ali Mohammad Ranjbar1,2 Ali Reza Shirani2 Amir Ostadi1

1. Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 2. Niroo Research Institute,

Tehran, Iran

Keywords: Distributed Generation, Optimal Operation Management of distribution networks, Ant

Colony Optimization (ACO).

Abstract
With Power system movement toward restructuring along with factors such as life
environment pollution, problems of transmission expansion and with advancement in
construction technology of small generation units, it is expected that small units like wind
turbines, fuel cells, photovoltaic, … that most of the time connect to the distribution
networks play a very essential role in electric power industry. With increase in developing
usage of small generation units, management of distribution networks should be reviewed.
The target of this paper is to present a new method for optimal management of active and
reactive power in distribution networks with regard to costs pertaining to various types of
dispersed generations, capacitors and cost of electric energy achieved from network.
In other words, in this method it’s endeavored to select optimal sources of active and
reactive power generation and controlling equipments such as dispersed generations,
capacitors, under load tap-changer transformers and substations in a way that firstly costs in
relation to them are minimized and secondly technical and physical constraints are
regarded. Because the optimal management of distribution networks is an optimization
problem with continuous and discrete variables, the new evolutionary method based on Ant
Colony Algorithm has been applied. The simulation results of the method tested on two
cases containing 23 and 34 buses exist and will be shown at later sections.

129
 98-F-PDS-705

SUBTRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PHILOSOPHY,

NECESSITIES AND CONTENTS FOR EACH REGION.

Ahmad Ali Bahmanpour

NIROO Consulting Engineers Co.

Keywords: System Philosophy , Reliability , Contingency (Single , Multiple) , Firm Capacity.

Abstract:
One of the basic and important requirements for building or developing the subsystems of
any power system including the subtransmission or distribution systems is its system
philosophy that can also be called its “long-term strategy”. In this philosophy adequacy ,
security , reliability , contingencies , types of substations and feeders and their
configurations are discussed. Furthermore, key parameters such as cost of money , power
and energy loss prices , customer interruption duration costs , strict obligations for the type
of the system to be chosen , preferred ratings for equipment , and the proper phasing to
execute the approved philosophy are studied and included in the system philosophy.
Therefore , the development of the comprehensive master plans and overall planning stages
of the subtransmission and distribution systems can be done much more rationally if we
have an approved system philosophy for them. On the other hand , if we do not have such a
philosophy , regretfully some key parameters of the master plans and /or plannings will be
chosen in accordance with some personal and non-optimal viewpoints.

130
 98-F-PDS-715

OPTIMAL SIZING AND SITTING OF DISTRIBUTED

GENERATION TO MAXIMIZE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
LOADABILITY

Tooraj Amraee1,2 Babak.Mozafari 1,2 A.M Ranjbar 1,2 M.F.Fotuhi1

1-Sharif university of technology 2-Niroo Research Institute

Keywords: Distributed Generation, Optimal locating,Genetic Algorithm,Relief

Abstract:
Distributed generation (DG) is expected to play an important role in meeting future power
generation needs. DG usually means a small electric power plant constructed at the
customers site or end of a distribution line. The size of these plants is usually from a few
tens of kW to 5-10 MW. Although DG have a potential to enhance system performance but
improper DG locating and sizing may have negative effects on distribution network.
Usually DG’s ownership is devoted to customers. So most of utilities don’t pay enough
attention to the size and location of DG in their network. In this paper we investigate
different aspects of DG connection to distribution network then show that how DG can
increase loadability margin (or load level of branches) of a network. This purpose is
integrated using an optimal power flow formulation. Our main purpose in this paper is how
to organize both DG rating and its location in distribution network some how the maximum
relief is achieved. Decision-making variables in this OPF based approach are considered to
be size and location of DG units. This OPF problem is solved using a heuristic method
entitled by Genetic Algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed model can
improve loadability of every section significantly. This implies that utilities can defer the
construction of new feeders or substations in response to load growth.

131
 98-F-PDS-724

OPTIMAL TYPE AND LOCATION OF SECTIONALIZERS

REGARDING TO DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS TOPOLOGY

H. Shateri S. Jamali
Iran University of Science and Technology
Tehran - Iran

Key Words: Voltage and Current type sectionalizers, Distribution systems, Non-distributed energy,
Optimal location

Sectionalizers are one of the equipment used for the fault management in the distribution
systems. For a proper and efficient use of sectionalizers, their optimal number location
should be evaluated. There are two types of Sectionalizers, i.e. voltage and current types,
each one has its own features and needs. Therefore, the optimal site finding procedure for
each type is different from the other. Technical and economical factors are effective in the
optimal sitting procedure. Among these parameters, the topology of the feeder has a great
influence on the optimal type of sectionalizers. This paper firstly presents some
conventional topologies in the distribution systems. Then the optimal site finding procedure
is introduced briefly. This procedure is based on the non-distributed energy. The optimal
site finding method is tested on some test networks. Lastly, the gained savings for each
topology are studied for each type of sectionalizers.

132
 98-F-PDS-751

A NEW PROBABILISTIC METHODOLOGY TO FIND LOAD

POINT FOR SUBSTATION LOCATION

Babak Kashanizadeh Parvis Ramezanpour

Power and Water Institute of Technology

Key words: Substation Location, Probabilistic,Normal Statistical Distribution

Abstract:
Engineers to design distribution network can decide different alternative for example
placement and capacity need to analysis location and capacity of other distribution
substation .so decision affect the location neighbour substation .in this case the input
information is important and calculation is in direct family with information for example
for substation location you can see the paper that loads are assume constant therefore most
of studies base on constant load and normally use maximum of load curve to define
substation situation,although maximum load is happen in short period and load curve is
different in day so the optimum location for hours is different .in this study try to find the
load point situation ,assume load curve and use the probability methodology.

133
 98-F-PDS-753

CAPACITOR PLACEMENT INSTRUCTION

IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Abbas saberi noghabi Ali khage kazeroni Mohamad sadegh sepasian Hosain saifei

Key words: distribution system, instruction, capacitor placement

Abstract:
In this paper, practical method has been used for producing instraction in order to
placement of capacitor in low voltage distribution system. In most available instruction
have been used of simple feeder patherns. In this paper, feeder and load patherns has been
analyzed completely and most practical case have been considered. For all states of a
distribution feeder has been done capacitor placement with available software and by
analyzing this state has been produced instruction in according to the reactive energy of the
whole of feeder. This instruction with available information in distribution company has
been applied simply. At the end, three practical network placing capacitor with software
and instruction has been observating that the difference between these two methods is low
in comparision with simply and practical instruction.

134
 98-F-PDS-762

A NOVEL FUZZY-BASED APPROACH FOR OPTIMAL

CAPACITOR PLACEMENT IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

N. Ramezani M.Farrokhi M.Babaei

IUST IUST distribution co.
P.h.d. student Electrical Eng. Department

Abstract
The installation of shunt capacitors in distribution systems are executed for reactive power
compensation, power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement. This paper presents a
novel fuzzy-based approach to determine candidate nodes in a distribution systems for
optimal capacitor placement.
In this method voltages and power loss reduction indices of distribution systems are
modeled by fuzzy membership function. This algorithm is applied to a practical test case
system (a part of distribution systems in Tehran) and is presented it’s results.

135
 98-F-PQA-179

ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF VOLTAGE HARMONICS

GENERATED BY THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIES
COMPENSATOR

S.M. Mousavi Badejani A. Kazemi M.A.S. Masoum

Department of Electrical Engineering
Iran University of Science & Technology
Tehran, Iran.

Abstract :
This paper analyzes the harmonic performance of thyristor controlled series compensators
(TCSCs) in power systems and proposes an effective method for its control and limitation
in the compensated line. This is performed by proper selection of TCSC elements
(capacitance and inductance) and introducing a new method for adjusting its firing angle
such that high line loadability as well as low harmonic generation is achieved. Finally, a
TCSC is designed, modeled, simulated and analyzed. The main contribution is
consideration of power quality phenomena as well as loadability in the TCSC control
scheme.

136
 98-E-PQA-189

INVESTIGATION OF TWO VECTOR CONTROL BASED

METHODS FOR STATIC SYNCHRONOUS SERIES
COMPENSATOR

A.Kazemi S.Jadid A.Badri

Department of Electrical Engineering
Iran University of Science & Technology
Tehran,Iran

Keywods:AC transmission line,vector control, SSSC,real and reactive power

Abstract:
Several studies have been done to investigate the SSSC performance in steady state
condition,but all are based on SSSC convertor based modeling and complicated
mathematical expressions.In this paper, to avoide this,at first a vector control appropriate
for SSSC control system is introduced, then static synchronous series compensator
(SSSC) model based on a new vector control theory is presented and its workability to
simplification of SSSC model in comparison to existing methods is shown. The
performance of SSSC with two different vector controllers,first based on d-q line
currents(indirect control) and the second a heuristic vector control based on real and
reactive line powers (direct control), are investigated through simulation. It is found that the
new introduced direct control produces better performance in controlling AC power system.
Finally the simulation results of a two-machine system with SSSC in different cases, are
investigated and effects of real and reactive power variations on SSSC injected voltage
and line current are presented.

137
 98-F-PQA-216

DISCUSSION HARMONIC OPERATION OF

HVDC LINK IN UNBALANCED NETWORKS

S. H. Hossieni & A. Sajadi

Electrical Engineering Department of Tabriz Univercity, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract
Recent technology advances have made HVDC transmission an economically attractive
alternative for power transmission over long distances. The AC to DC and DC to
AC conversion processes in the HVDC transmission generate harmonics that may
cause various problems in a power system ranging from capacitor failure to control
circuit malfunction.
With unbalanced conditions , the generation and propagation of harmonics are more
complicated . For example , extra so called non characteristic harmonics may be
produced These harmonics may cause harmonic instability.
Thus harmonic studies about HVDC transmission is essential because that is used
extensively in power networks.
In this paper , firstly harmonic operation of HVDC converters was analysed in
unbalanced conditions.
Finally, three phase harmonic load flow was done in a network including HVDC link.

138
 98-F-PQA-240

IDENTIFICATION OF HARMONIC SOURCES IN RADIAL

NETWORKS USING A HEURISTIC SEARCH

Ehsan Mashmool Ali Yazdian Varjani M. Reza Haghifam

Tarbiat Modares University – Electrical and Electronics Department

Key Words: Harmonic Source Identification, Harmonic, Radial Network

Abstract
Harmonics have negative effects on effective operation of power systems. The first step for
solving the problems related to harmonics is detecting of harmonic sources. This paper
proposed a new heuristic search for detecting of harmonic sources in radial networks and
also approved its benefits to the other available methods. The proposed method is based on
searching of buses and has two main phases. The first phase is detection of feeder which
includes harmonic source and the second one is determination of the exact location (bus) of
harmonic source. The capability of proposed algorithm is tested and approved on a radial
12.5kV distribution network.

139
 98-F-PQA-241

OPTIMAL HARMONIC METER ALLOCATION USING

KALMAN FILTER FOR HARMONIC STATE ESTIMATION OF
POWER SYSTEMS

Ehsan Mashmool Reza Keypour Ali Yazdian Varjani

Tarbiat Modares University – Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Key Words: Harmonic State Estimation (HSE), Kalman Filter, Optimization, GA

Abstract
Harmonic State Estimation (HSE) of power systems is a very effective and economic tool
to provide system-wide solutions for monitoring of harmonic pollution in the power
systems. One of the basic problems in implementation of Harmonic State Estimation is the
optimal number and location of harmonic meters. In this paper, a new method for optimal
allocation of harmonic meters is proposed. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is the
use of System Error Covariance Analysis provided by Kalman Filter and comparing them
with each other, for optimal allocation of harmonic meters, in completely-determined
conditions. Also, method of power system reduction is used to reduce the complexity of
calculations and to improve the accuracy of the results. The cost function is defined as the
sum of instrumentation costs and the cost caused by state estimation error. Genetic
Algorithm (GA) is also used for the optimization problem. The simulation results for an 18
bus distribution system show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

140
 98-F-PQA-287

MEASUREMENT OF FLICKER AND HARMONIC USING

INDIRECT DEMODULATION METHOD AND SUITABLE
FILTER

Dr. Hossein Tabatabaei-Yazdi Mr. Hossein Sfroghy

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Engineering,
Ferdowsi University (Mashhad) Ferdowsi University (Mashhad),
[email protected] And Moniran Co.

Key Words: Power Quality, Flicker, Harmonic, Flicker Accumulated Dose, Indirect Demodulation

Abstract:
Flicker and harmonic are two of the major power quality disturbances in power system.
Accurate and effective detection of them is important and helping for better compensation
and elimination of their harmful effect. Fluctuating loads (i.e. electric arc furnaces, arc
welders, etc.…) will results in flicker and harmonic in power system.
In this paper an effective calculation method is introduced which helps to measure flicker
and harmonic at the same time.
In this method, by using indirect demodulation technique, the RMS values of voltage
waveform are firstly calculated. Then by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
algorithms, flicker is obtained which help us to calculate the Flicker Accumulated Dose
(G(t)). And finally by using band – pass Cheby Chef filter, the disturbance with high and
low frequency is eliminated, for accurately measuring harmonic.
Using this method increases the speed and accuracy of flicker and harmonic measurements.

