1/t.

-1'1)
=
RESTRICTED
=

THE UNITED STATES

STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY
(Pacific>

Japanese Military and Naval Intelligence

Division

Japanese Intelligence
Section, G·2

RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED

THE UNITED STATES

STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY
(PMiji<)

Japanese Miliwy and Naval Intelligence

Division

Japanese locclligeoce
Sccrioo, G-2

Dalt5 o( Surtcy:
1 Novtmber 1945 1hroUSh I Fthntaty 1946

April 1946

UNITED STAns
GOVERNMENT I'RINTING OffiCi
WASHINGTON: 19<1fi

RESTRICTED
 J.... P INTEL
lAP INrEL

FOREWORD

",~ 1"",,,.<1 SI.Il'!! :;tral~I!'C Bombinj.: Sur'.....· The SlIr.-e{ti colllple"",,,t provided for 300
was e..IIlbli~heo.l by the ~"'tar)' of "·"r ,,":J :\,,- ei,·iljllll~,:I;,o otli~"l'rs. and r.oo
enli<le<l meU. Th/l
,·ember I Ill!. P",",,'''''ll 10 II Direcl; '·c f,·"", I he Illi e mil;tlll)· ~~lllCHt of the '"·I!"ui~.ntiol\ II"ns d,.awn
l're>ide11l Uoose'·ell. lis """"ion wu 10 CQnd"cl from Ihe Arm~> to lhe e:<t...,t I}f (;() I"'~lll. nnd
.n i"'l>ani.l.nd upen ->ludy of lhe elf{-'("\~ of O\1r fmlll lhf Xao·}· 10 Ihe V;leUI of 40 I'frt."l'lll. llolh
..,ri.lau..,k <m Gf'nn."y. t" br Wle<1 ill <'tH""""i"n II", .\nn~· alld the ~"'T ~,,·e the Sur'·f)' .11 1-·
""th air al1ad<11 ()II .1.,_11 a".llo $."11.11. L.~I._ ~iblf' .""j,t.,or:e ill fllm~hinl! """', SIlI'I,lll'!!. t raniO-
for e,.. h'''1 illg" ll~ m'l....n.ul<"l' ."'11.......111 i.lilil!:'! of l>Ort "",I information. TI", :;lIr,-e)" 0l'eratl'd from
.ir p",,-.. r "" an i,,_tnlllleni of lIIililarr ~tnol~1-')', hud'lllarlerl! esl.bli,h"d in Tukyo e.rly in Sel>-
for lllllnning Ihe fut un' df',·e]"I'",ent of th .. United lember 1!H(i, .... ith ""bhell,l'l"llners in N"I;"O~·ll.
Sillies 1"·llIetl fon.'S, "",I fot" tlelel"1llininj[ flllliltl O,;"k'I, Ilin"l-himll ",,,I N"/l""snki.ll,"l \\";th mo],;lo
...-onomie 1>oIieit'>o with rl!$IJeC' 10 lh.. 1I",i"",,1 lellm~ "Iler"tillj[ ill oth..,. I,nns of ,Inl,nn. Ihe
,~fense, _\ sllllun...y N'llon ."d IKltn" :!()()jjllPI>on· i~l.nd~ of Ihe I'"eifie, ""d ,hf AsiRlie m"i"la"d.
i~ .... port!! ront.ininj[ the 6ndin!-"S of tI", ~"r'... ~' It ... as J'O"'ISible to r!'CO,lSInld ,,'uch of ..·.nime
io ~rrn.lI~· h••"I' ' -.. Imbliffif'd. J .... "~se "'ilitRrJ 1)1.,mi,,~ .nd eneuti"" engag@·
ment b_" enpgeme"t .nd ""mp.illT' b)" """,... ign. PERSONNEL
On I" A"gusl l!l-l", P...."ident Tno",,,n .....Ivested lind 10 ll/leu .... ,...,..-,nl,hl)" ll~..,,, .... te ,..,iSlics on
Comdr. 1!t<:I'f.. IlU\~. L"S~1l
thll' the ~ln·e~· .,,,,.Illel " ~i",il .. r .Ill<l,- of the Japa,,'>! C'o... notnl' ,,,,,I "-nr·lm"luelio" planl b}'
elfecbof "II t~·I",;;of"ir.. t1".. k ill th.. w"'·llb",i".1 I'lllll', lInd i,,,lllst,·y h." iml",t" .... I" "dditi"", o,mdr. JOliN n. 0,''>:'''<.'', Jr.• U5~1{ ChIef, G_:? ,
JIlpa .., ~lllomitti"g ""I",n< ill dlll'li.."tc tl) the Set:-. st"dies Wei... co"d"~1e<:1 n" ,1"I'"n'. 00"'1,,11 ~ll·"­
Del'''t)" Chief, G-:< '.I. Col. G"TNNt .\. P~u, ,\C
[),."IIt)· Chief, G-:?
.-etarJ of "-ar .nd to the Sf'<:ret.l)' of the Su·)'. tegie plllus .,..1 the baCkgrolllld of her emr)' imo
The olIia-l'!l of the ~u .... e~· during iU J.I_nese Ih~ ,,·ar, the internal di;;Cll,;o;ionlf a"d negotiations JAPANESE IN1'E.WGENCE SECTION, G--1
,ll.........e .... : Indi"g to her .~I>I.\l('f' of tllloo"dilion.1 SUr·
rendf'r. the course of hnlth .'MI monlf' among the Lt. Comdr. TlllXltl(JQ 11. CI."'D1.li, CS:iR
Franklin D·Olif'r. Ch.irm.n. Chief of Seo:-tion
ei,·iliall IlOpUl"tion. Ihe ell"ec1i.... ne;lS of the Jal'.-
I'llul H. ~ilU. lien')' C. Alf'XlIl(~r. Vice t1e!e ci.·ilian defense 0,.g>tni1Jll'on, n",lthe e/feelll IA. Comdr, Sumner P. Ahlbum, US:-;ll
Lt. Comdr, Alfred T. White. r:SSR
ChIlir'nen. Lt, o,mdr. William H.llolzer, USNII
of tlte "tomic bom1l;<. SCl'''''"le 1"\'llU'·tll lI"ill be Lt. Otis C.r}·, J.jSXIl
Lt.Collldr.I<'ral1k B.lluggins, us~n
liar.,· 1.. llowmRn, i~Ile<:1 e''''ering .-ach "haS" of 1he sI"d)'. S ~.I'. M. furo'",
lA.. Comdr.!'aine Palli. US~R
J. K. Galbraith. TI", Son·e)" '"terro~llied lllOre lh,," ioo JllIIll· ::' .s~\\'.II.H ...lI
M.jot" John C,l'elul, J.j5}fCR
"ese milit .....•• g'O'·enunent, ."d illdu~tri.1 official;l. Sgt. w..\. Ileikhllfll
ReMis Libn. Lt. Comdr. Frank Sh.ckelford. U5~R Sgt.. l.. KUii.
It .Iso ""CO>"l'red ."d translated m.ll)" dOC\lIflE'lll;<
.M.jor Robert S. Spilman, Jr., ,\C
Fra..k .-\. }lc~a~, ...hich h.o·f' not onl)" mn u!if'f"lto tbe ~ Irve~·, bul
jo'red Searl$, Jr., will "I"" fun>,~h dnta ....l".hle f"r Olh..r studies.
A,·rn"gclll~l1t. lire being made to tll,"" ""er the
~ltlllroe SIIaghl,
Sl1t·,·ef~ files to a 1""'IIl,,"e"t g<>..Hnlllcut "gene)'
Dr, IJOIJis It. Thompson, where Ihe)' will be a"llilable fo,· furtlwl' eXnlninll'
Theodore P. Wright, l)itflClQn. lioll .nd diSlribution.

RESTRICTED
" '"
 JAPANEQ IIIUTAaY AND JU.VAL
TABU Of cotn'DIll
I. hrnOD('CTlOIf. SCllIl4aT...... eo.c..v- .
II. Ollo.. ,nUTIOK 4.0 COIUI4n RG.l~ 4T I":"'.... H~;"" '1_
III, ~hLn'4R'1' IIITI:I.UOQlCII: --
s._",
OrpnizatioD

IV.
•""'w... AmIy In~ and WanD. 0.14. '.11111
·...,iIM Open.lion
N"VAL IlI'TIILUoncl:: -
s'm_
II

.."
Orpn"';tion
Pfl'llOnn~ and Traini", II
Functions II
Sou'eed of Information A.-ada. .

....
Rcsulu
I\a'"al Air Forees _
~I IIdq. and l"niu _\80&1
R"l.atiorm.ip of Inl..u~DI'e to Ope.. tionlll'lanntn,

....
'OU5report wa5 writ teo prlMl"ny ror the use er the \", JA""SEIlI: Sor1lC&I orlsroRJllUTlOJ<.
Summary
J" S. Str-atl&sle Bo:b11l8 SUl"vey 10 t~ .• _. el)8.raUoo or rUl"thn Communications Inlf'~

.
}(&dio Broad<a;oa from L S
l.'. S. !\e..-sr-JIE'l'l< and Otbrr Pul.>linlllOM
Reporu From Oprrational }'orees
;>lnlon$ er,>re:;;sed 10 tb15 reo ;:-~ l:!l:st be l;oosldend as Cond\lllions Basrd 00 Tact..,./ and St"log>(' C~tionI ..... Dtd~ r.-

.".".
Enemy Operalions •• _. _
taited to t.tle sP8:1~11; L21.U:-lc,ll;overed and as 5ubJel;t to Captured DoromenUl._, •••
I'risoner of W... In~tion•• _.
rurther interpretation Ie t .e light or rurther studies I;ondul;ted l{fporU from All.a<':h& Abroad
Trehnieal Intl'lligelll'e
ly the SUrvey. Information from o..nIl4IIY
Illlonnalion from COIIIita-at<,b"", a"d !\.u...~. __
""
VI. S.OCML Sl:a"lel: O"''''SIUTlO'< "
."
os
Introduction. •
Tokumu Kikan alld Tokumu Bu __
The Anny SSO
The !\.,.~" SSO
Kcmp,,; T.i _
\"11. ASALnla 0' E,n:cnn;s&Sll 0" J...."SEl!E ISTl:LLIIlL'<CE'
Introducuon ..""
Summa.), and COlldu;;wns
Japanell/' Estirnat.-"ll .\l.de m l·.... pa.. uon fo. tlof W.r
I'f.r1 Ilnhor ,\\l8ck .".
J.I"IH~ Ottupation of the 1'loi!lPJ'I"('ll
I~Rlllc of .\lidw8J ""
Solon,oll' CampRign
C;,ntntl I'aeifie ('.ttlpRign~
.\lnfiaI\R~ c.l11l])Rign
"
..""
RESnICml
umllCI"ED JAP INTEL
JAP I1In'EL
,"n AS,o.LUI$ or E .. ncT1\'ESElIII 0" JAr..SElIr;
PhihpPI11C!1 Campllign
1"'0 ,lima Campooigt!.
Okin...". Campllign
h~Tl:LLIOESCr:----C()Dtillued

EO<'m,. ~:;';lim'IH."d P1anningin 1'Tfov-ration for Antidpated Invuionol tl'e lIome1and_

..".
I·...

