Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 35 views

    Experiment - 1: Theory

    Uploaded by

    Kiran Kumar Kandregula
    The experiment aims to verify Norton's theorem by measuring the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and equivalent resistance of a circuit containing resistors. Norton's theorem states that any linear active network can be represented by a current source in parallel with an impedance. The procedure involves measuring the open circuit voltage, shorting the circuit to find the short circuit current, removing voltage sources to find the equivalent resistance, and using these values to calculate the current through different loads. Precautions include properly connecting the circuit and ensuring it is neat and clean. The theorem will be verified if the calculated and measured load currents match.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Experiment - 1: Theory

    Uploaded by

    Kiran Kumar Kandregula
    35 views6 pages
    The experiment aims to verify Norton's theorem by measuring the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and equivalent resistance of a circuit containing resistors. Norton's theorem states that any linear active network can be represented by a current source in parallel with an impedance. The procedure involves measuring the open circuit voltage, shorting the circuit to find the short circuit current, removing voltage sources to find the equivalent resistance, and using these values to calculate the current through different loads. Precautions include properly connecting the circuit and ensuring it is neat and clean. The theorem will be verified if the calculated and measured load currents match.

    Original Title

    Experiment

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The experiment aims to verify Norton's theorem by measuring the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and equivalent resistance of a circuit containing resistors. Norton's theorem states that any linear active network can be represented by a current source in parallel with an impedance. The procedure involves measuring the open circuit voltage, shorting the circuit to find the short circuit current, removing voltage sources to find the equivalent resistance, and using these values to calculate the current through different loads. Precautions include properly connecting the circuit and ensuring it is neat and clean. The theorem will be verified if the calculated and measured load currents match.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    35 views6 pages

    Experiment - 1: Theory

    Uploaded by

    Kiran Kumar Kandregula
    The experiment aims to verify Norton's theorem by measuring the open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and equivalent resistance of a circuit containing resistors. Norton's theorem states that any linear active network can be represented by a current source in parallel with an impedance. The procedure involves measuring the open circuit voltage, shorting the circuit to find the short circuit current, removing voltage sources to find the equivalent resistance, and using these values to calculate the current through different loads. Precautions include properly connecting the circuit and ensuring it is neat and clean. The theorem will be verified if the calculated and measured load currents match.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Experiment -1

    Aim :
    To verify Norton’s theorem

    Apparatus :
    1.DC regulated power supply of 12V

    2.Two meters are mounted on the front panel to measure value of voltage and

    Current.

    3.Different types of resisters are mounted behind the front panel.

    4.circuit diagram for Norton’s apparatus printed (tolerance +/- 10 %)

    5.Multimeter.

    Theory :
    Norton’s theorem states:
    ‘The current that flows in any branch of a network is the same as that which
    would flow in the branch if it were connected across a source of electrical
    energy, the short-circuit current of which is equal to the current that would
    flow in a short-circuit across the branch, and the internal impedance of which
    is equal to the impedance which appears across the open-circuited branch
    terminals.’

    The above statement simply means that any linear active network with output
    terminals AB, as shown in Figure 1(a), can be replaced by a current source in
    parallel with an impedance z as shown inFigure1(b). The equivalent current
    source I SC is the current through a short-circuit applied to the terminals of the
    network. The impedance z is the equivalent impedance of the network at the
    terminals AB when all internal sources of e.m.f. are made zero. Figure 1(b) is
    known as the Norton equivalent circuit.
    The following four-step procedure may be adopted when determining the
    current flowing in an impedance Z L of a branch AB of an active network, using
    Norton’s theorem:
    i) short-circuit branch AB;
    ii) determine the short-circuit current I SC ;
    iii) remove each source of e.m.f. and replace it by its internal impedance (or, if
    a current source exists, replace with an open circuit), then determine the
    impedance, z, ‘looking in’ at a break made between A and B;
    iv) determine the value of the current i L flowing in impedance Z L from the
    Norton equivalent network shown in Figure 1(c), i.e.,

    Procedure :
    1. Form the circuit as shown in figure using Norton’s Theorem
    2. Step I :Open load and measure voltage across open end X and Y as
    shown in fig (2)
    Open circuit voltage V oc across R H = V Nor Volts
    3. Step II :Now disconnect the voltage source and short the A and B points
    as shown in circuit diagram, fig 3 (with R l open circuit).Now measure the
    resistance at X and Y,R nor

    Formula Used :

    Voc =open circuit voltage =V nor

    R Nor = Norton’s equivalent resistance


    I sc = Short circuit current.

    I Nor = Isc= V nor/R nor

    Load Current , I L = Isc * R nor/(R nor + R L)

    Pregiven Data :
    V Nor =

    Isc =

    R1 =

    R2 =

    R3 =

    R4 =

    RL1 =

    RL2 =

    RL3 =

    Precautions :
    1. Connect the circuit as shown
    2. The circui t should be neat and clean.
    3. Short the Circuit while measuring Resistance.

    Result :
    Norton’s Theorem is verified
    Aim :
    To verify Norton’s Theorem

    Apparatus :
    DC regulated power supply of 12 V, voltmeter, Ammeter
    ,Multimeter,Resistor,connecting wires

    Circuit Diagram :
    B

    Calculations and observations:


    R Nor = Nortons’s Equivalent Resistance

    Short circuit current =I nor=Isc =Vnor/Rnor

    V nor= ; Isc =
    Now circuit may be replaced by

    I L = Isc *R nor / ( R nor +R L)

    Observation Table :

    Sno Load Resistance RL IL (mA)


    1
    2
    3

    Calculated Value :
    RL 1 = Ω

    IL 1 = mA

    RL 2 = Ω

    IL 2 = mA

    RL 3 = Ω

    IL 3 = mA

    You might also like