141
 98-F-PQA-295

IMPROVING VOLTAGE TOLERANCE OF AC ADJUSTABLE

SPEED DRIVES FOR BALANCED AND UNBALANCED
VOLTAGE SAGS

Salah Mohammadi
Department of electrical engineering
Sharif university of technology

Key words : Adjustable speed drives, balanced and unbalanced voltage sags, power quality

Absract
Adjustable speed drives are the type of equipment most sensitive to voltage sags. In this
paper the effections of capacitor capacitance variations on DC bus bar has been examined.
Improving of voltage tolerance of induction motor fed from pwm voltage source inverter
for balanced and unbalanced voltage sags , through connecting the med-point of the DC
bus bar to ac side of the rectifier during fault, has been discussed. By assuming that the
drop in speed for load is allowable ,voltage-tolerance curves are obtained for different
voltage sag types . Finally some simulation results are presented.

142
 98-F-PQA-425

THE IMPACT OF ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM ON UPFC

STEADY STATE OPERATION

S.A. Nabavi Niaki A. Esmaili

Mazandaran University Mazandaran University
Babol-IRAN Babol-IRAN

Key Words: UPFC - Energy Storage System - Steady State – Power Flow Control

Abstract :
The demand of electricity is strongly increasing .The lag of the transmission becomes
obvious because of the capacity and control issues. One of the interesting controllers in the
transmission system is UPFC. The UPFC can control active and reactive power in a
transmission system. Combination of UPFC and Energy Storage System (ESS) makes
UPFC/ESS able to produce active power. And therefore improves steady state operation of
UPFC.
This paper first introduces steady state models of UPFC and a sophisticated control
strategy. The limitation of steady state operation of ESS is mentioned. UPFC/ESS steady
state controller is developed. At the end, ESS effect on the UPFC steady state operation is
discussed.

143
 98-F-PQA-497

SIMULATION OF A PASSIVE SOFT-SWITCHING DUAL-

BOOST TOPOLOGY FOR POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

Jaffar Mily-Monfared S Saeid Taheri

Amirkabir University of Technology Amirkabir University of Technology

Keywords: Soft-Switching, Boost, Power Factor, Simulation

Abstract :
AC/DC Converters are commonly used in our industries, so its related studies are very
popular topics in power-electronic subject. Distortion reduction of output voltage, loss-
reduction, and independency of any control circuitry are high interested research topics.
This paper presents a new passive soft-switching Dual-Boost topology that is suitable for
higher power level single phase PFC (Power Factor Correction) rectification. No extra
switch and control circuitry are needed. With a few add-on passive components both power
switches realize zero current turn-on and zero voltage turn-off (Soft Switching). The
operation principle is explained in this paper.
The simulations for this topology are included in this paper. The simulation results and an
experimental model are compared with.

144
 98-F-PQA-499

ASSESSING AND COMPARING OF POWER QUALITY

INDEXES IN DIFFERENT POWER QUALITY STANDARDS

Hassan Siahkali Davood Jalali

Niroo Research Institute
Tehran, Iran

Keywords: Power Quality Standards, Power Quality Indexes, and Power Quality Measurement

Abstract:
Power Quality has become an increasing concern to utilities and customers. The increased
concern has resulted in measuring power quality variations and characteristic disturbances
for different distribution companies.
At first, in this paper is explained some differences of Iranian Power Quality Standards
(IPQS) with respect to other power quality standards such as: IEC61000, EN50160 and
IEEE519. Then, the results of power quality indexes in 20 customer loads at two voltage
levels 20kV and 380v are investigated. The measurement period is 7 days with 10 minutes
intervals.
At the end of this paper, some power quality indexes like Total Harmonic Distortion of
Voltage (THDV), Voltage Flicker (PST and PLT) in over %50 of measurement points are
obtained over limits in IPQS. But these difficulties have not been observed in other
standards. Consequently, it seems the IPQS must be reviewed and new edition must be
released.

145
 98-F-PQA-502

A FAST CONTROL TECHNIQUE FOR UPQC CONTROL

SYSTEM USING IMPROVED FFT ALGORITHM

M. Forghani S. Afsharnia
Department of electrical and computer engineering,
University of Tehran
Tehran, Iran

Key Words- power quality, Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), FFT algorithm, harmonic
compensation.

Abstract :
In this paper, a novel control technique based on improved FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)
algorithm is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of Unified Power Quality Conditioner
(UPQC) control technique based on Fourier analysis. Because of the inherent time delay of
FFT algorithm based control technique, UPQC (with this control technique) can not be
used for compensating variable load current perturbations, whereas, the proposed control
technique compensate perturbations of load current in various conditions. By using this
novel control technique, DC link voltage variation is not considerable, because the time
delay for extracting the fundamental component of load current (which have great effect on
DC link capacitor voltages) decreases significantly. Analysis and modeling of the UPQC
with FFT control technique and proposed control scheme as well as simulation results are
presented. Results show that the accuracy of proposed method is better than FFT control
technique and unsymmetrical, dynamic and variable load current can be compensated
without any considerable time delay.

146
 98-F-PQA-511

DEVELOPMENT OF STATCOM FOR IMPROVED POWER

QUALITY IN TEHRAN METRO

Sarhang zadeh,M. Hosseini, S.H.Ajami,A.

Tabriz Electric Power Distribution Electrical Engineering Department

Company Faculty of Engineering.University of
Tabriz.

Keywords : Metro , Statcom , Active filter , PSCAD/EMTDC

Abstract:
In this paper a statcom with passive filter is developed for improved power quality in
Tehran Metro. The proposed Statcom can be used as both an inverter and an Active filter .
As an Active filter , it can compensate for harmonic distortion and reactive power and as an
inverter , it can recycle regenerative energy caused by decelerating trains.

147
 98-F-PQA-515

A NEW ARCHITECTURES AND CONTROL FOR PARALLEL

OPERATION U.P.S. SYSTEMS

L. Zeini, S. H. Hosseini, M. Tarafdar Haque, S. Khanmohammadi

Departeman of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabriz

Keywords: Parallel U.P.S., inverters, Voltage-Controlled, Current-Controlled

Abstract :
this paper proposes a new parallel operation control of Uninterruptible Power Supplies
(UPSs). The scheme of combination Voltage-Controlled and Current-Controlled PWM
inverters for parallel operation of three-phase UPS is presented. The voltage-Controlled
PWM Inverter unit as a master is operates to keep a constant sinusoidal wave output
voltage. The Current-Controlled PWM Inverter units are operated as slave controlled to
track the distributive current. This system is applicable to link new type of DC power
sources, such as fuel cells or photovoltaic cells to utility power systems. This structure
consists of tree unit. The operation of each unit is described and a typical system is
simulated and simulation results are given.

148
 98-F-PQA-781

ARAK MASHINSAZI POWER QUALITY ASSESSMENTS,

ANALAYS AND PRESENTING SUITABLE SOLUTIONS

S. Barghinia1 D. Jalali 1 A.Rezaie2 F.Safianian2

1. Electrical Power System Research Center – Niroo Research Institute

2. Bakhtar Regional Electric Company
Tehran – Iran

Keywords: Power Quality, Flicker, Voltage Unbalancing, Voltage THD, Voltage Harmonics

Abstract:
Nowadays power quality has become a great concern for electric power systems. Because
the increasing use of sensitive and nonlinear system loads, the importance of power quality
is cleared.
In this paper, for assessing the industrial loads power quality problems, Arak Mashinsazi is
selected. This load involves welding machines, arc furnaces and etc. So power quality
parameters at the point of common coupling of the Mashinsazi were measured with power
quality analyzer for a week. Then measured parameters were analyzed through Iran power
quality and EN50160 European standards. Finally suitable solutions were presented for
power quality problems.

149
 98-F-PQA-806

EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC REACTIVE COMPENSATION IN ARC

FURNACE OPERATION CHARACTERISTICS

Mohammad Hejri1, Hossein Mokhtari2

Azerbaijan Regional Electric Company1, Sharif University of Technology2, 1

Iran

Keywords: Electric Arc Furnace, Reactive Power Compensation, SVC, Power Quality

Abstract:
For Steel industries optimum operation with high efficiency is of the first importance. On
the other hand, extra investments in the supply side of electric arc furnaces may have been
seen as redundant cost. Application of devices such as SVCs or STATCOMs for reactive
power compensation and power quality improvement is from these works. In this paper, the
effects of dynamic reactive power compensation by SVCs in steel industries in different
operation conditions such as constant current, voltage and power and from different point
of views such as electrode and refractory consumption and production process are
investigated. It is shown that this operation have some benefits for steel companies too.
Supply system of a typical arc furnace is simulated using MATLAB software and the
effects of reactive power compensation on the operating characteristics of an arc furnace
are simulated.

150
 98-F-PSS-140

STUDYING OF DYNAMIC EFFECT OF OVERALL NETWORK

EVENTS ON SOUTH EAST NETWORK AND THE WAYS OF
INCREASING STABILITY (2)

Er. Seyed Ali Asghar Hosseini Er. Bibi Tahereh Hosseini Dr. Hmid Lesani
Resanir Company Kerman Electric Company Tehran University
Iran-Kerman Iran-Kerman Iran –Tehran

Keywords: dynamic stability,unstability , PSS, south east network,overall network

Abstract :
During last years south east network has been one of the networks with some problems in
the power system of overall network. The most important power plant in this area is Bandar
abbas power plant that is at the lowest point of the overall network. It has connected to the
network via several long lines. In this reason during translating of large amount of power,
the power plant becomes unstable. For improving dynamic stability, large studies has been
done in 1368 and base on that, necessary regulations has been done on PSS (power system
stabilizer) of each unit. Since that year the structure of south east and overall networks
have largely changed. By attention on last problems, dynamic stability studies should be
done again with considering on new structure of networks.
In this paper dynamic stability studies for presence structure of networks and Bandar Abbas
power plant with two machine model will be done and new regulations for PSS will be
presented .

151
 98-E-PSS-183

COST REDUCTION AND TRANSMISSION SECURITY

AUGMENT IN UNIT COMMITMENT USING UPFC

Ahad Kazemi Mohsen Najafi

Iran University of Science & Technology, Iran

Key Words: UPFC, Unit Commitment, Security, Transmission, Priority list Benders decomposition

Abstract:
This paper presents the influence of UPFC to increase transfer capacity and augment
transmission security in unit commitment problem. Some effects of using FACTS devices
are to increase transmission capability and control power flow. In the overloaded lines, the
problem will be solved without UPFC and with UPFC considering transmission constraints.
Using Benders decomposition, the formulation is decomposed into a master problem and a
subproblem. The master problem without transmission constraints is solved using priority
list method. In the case of transmission flow infeasibility, Benders cuts are produced for
unit commitment rescheduling. Installation of UPFC reduces cost and considers
transmission constraints. Problem formulation, representation and the simulation results for
6 generator in the 26 bus network is tested and influence of UPFC is investigated.

152
 98-E-PSS-195

GENERATOR’S REACTIVE POWER SUPPORT TO ACTIVE

LOADS IN A POOL MODEL MARKET

M. Parniani, P. Maghuli
Sharif University of Technology
Tehran, Iran

Keywords: reactive power allocation, active power tracing, reactive power requirement

Abstract
The new trend in electricity market considers reactive power as an ancillary service which
should be paid for it. Unbundling reactive power support leads to a necessity for an
equitable and fair allocation mechanism for this support. The allocation mechanism is a
prerequisite for a pricing scheme. In this paper, first the effect of active power delivery on
generators’ reactive power output is shown on a test system. Then upon definition of the
problem, a simple and yet accurate method is proposed to allocate reactive power
generation due to active power of load. Results of a case study using the proposed method
are also presented.

153
 98-F-PSS-197

REACTIVE POWER ALLOCATION TO BILATERAL

TRANSACTIONS

M. Parniani, P. Maghuli
Sharif University of Technology
Tehran, Iran

Keywords: bilateral transactions, reactive power allocation, fair allocation of resources

Abstract
In a restructured power system, one of the most important ancillary services is reactive
power which is produced by generators. Proliferation of bilateral transaction leads to new
problems such as reactive power allocation. Because of local nature of reactive power, it
can not transferred over long distances so generators which are not involve in a particular
transaction may support its reactive power requirements.
In this paper an exact and practical method for reactive power allocation to bilateral
transactions is presented. For this purpose, first direct use of AC load flow and fair
allocation algorithm is introduced and discussed and next, the modified method is
presented. The performance and capabilities of suggested method is tested on a typical
network by MATLAB (PST) software.

154
 98-F-PSS-261

VOLTAGE & POWER STABILITY ANALYSIS OF MULTI-

INFEED HVDC SYSTEMS

Mohammad Reza Mirsepassi Abbas Shoulaie

Electrical Engineer (M.Sc Degree) Professor of Electrical Engineering College
I.U.S.T I.U.S.T

Keywords : Voltage & Power Stability , Multi-Infeed HVDC System , Reduced Power Flow
Jacobian Matrix , Modal & Standard Maximum Power Curve (MMPC & SMPC) , Modal & Local
Voltage stability Factors , Modal Analysis , Minimum Eigen value

Abstract
Whereas, connecting different HVDC Systems to each other causes more complicated
Power System that study and analysis of Voltage and Power Stability according to the
common methods for Single-Infeed HVDC Systems have basic difference with analysis
them ; In This Paper, based on Modal Analysis of Reduced Power Flow Jacobian Matrix
(QV), A Quasi-Static method in order to evaluation Margins and Limits of Voltage
Stability of Multi-Infeed HVDC Systems has been presented and it’s local indice has also
been presented. Meanwhile, based on Maximum Available Power Concept (MAP) and by
means of Reduced Power Flow Jacobian matrix (PI), two different methods named, Modal
and Standard (MMPC & SMPC) that Modal method is akin to Modal Voltage Stability
Factor Method (MVSF), for evaluating and study of Power Stability at DC Links has been
presented. In this methods, Quasi-Static assumptions have been used and Complex
Dynamics of HVDC System have been ignored. Also, all used methods with help of
(AC/DC) Power-Flow Program, and Numerical Calculations Programs (Matlab) for a Dual-
Converter System have been implemented and Limits & Margins of Stability (Voltage and
Power Stability Characteristics) have been shown and discussed. Eventually, PSCAD-
EMTDC Simulator for the purpose of confirmation of the theoretical results have been used
and Simulation Results have been shown.