68
CH,aT$
I .\I..jor .,I.pIt...... nigh COlllma"d War Ap...,io:olIu of I .o\ugtJlIl 19-45_ ,, I. INTRODUCTION, SUMMAlI.Y AND CONa.USIONS
2 J.pII~ Ann,. Organiution After R.....rpniu.tion. 19-1i>
3, Jar-""'" Ann,. Prt--"a. IlIgh Command Ill\..lhgelK'O' Organiution 8 I. '""rxI""w. - - - .... Ih ecablioNol .It.ir\ I ....
-4 J.l"'~ ,\nu~ GClN'ral :<>taff In\..Illf:ell<:fO OrganIZAtion (at End of War) 00 a. l'ililat)· .lld ,..,.. 1 jnl~ll;p...... a>mpn- tho, l"-d 10 ~ ..Jt,q f ..,...., .......
~"'II~~U1~. nalualoon. ant! dL-tuinal;"'" of In ~. Wllh lboo ,~"rv" '.f --..,
s. I\ ..·.mullj!: .\rmy Staff and hu..Uil.... lI.,.. Orp.lllulion
6. S,_" OrpniuliQn. ,1&1'11."- 81h Am,)"
j StaIJ OrganlZuion. ,l.p"........ 110m.. o,.r....... Ann}" .
""
(orlll.lJOI'reJ,... nlmg tnenl~' Ij(l"ftljrth. l'lIl..b,Ii' .....
."d IIJlfJlllQlh ~"i.-.d for comlla' """... Ii"""
b. n~ pu~ of Ih .. repon is 10 ~ribt I~
"ip~O(" .....,I<lI 11
iQflN1ll&lion • .-.ilal
I _ i _ , . . ...
10 lIMo J ...
(I) .nal~l~ of .\11"",1 cnD\lllllni<aw- I.......
__
8.
9.
10.
Flo..· of Intelligen.,.. to Ann,. Air Top Command
J.pa"'...... ~.,.y I1l4;h Command Organisation _
Ch.in of Command for Jallalle&'" N,,,'.I Air
"
19
23
~'l-..nlll.. tl(ln. 1,-...1".... "'I.bililj~
l,r"l1_ of J&lli&n_ mililar~' ."d "" 1 in\@ll,.
d tiN:' "<>fL_ In,(12) _\llw.el wort ."d _hum
bnl..r...."", ~pIod .-llh Illf.otmalion _nod m-
radi6

11. J.p.nt~ N...y War Plans Organiution I-~nl"e .IId to n.hlMe ,h_ fllC!ol'll ill «'""$ of AIl~1 ne.... pert'" .nd map~i_ I ~I In-
lZ.
13.
War "Ian;, lnfonnation SoUrtt'll, Jap....'lle N..,,}"
It-dio Int"lIitr"nce Otgllni"",lioll, NIl,,&1 Cpu.. StalL ,.l
""
30
th~iT colltribution .'0 pl.,,,,i"jl" a"d ("",,,bot, 01'''''
1111011. for the 1~·rl.....1 jll~t p~Ji"f! and duri"J(
J.I'.n_ "'ll"'"·'~'II.li...... ill rwulnl t'O nlrWo. •
d. The J.,)&.- in'tlli""",", "fJI&"illllio" ...
I~. Command Organizalioll, Battle for L"'.\·le Gulf .. 59 th~ Wor. Oth~r phase" of illl¥lIi/;",,1'" of .n
t'~I ...."p... ,."tion.1 ch.",cler_C1i,·itielj of the
~IIIO(" high rotn",.,,,1 ""''"'I" "f. ohon •• t.
i"Hl.>:S: d.d~'~>.il"e in ChUllN~', f"lIo"'i"!: inlti.1 ronq'_.
.Japanl~ ~:Slimate!l of U. S. Air StrNlgth <It St<lrt of War, Compnrcd to Actll,,1 ~'igllrMl: ~·",,'if!1I Offil~ "",I sec...,\ sen·i,,· or!:"""i'''li""., . . ,""',fl... 'Ur .'nt' •• "uII",...1 I,.. 110(" hi",,,ri"'l
~. ~
for ",~",,,p)l'-hu\'" 11<'('11 incllldl"<1 ,,"ly ill!',,'•• R,; """,.",h del>llM'....Jll IIf lilt J.I'.';....., S....I (j~".

"""
Na"y .... _.
til<',\' ('{lllll"ibull'(l iu(o"""lion lI~d ill the 1'1"",,i"ll
z.
,\ml)'
nn,1 ('.'l'(:lIt ion of ""ml,," o/)I'rnl;o"o.
rn 1Sldl" r",·i.ion..1• 'l"itk mllfJlIl"'1 "f 1he 'l()Ulh-
~nl ll ..... ~.lbe :o.'"rth~rl.nd tA.-l I"di.... )101....nd
3. AirplRn~ 1'l'Odu<:\ioIl Capacity
JlpanC!lC' ~:Slimate!! of U. S. ~ayaJ Slrtmgth "t Start of War, CompaJ"fld to Actual Figures: c. Th ... ..tlid ",-''',,-'elI of ;"rul1,uuioll for Ihi. lI"n" ••• ml "'''....' .... ,111,. Il~ ""'abli"""';'nl "f
.1I111... hn,'" 1.....·11 the im"rrogol;"" "f olliei.'. • tl~f~",.. lJt'rin"'l~r r.O«'IO<I;"1I" f .."" Ih~ Kllrik-<
4. \\'.181111' Strength .nd Potentials
5. ~1{'('t DiSpollition_. ~_~ __ . "" ",·.ild.l~ for i""'r,';"w ill .I"p"... ",,1<>11" ... b-
lIli" .... h,l" Ih" Ja,.."""", in "';;1>01'''"' 10 dirN'I"'e:!
,1I"J,,,d, Ilw } h.n. {illdll,II"1I "'al<.- 1-1.",1).
II", lli".".",k .\ hilwlaJ.'O. Tin...... J., , 1 ln.
6. Nlnll'enonneL_ ----.~.-.-.-.--.-.-. -------
i. J.poo.neose Estim.tes of G. S. :'olereh."t Ship Strength at Start of W.r, Comp.red to
Artll.l Figures_._ _.. _..• _ -- __ +._. • . __
" of II", r. 8. SII1I'\1,';c 1I0mbing Surl·~'· .•n<1 ."
.I1Rlysi. of doclllllf:ma WoctImd b1' II~ SUf'l'~\' 16-
}Ial.~·•• ,Id Hllnn.. I'r...hr.l.,.] (011 a (;
10,)' in l~ West. and 1110' .. pod t'X1,~.n.,ion of hrr
" ..ir.

gelh~r "'ill, [email protected],oi,m- ..·U. - 1......ly·cainffi n.uu..1 J."&,,

"'......... I.IWood
8. J.pal\ofR F"'ltimatlS of C S. N.n] St~nglh PN-parcd 1 :'ol&y 19U, Compared to
Actu.1 Figures._ 2. Summ<try
thai .... 1'"iIM
,
:'01._
• I",""inm~ ...... 1<, n'UQI
Id _""'. rompron"...
_ ..
9. J.pa.... utirJatesof lJ. S. Ground FOITl!8 Strt'ngth P~Jl"Ired 1 :'olay 19045, Compucd a. I'rior 10 II.., I'art Harbor .u...1< II... J.Il- ~,' • rte"Ult of Ih". ..-..,,,•• '1 1M .\,..,..

