De La Salle University – Dasmariñas

College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology

EEET321LB
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ANALYSIS 2 LAB

EXPERIMENT # 1
Characteristic of Sinusoidal
Voltage or Current

Submitted By:

Submitted To:
ENGR. JUANCHO O. NATIVIDAD

Date Submitted:
Sept. 6, 2019
I. DISCUSSIONS AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

During the experiment, we are about to determine and begin to understand the

characteristics and behaviour of sinusoidal waveform of AC Voltage and Current. We

first conduct the experiment in simulation using LVSIM Software. After that, we set

up the Lab-Volt and connect the power supply and set the variac. After connecting

the wires and setting up the LVDAM, we observed using the oscilloscope that the

waveform is sinusoidal. We measured the output of the variac using AC Voltmeter

and Marked as Erms. We conducted 4 trials and observed that the percent difference

between measured Erms and the computed effective voltage is not greater than 2

percent indicated in table 1-1, which means that the measured voltage Erms can also

be considered as effective voltage. We also measured the peak-to-peak voltage

knowing that it is 2 times the maximum voltage. We have proven the theory that

behaviour alternating current and voltages continuously changes depending on the

type of power supply. In each cycle it completes that sine wave and that the value of

one second is also measured in hertz units and it is standardized at 60 cycles per

second (60 hz) indicated in table 2-2.

Understanding the AC Waveform, I concluded that voltage level varies with time. I

observed that the RMS value of the waveform can also be considered as the effective

value of the input voltage. Knowing that the RMS value is given, I have concluded that

by dividing by square root of 2 the maximum voltage can be obtained. After stabilizing

the waveform and obtaining all the required measurements pertaining to the waveform,

I realized that by using the DC Voltmeter in reading the AC Signal, likely it is really

zero, but the slight variance in the measurement gets you less than a volt it is proven

and indicated in table 1-3. As provided in gathering data by mean of simulation, actual

and theoretical. Increasing the percentage reading in Lab-Volt step down transformer

can lead to a higher effective voltage and voltage peak-to-peak. That the higher the

effective voltage the higher the signal waveform will be generated from it.
III. QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

1. How long does it take the voltage to go from zero to maximum on a 60 Hz power
line?
Answer: The time it take the voltage to go from zero to maximum is 0.004167
or 1/240 of a second.

2. An incandescent lamp rate at 100 watts gives a certain amount of light when placed
across the 120 Vac power line. Would the amount of light increase, decrease, or
remain the same, when the lamp is placed across a 120 Vdc power line? Explain your
answer.

Answer: It will remain the same because in DC voltage, current flows only in
one direction but in AC voltage, the current direction changes periodically. So, only the
direction of current changes but the amount of current and voltage remains constant.
So the 120 Vac will operate at the same brightness with the Vdc.

3. What is the effective value of an AC sine wave current having a peak-to-peak value
of 8 amperes?

Answer: Veff = 0.707 Vm

Veff = 5.656
 4. Explain what is meant by the terms effective voltage and effective current.

Answer: Effective voltage is the value of voltage sine waveform as an equivalent

5. In a sinusoidal voltage / current

Answer: a. Leading Phase Angle

6. Prove that for a sinusoidal wave of one cycle, the average value is zero.

Answer: The average value is zero over one complete cycle because as the positive
average area would be cancelled by the negative average area in the sum of the two
areas, so it results in zero average voltage.