155
 98-F-PSS-291

VOLTAGE STABILITY MONITORING BASED ON NEAREST

NEIGHBORHOOD ALGORITHM OF FUZZY CLUSTERING
AND MODAL ANALYSIS

A. Zangeneh M. Hajatipour S. Jadid

M. S. student M. S. student Associated Professor

Electrical Engineering Faculty

Iran University of Science and Technology
Tehran-Iran

Keywords: Voltage Stability, Modal Analysis, Participation Factors, Fuzzy Clustering

Abstract
In this paper a fuzzy clustering approach is used for voltage stability monitoring of power
system. In this method the key elements which affect the system voltage stability are
determined using modal analysis and then these elements are selected as inputs of the fuzzy
system. Since fuzzy clustering has a more simple structure and lower amount of
calculations, it is selected among other fuzzy techniques. Also, by use of this method,
voltage stability monitoring is determined without need of experience and trial and error
measures. Here, 63 different situations of IEEE 14 bus test system are simulated and
utilized to train the fuzzy system. The proposed fuzzy system is tested with 10 different
cases and their results show the capability of this method to monitor voltage stability
appropriately.

156
 98-E-ACI-351

DESIGN OF ROBUST MODULATION CONTROLLER BASED

ON µ SYNTHESIS FOR DYNAMIC STABILITY
IMPROVEMENT OF AC/DC POWER SYSTEM

K.Rahmani G.B.Gharehpetian M.Karrari

Electrical Engineering Department

Amir Kabir University of Technology
15719, Tehran, Iran

Keywords: µ Analysis and Synthesis, AC/DC Power System, Dynamic Stability, DC Modulation

Abstract
This paper presents a new µ robust controller method, which can be used for small signal
stability improvement of AC/DC power system. It is shown that the suggested method can
improve the system stability disturbances and it can perfectly consider the uncertainties of
the power system. The simulation results verify the capability of the suggested method and
designed controller.

157
 98-E-PSS-448

A NOVEL METHOD FOR FAST COMPUTATION OF SADDLE-

NODE BIFURCATION IN POWER SYSTEMS USING AN
OPTIMISATION TECHNIQUE

F.Karbalaei S.Jadid M.Kalantar

Department of Electrical Engineering

Iran University of Science & Technology
Tehran-Iran

Key Words: Saddle-Node Bifurcation, Optimisation.

ABSTRACT
In this paper, a new method for computation of saddle-node bifurcation is presented. In this
method, initially the problem is converted to an optimisation problem, then solving the
optimisation problem, saddle-node bifurcation that is the optimum point is obtained. Here
instead of calculating several power flows, with very fewer iterative solution of the
optimisation equations which are similar to power flow equations, the saddle-node
bifurcation is obtained. The number of iterations in which the optimisation problem is
solved directly depends on the number of reactive power resources reaching to their limits
before saddle-node bifurcation occurs. In the proposed method, for the increase of the
active power at PV buses, loss function has been considered. The simulations using a
typical network highlighted the proposed method can rapidly compute the voltage collapse
point much faster than other techniques.

158
 98-F-PSS-479

A FUZZY MODEL FOR LONG TERM GENERATION

EXPANSION PLANNING WITH THERMAL UNITS

Amir Hossein Fakehi, Mahmud Fotuhi Firuzabad, Mehdi Ehsan

Sharif University of Technology – Electrical Engineering Department
Tehran, I.R. Iran

Keywords: Generation Expansion Planning, Fuzzy Reliability Analysis, Fuzzy Dynamic

Programming

Abstract:
Restructuring of power systems has raised a number of complex questions about planning
activities and operations. In the planning studies, consumer satisfaction is one of the most
important aims of power generation companies. On the other hand, complexities in
privatized and competitive generation system placed a number of uncertainties in decision
making parameters. In this paper, a mathematical formulation is presented in which these
uncertainties are modeled using fuzzy numbers and “Decision Making in Fuzzy
Environment” theory. The practical WASP model for generation expansion has been
studied and, with some changes in its formulation, and using Fuzzy Dynamic Programming
method, a fuzzy model for optimal generation expansion has been proposed. On the basis of
the proposed model, a C++ code has been developed. The results of a test-case sample
thermal power generation system in both conventional and fuzzy optimization procedures
are presented. Practical advantages of the fuzzy model are discussed in the paper.

159
 98-E-PSS-614

OPTIMAL NONLINEAR TRANSIENT CONTROL WITH

NEURO-AVR OF SINGLE-MACHINE INFINITE-BUS POWER
SYSTEMS

Mahdi Jalili-Kharaajoo

Automatic Control Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne

(EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

Keywords: Power system transient stability, Voltage regulation, Optimal Control, Nonlinear
feedback control, HJB equation, Neural networks.

Abstract
In this paper, a method to design a nonlinear optimal controller using approximate solution
of the HJB equation is presented. Using this method, the power system stabilizer is
designed. In order to regulate generator terminal voltage to its nominal value, we will use a
simple neuro-automatic voltage regulator. The final control action is the sum of nonlinear
optimal controller and neuro-voltage regulator. Also, the advantages of the controller with
nonlinear feedback in some grounds like increasing domain of validity of the system will be
shown. Simulation results show that the nonlinear control action exhibits a better
performance compared to that of corresponding linear counter part. As a result, the fault
tolerance of the system using the nonlinear control law is increased. Also, the proposed
voltage regulator, which can be trained on-line, shows satisfactory performance.

160
 98-E-PSS-654

A ROBUST AND ADAPTIVE TEMPORAL DIFFERENCE

LEARNING BASED MLP NEURAL NETWORK FOR FLEXIBLE
AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

Farzan Rashidi, Mehran Rashidi, Hamid Monavar, Abdolsaheb Arjomand

Hormozgan Regional Electric Co., Bandar-Abbas, Iran

Key Words- Temporal difference learning, MLP neural network, FACTS, real and reactive power,
transient stability

Abstract :
A neuro-control approach for flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) based on
temporal difference learning based multilayer perceptron neural network (TDMLP) is
presented in this paper. The proposed scheme consists of a single neuron network whose
input is derived from the active or reactive power or voltage derivation at the power system
bus, where the FACTS device (in this case an unified power flow controller) is located. The
performance and usefulness of this approach is tested and evaluated using both single-
machine infinite-bus and two-machine power system subjected to various transient
disturbances. It was found that the new intelligent controller for FACTS exhibits a superior
dynamic performance in compensation to the existing classical control schemes. Its simple
architecture reduces the computational overhead, thereby real-time implementation.

161
 98-F-PSS-686

GENERATING CAPACITY PLANNING USING RELIABILITY

CRITERION A PRACTICAL CASE STUDY IN IRAN

Keywords: Reliability,Generating capacity, Planning

Abstract:
Reliability is an important parameter in the planning, design and operation of an electric
power system.The time period required to design, construct and commission a large
generating station can be quite extensive (5 to 10 years) depending on the environmental
and regulatory requirements.It therefore becomes necessary to determine the system
requirements considerably in advance of the actual unit in- service date.The actual load at
an extended time in the future is also uncertain and should be considered as a random
variable.This paper focuses on adequacy evaluation and planning for generating capacity
studies with a practical case study in Iran.A sensitivity analysis is conducted in this paper to
examine the impact on generating capacity reliability criterion of factors such as peak load
variation and the size of generating capacity.

162
 98-F-PSS-713

IMPACTS OF DG'S ON THE RELIABILITY

OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS

A. Ehsani A. Abbaspour Tehrani-Fard M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad A.M. Ranjbar

School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology

Tehran-Iran

Keywords-Distributed Generation, Reliability.

Abstract:
The current industry transition period to competition has made it clear that the old approach
to reliability evaluation is difficult to use in a restructured electric power utility industry.
This paper describes the reliability problems within the new electric power systems and
demonstrates how Distributed Generation (DG) can provide an effective solution to those
problems for both the system and individual customers.

163
 98-F-PSS-731

EFFECT OF INTERNAL DISTURBANCES OF SOUTH EAST

NETWORK ON ITS DYNAMIC STABILITY AND THE WAYS
OF INCREASING STABILITY(1)

Er. Seyed Ali Asghar Hosseini Er. Bibi Tahereh Hosseini Dr. Hmid Lesani
Resanir Company Kerman Electric Company Tehran University
Iran-Kerman Iran-Kerman Iran –Tehran

Keywords: dynamic stability,unstability , PSS, south east network,overall network

Abstract
The overall network conditions and the position of bandar abbass power plant at the end of
this network have provided special conditions for south east area , so that this power plant
have not dynamic stability without power system stabilizer (pss) during its nominal power.
During any small disturbance in network, its electrical and mechanical parameters will
swing. This problem has been one of the basic problems of the south east network after
installing of this power plant because it was not possible to use all its generated power. in
1368 a group of researchers installed the PSS of this power plant and regulated its gain
coefficients successfully for the networks structure of that time.
By attention on last problems, dynamic stability studies should be done again with
considering on new structure of networks.
In this paper dynamic stability studies for presence structure of networks and Bandar Abbas
power plant with machine and infinite bus model (single machine model) will be done and
new regulations for PSS will be presented .

164
 98-F-PSS-734

INTERRUPTIBLE LOAD MANAGEMENT METHOD BY

CONSIDERING VOLTAGE STABILITY IN A RESTRUCTURED
POWER SYSTEM: AN OPF APPROACH

B. Mozafari1,2 T.Amraee1,2 A.M.Ranjbar1,2 A.R.Shirani2 A.Ostadi1,2

1.Sharif University of Technology 2.Niroo Resesarch Institute

Iran-Tehran

Key Words: Restructured Power System, Voltage Stability, OPF, Interruptible Loads

Abstract:
Today’s the traditional structure of the power system all over the world has been changed.
In new structure electricity is going to be supplied by the free market. This will cause that
every competitors try to use the maximum capacity of power system, which have a direct
effect on the system security and stability. On the other hand the recent blackouts in
different parts of the world have drawn attention to the network stability issue.
Voltage stability margin (VSM) is an important factor that represents the maximum stress
can be bore by the system. It has been shown that reactive power and interruptible loads
have a significant effect on improving this indicator. In this paper we used VSM as a main
constrain in the proposed optimal power flow equation. The amounts of reactive power
from independent resources as well as interruptible loads are assumed to be decision-
making variables in our programming, hence we study different strategies that independent
system operator can be selected to increase VSM and investigate the impact of distinctive
decisions on the price of used ancillary services.
Cost and voltage stability analysis are integrated using an optimal power flow formulation
which is solved using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The proposed methodology
is tested on the IEEE 14- bus system.

165
 98-F-PSS-736

REACTIVE RESERVE ALLOCATION USING PARICLE

SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM IN A
RESTRUCTURED POWER SYSTEM

B. Mozafari1,2 A.M.Ranjbar1,2 A.R.Shirani2 A.Mozafari1

1.Sharif University of Technology 2.Niroo Resesarch Institute

Iran-Tehran

Key Words: Restructured Power System, Voltage Stability, OPF, Particle Swarm Optimization

Abstract:
Nowadays, electrical energy is going to be supplied in a competitive framework.
Establishment of a market mechanism can promote competition among all participants
properly, however, it is important to notice that energy should be transferred from
generation points to customers area without violating security of a system. Usually
management of reactive power recourses can help security problem in a power system
drastically. Voltage stability margin is a useful index that shows the distance between
operating point and voltage instability limits. This margin can be easily computed through
an optimization framework. This margin is used to allocate reactive power among
generators better. This goal is implemented via an optimization framework consisting of
reactive power cost minimization procured from resources while a specified voltage
stability margin should be provided. Ordinary constraints such as voltage limits and
generation of active and reactive limits are also considered. The best solution in a defined
searching region is computed by applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to
this problem. The results are also compared to those obtained from genetic algorithm for
assessing the proposed methodology in a 14-Bus IEEE standard test network.

166
 98-F-PSS-748

STATIC SECURITY ENHANCEMENT USING PHASE SHIFTERS

Reza Keypour M. R. Haghifam Hossein Seifi

Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Key Words: Phase Shifter, Security, Allocation, Optimization, Genetic Algorithm.

Abstract:
This paper deals with obtaining suitable DC model of phase shifters, and a brief discussion
about their effects on power system operation and security. To determine the optimal phase
shifters’ angles maximizing the network security, a set of linear equations is obtained in the
form of a matrix equation, as a result of using a continuous and derivable index for
reflecting the network security. This fast optimization procedure, makes it suitable to use in
combinatorial algorithms, to solve phase shifter allocation optimization problems. This
paper also presents a new algorithm for phase shifter allocation in power systems, by
mixing the above procedure with genetic algorithm. IEEE 14 bus and 118 bus systems are
used as test cases.

167
 98-E-PSS-788

TRANSMISSION CONGESTION MANAGEMENT WITH

FACTS DEVICES IN RESTRUCTURED POWER SYSTEM

A. Kazemi1 H.A.shayanfar1 M.Rashidi nezhad2,3 M.H.Javidi2,4 M.Barati1,2

1. Iran University of Science &Technology
2. Iran Electricity Regulatory Commission (IERC)
3. Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
4. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Tehran - Iran

Abstract:
This article describes the applications of flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices
to deal with combined active and reactive congestion management under a deregulated
environment. Based on a modified ac optimal power flow model, the study takes into
account congestion management under both a pool market model and a bilateral market
model with quadratic incremental and decremental bidding curves. The adjusted bidding
cost of reactive power and how to coordinate with FACTS controllers are discussed. All
major FACTS device such as unified, series and shunt controllers are considered by power
injection model (PIM). The IEEE 30-bus system is used for numerical studies. The results
show that system operators can reduce the cost of congestion management while improving
the voltage profile of the system simultaneously by using FACTS devices.