""
lo."elual Figures__ ._.... ._ ••• lin""", (;o1"f'rn....,m had d~,.~lol'ed. -r1Sl <>I'lI"D1IlI. nor ,... S.l"~' *.-..\o'flr'd &II mt~11< .,..,n"';.
REJ"E.L'<CE NOTUI... _._ •••••• +. . _ • • • • _ • • __ •
lion Ihrot,j!houl 1M ..-orld for 1M rolirdion of tlQll roctb.inilll! "'lInin '1.~lf 1_ _ of ....IIooft.
EXIlI.ln: illlelliJ.. ..-. n.._ i,w diplonra,;r. <'Onl1l"M'reial. and ill,C". P"'ft'»'-";" ..... d tnallllr ,nl..lli-...
A. J.pa_ Sou"," of Information
B. Japa~ Int~lIigc~ and Opo....lion Reporlll. "
83
mili'a., rtp.--nlllli .."", lo:;echer .ilh lilt... ll~·
Ihou;;anols of ~thusi•..<li" .mate". II,if!ll. Thti~
Ib~t all Ie.-.b "f _ a d . .h I....,..,.'
IINdquan~... Ie,',.]. In.. Il~ but _ .
C. Euerplll from Japan~ T...ining )Ialluab-{.'hapter Rel.ting to Int~lIig~fmf!
D Special Report-J.panew P'botographic IllleUigcnce _._.
",
US
~trort· "'e... !.oJ no nmu'..< rorllintd 10 Iht Unco-rer·
inJ! of m;lil&r,· ~ En·ry acll\"uy_,.
"",U." ftI. .hk ... ilil• .,. .nd 1 ",",Inol IJII.Jli.
l-~ ~ncieo ~f'l'od I nlr ",•••IJP...... "f
i1bMniczlw... l;wl
merei"!. _i.l.•nd cuhunl-----ftttrittd i,,'·e"II~. tlMoir l'f!!;.--u........t plan.. -«t__ IJI tJw I'r",I1..-
liOll ."d ""ror1ins.lh~ ".llInol elltel of Ihe dt.r. 11M of b.c~nd ;ntrllo~. hll. u .....,-.d
,\nny Joillt Illtt'lJigenCfl Center Pacific Ocean
AFPAC
AilS
B.\)IS
t·Ol'l:a P.cific.
A;r TechnialJ Il1teUigen~ Service.
Broadeuting Allied ~le,..,hant ShiV-.
JICPOA

i'EFIS
A~.
Ketherlandl .'o,..,e InU!lIigenl'e Service.
aClrrislk J.pan_ III irs! for 1rno...1aI!'"t.• nd hl!'
f~ar Ih~1 hL" 1l~1101l mighl nOI k<:'tp ~ •..,th
ltehnologie~1 d.,..eloplll~ls of Ih~ ... -I~m orld.
I'"
1I11~ or no l'II~ (J'<ff 1M JW'"fonn.nr~ of
,·.riou~ fpnl1~JO' of "'loPnol"....1 '"I~Il,1l'''''''''
inl&CIicalllnil'" .\1 Im-'~ll'-k of ••• "'"h ,t...
CinPac Comm.nder in Chi~ Pll&ific. SC,\ I' Supreme Comm.nder Allied Po"·ers. b. In "pile of the dif6cllhJ' of properl e,..I. l". ~ .. 1M ,\mly G~Mnol N.II" ""~Ih!!""",,, >a'li""
CinCPOA Commander in Chief Parific Ocean SOPAC South Pacific. 1l.lilll: .nd COU.IlIlg the /;,.,..t 'l"."t;l,. of 1I11..... ....... C'OOII)~ of Ii o/Ikoo Gru"·th r~
Are•. SSO Special Servico Org.n;ut;on. latl~d inforlll,,'ion !It<:lIred Ihroo.lgh Il>est "b.llntb. .1I!'"ht umil ... rl... in 1m. ,,1 11. rl'Or n;:talion
FEAt' Far t:Mt~m Air Forcell. SWPA Southwest Pacific Area. " r<'.!le,·,·o;r of kn"wl"d~-e co"....,m;ng II~. l>OIemi.1 of II~ hOnJel.nd d~f~ ...... nni... r"l"'l11t"C1 in 'M
IJN lmpcrilll JBp&neose NllYY
RESTRICTID
RfSTRICTED
IlESTRICTED JAP INTEL
JAP INTEL
a 'j:llmr'" of 11Ia,I,I,II",,'" ,~·rs to I.... tranwrl th""ul!houllhe "'.r. a"d .hh'"'j:"b Ib,·lack 1""'II"w
lI<'",hl"d 1111.. ~ h"""" of which :~IlJlJ <'"O\'i....,,'"
f"r dut,· ...i,h ,h~ ,lrfe'L..- .m,i~ Th.. 'nlplllj."" ....•
....-ti...n·... f the :\.,.1 ~1I"n.1 :"1.1I ~ho,';ed. ~n..l.
k''''nh felt in ,he 1.1"r ~lIl~"I' ... elfnrb 10 ;"'1)1''''''
II .,....."'" inelfecti...e. Cert.in ph.,·.;... 1 h.,,<li""l ....
d ..lrll>lIll'tll"
1 lo.·tr echelo"ll. •,,_
..,....... , ra'mfl&
. .a. (2) The .... fu..... aWtu, ......
,_rt,",lar. lilt .-.I fail_ of •••~':=~
",d ~ ..·th from ,10.. :!ll..w..:-......llh j:"inn"'l1 of ,he ~hon./......."d ,·"In..rabili'.,· or th.. ,1."."1'>'<' rorulk',,,,1 "'1Ihi" i"d"·idu.1 .;1"("""1 ,oq".dro"...
1><.. ",for",., 1<", .nd "'.leri.1 ..-.." in.d..... II.If'. .."""'. _11fd ill tlw to. OIl . . .
f ...... II... _ dfpmdabIo. _ _
I1M'" u ""t,llllU. "-I...,,. ,,,,Id,,n in ".. bl"Ollj:ht ~n.i.~~ .ilT""fl. th~ 11I.,Il·qu.ey of Ii!!"hter
'"~ Flak o..uy_i_, III Ih~ u,,,.1 ....,,... ,. m.lb..
I1M' Iin.1 1.,..1 to !Ii. T .... i".........,..
frolll • _rci,~' of uni,< aflo:u .nd • ('On~""nl
..... '1'tu~of <.offiee" Ihan r... ",'m alle",p'
uht<1 n.,her

IIJ"'" "I'.
pl"Olt'C' iOll.•nd I he ' _ ' I ) ' "r enll'lo~'i"l!.11 .... i I·
.hle ."bm.ri...... 10""'1'1,1" ba_.nd 10 .u."k \'.:-=.
...",hi"",. PXI,lain ill part Ibe f.i1ure of Ihi~ I~'I"
",."... 1 ... k-"I.'i,,,, "f Ihe ,"n~i", of .-\.\ Ii"", ,Ito-
.... nd"'j:" 111'011 • 1,I.ne·s <:0\1,.,.. .;'d .!I;lude .ilh .\nI1) .ad :\....:r ....... hod;n lbe .Dt6-_..,..,.
(") .\ lad: of d'1fOl'tin, 1. . . . . . . . . . .

n...m .nd I""" "f 1111'''1. IIf lbe '111..11. . . . . . . . .

....mn.1 On. '"UI ....' Jlf'rforn,i"4!.l1 t"" fu'I('1.'Ol\O' or tWr..lL.....1 some or Ih.. "" ..t ("ri, icsl " .. rio<l~ in
tet.""n 1<> k"""-,, .\.\ 1..... 'li""'l..... N,( dolo.
'~I0l""1 b) ,he J.I.." ...... mililary. F1.k p.-..llior"..
..... obu.int<l.
or ""ell,I-·." .
f..\rmy labl "f ol}.... "iulion 1"""'itl,,,1 for
t"" "'ar.
j. PAolo ruo..""'U<i<lM<! ..... limit..d b,· ,h.. SAme
"h.." ,11-.:0" .."",1 r",,,, ,he ft il.blt I,h,,,,.. (-II :\0 'fA"'"i.' I..lloinlt' ... It',
''''h~u.re I....N:oIlI...I I onh- ,,,,, l fM ....i _
le." ill.
:::"'1'"" .'MI rro", report., "}"1'i101>- re 11_110.
,,"..llil........~ uIIio.?,.,. d" ..-" I" ."d indlld;,,~ amlie.;, f.'"lor.; ,hili "","""Itk,,,,I!!,,,,enl "'-,<,oml.i_'...... pln_ 1""11",1 "X'pr,1 by larIinll ......,"' ,Ie hm . ,.... .u""m,.,.1 Ini"i",. ~ '''HI
h, ""',",I, .1 I""
• hh""uh unrl" 1 10" ....... nll~·I...."t ..-...... v.-u""· • la('k or a" .pl'N'Ci",ion or ;t.., ,·.h.... FollO"'in~ no, "'l"'"",1 10. ren'nl h"""'II. .\rm~' W.rColk-r.
iut! 10rol"":l i"r "'.,iOll ""I~· ~nd nOllO 1'1"01_ 110" fa II .. f :-="il""'" i"I ..""" ill I'h<>,,, I'I'<~'"'" L "("@ n. Tn"')d o~"/y.", .'11; """""",rilv ruolin"lUllr\" (;;1 Inf..rior i""....,."...
t .',,", .... '«"""11" Jill in-
iL TI....1"'<>-1: {'<)II'IlI..." 1I11l0IK)In~' .oco....I...1 "lid, illC.....,..·", ill .pi'e of ,,'hieh ,,"1~ l 1,1"".. r Il·
nai",<&"C't'" «>ni.". we.... 110"-" ...·~r !'.il.. n ,,,,,I 10
"Ii"...
",,,I ,.... 1 '0 II... inui"idual ,aci";... 1 ("f)r,,,n.,,;1 lelhle"'l<'"e p<l!lillOn,.. rPfIortinlf lhe ,.......... llaci of
....... Utll.'· ....... ,,11"'1 in j:""".1 dilfe""n("{'S in .i1~ ."d ,mllletli",,·I.,· CIO".....n,,,,!. TIll' w., I>t<:..'L'" of Ih.. .l'p...... '.IIOO of tloe IlOIffil1.lr' .... of ' .. I~IIt~.
n""h d, vr OI'''MlllOll ."'Olll-" im..llij.... ".~ lilliii'. "",,r Oki".,,'u. I'hol" i"'erp""I"'i.." Wa.• "ill ill" ",effect i,·""...... "f r<!CtJ"""I""""..... n.1 uI h~r ," n:"'" .nd Ihe -"",I..,. rolf' il pl.rod ;n I.... J.pa_
Ill' h 1MI)lllll';;,' :\11"." t h.. r",ocl iono of i"I,,11 i~"",-e
1",lv'" ,h.. ('"",blll,~1 ~1I"1I1 Fon.... ".".... !It<:t1l1<11IT)'
r"diU"'''' .. r,. .1..", vf <1
"'''r. onl.,· 18 Ann)" olli
1,,1'''',·11, nl II", ",,,I <>f ,he
",,,I :10 ~,,,,,,. "iii""",
to' ,nfurl"nl'un. ""d bet:.""" of laek of " "tnol milllarr·
b,.,.,,<'1, of ill'e1hj.:en~... with 8utticielll """l",w"r (6) Cert.in cha....neri,li"" of tI", hili" mil.
,only 11",1 di,1 ,wt nl'I><... r 011 ,n bles of orl-'"",ZIIt 10". Im,·;,,~ ll('(''' "0 (I'1Ii"",1. Tlw i"(,,,·,,,,,I;o,, "I>I"i"e<1 '" I... r(,,,·,,, \10.. I".k. 'Utr.'" IIIenl"lil~' lend",1 lO IIulh'" ,I. ork of
IIr;,,' '~lII"""~ "' Ihe r""d"",e",,,I,, of inrellij."'''~ I,.,' iul'·rp....1'" ion o( plllllol:"" ph- "'''.1'''11'''' "i I... r<>o'
3. Condll$;ons
;IIlplh~..... n('t'. CorruFl''''[ h.,· III~,r ",",,, prol~
...,,"" ,"dud..d in t..'rlll'l"Ill il\~"·'''''ioll ~i,"'" ,,11 ,lit' ill""",li"I" I,WIi"nl ">t' of ,h" "nil ,ml",·ioJ.! II ... "Itlll,do. ",ililar:<' pl."" ill Ii".. ,,'i,1I .... '[p ... ' ... l
.\r1ll.'· "f1icl-,.,. hll' 110 Ir"I";"I-". wllll'"",,·('r. "-n~ "0'
r,~,,,,,,,,,j,,,,,",,,e ",,01 "'''._ J.!i,·,·" 1:"""",,1 di",<",,,- II. 'j"I"""·....' lIIilil,,")" "",I """01 i"c.'111,."",~.
I"'''''''d ;,,,,,I('(I,,nlel>P<:l\U",',
",,,,.,,,,,,,,,,< o( d;'-in~l,. I>o to..... 1 .1 11 1'""_ ",,·ill.
,,!fpn·oIlJ.,' II", X",·~, '0 prep"'"t' "tH,·...." fm' inc.'lh. i""I;,,". ~o wlll",,1 Iii" nf "11"''','' I,,,...· dHd"I'- ,·,I"IIl~·. "'·.,reIHI,hll,;....1 ,he illll'<>rt.II".. "f ,I...
~",nw ,,<o,;ij..,lI11UIlS. ",,,"1 w,,~ m";lllui"..d. (I) "l'h,' I"·,,d. ", ,he lIIi1jt'")·I!,~"rI.,· "",10.""". a',ark "' Ihe U[lPI1 of ,II.. prel"'r.lop~· !'Iefl'>
k. r ....I."i""{ i"tel/;go,,... l:"ill",II>.I" th ...lnp""""· 11I" ...d ,I,,, It'''j.!lh "f Ihe "'Ot 1"'8e<1 0" lhp ."''''''1'' 1l............~. for i,~ """" ~11""",i,... Uf<"lll;ol1. BellI$!
1-". X.."r1)' "II of Ihe rllne';"ns or j"lelJi!!"II''I!. in
,he I". R ~n..,. were ""(Y:>j:mi",,,t by ,he Jllp8'''''''' throu~h " ~",d~' of ,,,I'...... ..:I,«I"lp"lt'II' w,,~ u,...([ ,ion or" Ge"'"oll "i'10<'"\' lind" r.l,.. e·li"'.le of elllhroil~d ill inl~m.1 JHJli,it:a1 .d",in$""I;",".
ind l>trfo..m~d inl~rmillen,I.I· 8"d wi,h '·...)'Illg ,n i"'t>r<J\'e lhe desiJ.!1l alld 1"'rf"1"II'"nC<' '" ,h"ir Alli ..d "'e"k".." boIh "~ ,... pro<!udi"e 1:1I1'... i,,· ljUI'P,="in~ ;l1ron".,ion and l>end;,,~ illO "PFT<'

,~........ (>f ~,~ I.n Ih~ ..roducli(>n of back. 0"'11 '-"I"il'",e'" mIlo" .. rill'" '0 de"ise CO"Ill.,r· and morale. ""d f.il"d to I'ro"ide for.n ...rj.. ."iu. 1"~Il"",1 end,. bto:-ame .........1(\ n.w"", 10 J.J>&Iwe!'t
I.die" or !>elle.. m... n~ of emplorilll! P;<;"inl! lIir· ,ion .d"'1"olt 10 1Il...1 the "'I".,i...n ...hiph I.'.. r ",ili,ati,t;;. .nd the... ~ blind 10 obj«til"e
~ro"nd inleJ1i~e,...... "d ""1.im.l"" of .. lie",)" COli"·
("nft.• r",.m,,"1. .. tr.. loa......1 on Ihe kno"-n ".1>1· t1",·.. lol>l'd· imell;t.....IIt"e.
billli", .nd Inlen,ions. bolb bn.ncbes of Il"'lIl'rt·lee
.1 tI... pl."nin~ ~,·el.ebi...-ed ('OI\~id~rablll ~ bililie:!' of ,ho;;<> of ,he .." ..",,.. ~",e ".... ,,'b ",.d"
by .ppl.,;n::. «omn>Oll ~ ~,..I".,ioll 10 infor '"~ 1...,1",1ca.1 illlellij:""1It"e by ,he i"'.. lli,:....,...... ~.
m.'ion dn,,"1 from • JrTnt Ina,.,. of l>triodi..a\.;. liOlL' vf I"" .\nm· • .,d :\.q' Gen"n.1 S,.ff" in.n
.11'-""1" 10 e>li",~,~ pro"w:tiOlI ...1..,.. Duri"g Ihe
ron;lj.." ....... "'purL.... n...." b .....d...sls ."d O'OIllI"U,
";"'IIOIl.~ lraf!ic ....1)"5' .nd ..-ilh.~ 10. milli- eoul'!!l! of lhe 'll"ar. erlShed Allied .ircnft types
Mmll ...Ilit"t ~nd ;nfomll,iOll ;;:urb.s 1'I'«'nn.i~­ ~IUtlied • .,d. "'h~lI I""",ible.....I"'ired ."d ,....t
........ rel>ot't·. ClI'IUrM docum@flb. llrisonu of flo.." ..-...... : F-IF. Fit', ~Ih(', TBF. TIUI-Ie.
orar illel"t9g1lll(lnll••nd ('O(IIbat I'I'I'0ru. I'8-IY-1. F6F. 1'-401-:. ,\-20.\. Jo'J.\. Hurrica"e.
h. ('_'"...~joll, i",pllige"~.. ..-u highl~' tW· !'BO.IJ-liD. 8-1;)0: I"" I'IHI.
...eloped in boIh ,"" .\nn~· Ind XI"! Ind pr(wide.1 I. HUOfJ"itio.. lrai"'"g fot I'ilolt .nd gunners
,..I".b.. inform.uon .nd ..-Imiug-I)f .u.c1u f....." ..-u not ro'L~ide"'" • fU'OClio" of in'elligen~e .nd
'"al~'_ .",1 ""."_liClI .Itldr of COlli >i~'1's. tnllie reot<'it·~ .lm08t no di......,lion 0.. en("O"rnj.",menl
....IUll.... I...'....")" Ind RDF. 16" ~~ ,,'1;; from high ronl"'.lld le,·el;;. .\ 1"';ef .uernpl 10
""h,n",1 in Ihe Held of code b...... king. :'oleocb n,o"" Inl,l.te n fon".1 tr.i.,lnlt I,roj.!,,"m "'.s rnn,l.. III
nllj:"hl !la,'" l.>H:" Ir"in..d from Ih.. >1t"lr of ("Om· ,II{' insi5lence of b'W offiCl'r, ""d.. r Ihe Snv~' :'olin·
nnlll;ClIIOllll had ,he ,\rmy and ~a,')' cooNlin.I",[ islr)·. ill which..o p"li" ..d ",e" ""d21" ,,/lice!'" ""-
:!wi, elf"rt•• nd e.,"bli,h"d nn elfeo:ti..e li.i,on ,·..it·...1"1,,.,,\ '2 h,,"~ I,... inln~ .,,,t'll. .\ I the "",du'
wbich ".••• in ,bi. CI"I. "Imo,t entirel)" IRcking. sio" of Ihe con...... in 1!H:16ilh",,,·n.·~ "ml ti"!,, 0"
i. R..'vmnO;lflJllCt' wa!l- ser;0"8Iy ""glccted -'"l'""P'-e "lid Allip,1 ~hil" "lid "irp""f, w<'t'(' B~'
RESTRICTED
RESnUCTF.O
 JAP INTEL JAP INTEL
US11UcrED
d. Ahhollgh inl.. 11i~ depArtmf'JItl in both
II. ORGANIZATION AND COMMAND RELATIONSHIP Ill...\nu.l' ."d ~.,.). "ere. psrt of 1108 U..ne",,1 ('ahi1ll'C d..t-rtment ,..jIb. dine& ~~~.
SlatT (or Depsrtment) organization "'tacl/&; IVIe on .or f...... acti..i,-: !lOti of
AT IMPERIAL HEADQUARTERS LEVEL fO:e11U1. billd. "'en' w,der illri!ld'~io.. of';:; noanufaoetDn't'fi aDd IR1\f'h of 11M .....
mrUl'!!Ir,f'l\. f'OOOOGIJ ..- «lftln:.l..... b,- thia ~
n.loe ..itl...r dirl'Cll~·. b in th.. ('A>e of the Air
I. .\ bri..f ~Xlminalion of t~ military rom",.,ul e. DllriUI! th.....ar. all ...lion.1 1'"lie.. w.. lie- f. _\t.DllU""'''' Ie~el. bulla iJada ..-c'J
General .\m1r. or i"diN'C'!I~- Ihroll~h .rea .m...
~trnMU~ .1 lop romn..nd I..-~I is "Ib"'Il\~1 h~r& l.. n~"'f'(1 br Army.X.,·y den.. ",1s. .Dd -the 01,,", l?11011t11b1.. d,,....ly to the .:"'»I'nJI' t.
("OIIlln.ndE-r< Q111~id .. of J.p.n pl'O'lf'r. C<Jnnlr-
lO sho d~ rel.lionshill ..-hK-,h f'.t~ ..d bf't ...~n
Ih.. 501' 1 J.r-..........u .I,.",no:i"".nd to faeihl.l~
.n 'md l.,Klin~ of Ih..-.e .I,."'nci.... a:; tl,..~· .""....
n'nt oIIiclI' boldin!! b~' ..,,·.....1 of Ihe "rineip.>.1
(;ell.....1 SI.1I o/liee.... in lh.. \\·.r :\lini,lry' a ...llhoe
nllm... n...,; .di""t"" Iheir polieif'il
The munitio... miub1.f)., lIIOSl of ...
eiall ..... re .\nn}· .nd ~.,.}. <&el'll'"
'= '"'
kt~~'
~IJfctonte 0
~bul, It I
1 of Traln'aa: IKJOib 80-
ro, ,,,,"-,I)" ..Tth .lona.......