168
 98-F-PSS-816

OPTIMAL POWER FLOW BY GENETIC ALGORITHM IN

RESTRUCTURED POWER SYSTEMS CONTAINING UPFC-
EMBEDDED TRANSMISSION LINES

G.R. Kamyab 1 M.Jazaeeri 2 H.Modaghegh 3

(1) Azad Eslami Gonabad University

(2) Semnan University
(3) Khorasan Electric Company

Abstract:
In this paper, First, We introduce UPFC model and derive its equations using two pole
circuit proprieties. Then we express Optimal Power Flow (OPF). Objective function in the
OPF, that is to be minimized, is total production cost function of the generators. The OPF
constraints are generators, transmission lines and UPFCs Limits. We propose Genetic
Algorithm with an effective fitness function to consider the objective function and all
equality and inequality constraints. Also we explain implementation of this method. We
drive DC Load Flow in power systems contained UPFC. DC Load Flow is used to solve the
OPF problem. We apply the proposed method to a test power system and state its results.
The results show good efficiency of the Genetic Algorithm and proposed fitness function to
solve the Problem with all generation and transmission and UPFC constraints. Also we
show that the UPFC can control the power flow in lines and help keep re-dispatched values
of generators to close to preferred schedules. The UPFC can bring the system into a feasible
operating condition in cases where security cannot be accomplished with existing network
capacities and may allow more contracts to be held in a restructured environment.

169
 98-F-PTL-208

DEICING OF GHARB REGIONAL ELECTRIC POWER

COMPANY’S MV LINES BY JOULE HEATING

S.Farokhi1, 2 , P.Esmaeili2, M.M.Ghorbi3, B.Y.Calareh3

1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology

2. Niroo Research Institute (NRI)
3. Gharb Regional Electric power Co.

Keywords: Deicing, medium voltage lines, Joule heating method

Abstract :
In this paper, the principle of Joule heating for overhead transmission lines deicing is
proposed.
This method is applicable on transmission lines simply, and is able to melt accumulated ice
in a short time. In the mountain regions of Iran e.g. areas in the Gharb Regional Electric
Power Co. in Kurdistan province in the cold seasons of year, ice accumulation on
transmission lines cause many problems, thus in this deicing by Joule heating method for
two 63 KV lines in this area (Saghez-Baneh and Sanandaj2-Marivan) as a case study is
described.

170
 98-E-ACI-351

ELECTRICAL MODIFIDED 120KN PORCELAIN DISK INSULATOR

Bizhan babaie nezhad, Hassan Amiri,Iman rahmatnezhad

Iran insulator co.
Iran

Key Word: Disk insulator,Flash over,Corona,Field intensity

Abstract :
The scope of this article concerns to geometrical design modification of disc insulator
120kN, manufactured by Iran Insulator Company. In this article in the interim of discussion
on the principles of electrical specification of disc insulators, on the surface of the previous
design and new design a feasibility study has been done and then followed analyst and
discussion of its electrical field distribution.
In contrast to previous geometry design of standard disc insulators, according to standard
with having a limitation in creepage distance and disc diameter, all the aforesaid points in
new modified design is considered. Study on electrical field distribution survey has been
performed by ANSYS F-Element , software and used boundary condition is calculated
according to its used condition in overhead lines. The modifided disk insulator has got type
test certificate from IEN laboratory in Poland on Feb,2004.

171
 98-F-PTL-265

THE INFLUENCE OF SAG IN THE ELECTRIC FIELD OF HIGH

VOLTAGE OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES

Mona Ghassemi Babak Porkar Mohsen Pour Rafi Arabani

Dep. of Engineering Dep. of Electrical Engineering Moshanir
University of Shahed Sharif University of Technology

Keywords: Sag Line, Electrical Field, Transmission Line

Abstract:
Common methods for the calculation of electric fields created by power transmission lines
assume straight lines parallel to a flat ground. The influence of the sag due to the line
weight is neglected or modeled by introducing an “effective” height in between the
maximum and the minimum heights of the line. In this work we compare values of the
fields created by parallel lines and catenary lines.
In this paper a new method for exact computation of electric fields of high transmission line
with considering sag line is presented. We find that for pronounced sags there are large
differences between values of electric field predicted by the exact calculation and the
straight line approximation.

172
 98-F-PTL-266

FAULT LOCATION FOR

THREE TERMINAL TRANSMISSION LINES

E.Kamyab1,2 J.Sadeh1 M.H. Javidi1

(1) (2)
Electrical Group, Faculty of Khorasan Regional Electric
Engineering , Ferdowsi University, Company, IRAN
Mashad, IRAN

Key Words : Fault Location Algorithm , Three Termina Lines , Fault Locators, Time Domain
distributed Lines

Abstract
Conventional of fault location methods using one terminal voltages and currents are not
applicable to multi terminal systems. There have been some techniques presented to solve
fault location problem on multi terminal transmission lines. In these methods lumped or
frequency domain distribution models are used for transmission lines. In this paper a
technique based on time domain transmission line model to identify the section of fault and
to determine the location of faults in three transmission lines . In the proposed algorithm
the data windows is very narrow, that is less than half cycle of voltages and currents waves.
Samples of voltages and currents at three terminals of the line are used synchronously to
calculate the location of fault. The method is independent of fault impedance and
insensitive to load currents and source impedance. The paper starts with a two terminal line
to explain the principles, and then extend to a three terminal lines. The results of computer
simulation using ATP/EMTP software confirm the accuracy and precision of the proposed
method .

173
 98-E-PTL-358

DE-ICING POWER TRANSMISSION AND SUB TRANSMISSION

LINES OF WESTERN MOUNTAINOUS DISTRICTS OF IRAN,
IMPLEMENTING INJECTION OF HIGH FREQUENCY
CURRENT

M.Asadi P.Esmaeili P.Khazaee S.Farzalizadeh

Department of transmission lines & substations,

Niroo Research Institute (NRI),
Iran

Keywords: de-icing, standing waves, dielectric losses, joule losses.

Abstract:
This paper presents a method and experience of ice shedding from conductors of 63 kV
overhead lines on the supply territory of the Gharb power utility (one of the power utilities
of Iran). This de-icing technique is applicable for hot line conductors and may be carried
out by exciting of a transmission lines by injection of high frequency power (or current)
through a power inverter and coupling circuit with applying joule and dielectric losses.
Currently power networks of Kurdistan province have inconveniences with subsequent
entanglements of ice accretion on overhead power lines. Proposed countermeasure may be
employed as a remedy for this problem. In this paper, appropriate values for voltage,
frequency and power of the inverter that is to be used for De-icing of transmission lines
are designated precisely. The paper gives results of calculations, which confirm the
efficiency of this method.

174
 98-F-PTL-359

EFFECTS OF PARALLEL FACTS DEVICES ON VOLTAGE

STABILITY

Ahad Kazemi Heidar Ali Shayanfar Mehdi Hosseini

Associated professor Professsor PhD student
Electrical Eng. Department, Iran University of Science and Technology

Keywords: FACTS Devices, Steady-State Voltage and Power Stability, SVC, STATCOM

Abstract
This paper presents a study of Parallel FACTS devices mainly Static Var Compensator
(SVC) and STATic COMpensator (STATCOM) on steady-state voltage and power
Stability. Their steady-state modeling and effects on power system performance have been
studied. It also studies static stability improvement of the power system and hence power
flow improvement in the network. Effects of FACTS on system loadability have been
discussed and presented here. A method based on the concept of maximum power transfer
capability of the lines has been used to identify the optimum place for the implementation
of FACTS devices. In this study, the limits of active and reactive power in PV buses are
considered. The study has been carried out on the IEEE 24 bus test system. Test system
reveals that the incorporation of SVC and STATCOM significantly improves static voltage
stability, the line power transfer capability and loadability of the system and therefore, the
stability of the system is increased. It has also been observed that for the improvement of
these parameters, the STATCOM is more adequate than the SVC.

175
 98-E-PTL-362

THE INVESTIGATION OF TIE LINES SEQUENCE

ON POWER LOSS MINIMIZATION

A. Kazemi H. Heydari S. M. Pedram Razi

Iran University of Science & Technology
Department of Electrical Engineering

Keywords: distribution system, loss minimization, system reconfiguration

Abstract
This paper presents a new method for reconfiguration of the network in a distribution
system. This method will find which one of tie lines should be opened first to obtain the
lowest loss. Comparing this method with conventional methods shows that if the tie lines
are opened respectively, one of the arrangements has the lowest loss. The proposed method
of the highest loss reduction which leads to the most improvement in power delivery
efficiency is tested on a 12.66 kV, 32-bus distribution system. The comparison of the
results of the new method with the previous one is also presented.

176
 98-F-PTL-370

CALCULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF TTC USING REAL

POWER FLOW PERFORMANCE INDEX AND SENSITIVITY
ANALYSIS BY TCSC

Ahmad Gholami Ahad Kazemi Mostafa Modiri

Electrical Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology

Keywords: Total Transfer Capability, FACTS Devices, real power flow performance index

Abstract
In deregulated power systems, total transfer capability (TTC) analysis is presently a critical
issue either in the operating or planning. One of the methods of reducing the power flows in
heavily loaded lines resulting in an increased transfer capability is using FACTS devices. In
this paper a method for enhancing the total transfer capability based on sensitivity analysis
and real power flow performance index has been developed. optimal location of TCSC for
enhancing TTC will be determined by performance index sensitivity to control parameter of
TCSC. Sensitivity analysis is used for total transfer capability calculation. In TTC
calculation, thermal limit of transmission lines, voltage magnitude and generation limit
constrains is considered. The proposed algorithm is applied on a sample system and the
result show that TCSC has a proper effect on TTC.

177
 98-F-PTL-391

PROBABILISTIC STATIC SECURITY ASSESSMENT OF

POWER SYSTEMS USING SELF ORGANIZING MAP

G.R. Kamyab 1 N.Sadati 2

M.Fotoohi 2
S.Alishahi 3

(1) Mashhad Electric Power Distribution Company and Azad Eslami Gonabad University
(2) Sharif Industry University
(3) Mashhad Electric Distribution Company

Abstract :
Due to some uncertainties in power systems such as load changes or transmission line
outages, probabilistic assessment of static security of power systems are necessary.
Probabilistic assessment has more important in deregulated electric power industry. In this
paper the occurrence of transmission line outages and loads are assumed as probabilistic.
We divide the system operating states into normal and abnormal states. We define the
probability of the normal state as security level index. To compute this index, we train a
Kohonen’s self organizing map neural network in the space of input signals in offline, to
classify the normal and abnormal power system states. Then we utilize the trained neural
network to compute the security index by monte carlo simulation method. In this method,
we are not restricted by type of load probability distribution. Also we don’t have any
problem for power system complexity. In this method, we need a low repetition for
analyzing of the power systems. The computation results on a typical power system,
indicates that the proposed method have sufficient accuracy and is suitable to utilize for real
time.

178
 98-F-PTL-426

A COMPREHENSIVE LOAD FLOW MODEL FOR UPFC AND

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (ESS)

S.A. Nabavi Niaki A. Esmaeili

Mazandaran University Mazandaran University
Babol-IRAN Babol-IRAN

Key Words: UPFC - Energy Storage System - Load Flow - Modeling

Abstract
For determine the effect of UPFC on steady state operation of system needs a model for
load flow. This paper introduces a comprehensive load flow model for UPFC. Then this
model is extended for UPFC-ESS (Energy Storage System) configuration.
The Energy Storage System can improve the UPFC performance by injecting real power
from dc link. The developed load flow model is used to identify UPFC-ESS characteristics.
The UPFC converters’ rating is also evaluated in the present of ESS.

179
 98-F-PTL-430

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN

ALUMINUM CONDUCTOR AND COPPER CONDUCTOR
CABLES

M. Tarafdar Hagh*, S. M. Seyyed Ghiasi**, M. Nahl**

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tabriz University*, Simcat Co.**, Tabriz, IRAN

Keywords: Cable, Aluminum Conductor, Copper Conductor

Abstract
This paper deals with technical and economical comparison between the aluminum
conductor and copper conductor cables. Using analytical analysis and standards, most
important parameters in using cables such as voltage drop, current rating, short circuit
current, outer diameter and weight are compared between two above-mentioned cables.
Using electrical parameters, the standard aluminum conductor cables and their equivalent
copper conductor cables are determined. The proposed aluminum conductor cables have
usually equal or better electrical characteristics compared with their equivalent copper
conductor cables. Finally, the cost of equivalent cables is considered using the prices of
Iran market to show the considerable advantages of aluminum conductor cables over
popular copper conductor cables.

180
 98-E-PTL-484

DESIGN AND ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT OF PHASE TO

PHASE COMPOSITE SPACER IN COMPACT TRANSMISSION
LINES

N. Sadeghian, N. Javaani

Tabriz Engineering Research Center

Keywords: spacer, compact transmission line, composite, buckling, Design.

Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation, which is done for the first time in Iran, is design
of spacers made of composite materials for compact transmission lines.
Design has been based on imposed forces including the wind aerodynamic force,
gravitational force of conductors and effects of ice and snow upon the conductors. First,
using the potential flow analysis of fluid mechanics, the wind force has been described and
applying the weight of the conductor together with ice and snow has been calculated. Then
considering the resultant force, stability and post-buckling of spacer has been discussed and
appropriate diameter has been selected. Design ends with choosing of composite materials
as constructing material. The spacer has been analyzed and optimized for prevention of
mechanical failures and finally the blowing spacing has been obtained:
For GFRP composite (Epoxy Resin) solid rod with Vf = 0.6 for nominal diameter, D = 40
mm & 54 mm, length L = 2 m & 4 m have been resulted, respectively.
For GFRP composite (Epoxy resin) Hollow rod with Vf = 0.6, for Di = 40 mm & 54 mm,
thicknesses of e = 7 mm & 5.2 mm calculated, respectively.

181
 98-F-PTL-518

TOWER SPOTTING ANALYSIS BY GENETIC ALGORITHM

Hooman Erfanian
Seyed Hossein Hosseinian

AmirKabir University
Iran

Abstract:
This paper presents a new method for solving spotting problem of overhead lines. This
problem deals with finding place and type of each tower in overhead transmission lines .
At first The spotting problem of overhead lines and its criteria are illustrated. Then human-
based approachs for solving spotting problem are introduced and the new approach based
on genetic algorithm for solving spotting problem is introduced and the results of proposed
method is compared with human based methods.

182
 98-F-PTL-570

AEOLIAN VIBRATION OF OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION

LINES, ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM WITHOUT EXTERNAL
DAMPER

Morteza H. Sadeghi 1, Hamid Mazaheri 2

1- Assistant Professor
2- M.S student
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tabriz University
Iran

Key words: Overhead Transmission Lines, Aeolian Vibration, Self Damping, Stockbridge Damper

Abstract
In this paper a dynamical model of transmission line considering the flexural rigidity and
tension effects without external damping is studied. Since the sag-to-span ratio is less than
1/8, so the system can be considered linear. At the first stage the governing equation of free
motion is obtained, it is shown that in the lower modes the flexural rigidity effect is
significant, and knowing the numerical value of this property is essential. However, by the
analytical methods, is very hard to obtain these values. Therefore an experimental method
of obtaining flexural rigidity property is introduced and the results whit other investigators
are compared. At the last stage, the vibration of the cable with wind-induced harmonic
excitation and considering the structural damping properties is investigated. It is observed
that at the higher modes, the flexural effects can be neglected, also the result shown that the
higher of the cable tension, the less of the flexural effects.

183
 98-F-PTL-619

STUDY OF THE ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES

AND ACCELERATED AGEING OF SILICON RUBBER

M.R.Meshkatoddini
Electric Materials Research Unit, Electrical Engineering Department,
PWIT University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract :
Silicon Rubber is one of the insulating materials which are increasingly used in electric
industry.
In this research electrical and thermal ageing stresses were applied to different specimens
of Silicon Rubber. These experiments were accomplished to investigate the ageing behavior
of this material under severe ambient conditions and to present a method to estimate its
remaining lifetime. It was shown that merely application of electric voltage, up to surface
flashover voltage of the specimens, during a short period is not able to cause a degradation;
but other ambient ageing factors such as heat, pollution, salt fog or ultra-violet radiation are
necessary too.
Temperatures higher than 350°C can cause ageing and degradation in silicon rubber. This
phenomenon is in agreement with Arrhenius Law, and the remaining lifetime of the
insulation can be estimated by using it.
The influence of thermal treatment on raw silicon and final silicon rubber product are also
studied in this paper and its flash point has been measured.

184
 98-F-PTL-644

SUITABLE METHODS FOR INCREASING TRANSMISSION

LINES CAPACITY

Jamshid Aghaei, Ghodrat Allah Heidari

Transmission and Distribution Section

MATN Company

Keywords: Transmission Lines, Capacity, Right-of-way

Abstract :
Increasing difficulties In obtaining new rights-of-way for transmission of electric power
over long distances call for the development of additional transmission options to maximize
the power transfer capabilities of transmission corridors.
This paper first, explores some general limitations of transmission lines capacity, then
presents strategies in maximizing the use of a defined capacity of transmission lines to
transmit power. Some of these strategies are respect to the type and shape of insulators and
configuration of phases, such as, horizontal, vertical and delta configuration and some other
methods, recommend changing the Geometric Mean Distance (GMD) of lines by resizing
the dimension of tower and conductors configurations.
As follow, paper presents new methods to use the existence Right-of-way to transmit more
electrical power.

185
 98-F-PTL-710

GLASS INSULATORS: CHARACTERISTICS, APPLICATION,

PROBLEMS, AND PERFORMANCE IN DIFFERENT CLIMATE
CONDITIONS

Mohammad.E Ebrahimi1, Bijan Babaeinedjad2

Maryam Kashitrash2, Mahnaz Shariati2

(1) Saveh Azad University, and (2) Iran Insulator Co.

Key words: Insulator, Glass, Porcelain, Mechanical and Electrical Properties

Abstract :
Insulator materials are divided to three categories: porcelain, glass, and composite. Several
factors such as insulator materials, climate conditions, and costs, should be considered to
select an appropriate insulator with optimum performance.
In this paper, glass insulators will be introduced. The glass insulators are also compared
with porcelain insulators. Performance in different climate conditions, concerns, and
problems of glass insulators will be discussed. The reasons for failing the glass insulators
are also explained. Finally, the effect of different atmospheric conditions on their
performance will be presented.

186
 98-F-PTL-721

TRANSMISSION LINES PATH FINDING BY RS & GIS

Reza Riahi Ali Reza Derogar Hasan Zareazade Kheibari

MS-EE BS-EE BS-EE

Abstract :
Transmission lines is one of the most important part in power electric industry of country
and alarge amount of money should be paid for its installation.
Long distance and impropper path is a financial factor and can incresa costs up to therty
percent of projects costs.
This paper describes a new method in selecting line route which will be performed by use
of remote sensing and sattelite pictures and geographic information systems.

187
 98-F-PTL-764

THE EFFECT OF SHAPE AND CONFIGURATION OF TOWER

ON TRANSMISSION LINE CAPACITY

R. Vartanian, Gh. Heidari, M. Hashemian

Transmission & Distribution Department

Matn Company

Key Words: Phase Clearance, Inductive and Capacitive Reactance, Compact Transmission Line
Capacity

ABSTRACT
Together with the positive aspects which are attributed to the compact transmission line in
comparison with the conventional line, it is understood that, by improving some electrical
parameters of this type of transmission line such as, line reactance, line capacitance and
surge impedance, the advantages of this type of line may be increased much more over the
conventional transmission line. That is why this type of transmission line is becoming so
favourable for being used in various electric power system of the world. One of the most
important parameter which may have a significant effect on the line capacity is the shape
and configuration of tower of transmission line.
This paper is dealing with this aspect of transmission line.

188
 98-F-PTL-795

THE LOOSENING PHENOMENON PROBLEMS IN

TRANSMISSION LINES

Due to Non-Standard Stringing Facilities

A.-Nasseh , Dr. B.zohouri Zanganeh , R.-Ghandehari

Tehran Regional Electric Company (Bureau of Technical Planning)
IRAN

Key Word: Loosening Phenomenon, Stringing Facilities, Line deformation.

Abstract
Transmission lines (TLs), during stringing practice, are exerted a special phenomenon
called "loosened wire" phenomenon and it is due to implementation of non-standard
stringing facilities i.e. (farm-tractor or bulldozer instead of standard, calibrated winch) for
pulling the wire and outer aluminum layers get popped out. This phenomenon has a number
of undesired both mechanical and electrical consequences. The mechanical problems due to
outer aluminum layers popped out which directly increases the outer diameter of the whole
ACSR wire, show themselves, at the points of clipping, clamping, fixing the wire to, the
insulator strings and specially during fixing (putting pressure on), the wire-joint clamps at
these joint points we obviously learn that the whole diameter of the wire has got increased,
because of the damaged and/or pinched off strands of outer aluminum layers. From the
electrical point of view , the wire gets hot ( more than expected ) when nominal current is
passing through the wire and this directly results in reduction of current carrying capacity
or power transmission capacity of line .

189
 98-F-REN-156

DYNAMIC STABILITY OF A POWER GRID-CONNECTED

PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY AND GRID INTERACTIVE
AFFECTS

A. Halvai Niasar Shahram Jadid Hassan Moghbeli

Iran University of Science & Technology Isfahan University of Technology

Key Words: Photovoltaic System, Dynamic Stability, Linearization, Eigenvalue Method, Transient
Performance, Stabilization

Abstract :

This paper presents dynamic stability analyses of a grid- connected photovoltaic (PV)
array subject to random fluctuations due to a cloudy weather. The eigenvalue scheme is
employed to examine dynamic performances of the studied grid-connected PV array. A
DC-to-DC boost converter to increase output DC voltage and a DC-to-AC one-phase
converter for connection to power grid have been used. Based of developed dynamic
equations the affect of grid voltage on to dynamic stability of PV system has been
simulated. Simulation results show that the instability in case of grid voltage variations
must be considered and a suitable stabilizer should be used.

190
 98-E-REN-159

A NEW APPROACH FOR CONTROL OF

WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS

M. SEDIGHIZADEH1,2 M. KALANTAR2
PhD Student Associate professor

1-Power System Studies Dept.-Power Engineering Consultants-MOSHANIR-Tehran-Iran

2-Electrical Dept.-Iran University of Science and Technology-Narmak-Tehran- 16844,Iran

Abstract :
Grid connected wind energy conversion systems (WECS) present interesting control
demands, due to the intrinsic nonlinear characteristics of windmills and electric generators.
In this paper a PID control strategy using neural network adaptive RASP1 wavelet for
WECS control is proposed. It is based on a single layer feedforward neural networks with
hidden nodes of adaptive RASP1 wavelet functions controller and an infinite impulse
response (IIR) recurrent structure. The IIR is combined by cascading to the network to
provide double local structure resulting in improving speed of learning. This particular
neuro PID controller assumes a certain model structure to approximately identify the
system dynamics of the unknown plant and generate the control signal. The capability of
neuro PID controller to self tuning of an unknown plant is then illustrated through WECS.
The results are applied to a typical turbine/generator pair, showing the feasibility of the
proposed solution.

191
 98-F-REN-205

A NEW METHOD FOR OPTIMUM SIZING OF WIND

TURBINES & BATTERY BANK IN A STAND-ALONE WIND
ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

Dr. Hasan Rastegar, Reza Kousehlar

Amirkabir University of Technology
I.R.IRAN

Keywords: WECS, Battery, Optimum Sizing, Cost, Reliability, Algorithm, Energy Balance

Abstract :
This paper presents a new method for optimum sizing the wind turbines and battery banks
in a stand-alone wind energy conversion system. This method uses an algorithm that
provides an accurate & optimum solution to the problem. In this method at the first explain
a configuration of such systems, subsequently select the optimum sizes of wind turbines &
battery banks so that minimize the life cycle cost (LCC) for the system with considering the
annual load profiles, the best accepted reliability index and using a energy balance equation
between generation & demand. Using this method can help the designers of stand-alone
wind energy conversion systems in optimum design of such as systems. At the end of this
paper simulate an example of a typical System and obtain the optimum size & number of its
wind turbines and batteries with using this method.

192
 98-F-REN-360

ESTIMATING SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN IRAN AND

RELATED RADIATION ATLAS

B. Safaie, M. Khaladji Asadi, H. Taghizadeh, A. Jilavi, G. Taleghani, M. Danesh

Atomic Energy Organization of Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran

Key words: Renewable Energy , Solar Energy

Abstract
One of the most basic foundations for the development of research in applying solar energy
in any region, is to study and estimate the solar radiation potential in the area.
In this research, out of 21 solar radiation stations in the country the information was taken
from 9 synoptic stations in periods of 5 to 11 years. After refining the information, which
had some incorrect lags, it was used for suitable mode.
After studying and analyzing existing models in order to estimate daily average of monthly
radiation on the horizon level 3 mathematical models, namely “angstrom - Priescut” “the
most propable method”, and “Hybrid model” were used.
By using statistical relation ship by using processed radiation data from the above
mentioned 9 stations and solving related coefficient equations through suitable computer
program, the related coefficient of each model for Iran were calculated. These mathematical
models were statistically tested for Iran and from these three, Hybrids model was chosen as
the best alternative. The final result of this research is 12 drawings concerning average
daily solar radiation in each month, 4 drawing related to the total radiation received by
horizontal area for each season, one drawing in relation to total radiation received by
horizontal area during a year.

193
 98-F-REN-385

OPTIMIZATION OF LINEAR PARABOLIC SOLAR

COLLECTORS WITH EXERGY CONCEPT

S. Farahat3, H.Ajam4 and F. Sarhaddi

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering

University of Sistan & Blochestan, Iran

Keywords: Exergy, linear parabolic solar collector, Optimization

Abstract
Through the paper, inspired by the exergy concept the optimization of the linear parabolic
solar collector being one of the main elements of solar power plants are inspected. In the
path of which an integrated mathematical model of the collector thermal and optical
performance is derived. In which the geometric parameters and performable conditions are
mostly considered as variables. This simulation is followed by introducing exergy concept
and achieving correlations for components of the collector exergy efficiency. Collector
exergy efficiency is then derived by using these correlations. In the process of deriving an
equation for the exergy efficiency, while the overall thermal loss coefficient and other heat
transfer coefficients of collector assumed to be variable, the common error of using the
Petela efficiency is corrected to reach the improved equation of solar radiation exergy. For
the demolished exergy, due to two factors of pipe pressure loss and the temperature
difference of the agent fluid with the absorber pipe surface a new relation is suggested
based on the variable characteristic of the fluid with respect to the temperature, and the
constant thermal flux in pipe. Finally, through MATLAB tool box the exergy efficiency
equation maximized. Extraordinary increase of the exergy efficiency according to the
optimized parameters and benefit of this approach for such systemes were resulted.