in IlIh..r _11On.~ of lh~ ~1101'1. 1'''1_10...1.. G.."enl "f :\I,hlllr." T""inin~ i,,,ul"f<l
roonlin.li'lf' ..·ilh lh...... I"·" u'lt"ui:ulior .
I·
, a." ~ onl}
: :\."ylrallllnj! '..n
."h.I'lralll'n---", t!Urlllwtl
-
bat 10.<100......-...-
n .... __
_II'"' 0 I _.r.
2. The fm/JffOr.mt the Supreme 117", Couucit r. ~.,-~. Gene...l Slaff 1I""I<,n1lI1<' or ~I'-.I· MAJOR JAPANESE HIGH COMMAND WAR AGENCIES
•. Ol!kial hf'.d of Im!""ri.1 GIIQ .nd tll,,'.r De,*nm..m (Gunreibu) . ..-1tS pri.",iJ1"lllJ tl,e {AS Of 1 AUGUST 19451
head of Ih...\r,n~· .nd ~a'·~·. lhe Elllp..ror "·a5 openuio"ll ,Ilanni,,!! 0ll1.u of the ,h,*,,_
6nal ."lIoorilr fur Iheir ."li,·ili!'S. Fe oIflCi,,1s
had.~ 10 him... nd I... had fe'" offieial h·i:.e....
The ;\lllli~I.. r$ of War .nd ~"''Y reported direclly
~"'T. Ai;; in lit...\nn,'· G..ne,," Staff. "'.".1. of tlwl
X",·~· Genenl Staff oA;""rs .1,;0 h..ld similar bill,",s
in the ~""r ;\fi"i~.ry. etTeetin!:, coordination be-
I EMPEROR

10 him.• nd inlhi~ ""n"" ..·ere independent of the tweelllhe I>fO.

resl of Ihp rAbi"el. althOlll,.oi,"ormall~· ~uOOrdin.le
to llw l'rim~ .\Iini~ler.
4. The Minist,ies
.\1rhm,).:11 tl", ,,,Inli,',· ;lln,,,,"~,, of d,,' .\l"llly
I SUPREME WAR l
b. Officii' I a,h·;...:-r lQ rhOl Emperor .. nd 1ri!:,he~t
poli,,~'.forlllinJ! J!NHrp ...,," ,he S"I"..."re Wllr
II.

"nd N",·.,· ,'n,·i,,,l f,""" rilll<' I" time. tOI(,·,hCI· ti",

DIRECTION COUNCrL
.., NAVY
, .
PR·ME
t,,"<1 >t.',·"ice~ d<1miu"ted ihe ,)llllIlUCIll> gO'·"'·lllll..nt ..mISTER
QUIIl"il (S.iko &";;0 Shido KIligi). which con· I"'STER M~llSTER

"i~red of rh" Prime Minister. mini.re'·. of WflT

durin!:, Ihe .. Ul ir" wllr "nd fm· !lorll" time prim' to
it. The 1',·i",.. ,\l;ui~h"·, Iherd"..·. """~ ""·n,·i,,bly
/INSPECTORATE GENERAL I i
.",1 Nu·.'·. chiefs of Ihe Armr alld ~l"')' Gene",1
nil A,'m.'" ",. -"n,·)· "Ilil"·'· ",. h"d ,lo.·i,· "PI"·,,,·aL
OF MILrTARY TRAINING :-' -- -- _.~- -- "
~- -~--,
I
B [J
Staff;. Ilull the FOn'ij.'" .\linWer. '1'1... E"'l... rol·
llin~ the refll,;,,1 of tl .... ui1ir .. ~' 10 f"rni,1t n ,,,ill-
fl't'«""IIII~· all.."ded its couferences; OttIl~iOIl.l1~' OTIIER
i~r,'r "ulomaricMll.,· mad.. Ih.. fonnation of 8 C>lb·
i",ponAut oIfiei.\i ..·ere called i" for dire<:l eon·
~11.lion.
inN imp""sible. This fa,·tor, ooupled witll Ihe
,"0
," ~STER
unique pririlel,!>' enjo~'ed b)' Ille Ann)' ."d ~1I'"Y
3. Impt:r;.J GHQ "Old Ihe Gen""f 51"0 De- ministetli of direct lI11proa"h to th.. E,,,!,,"ror.
fN',lmellll 'Ila<'OK! the other miniSlrie.> Oil • ~ul><!en"ient ba.sis
a. ior .utborit~· for directi(m of J.I"~ I" Ih_ I..·... I l
...., opt...tions "10$ Impe,i.1 GHQ (Daiholl~i).
...-hieh was form..d .fler th~ ...-ar ~u b,' ""n·
b. Thf. \\·.r :\"n';;tr~' hao full ~11O,U!ibilit~· for
Ihe ,Irocure""'rl1 of mililar~' mal~riel. din:cted
I WAR DEPARTMENT
cG.....ar S'aftl
IMPER'.L GMO NA>lY DEPARTMENT
c ~ S,"Ui
binin/!" (in n.rot OI1ly) t~ Ann." ."d XU)· Gen- murh of 1M .\rm~··~ ..lm'nHlllti'·e IlOlie~' .nd.
throt,~oi, it;; ~"bord;n.te 1I"'l"l('i"", ~ul>er,·'-I m.ny
eral Sull~ with the Emperor a, nominal liNd.
Imperial GJlQ had no d..panllll!uls or humus aetil·i,ieJ connected ..·ith ~up]JI,. and o;oen·iees. I r l
...him fOItlbinf'(1 the lWO ;;emCf'l'• • ",1 IYf"n'l~ 0.", of lhese suOOnlin.re ........I('i.... "'All .\ir Head- ,to 'Sl&2nd "'IEa
C(),I,l!llNED _ &REa
by ..il!Nor Army or ~.'"Y oftici.l~ to "!mpoeri.1 qu.rter'" (Koku Hom!>Il), to ,,'hieh tl", r"ini5lr~·
t1eJet'1lted most. of iliJ f"nctioll~ "·'Ih l'4'llnllu Ihe
GENERll GENERAL .R."Es FORCES
FL[[~J
IlHodqnarlf't!!M mfall!llhe ......peo:ti..e Il"'... ral ....11 ARMY AR.lolIES lOo"'. ~a;>D<l1 le-tu.d F..... /00'- _
molY often t!lln it 1lleIIru; Daihonei in il$ adullI .ir f(lr('e!!. although it re<;en·..d for it;.elf the for-
1\1':,.. Br brinj[injZ 1M general slaffs of Ihe twO nUlI.lion of administl'1lli'·e l)Olie.,-.
.... rvi~ \.OjZtI!Nor. ho_ler. it irumred I mH.""IY e. The ~1l'1' .\liniSlry ..-u the top·],,,·el pro· ,to SURfACE fLEETS
AREA
of <:(lOrdin.tion. Joint decisions mll<1e b" Iho
he-d-_ of Ihe 1"'0 l!"ene",,1 st.ffs were i"""....1 lOS
c"rement 8j.'CUC)· for Ihe Nil'·)', dir''l'l ..d the tnin·
,n~ P""J!I"1l111 ","I p.. rforn,..d man)· r,n,·nll"h"i"is·
""
ARMIES ARNIES aRMIES
AIR fLEETS A'In
NAVAL 8 GUARD
(Juan P'oaffl l~u.n P,op.,) (o.r"h ~.""nl OISTRIt;TS
ordel'll In the II.IIlt' of tile Empt'ror, tl'llt;'·e f""e1ion~, .\ir llend\I""netli (Knku
b. Army Gen..ral Sraff Helld'lllll1er.t, Or Army '[olllbll) was on.. of the m;ni~II·"·~ bllrCn\l~. bllt
l~pln'lI('n~ (&.11100 1I0mbu), commanded nil ,'ujoyed grellte'· "lllollOlllY thllil ihe oth..rs. In"" ,. SEPARATE ONLV nt;AOSE Of RAN" Of CO.. folUO,NG OH(;(RS
GIIUT I
Army fo~ Illeluding lir, which wel"<~ 6ubordi- dling 1111 "ir trnininA" nnd leehrri..nl ",,,ltel1l, OOTHO L'NE ,NOIGATES "'A'SOH