3
. Assistant Professor
4
. Assistant Professor

194
 98-F-REN-444

SIMULATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (PV) BY

NEURAL NETWORK

H.Amani Kh.Javani M.Sadeghierad M.A.Sherkat Maasoum

Abstract
Photovoltaic systems (PV) are by nature nonlinear sources. Their power output varies
depending mainly on the level of solar radiation and ambient temperature. The main
drawbacks of the PV systems are high fabrications cost and low energy-conversion
efficiency, since they rarely work in maximum power point (MPP).
Various methods have been proposed and implemented to realize MPP. Some of them are:
nonlinear equations and mathematical modeling. These approaches however require
detailed knowledge of physical parameters relating to the solar-cell material and
manufacturing specifications. As such information may not be readily available to the users
or, has given for a small range of V-I characteristic.
In this thesis a neural network for solar-cell modeling and MPPT is Multilayer Perceptron
networks propose. The number of layers for networks is 3: the input layer, the hidden layer
and the output layer. The network inputs for modeling are: radiation, temperature and load
voltage; and the network output is cell current. The network inputs for MPP prediction are:
radiation and temperature; and the network output are voltage and current corresponding to
MPP.
After implementation network, the data collected from a real solar-cell manufactured by the
Iranian Optical Fiber Fabrication Co. is used for training and test the network. The results
of network will explain.

195
 98-F-REN-551

STOCHASTIC OPTIMAL FEEDBACK CONTROLLER DESIGN

FOR NONLINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEM OF THE DIZBAD WIND
TURBINE

Hamid Khaloozadeh – Masoud Akbari Sani

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad- Research Committee of Mashhad Electric
Distribution Company
Mashhad, Iran

Key Words: Stochastic Control, Stochastic Optimal Feedback Control, Wind Turbine

Abstract:
In this paper a stochastic optimal feedback controller is designed for the Dizbad wind
power plant. This system includes an induction generator which has been connected
through a fixed-ratio gear box to the wind turbine rotor. A static VAR compensator (SVC)
is used for voltage regulation in the induction generator terminals. The nonlinear modeling
of the wind turbine, induction generator, static VAR compensator and transmission line for
state and output control of the generator has been done. The overall system is in state space
nonlinear equations with order of 13. A stochastic optimal state estimator is designed to
reconstructs those states which are need to use in a stochastic controller. The results have
been compared with Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) which is combined with a standard
feedback controller design. Simulation results show the response of the closed loop system
has a good damping and fast recovery under different type of large wind disturbances.

196
 98-F-REN-561

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE FIRST SOLAR

DISH/STIRLING ENGINE SYSTEM IN IRAN
WITH 10 KW ELECTRICAL POWER

Pejman Saleh-Izadkhast, Shahriar Bozorgmehri

Renewable Dept., Energy and Environment Research Centre, Niroo Research Institute
Iran

Keywords: Solar energy – Dish/Stirling Engine System

Abstract
In this article, moreover study on different types of dish/stirling engine systems, design and
construction of the first one in Iran is presented. This system is designed to resiste in the
critical weather conditions and applied the most interior technology capabilities. Besides all
components are constructed with a high accuracy to produced maximum possible electrical
power according to average annual insolation in Iran. This article explains design and
construction or technical specifications of the main compartment of this dish/stirling engine
system, including parabolic mirrors, structure, control and tracking system, and stirling
engine. This system is capable to produce 10 kw electrical power.

197
 98-F-REN-640

TECHNO-ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT OF MICRO

HYDROPOWER PROJECTS, A CASE STUDY AT KORDAN
RIVER

Arash Haghparast Kashani, Mehrdad Adl

Renewable Energy Department , Energy & Environment Research Center, NRI
Iran

keywords: Micro Hydro, Power, Economical Assessment, Cost, Diesel

Abstract
The comprehensive study about micro hydro power and techno-economical assessment for
this type of power generation system have been done in this paper. Also regarding to the
history of implemented micro hydro projects in the world, the cost comparison between
projects implemented in Iran and other countries has been carried out. Then the feasibility
study about a micro hydro power system implementation in lane of Sirood river based on
registered local data has been done (case study). The production electricity cost based on
economical studies has been obtained and compared with universal prices. The rest of this
approach is about the comparison between this case study analysis and the diesel power
generation system. The results show that total real consumption fuel cost plus social cost of
the diesel system pollutant emissions is higher than above-mentioned micro hydro power
system discussed in this research. In other session, some recommendations have been
presented in order to achieve an economical state for implementation of micro hydro
projects and decreasing the micro hydro electrical cost in Iran.

198
 98-F-REN-676

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF THE ROTARY SET OF THE

25KW WIND TURBINE

Abbas Bahri, Arash Haghparast Kashani

Renewable Energy Department , Energy & Environment Research Center, NRI
Iran

keywords: Wind Turbine, Rotor, Hub, Main shaft

Abstract
This paper explains the different phases of design and fabrication of the 25 kW wind
turbine rotor which have been carried out in Renewable Energies Department of Niroo
Research Institute. In the first part of the paper, design and fabrication of the blade is
illuminated briefly. In the next, design, numerical analysis and fabrication of the hub of the
wind turbine, including the results and experiences of the research, has been discussed. In
the last part, the various processes of design and fabrication of the main shaft and its
bearings has been explained.

199
 98-F-REN-689

PERFORMANCE STUDY OF HELIOSTAT FIELD IN A

CENTRAL RECEIVER SOLAR POWER PLANT

Mehrabian, M. A.
Dadkhah, R.
Shahid Bahonar Kerman University
Iran

Central receiver solar power plant – heliostat-incidence angle –shading-blocking

Abstract:
central receiver solar power plants are of the most important thermal solar power plants.
They have been the focus of interest because of high temperatures and reasonable thermal
efficiencies. In this power plant a large number of individually stirred mirrors (heliostats),
focus the solar radiation onto a tower-mounted receiver. In order to control the heliostats it
is required to calculate the variations of characteristic angles of each heliostat during the
year and day. Knowing the characteristic angles, it is also possible to study the effect of
important parameters on the optical performance of the field. The heliostat field is the most
expensive part of the power plant and therefore its optimum design can reduce the capital
cost of the power plant. In this paper an algorithm is developed based on vector geometry
to calculate the characteristic angles of heliostats as a function of time and position (with
respect to receiver). This procedure being relatively sample, is quite suitable for computer
programming. The effect of major parameters such as shading and blocking on the
performance of the heliostat field can also be studied using the algorithm. The results of
computer simulation are presented as diagrams. As an example The results show that the
effect of blocking is much more important than shading for the large field. The main result
achieved in this research is a program for open loop control of the individual heliostats.

200
 98-F-REN-732

DETERMINING OF TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF WASTE

TO ENERGY POWERPLANT TO CONSTRUCTION IN TEHRAN

Vahab Mokarizadeh
Energy & Environmental Center-Niroo Research Institute
Tehran-Iran

Key words: Waste to energy Pilotplants, Controlled air incinerator, incinerator design

Abstract:
In the world, small scale incinerators are the main units used to dispose of hazardous waste
generated in hospitals, industrials and the other sites. Designing the these type incinerators
is the most important issue because of hazardous nature of wastes and also installation
location where is installed on-site in mentioned locations. The objective of this research is
to design a small scale waste incinerator to meet their requirements.
The working principal of the designed incinerator is a controlled-air incinerator where the
combustion is divided in two parts. The first part is an intake primary chamber where the
waste is feed in and the combustion air is controlled at sub-stoicheiometric conditions. The
gas and the volatile matter then, will be re-burned in the secondary combustion chamber
with excess-air for completed combustion, before going through the stack. The design
criteria must also take into account of the real characteristics of the waste. The design
includes the calculation of mass balance, heat balance, the capacity of primary and
secondary chambers, heat exchanger, scrubber mist eliminators and FD&ID fans. The
incinerator is designed to be used in conjunction with the automatic feeder machine and the
air pollution control equipment. The result of this research can be used to build a pilot
hospital waste incinerator for performance testing.

201
 98-F-REN-743

EVALUATION OF IRAN’S WAVE ENERGY POTENTIAL, AND

DESIGNING AND TESTING OF A MODEL OF WAVE ENERGY
CONVERTER

Farshid Zabihian
Matn Co. Power plant Dept.
Tehran - Iran

Key words: Seas renewable energy, Wave energy, Energy converter

Abstract
This paper, firstly presents results of Iran’s seas wave energies studies. And then different
kinds of wave energy converters are considered and the best one is selected.
After that, the conditions of model are described and the results of tests are presented.
The efficiency of the model is %19.2 so the full scale of it is suitable for local usage.

202
 98-F-SEA-144

OPTIMAL BIDDING STRATEGY IN THE RESTRUCTURED

ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY

Mohammad Akhbari
Economic and Social Department of MATN Co.

Keywords: Bidding Strategy, Fuzzy Modeling, Marginal Cost, Electricity Market

Abstract
This paper describes the Iranian electricity market and addresses the bidding strategies and
behavior of the market participants. In particular this paper employs fuzzy classification
model to identify bidding patterns in the market. In addition, the paper also discusses a
strategy to optimize the profit maximization criteria, the strategy ensures positive earning
for electrical power generators.

203
 98-F-SEA-169

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF WINDPOWER PLANTS

S. M. H. Hosseini(1) , F. Forouzbakhsh(2)

(1) Electrical Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng. Azad University South-Tehran, Mohallati Expway, Tehran, Iran
(2) Electrical Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng. Campus No.2, University of Tehran, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran

ABSTRACT:
Before constructing of a windpower plant, the economic and financial feasibility studies for
the estimation of benefits and costs of a windpower plant is vital. In the present paper, an
alghorithm has been suggested for the estimation of benefits and costs, and subsequent
economic analysis of a windpower plant. According to this alghorithm, using Excel and
VisualBasic softwares, a program has been developed for accomplishing the economic and
financial analysis of windpower. Case study for a 19 Mw windpower has been shown and
investigated. Also BOT method has been considered for providing the financial sources.

204
 98-F-SEA-279

ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MICRO-TURBINE IN

CUSTOMER SIDE BENEFITS

Hassan Siahkali Keuomars Heidari

Niroo Research Institute Ministry of Energy
Tehran-IRAN Tehran-IRAN

Keywords: Economic Evaluation, Distributed Generation, and Customer Side Benefits

Abstract:
The distributed generations (DG's) have been developed for many reasons such as: power
system restructuring, load growth increasing and new technologies of generation. Micro-
turbine is one of the most distributed generations that are encouraged because of diversity
of fuels, low density and low noisy. In this paper, the economic evaluation of micro-
turbines has been considered for some kind of customer side application such as residential,
industrial, commercial and agricultural. This economic evaluation has been implemented by
intersection of two costs. First avoided cost of power and energy purchased from each
customers and second levelized energy cost of micro-turbine are used for this evaluation.
At the end of paper, the results of economic capacity of micro-turbine for each type of
customers have been shown

205
 98-F-SEA-297

STUDY AND INVESTIGATION IN ECONOMIC EFFICIENY OF

STEAM POWERPLANTS IN IRAN

Payam Mohammad Aleiha – Asghar Khaadem Vatani

Energy & Enrivonmend Center- Niroo Reseah Institute - Tehran - Iran

Keywords: ٍSteam Powerplants, Economic Efficieny, Translog Model, Economic of Scale

Abstract :
Economic Efficiency is the most important measure of efficiency because it measures how
a power plant uses scarce resources. Economic Efficiency is measured using production
cost. which is the cost of operating the plant including fuel, labor, materials, and services to
generate one kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity.In this article we apply a translog model to
estimate the cost function of electricity and then drive the Economies of Scale as an
important efficiency index of the country steam power plants during 1372-1378, which are
availabe. The result shows that power generation by steam powerplant technology is not
efficient in economic view in our country.

206
 98-E-SEA-316

POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENT VIA MULTI-OBJECTIVE

OPTIMIZATION IN RESTRUCTURED ELECTRICITY
MARKETS

M.Rashidinejad1, 2 H.Farahmand1 A. A.3Gharaveci

1 Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2
International Research center for Science & High Technology, Mahan, Iran
3
Electrical Engineering Department, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood

Keyword: Multi-Objective Optimization, Restructuring, AHP, PPA

Abstract :
There are several considerations that should be mentioned under new re-regulated
environment in power systems that have special affect on Power purchase agreement (PPA)
in different criteria. Decision making between these alternative will become very difficult
when Decision makers (DM) know that these alternative have ambiguous nature. In this
case DM encounter multi objective problem with several uncertainties such as system
demand, future transacted power, transmission charges, unit availability and congestion risk
which lead DM to use fuzzy technique to made their decision beside these uncertainties.
Another technique which has an effective approach in dealing with a kind of multi-
objective optimization process is Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This method uses the
pertinent data which are derived by using a set of pairwise comparisons. These comparisons
are used to obtain the weights of importance of the decision criteria, and the relative
performance measures of the alternatives in terms of each individual decision criterion.
This paper focuses on the implementation a combinational approach of fuzzy-AHP aimed
to electricity transaction as a major economic issue.