RISTRIcrEO
• •
 JAP INTEL
RESTRICTED JAP INTEL

III. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE "t th.t .....el "f e<)lJIm.nd. 8._ tb. oee.
'.n·iewl'<.!.,.. . "'lie"..J tll haw been 1Iboft....
i"fol'm"tiou d,'ri"NI hu,n "'''''y ""n,·Ct'" O"er " age in tl... J.pII........nny and .irf~ud . . .
I, SummAry
Ion!! l'('riod of time. "nd by .";1'111'; ~f Ih~. ""nl~­ IMy pre8Um.bly OOIIlmanded auptriOl" um., it It
A.. IAp"n~>e AI'Ill.'" ]l,... ·p""tl 1-I,.,.hO,. ph",,,i.n;.! wh", "b,.ionB t"ctir,,1 S,tu"tlO" s" ,t de\~l(ll",d I··(tb.bl. thai the l'id"", (tf inlellifeMt' ill c-..
fll.....~l 1110.... tow",~l~ "'81' wilh It"""i" th"u w,t!' "fler the Inndin!! in the Gilberl,.., these l~_!lnlnl<"l I""·er "nill; ""1''--11'8 the ideal,.nd that the ._.
the United St"t~S lind Ih" wei!!hl of he.r mt~I1.,­ lI"el'~ ".-,cu,·alll within "l'PI"~im,,,e\.I" 1':'0 w~~·h 81-... ""it fell "'10" lbe otandatd deo.:-ribed.
"~UC6 "et;"iti,,,, "ud or!!8"izllti(m j!M"'lInted '" as to Ihe time of projec",<1 AHied 1"'l<hn~'8, "nd e. A simplified ,.hrt showing tbe army Olpll.
thar di',-'<:lion. ,\~" ,,-,,ul1 <>f Il,'" ~'ell"'" of ."",,,. 111 the gener,,1 a,,,," iH which "rllOn wOHld ,I~vrl"p iution (botll gn,mnd an,1 air) f"nowing the ...
CI,inA 8nd P'"eI/1'MlIi"n for po,.",ihle WAr w,ll, the II'IlS fon'CA_t from IWO w.'eks 10 n ",onth In ad- nrlfl'"iZlllio" f"r llo~ def.."...., of the Ro".. Iolando
SoH'iet Union. lhe J"pAne:;e h"d d",·(·lo[l(,,1 811 ,·snre. prior to d,~ landi,,!! on 1\\"0 Jim'" A" ~h .. in the ~"ri"g vf ItI-I~ is ginn ....Iow:
('ff"'·li,'" ;ntelli...~uc.., s..-,tern iu Chin8 1~,,,1 )1~1I' >oss'hlo "ltern"ti"elI ol""n 10 Ihe All'es nfll'I'O\\e<l d. Prior to the sprill~ of ]tI-I~, ,he air anni...
churi" un<ler dil'('l'l ''OlItl'ol of lilt' Cl"m"", ~..x. ]the .J"p,mese
, wCre suc<:essful . In .,mprO\111!;
, ' . thes<' defelldi"lf the Horne lslands w...... "nd~r the eon.
I",d;tion"r~' Arm.,'. in Ch;na "",I. thfl KW'~I\1~ul~ 1f",1 of th.. defe""" annies. each itf ,,'hirh "'." rfo.
""ti",atl'S. " " lb. J """T. '·,•• r· oil"".. ~.,. "'••""'..... ,...
\nu\" ill :\lanchurm. I'd..,.red 10 '" hod, 8,e", A.' c. The illtelli~'t!nc~ di"i"ion of the A"lIIy Gl'u, "n',' 'b".. _·ho _ b'''~' Ob ....... , "''''.' '..'100 •• >1~m"il>le for the dd~,,,,,, l>f. "i,'"'' -=1i"n of U...
;'ok,;,,,,, Kiklln (Sp(~inl Se,.,.ioo Or):..~,,,iz8Iion).
"r,,1 ~lalT mnde nO I"'o\"i,,io" for the 1I<"'fol''''s,:",'
"'••, 'I'b.,· _
.'b" ~."
U.. ~'.'" "II""..
'b. W.. C." ,,,.
'b b 1' _
011",.. $oboo'.
.
n..
llomel""d. Tht "rindp.1 ella"""," ., that t"' .
In Chinn this Ol'"",niMlion c"'Tic'll out fifth l"l· ~f f"'WI;"'," '"el"tinj! 10 t"rl!et """Iy,is. ph.,to u~­ bb'•• r Ih. old _",." ""h.''' ' I.''', b'" ,. as it atfer1.'l chart 2 are:
umn aNi"ilili'S in "t'('AS whi,.h tl", .J"p,,"~_-e Army telli¥CJlr<'. lechnic"] inlellij!elU"o 01' /I"k "'t('I1,-
lb, .,,~.
(1) T"~ defelll'e .ml~· \l'h .I>oh"h..d .nd 11",
intended 10 oceup.'· and aft .. r occul"~liou l:>e'" j!c,we al G~nC",,1 SI"ff le,:e1. The de,·elopln,·"t, (~f
formed lilli"",n function" l:>el W('l'n Ihe Clu"e"., pilI" these fU'lctiolls;n 'Hbordll\nle ,,,,helu,,," lal'ked d,· JAPANESE ARMY ORGANIZATION AFTER REORGANIZATION, 1945
l:>et b",,·en,m,.,lt allll thl' oe<::III,"'iOl~ "nn~" I" ,",'Ctio" ",ul coordination and Wa" i"",h"'I""I,' I,~'
)IAnch"l'i" Tok",utl Kik"" rH~ngl'<1 III "SI'IOIIaj!('
Arti"itl'OS "Ion~ the nu;;.<ian bnnl,·'.' ond WA" .llw
.\l'mY'. chief so"'"<'e of iufol'mat'~"\. re;r~",-h".j!
U. S, stm,dards. . ,
d. Tlll' .Jnpa"~.",· Al''''~' tabhos of ''''1!8,l\Za,,,,,,
l"-O"ided fo,' intelligem"e ,,,,il<l i" ''ehelo"". !lown,
I EMPEROR
Rus>;ian "eti"ilies in that ",·ea. A 5"",1,,1' ""elll- to ""d induding AI'''')'. It \\"a~ the ~"'''t~ce f~,
gence org"n;zation 0llerllled ill Bnnn" oolh hdol'e
And afl~r the mll'eut of war with the Uuite<l SI"les
and there is "mple e,'idence thnt Ihe .rapanese
di,'isions t(> "s.<ign Sn ollicc,' to fnll lime "'t~lh.
;;:ence dutie<, bnt below di\"ision these f:lI'''IlOnS
'-"'e"e assig,ted lIS "dditional dl~tJ tD :"l offieer des·
IGE~ERAL STAfF I
were attempting to e.nend ""d perpetuate the ignAled by the unit, co,nm"n,h.nj! ofhrer. .
"eti"ities of theil' ,,,,derem'er agents tl.lrough ~, No speci,,1 schools existed", th(\ i~ "my ~Ol the I
de"elopn>ent of such "n o,.gun;zation III the , . ·,nin" of officers nSS;j,,"'ed to OI""I"I'tlO,,,,1 II\tell,·
Philippines. (See part VI, Spe<:ial Se,.,'ice r.' '" " . . ih AREA ARMY DEFENSE AIR GENERAR~J
"enee duties; howHer, l.~nel"lll instmcllo,~ 111 .e OUTSIDE AREA ARMY HEADOUll.RTERS
OrgnlliZlltions.) ,. . . rumln",,,nlals of imelligence \\"as included III baB'" JAPAN I~ JAPAN
h The war in tlte l'ac,hc alfor<bllmle 01'1"'"
tunitJ (0,. the expansion of an nMll~< intelligence
H,tem simila,. 10 thnt de"elol>ed in Chinn, ~["n­
officer training.
I ."
DIV,SIONS

churia and Burmn. As a I'esult, the .Ja[",n~'Se

Arlll)' did not ooncej,'e nor dc,'~lop a rentral, Ill·
2. Orgll"izllliQ" .
". The Al'my Gener,,1 SIrlff WIlS Ihe hi¥I,,·,t t8('- I
ARMY
(G,oundl I I AIR ARMY
J I ARMY
I
DEFENDING
JAPAN

ti""l cou,,,,,,nd in ,I", A,.,ny and "ontr~lle,~ 1>o.t1 1

telligence orgunization eu:bracmg the. "ar,ous
funclions ronsidered essen"al to effet:tl\e opera· ""onnd lInd ni,' f"rel'S, Tltble, uf org"n'Za1l0n IS·
~ned '" Ihe Gelle,.,,1 SlatT le"~llll'e"""ib",lll,e staft'
OIV'S'ON AIR DIVISION J DIVISION
I I ."
REGIMENTS I
tional intelligence. The 2nd Dh'ision of.th~ Gen·
enll Stnff, the highest int,;lligenee UI"t ", the
Annl'.oonsist.ell of 1i staff officers "nd 4(1 "ltn,.h",l
sect ions "nd p,.,wided for lhc allpointn~e"t of the
I'riu"ipal olli""r._ in ,,"ch, hill Ihe d~I,,,I" of ,talf I REGIMENT I I AIR REGIMENT J REGIMENT
SOllAORONS

oflirers at the eud of the ,,'sr. The ?lh ~lion O"J!"niz>lt ivn in the li~ld wem II orkcd (,ut. tv a "e,')'
of the 2nd Dil·ision. respo",;ible for mlello;.!,·"~~· I"rge eSleHt by tl'll field "on"na'ul,-,.,.. '1:lw G.'u-. BATTAL'ON I I SOl)AORON J I BATTALION

relating to America: Engl"nd and PllCif,ic "reaS. ern! Staff prescribed "n inlelligenee !!l'Ct'OH ",,1.\
"JJ fa,. <lvwn as nl"llly (glln) in the ~I""\lnd fOI"l'e5
COMPANY
hod a tOlll1 of 27 ollicers assigned. lts d"ef fnnc·
""d IIi,. di"isiou (hikoshid"n) in i\,~ ,1;" f01"':CS.
I COMPANY I
tion WllS to prodnCl;l estimntell of, "lli~'<.i forl'e~, c,,·
p"biliti"", and illl~ntio"s ~nu81 to ws,· I~I"H_ E"en nt. tb""", (~·helon_. the I"hlps of 0,.s"ui1.atlO." PLATOON
ning. Through detailed a"d carefnl 8"alp's of issued from "bove set 'np onl~' the "sttlff" intelh- I PLATOON I CHARt :II

RESTRJCTED , - RESTRICTE D
 JAP INTEL JAP INTEL
RESTlUCfED
'ndi,·id".1 .r11li~ d~f~udin/ol Jap"n I'rolJer n·· gence s)'~t"m. There, ~"Ccesll ... 118 oLt"inl"ll rnl h"r lioll of ... hi"h ....s 10 k""p .b !lt of ~nem'· tfof"h.
'hil)' .. nd """'I op"tIIlio",,1 int.lIi",~n<.'<l ....." 01.· j. Throulfhuut lIMo ... ll~ war• . . . .,
IMlM.d di ...... t to th. G~n....1 SlnW. lIi~HI de'·¥I('I'IIIPIlI •. , Th~ G e.. 1 S1.ff ...:•• Ih..
7

Ini""tleilher from Chi"""" who <'()lI .. la'l"Ilt~d wilh inl.. I1,..."........ haml'Pftd by Iedt ttl..,. iIttIIII-
(2) '1,. air IIrm)' in Ihe 1I<.mel.nd. NoMlo I'rn""r)' I",,,,t of dHribulio" of .ir illl~lli/("'l~
Chin•.• nd Kore. "'u .t-,li~h~l. and Ihe .ir d,,·i· th" J.l"lnese in\"lld~rs or from lludert.'()'·~r "l!:""ls RS ... ~Il R8 ,LrTOliud int"l1igen~.
"">t\" Inlllll~ 1'1'OjInm. 'J1w.re ................
~,...... ",,·hool••nd till .I*"ial illlel.~ _
,ion in th..•.."'" .......' Ih'l'\'lIfl~r "'ported In " ,,~,,' in >p.d.1 .~;"n.ies 8u.h u TokuIII" KikR" ("cart ~. A ,.implili",1 .h.rt .howing II... ,,,.in I'~"'ar
VI) ,..h'"h ,..".... Ilndl'r Ihe ...... -CHI)'. ~'.' .,tll~r II~ .\m'J W., ('ollell'" 01' lbe A,. ~
,.t.. W,;('<:tion. A,r G,"~ ... I llead,I".n.· ..... ,Ii......tl) .\t",~' '1II..11IJ:"'''ce or~"I"zation. both j!."",,,1 .nd I rallllnl/" :'leho,,!. , i"IUo;h lraininlt' in i",...I I ; . - .
nuder th~ ctud of S1 .. W. O •• ~ .. ~ the .. ,r .. rm)· b. ,\." a """II. Ihe Pearl H.rbor .ttack f"ulld ai •••1 '/'okro l~on Il\Ill...... S.
..."" /oI"'..n ...... inc"lent.llorollrlltll i.n tactiQ.lllib-
....... ret .. in~1 ."d .1111 ....11Ort...1 to Ih........... rm)' t h~ J "1)ant'5@ AMn~· "'it h onl}" • >",.il head,,"~rt~tlI f. lnlh.. ".rl)' "Mlnlhs of ...ar II", oolk of imelli. t ...y hi>tory and 'munit'alw..... Uld ........... _
,n Ih. thealer. imellil,,,,ntt fll'ct;on. I h~ 2nd Dh'ision nf th" A nu)' 1:..,.... d.'11 ,,-ith re~rtl to Ihe l·nit...1 ~l\Iltl"l .ntl
..It'! l,o "''''Iii''' "~'" uIlfof"tttllo I..nt !heir
G~n~...1 Stalf. It con~i8l.ed of ~bo"t 20 nfficen- ."d G""'I n ..itRin .."..., rUM,i>I...1 b.,· Ih.. ~ ...y ."ti .I~ n~ dut,.... in th~ fiel<l. 'n lhe "flt"l'i.l .....-hool~ fur
3. Pr... If/.r Arm, IH,..llig""c<l lOud 1f/.r·Tim" 20 ~co.. .",1 "nli~t...1 ",~n. nol1~ of ,,-hom hIl.1 11ll"'~'lll :\II",r"".1 i"'llI~tli.te .1.ll\Il'H'>t' lll."ni,,¥ ...,nununirali""" <:JlIio:er, .nd "holo Jn~
D do!>"'...' ~i,· ...1 ~1_i.1 ;ntellij.....llce lraininjl:. rt'<'I",...",,,nt~ ~.,-~. "'Il"'.te- or fol"t't"- .t It.- "lOrt,"lllvl""~ ...... I'~ on inl.lh~ dUlie
a. I're r imdh{1{,llff ~Ii,·it'.... in Ih••Jap.n_ c. In Ihe lield. th~ higl..81. COIIlllUlt.. ~ ..-~.... 11.. ,,-Itii. tI.. PhiliPl'i""" (f ....'" .. ~.i.l _ " . " ' ,......
th.n III t .... ~l ""hooI....Lut ~ .."' tllf'rf lra,n;",
.\nu)· J.lmg to tM [jnited St.. t..... and GM'l<t ........ nni"", on. of ..-hich colllmnntl~d <!'ach of the of Ih" I'hillppirlO'l> ,obt.in.d I.tt' ,n So tl'bPr ..... ",.oI""-I".t.. II.I' l' ~, ...,.. lard>.
Brit.in ..·e.... l_lhoM>lIjl:hl)- or~..ni_Ilh." in tl ... IIrillcil",1 tl' I..n, of "p..,..tion.... 'n", K..-anlulljZ 1(1.11) ••"tllh...."'thern .""'~ ......... d~l.i""l ."tI
J.p,">eoe ~.\")'. T ...o "","-...,n,.t'" ~i"1M\ by J.Il"· •\Mll}" (the m,)· in .\lIlnchuri.) b.d .....11 • """rate. It"'h nUl umil ~th- 1(1.1,1 ...1",.. Ih• 4. lP .t;.~ Oper.,io•
n~.\nny~"": organized inl,"-lli~~ ~~.>ot ..", d...li"l: ..-ilh int..lli· .\IIifl.1 often-,i,'" i.. Ihe :;o~ ~n 10 ¥-in L f;........ ~~f'"
(I) Pt"'...ar inl~lli~",,~ IMlintN to..... nl • "·ar ~1ICe O;:OI~mi"g Ru&<ian ... p"bilil;'" ."tI int..n· lWlmt'ntUnl th.t Ill. J.pan_ f~ll • pl"t'liring 111 n.. J .. pallftot! .\rmy Gmeni &.1 ((ltlSli-
lion~ in .\.si•.•\ ...... nn;.,.oth.... lh.n Ih.. K,,·a,,· n_1 for beuu ~.'round int",lh~~IlC'e.
agai"", Ilus.>i•• II~"PI_in/ol • I.nd ca"'V-ign in lul..d tI.... b,~~ .rmy ,,_nd. n.. b~
.\l.nchuri•• nd ;-;ibt"a in "'II,,,h th..pritl<:ipo.l in· lung Ann)' h.d ",,,.11 intelli~ 81..ff.... The in. 1;•• h Ill. ..-ar p~ til. J.pa_. an:onl, Illtelh~ WUl lho::rod o,nsioa of ~ 0.....
t"lliger>c'" _rft::! ...oold hi' ob.!ooo.....I'on po6U, leUiget~ uni1.S ho:lo..........ml}" le.. fi "'erfO 01"' illl: to ~l\Ilt~""'"'" of Ill.ir .\rm1 oftit.e...... ""¥." 10 ft'Ill ~,.If, It ...J Clf Ih~ __ ~ ~
l)atrol~ ami undel'OO"er .",,,,m,,,. ,\~rdingl}'. Ih. ~lli:r.ed 10 coll~ inform.tion. hut Ilot 10 II~ bKOtn~ mO.... OOI':lt'"iou;; of lhe ,..I... of.n .. ~uale ""Imp- "',Ih ~lf(11k ~I'binol....... .\1 lbe
wore .l.bonle int",l1i~tlCf' .)-.t"'" ' - 1 ) ' in iL inl~llig~noe »OI:em .nd ti,. ohortt'Ominp of iMir btjnClDi~ of ~.-.r II ... "1m", _IL ~"m,
conducti,,#, • ..-.r
o'-.r th009l1l'1s of "'lU.rfO m,l"", d. In the .ir force;;,. ... h"'\1 ......... 5noo.,lin.l", 10 0""". A _tall" colO'",1 """!lent fronl Tok..o 10 reo of aboIll ::!(l ud • few "",1i.l.od __
....". nor. d ...."'],ol'.d. t1", .'\Mm·...en- n"l<:h Ihe HIlle c:ondition~ uiSl~d. "I}.. ."iu .\n,,~· mlellij.....,.... or Ii,. I5t:h :\n,,~' .t (;",1<1h ,1<> 1I0'i! earl .. in lioW ...bom _ ...1
(2) The raml",i~,\.'o ,II (1"". did ,ltlI ",oim OUI .\1 Tok):o headqu.rt,"-f'S. there ...u . 5m.U inlelli· N.'-,,1 in r1 194:1. AI .I_t I"i~ I""MOd full. III"O..i,cio".1 ~ .... ~ bolh to help tilt'
1M ~,ty of .n el.oonle 0lleralion.1 illl~lIi· I,""~ IInil ...ilh 2 Or 3 oIIioeers, the pr'DC'l'..1 fUll<:. I ill'" im..lhl.. " vIIiee,.,. ,,'~'" "--'1-"11<'II .1 til> ;"'01' bn.Iql1aM ...., Uld 10 ftC'OoJ .... lrallli~ ...hid>
...,-..1. ...tl i'Kliri<lual comm....Ie", in both Iho "0II1d qll.hfy lbtm f,of" 6eId "";~I.O. .~I the
I:,o..ntl.ntl.ir fo,.....;; '"",rea""" lhe number of 016· end of lhe ...... It "rprnzau.. IllId .. rm.."1h of
JAPANESE ARMY PRE-WAR HIGH COMMAND ""... in till" ,I ..r llIt.llig<''''''' >«lion., the :h>d Dirisl.", lib indw:at<!'d i.n ("bart .. on
h. In Tok~·o. elro"", ",.de b." Ih~ Chief of .\rmy follo.-mg I~_
INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATION IlIIelJi~""", to int:~ It.. nnmho:. of oftio!:n (21 n.. f'nDoCIllaI i,,~U~ _~ ....ilabJe
..",lb"""lto ,I.. 2..d (inl~JIi¥"IlC'e) !)i,·",1OIl of tM to Ihe .\rm)' Ge,,,,ral SUf ......... ,
General SI.II" 1.....1 ..-ilh 1'lIle ~ It ....! no! I.) Rtopor1o' fl"Om fom,n all.acbid (flU' \'j.
until n•• r th.. "nd of Iho- "'.r that ~,... ~O ne'" (b) (·oo'mtmiral....... ;,lI"_IIUOD ~rt.-Ill\lln
",,,n ........ IlaII.."oeUlo h...dqu.l'1~nl inl..Ili~~'lfte. VI.
t..) T«lIn....l .........rdl ""1On>- lpaM \'j.
i. In the .i.. foN:'e tIll" p.lIrrn "'ll!Isimil.r. D...
to Ih.. n.lu .... of .ir for«' opentio"," nl<W't' em· ftll 1I~l'or1.l' from . _ .1"IIl_ antI.\i. Gflto.... l
lI¥.tltl".M ...... Id~ in drt.il bel_I.
J>h.~i! h.d been 1111":'0'<1 0" ;nlelliJ:"'n ",.uef'll in
GENEIlAL STAFF (~I It.-port.. fl'Ulll ~.,.l IllIelli~ ....... 'In-
AIR M,NISTRY 10...er ""i18 (lo~' unil coo"'Ul>lld"nl) 1... in tl...
2"" O.. ",on ..."rt ........,..l'd .t llenodlC -t.llDHlWS!' .ttt',1tled
...... All .."as Ih" Cll>e in Il,e j,,"rouJItI fol'OPl!. ho • b,· th~ roief. of t"" ;.e'"BIlI-,ion,. of tbe Arm..
11n!t1l'genCi I
.,..~r. "lfol'1<l of illtt>lh~",,,oe. person".1 at lIe.d. .;,,1 S••·.. O.,,,,ral N.f~ .nd b.,' pt'1":lO....1 C'OlltaCr
A'R HEAOOUARTERS q"arlet'll to iuc....se the inrelJi!!fil.... S1.ff W"rfO 001. lwt".... n jll"ior oIIi<-e.... ill tl....\tal,- 2nd I)",~i<H'
Teclln,col ~,I..:~fuJ. In the thoroughJ""Oi,,g rt!Orb....iulion ."tlll", :S-.,)' 3rt! 1~I.rt.lI~lIt. In a,lditiOll.......
of d,e Rir fot("1'lII i" ,\ 1',,119-15. II ",,,.11 iut~lIiget l'0n~ a"d _""''''.Mfo. of m",u.1 i"t~""t "',.~
IntelhQenu
.....-:1 ion (!l1O 8 Offieoll"ii and 3 or ....nli~t"tl m"") WII8 ,·::rc·hftlljl:N!.
"'1 "I' "n,l.,· .\ir Oe""".1 HeorlqllAM"rs (Kolon In lUol'ort~ f,,"n N'11.in ci"il go,-en""~n1
IDOTlEO LINE SHOWS LI.'SON ~ NU,.SER OF OFF'CERS SERVEO CONCURRE"TLY 'N ~"IH), thtl new t",1io;:,,1 air ('()",,,,.ntl C$1\Ili>li,,]H~tl Ij.."t'lltit'l<. sueh ._" ,h.. FON'ign Ofti~ ."d HOI""
BOTa THE GENERAL 5TA'F ~NO tN THE W~R MIN,STFIY I Mlld,tr).
Ilt Ihllt ti",,,.
m
RESTRICTED 8
CHART
• 1US1l1.lCTED
RESTRICTED JAP INTEL JAP INTEL