207
 98-F-SEA-435

RESIDINTAL, INDUSTRY AND PUBLIC ELECTERICITY

DEMAND IN IRAN (1971-2001)

Mansour Asgari
Institut for Trade Studies and Research
Tehran, Iran

Keywords: Sectoral Electericity Demand, Panel Data, Iran

Abstract :
Nowadays, everybody confirms the important role of energy as well as its effect on
economy. Energy has become one of the vital factors in growth and development process.
So, it is essential to investigate factors affecting consumption and demand for energy. It is
impossible to make a decision about economic planning without having a true
understanding of the present situation. To this aim, using the economic theory is necessary
and the first step in quality analyzing of behavior in every economic system is making a
theoritical pattern which shows the characteristics of the system in mathematical equations.
So, this study aims at estimating the demand for electericity in Iran over the period 1971-
2001 using the panel data method. The using variables in this study are: total electericity
consumption, GDP, electericity price, natrural gas price and population. These variables,
except population and total electericity consumption, are used in constant prices.

208
 98-F-SEA-519

ANALYSIS'S ABOUT A PENALTY NOT SUCCESSFUL

EXAMINATION OF GENERATION CAPACITY IN KHORASAN
POWER PLANTS

Mustafa rajabi mashhadi g.reza gholami hamid mousavi

Khorasan region electric company- khorasan power market office
Khorasan Gas Turbine power plants Management Company
Iran

Key words: Electricity market, penalty not successful examination of generation capacity,
Reliability code, Penalty factor, availability

Abstract:
Not successful examination of generation capacity identifies not capability a power plant to
generate as same as declared power to power market with center. However one generator
can not generate power as same as power declared to market then it pays penalty to power
market. Penalty Share of power plant in khorasan region pointed combine cycle power
plant more than another power plant. That’s because depending generate steam unit to
generate gas turbine unit that function of environment temperature.
In the paper analysis penalty not successful examination of generation capacity with use
penalty factor, penalty concern to reliability cods of unit in peak time and operation gas
turbine, steam turbine and combine cycle units in the power market and then say
recommendations to profit role of penalty in power plan and requests power market.

209
 98-F-SEA-608

EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF RESTRUCTUREING

(MAKING PRIVATE) OF IRAN ELECTRIC POWER
DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES

By : Abbas Ali Pormohammad

Khorasan Electric power Distribution Company

Key words : Distribution Companies , making private, restructureing,global procces

Abstract:
Electrical distribution companies are the last link of the chain of the processes of
production , transmission and distribution of electrical energy.
And they are the main part of Energy ministry (Assistant of Electricity affairs) and regional
electrical companies which can directly connect with people and partners. We can say that
the result of all attempts in production result of all attempts in production and trans mission
sections and even army staff head quarters of Energy ministry can be seen in this part. The
most important duty of these companies is selling electrical net works and providing
continous electrical power.
The most important reasons for the establishment of distribution Companies are as follows:
A) Having not such a progressive history for electrical energy distribution.
B) It was necessary to change the direction of management of distribution section for the
quantitative and qualitative developments in electrical power industry.
C) Necessary changes provided by international changes.
Some essential questions for evaluating the renewal structure of distribution companies as it
is said in this essay:
1) Have the objects of making electrical energy as a private occupation been clearly stated ?
And have a definite time been proclaimed for it ?
2) Have the suitable legal backgrounds for making electrical energy as a private occupation
been provided ? And what is our condition in relation to other countries who have passed
this way?
3) Have the establishment of distribution companies of electrical energy increased the
efficiency of this section?
4) Have the renewal structure of electricity distribution section made a higher level of
standard of living for the employees.
5) Can we lead the direction of distribution companies towards complete private
companies.

210
 98-F-SEA-621

ECONOMICAL STUDY OF BIOMASS POWER PLANT

IMPLEMENTION AT SHIRAZ LANDFILL SITE

Behrouz B. Dashti
SUNA
IRAN

Key words: Biomass land fill, MSW, Power Plant

Abstracts
As a matter of fact, the Biomass plant is depeend for all equipments and instruments which
can generate electrisity huge scale of Biomass source. On Basis of preliminery from
investigations from feasibility study of Iran’s Biomass source, the Energy recovery from
MSW is predieted about 90 Pj. On of the charectriztion of system is capability of
combination with the these renewable energy source like fuel cell.
In this paper, in accordance to MSW of shiraz land fill, we investigated the technical
espects related to the valume of gas evalution and the feasibility electrical energy as well as
net sustinable electrical Energy that can be produced from the field. Finaly also peind
attention to economical study of implemention of a pilot plant and the investment cost
needed from generating electrical energy in shiraz land filld (Rial/Kwe).

211
 98-F-SEA-677

USE OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS

IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS

Nasser Baei – Mohsen Parsa Moghadam

Tarbiat Modarres University
Iran

Keywords: intelligent agents, electricity markets, incomplete information games, negotiation

protocols.

Abstract:
In competitive markets, human decision-makers need assistance to determine potential
coalitions that they can be part of. Note that such coalitions are legal provided market
power is not monopolized. We present an approach for designing specialized intelligent
software agents that perform negotiations on behalf of their human counterparts, and then
suggest market strategies that the human can adopt. Our negotiation protocol is derived
from cooperative game theory; however, it differs from the game theory literature in
requiring virtually no trustworthy information exchange between the potential coalition
partners.

212
 98-E-ACI-351

A NEW METHOD FOR TRANSMISSION EXPANSION

PLANNING IN COMPETITIVE MARKETS

H. Abdi, M. Parsa Moghaddam M. Hosein Javidi

Dept. of Eng., Tarbiat Modares University Ferdowsi University of Mashad
Tehran-Iran Mashad-Iran

Key Words: Deregulation, Transmssion Expansion Planning-TEP, Optimization, Locational

Marginal Pricing-LMP, Levelized Transmitted Energy Cost-LTEC

Abstract :
Modification of power system planning models, which caused by deregulation, is
avoidable. Competition as a main property of deregulation causes many changes in the
power system planning models and methods.
One of these important aspects is TEP. In this paper after definition of TEP, its models in
monopolistic and deregulated environments will be discussed briefly.
Finally, a new algorithm for TEP in competitive electricity markets based on LMP with
considering electrical losses and congestion prices by using minimum LTEC criteria is
presented.
Also case study simulation pointed out.
The main characteristics of this approach are:
1- It encourages competition.
2- It provides fairly access to cheap generation for all consumers.
3- It considers the uncertainty of loads.
4- Electrical losses and congestion prices are considered.
5- Economic factors are considered.

213
 98-E-SEA-725

PRICE PREDICTABILITY ANALYSIS IN COMPETITIVE

MARKET FOR ELECTRICAL POWER

Amir Ahmarinejad Habib Rjabi Mashhadi* Javad Sadeh*

Graduate Student Assistant Professor Assistant Professor

Electrical Group, Faculty of Eng., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Central Research Committee, Khorasan Electric Utility*

Key words: electricity price forecasting, indexes of predictability, Time series, neural networks,
market simulation

Abstract :
The electric power industry in many countries all over the world is moving from a
centralized approach to a competitive one. In this environment, one of the most important
problems for market participants and market operator is the price forecasting. Producers
and consumers rely on price forecast information to prepare their corresponding bidding
strategies. For example, if a producer has a good forecast of market clearing price (MCP)
for the next day, he can develop a strategy to maximize its own benefit.
So far many papers have been published about the load and price forecasting, but the
predictability of these stochastic processes has not deeply considered.
In this paper a simple, effective and conceptual index is introduced to measure
predictability of the electricity load and the market price. The analysis of results based on
this index shows that the electricity price is not predictable as well as the electricity load.

214
 98-F-SEA-837

IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC

ELECTRICITY UTILITIES: OPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES

Davood Manzoor, Ph.D.

Assistant Professor, Imam Sadegh University-IRAN

Keywords: Privatization, Public electric utilities, Restructuring

Abstract
Most public electric utilities are not managed efficiently to provide electricity, in part
because they are not obliged to increase their sales, improve the collection of bills, and cut
costs, but sometimes they are encouraged to transfer their resources to some target
politically important groups. To improve the performance of these utilities, rules and
practices must be changed in a way that reduces the willingness or ability of public
authorities to use the utilities for political purposes and subjects the utilities to new sources
of pressure to perform well. This paper considers ways in which a government can achieve
this goal without privatizing. It recommends some options to change the relationship
between the public electricity companies and the government as its owner.

215
 98-F-TRN-155

THERMAL CALCULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF POWER

TRANSFORMER'S WITH DIRECTED OIL CIRCULATION
WINDINGS

M.Barati, M.T.Keshavarzi
I.T.R.I, Iran-Transfo

Keyword: Transformer, Optimization, Winding Losses, Temperature Rise, Directed Oil Circulation

Abstract:
Optimum design of power transformers and their cooling system with directed oil
circulation can be determined when the losses, hot spot temperature and its location is
exactly known. In this type of transformers, hot spot temperatures and their location depend
on losses and arrangement of oil directing washers in the winding. In the present paper with
taking into account the losses calculation an oil flow network model is developed.
Dependency of density, viscosity, Prantel number and specific heat of oil flow and
dependency of losses of each disk to temperature are modeled in order to determine the
important parameters such as temperature rise of winding, temperature of individual disks,
velocity of oil in ducts, pressure drop in the winding, hot spot temperatures and their
locations, optimum arrangement of washers and so on.

216
 98-F-TRN-168

EFFICACY OF CLOSING RESISTOR AT FINITING VFTO IN

IPC TRANSFORMER WINDINGS

S.M.H. Hosseini(1) , G.B Ghrapatian (2) & B.Vahidi (2)

(1) Electrical Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng. Azad University South-Tehran, , Tehran, Iran
(2) Faculty of Electrical Eng, Amir Kabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Keywords: Transformer, IPC, VFTO, Closing resistor, Switching

Abstract
During fast & very fast transient overvoltages (VFTOs) due to lightning, switching and
other disturbances (such as shortcircuit or connected noload transformer with cable),
resonance occures probability is within transformer windings. The result of this phenomena
is danger overvoltages in along windings. at critical conditions, amplitude of this
overvoltages rise to some times of lightning overvoltages, and normal protection such as
arresters can not protect against .
At this paper modeling H.V transformer winding of IPC is done. This studies is developed
based on the multi-conductor transmission line theory (MTLT) with MATLAB & EMTP
software at frequency & time domains. oscillation frequency calculated at very fast
transient.
Switch and specifications such as closing resistor and time of work, has studied for reduced
that overvoltages. The result of simulations shows that the closing resistor very influences
at reduced overvoltage amplitudes.

217
 98-E-TRN-186

REVISED IEC STANDARD FOR MAINTENANCE OF IN

SERVICE INSULATING OIL

Professor Pahlavanpour and Dr Eklund

Nynas Naphthenics Ltd

76 North Street, Guildford Surrey

United Kingom

Key words: Insulating oil, oil in service, maintenance, PCB, oil disposal

Abstract
For reliable operation of oil-filled electrical equipment monitoring and maintenance of
insulating liquid is essential. Mineral insulating oil is the most widely used insulating liquid
for cooling and insulation in oil-filled electrical equipment. The characteristics of the oil, as
supplied as unused, may change during service life. Therefore, the oil quality should be
monitored regularly during its service life.
In many countries power companies and electrical power authorities have established codes
of practice for this purpose. In general these cover monitoring guidelines and corrective
actions depending on the oil status. If a certain amount of oil deterioration exceeded then
the possibility and risk of premature failure should be considered. While the quantification
of the risk can be very difficult, a first step involves the identification of potential effects of
increased deterioration.
IEC60422 is guide for supervision and maintenance of mineral insulating oils. This
standard is now revised to take account of changes in oil and equipment technology and
have due regards for the best practice currently in use worldwide. Changes are also made to
use current methodology and comply with requirements and regulations affecting safety
and environmental aspects.

218
 98-F-TRN-207

DETERMINATION OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

FUNCTION OF SINGLE-PHASE TRANSFORMER INRUSH
CURRENT BY MONTE CARLO METHOD

A.Nekahi, S.Farokhi, G.Gharapetian

Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology

Keywords: Power transformer, inrush current, Monte Carlo method, switching, residual flux

Abstract
One of the common and complicated topics in power systems is switching transient. When
a power transformer is energized, for a short time after switching, a large current called
inrush current is taken from the network. As this inrush current may cause the protection
systems to respond incorrectly, it should be investigated and discussed. In this paper the
instant of switching and residual flux density are considered as stochastic variables with
specific distribution. Then, the effect of these two variables on statistical behavior of inrush
current is investigated by Monte Carlo method simulation. The importance of the proposed
subject is the method by that inrush current could be modeled as a stochastic variable and
could be used for statistical generalized studying.

219
 98-F-TRN-349

PD LOCATING IN TRANSFORMERS
USING SIGNAL ENERGY INDEX

A.R.Roohbakhsh(1) M.Nafar (2,3) G.B.Garehpetian(2) M.Abedi(2)

(1)Eastern Power and Communication Engineering Company
(2) Electrical Engineering Dept. Amirkabir University of Technology
(3) Marvdasht Islamic Azad University

Abstract
Since power transformers are one of the most important components of any power system,
their reliability had crucial important for the system operation. Most serious failure of a
large power transformer is due to the insulation breakdown. Partial discharge (PD) that
damage insulation by gradual erosion is a major source of insulation failure. Techniques for
locating a PD source are of importance in transformer maintenance and repair, however
accurate PD location is difficult due to complex structure of a transformer but detecting PD
source approximately can reduce repair time and cost.
The locating method of PD can be mainly categorized into techniques based on acoustic
signals or electrical signals. The advantage of acoustic locating method is its simple
algorithm and noise-proof feature, but its sensitivity is very low, and the construction of
transformer is too complex to find the speed of ultrasonic wave caused by PD. The
electrical method has a better sensitivity because it depends on pulse current signals
measured at transformer terminal.
In this paper to locate partial discharge source , the propagating principle of PD pulse along
transformer windings and the response of PD pulse at detecting terminals (outside the
transformer) are studied. The partial discharge in the insulation between each coil and
ground is modeled and simulated by EMTP. Then the signals of neutral point and top point
of winding are studied when PD pulse is injected at different winding disk. Using the
Parseval’s theorem and MATLAB, energy of signals are determined. It is shown that the
energy of signals can be used as an index for PD detection and locating

220
 98-F-TRN-350

LOCATING PARTIAL DISCHARGE

IN TRANSFORMER BY WAVELET

M.Nafar (1,2) M.Abedi (1) G.B.Garephetian(1) B.Bahmani(2)

Electrical Engineering Dept.Amirkabir University of Technology

Marvdasht Islamic Azad University

Since large power transformer belong to the most expensive and strategically important
components of any power generation and transmission system, their reliabity is of crucial
important for the energy system operation. Most serious failure of a large power
transformer is due to the insulation breakdown. Partial discharge (PD) that damage
insulation by gradual erosion is a major source of insulation failure. Techniques for locating
a PD source are of major importance in both the maintenance and repair of a transformer.
The locating method of PD can be mainly categorized into techniques based on acoustic
signals or electrical signals. The advantage of acoustic locating method is its simple
algorithm and noise-proof feature , but its sensitivity is bad and the construction of
transformer is too complex to find the speed of ultrasonic wave caused by PD. The
electrical method has a better sensitivity because it depends on pulse current signals
measured at transformer terminal.
At the most common status in the field , the discharge between the winding of the
transformer and the ground was analyzed. Analysis of PD in the coil to coil capacitance is
difficult so this object was not considered completely. In this paper partial discharge in the
insulation between coil to coil is considered With EMTP simulation tools. Then the current
of neutral point of winding is measured when PD model is located at different positions in
the winding. This current will be analyzed with the Db2 wavelet . with compare detail
level (1) PD can be localized.

221
 98-F-TRN-464

TRANSFORMER FAULT DIAGNOSIS USING FUZZY LOGIC

INTERPRETATIONS

Rahimzadeh khoshrou Arash

I.R Iran
Azad University ( Tehran – Jonoob )

Key Words : GC – TOGA 5.5 Software - Fuzzy Logic Interpretations

ABSTRACT
The power transformer is one of the main components in a power transmission network.
Major faults in these transformers can cause extensive damage, which do not only interrupt
electricity supply but also result in large revenue losses. Due to the large number of
transformers of different makes and capacities, routine maintenance and diagnosis of such
transformers, even using foreign consultants, are rather difficult as different transformers
exhibit different characteristics and problems. Moreover, different climatic and operating
conditions may not be able to draw the correct conclusion to some problems.
To help in overcoming such problems, a software is currently being developed called
“TOGA 5.5” for the interpretation of the Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) performed on the
transformers using the technique of fuzzy logic. The first phase of the project which also
consists of a fuzzy logic interpretation module can be used for interpreting most of the
DGA test results has already been completed and is discussed in this paper. The next phase
of the project would involve utilizing other artificial intelligent techniques such as neural
networks and other algorithms to automatically generate rules from trends found in the
database.

222
 98-F-TRN-596

CALCULATION OF TEMPERATURE RISES AND LOSS OF

LIFE OF TRANSFORMERS BY ON-LINE LOAD MONITORING

Arash Aghaifar-Hossein Azizi

Iran Transformer Research Institute
Islamic Republic of Iran

Key Words: Loading, power Transformers, Temperature Rise, Loss of Life, Top Oil and Hot-spot
Temperature

Abstract
One of the major problems of operating distribution and power transformers in the network
is how to overload them by having a safe margin and to calculate the effects of this loading
on insulation deterioration and its loss of life. Although the safe margins and limitations for
overloading are stated in different standards, but their applications are not practical due to
its uncertainty and lack of on-line monitoring. In this paper the thermal equations of
transformers are described and top oil and hot-spot temperatures are shown by a time
variant exponential functions. Then the loss of life over a certain loading cycle is defined.
With the help of differential equations a method for online monitoring of transformers
including the measurement of top oil and hot-spot and the loss of life entailed is proposed.
By using the “Transformer Loading” software, a sample loading was tested on a power
transformer and as a result the curves of top oil, hot-spot and the loss of life are presented
as a function of time.

223
 98-F-TRN-613

MEASUREMENT OF LIGHTNING IMPULSE OVERVOLTAGES

ACROSS TAPPED WINDING OF DELTA CONNECTED
TRANSFORMERS WITH ON LOAD TAP CHANGERS BY
RECURRENT SURGE TECHNIQUE

S.GHAFFARI H.MOHSENI
IRAN TRANSFO
TEHRAN UNIVERSITY
IRAN TRANSFORMER REASEARCH
INSTITUTE

Key words: Delta connected transformers, Recurrent Surge Method, Impulse test , OLTC

Abstract
Delta connected power Transformers with On Load Tap Changers are used in Khoosestan
Electrical network.
The most common arrangement is the regulation at the line-end of Delta connected
winding. In such arrangement, during the lightning impulse test dangerous over voltages
across tapped windings & between adjacent phases occurs. Because of selection a proper
arrangement of winding &suitable insulation design and also selection of a proper OLTC ,
some measurements was done in Iran Transfo high voltage test lab, by Recurrent Surge
Technique.
This paper describes different application of OLTC & particular interest has been directed
toward the Low voltage surge &Recurrent Surge Technique. Then the method of preparing
the test circuit has been shown as well as the results of measurements. Finally we analyse
the results of measurements and two proper winding arrangement and suitable OLTC’s
application will be introduced.

224
 98-F-TRN-673

DIAGNOSTIC OF TRANSFORMER INSULATION FAULTS BY

USING OF DGA METHOD AND FUZZY-NEURAL NETWORKS

Mohammad Mirzai Ahmad Gholami Mohammad Farrokhi

Iran University of Scince and Technilogy,Electrical Dept.

Key words:Transformer,Gas Chromotography,Neural Network,Fuzzy Logic

ABSTRACT:
One of the important method for diagnosis and detect of transformer internal faults is DGA
or oil chromotography test.Analysis and explanation of producted gas conditions is
describing fault type and its intensity.In this paper, transformer internal faults and their
diagnosis methods is examined by considering of ascendant gases amounts and relations of
producted gases and oil temprature.Also the DGA method has been used and defect
transformer internal faults are distinguished and comprised by using of fuzzy logic and
neural network methods.

225
 98-F-TRN-747

APPLICATION OF RELAXATION DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

IN DIAGNOSTIC OF POWER TRANSFORMER INSULATION

Amir Abbas Shayegani*1, Hossein Mohseni1, Hossein Borsi2, Ernst Gockenbach2, Omar Hassan2
1
University of Tehran, Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran
2
University of Hannover, Institute of Electric Power System (Schering-institute), Germany

Key Words: Transformer insulation, Diagnostics, Dielectric response, Moisture contents, Aging,
Relaxation distribution

Abstract:
In this paper the relaxation distribution function, which is obtained from measuring the
polarization and depolarization current (PDC) on oil-pressboard samples, will be presented.
The samples have been aged at 115 °C with Fe, Cu and Zn contents as catalyst in order to
simulate the stress conditions. Four samples have been aged for 250, 500, 1000, 2000
hours. Tests have been made also on four moisturized samples. Depolarization current
curves are decomposed to basic relaxation functions. The results obtained show
classification of samples to dry and wet is possible. Also, the quality of oil can be
determined from the relaxation distribution function. Aging state of the samples has an
impact on the measuring result and the degree of aging of the insulation can be
distinguished.

226
 98-E-TRN-752

SOFTWARE MODULES FOR MONITORING AND DIAGNOSIS

OF POWER TRANSFORMERS

Alireza Akbari 1*,Asghar Akbari 2, A. Setayeshmehr 1, H. Borsi 1, E. Gockenbach 1

1
Institute of Electric Power Systems (Schering Institute), University of Hannover,
Callinstr. 25 A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
2
Dept of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology,

Keywords: Power transformer, Monitoring, Diagnosis, Data acquisition, Data mining

Abstract
Power transformers are one of the most important components of electric networks. These
devices are very expensive and therefore diagnosis and monitoring systems will be valuable
for preventing damage to these transformers. Because of this economic motivation,
monitoring and diagnosis (M/D) system are of benefit to predict fault conditions and
maintenance of the high voltage transformers. There are some sensors and measuring
devices that can be installed on each transformer to collect measured data about the
transformer’s conditions.
The whole task of monitoring and fault diagnosis of high voltage power transformers is a
time consuming and complex task. Different technologies are involved in this system such
as soft computing, and information processing, etc., that some of them that are more related
to software and information technology will be discussed.
The aim of this contribution is to study the current situation in monitoring and diagnostic
software systems for high voltage transformers and introducing software modules and
techniques that will be useful for this purpose.

227
 98-F-TRN-803

CALCULATION OF HIGH FREQUENCY PARAMETERS FOR

POWER TRANSFORMER BY MODELING AND
MEASUREMENT

Asghar Akbari Majid Raeisi

K. N. Toosi University Of Technology
Dept. of Electrical Engineering

Key words: Modeling, Power Transformers, Traveling Waves, Genetic Algorithm

Abstract:
In this contribution a high frequency model for power transformers based on traveling wave
theory is used to enable the calculation of winding parameters.
For diagnostic and transient analysis, determination of high frequency parameters of the
winding is necessary.
The partial differential equation according to the suggested model is solved for a winding
where the neutral has been grounded through a pure resistance. With the help of signal
measurement at the terminals and using the model the parameters are calculated.
Soft computing methods like the genetic algorithm are used for identification of model
parameters.
The experimental results for a real transformer is reported in the paper as well

228
 98-F-TRN-839

DETECTING MECHANICAL MOVEMENT IN THE WINDING

OF TRANSFORMERS USING FREQUENCY RESPONSE
ANALYSIS

Muhammad Azizi Abdul Rahman

Department of Engineering Services & Logistic, Distribution Division, TNB Malaysia
Dr. P. S. Ghosh
Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia

Power transformer, Frequency Response Analysis, Measuring method, Analyzing Keywords :

technique, Reference data

ABSTRACT
Condition monitoring of power transformers is of paramount importance for reliable
operation of the power system. The transformers in service encounter failures due to several
operational stresses e.g. electrical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, and environmental. The
assessment of the condition of a transformer winding ,which is suspected of having a short-
circuit damage, using conventional tests such as winding resistance, magnetizing current,
or insulation resistance is quite difficult. These tests are effective when the damage is
severe in nature. On the other hand, the visual inspection of windings despite being an
effective proposition but necessitates the removal of oil from the tank and thus requires a
longer shutdown. Therefore, for diagnosing incipient electrical faults in the transformer
winding, the Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) Technique is found to be the most
effective tool for reliable detection of mechanical faults such as winding movement, loss of
clamping pressure and disc movement. Historical data are, undoubtedly, the best reference
to be used as comparison for FRA measurements. However, it is not practically easy to get
historical data due to constraints of outages. This paper comes up with the proposed criteria
on how to choose reference FRA measurements for power transformers in the absence of
historical data. Case studies were also carried out on healthy power transformers that have
no historical FRA measurements to show the effectiveness of the proposed criteria.

229
 98-F-TRN-841

LIFETIME EXTENSION OF TRANSFORMERS

BY ON-LINE DRYING

H. Borsi, E. Gockenbach, V. Wasserberg

Institute of Electric Power Systems, Division of High Voltage Engineering, Schering
Institute
University of Hanover, Germany

Key Words: Power transformers, in-service drying, lifetime extension.

Abstract:
Insulating liquids together with a solid insulant immersed therein is for many kinds of
applications like power transformers since more than 100 years in use and remains for the
near future still one of the most suitable insulating systems for many applications. A
dominant parameter, accelerating the aging and reducing the strength of such insulations, is
humidity, thus drying procedures are required to extend lifetime and operation reliability.
This contribution presents new systems, which perform a continuous desiccation of the
insulating system of power transformers during service and are beneficial for insulating
liquids as well as for solid insulations immersed therein. The advantages of the different
procedures in comparison to conventional approaches are discussed and an outlook on a
new system for the reduction of the water uptake of breathing transformers is given.

230
 98-F-TRN-842

NEW INSULATING AND COOLING LIQUIDS FOR

TRANSFORMERS

University of Hannover, Institute of Electric Power

Division of High Voltage Engineering, Schering-Institute
Callinstr. 25 A, D 30167 Hannover
GERMANY
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. H. Borsi

Keywords: insulating liquids, transformer

Abstract:
The combination of a solid and a liquid insulation is the most frequently used insulating
system in high voltage apparatus, where components have to be insulated and loss heat has
to be dissipated. The requirements on the liquid part of the insulating system are not only
the electric and dielectric performance but also the performance regarding environmental
requirements and dehydration capability as well as low inflammability. The use of ester
liquid, partly or totally replacing mineral oil, reduces the risk of environmental pollution,
increases the lifetime of the component and reduces the fire risk. Furthermore the capability
of ester liquid to assimilate a higher amount of water in comparison to mineral oil without
reducing its electric strength reduces the breakdown endangerment during cold start and
allows the operation of the component at higher temperatures.
The contribution presents a comparison of the performance of ester liquid and mineral oil
as well as oil/ester mixtures concerning the electric behaviour and covers the whole range
of blends between ester liquid and mineral oil. The dielectric parameters like dissipation
factor and permittivity have been measured for the whole mixture range in order to evaluate
the performance of the complete insulating system regarding the compatibility of the liquid
insulation with different types of paper.

231