(I!) _\"MI.I"~i~ of _\1Ji,,,1 -hip. I,h"'" M",l ~"b· ,Iitrrled the pl'incip,,1 eolltl'ibu(;orr of ill1"llij,.,(!llce ,·Iouri". ~IIII ~·hinH. tlo.. 1!1'I'.ler P8<' "f lilt: .... fr
to hc,,<I'1rr"I'lel">' pl"'lI\inl!' The Intelligence n;,·i. w",.k, uwh"JuIll" inl.,rlig~n" ... WIIS ,1')IIe al Ihe Ir"" (Il) ~~A~J..um,-. A.poDud
,,,,"'iue mov"IH~nl_".
(:I) The imelligence ,h.la S<J ,",-'(·,·in"l w,,~ ,iol1 "ccflsiOlutily 1"~Il,,"e<1 ~l'"ci,,1 1'·1>0"1" "I 11,,· Ill'I,,)· he'''!'l',lllrl''rs ,,1,,1 Ih" Ar",)' inlelligen<'e ~talf tire begll lll llll{ of Ihill ..1uIp1" illteUlJIDar ....
""ohmle<l ,,"d ,nr"nll,,·i1.~1. I nformnli"ll thu~ ,,~. IWI''''~t of ollIe" .h·p"I·lmCUIS or lhc (iClI""ltI Sl"fr w"" 1'''~I''"",lole ("j'lil1l" mOn, thsn t",ns,,,i1ll>i,," for s,:" ~nll~"" ....... I.......ribo>d by tM tahIeIr.,
cumulaled.!n·(widedlh" bM"i~ for the l'ep"ns "ud 01' or Ai,' FOI'ce Hcn,hl'Hll·t"rll ami ch-:ke<i lIHll ntl~ fill".!! "f I"P"l't~, H"w~"e,', ill ""lIle l'Ilm. 0I'pIllZllhOll 10.'111'<1 In Tokyo, lout tJHo 1111...1 _
n'l:ommeluhlti"us m"de 10 d'll Gener"l Slaff by ",)mmcnled llllOn Na,·y est ;rnales. l"'l~n". I,k,· II,e Solumon.. "1' th.. <ler,,"o« of i.I.lId~ I"",ili"ll "f IIoe ~taf. It>; flllll1io') and it. u...
the 2nd Division lInd the 1"('llOrlS ""nt 10 10w1'I' (to) I{~p0l"l$ W~I~ SI~nt to are" IlI'my hc",hlu"r. whlelo WI"" ~"I ",lr fnml II,,, "re" "nu)' Ire.,l,!u.r_ 1"'l1an"", "&rie,J ..·id"I)' ."tlo Ihe Irmy can_
eclod"lIs, bmh ground ,,"d "il". The principal t"l-S nnd to Ai,' Gencrld H,'adqulll·lerl<. Urgent len, the 1l1'ln)' h"d 10 tllke l>"er ll'e .,.K ("''':ti",,,. t..-nled, Th.."" "'e"".Il<)..·"wt.th !r"IM'l"allyp.
types of e"lim"leil compiled "nd ,1i,lrib,,\('(1 irrfl>rrtllltion cone"l"nin~ innuirrcnt nltllck 01' non.''''II)" .l",,.rol·med b)' Ih.. llrell IInll)·. 'n'eref",re. l'C1'~1l"'" by the K".ntung Army (the area
ro,·~r..d : Chllllj!C ill enemy plnl1s wa~ sent, 0111 irnl1ll~!i"lel)­ Ihe ~lt_telllg,'""e (un"tiol)s of th.. ,,,...,, .'~n)· in Ihe lin,,)· lrr )11I1",hll,·i.). tit...,...,. .n.. ie. ill 11M' ~tb.
(0) Enem." slr..ngth ""d dispositions. by di~l'''ldl. In addil;on, periodic repol'l;. l,wel"- ~I"lo,hzed th~"lers Dnd Ihe Ann)' in ' ' '113 where ern A~ .ud s ..... srmies orgJlnized in lh latter
(b) Eu~m.,. enpnbilili"" "utl inreutions. ing ~I",m.,' st,,,rrglh. disposition lind imenlions II \\"a3,no~ <lll....,tl)' cunlrolled by th.... re" linn)' -I.g/!!!,,(the "'&rlodefe"d the Homel.",!. Within
(e) Generlll sillmtion in enemy '",,""Ir';es i,,- wel'e i$Sue<lll1len.d".,· iuti'I·\·"ls. lint! "nce II monlh \\"~I'il ",rllj"lI)" Ihe .... I".... "d u'(\ dillCu_llogeth"r the h.u~r ''''''' i"'leguri.., of ""i", Ii......!
c1mlinj.! l,,"o,ludiul1. rnornl<l "ud Ilbili~y I" wag'- "I' intelligcltl't' 'ltmmory c<><"eril'g thil gelwl""l situ_ ill 'his >ie<1i"n,
"bo"·,,. lit.."" w.."" ""lilt difr,·n·," lHrr th.. "'·"rlill
wnl·. "Ii"n ill Ih" U. S. WllS published. T~llllic,,1 in-
(d) I'CI·ror'ru"",,, lInd cll:u'"ele,'isli,'l\ o( em'lll.'· h·lligclll"(> and "il"<:I'HfI "'I'Ub'l,itioll rn",,,,,i,,1 wus
KWANTUNG ARMY STAFF AND INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATION
<'quil"n~lll. ""Ht ou~ ,,~ il"r~gul" I' i"ter-,'" Is wh"n",·"" ,,"ll ila ble
(e) Ai",,·.,,(1 lllHl ship recol;nilion m"le,·i,,1. infon""lion justified.
(4) Heports e.:n-eriug Allioo strength. enpabil- b. OrOl",,1 ArmylJd(>U' General Siaff
COhlMAhlO1NG
ili"" nml intentions Wert' tl'l\llsrni1t~llo the Chief (I) The Jllpllne"" ,\ I'm~' "'·j!llni>:a.tion l'''O\'ided
f"r ,,,-ell nl'millS which l"OI'I-eSIlO,HI 1"Oughly 10 U S GENERAL
of the Gen~rnl St"lf wh"ne'·.,,· lIew infol'ln"lioll
chsnb...u Ihe JlNll"iOllS estilllnte. but in su.'· Herrl IhealH ''Qnllunnd;;, and llrmiiOl which wel-o undcl'
n~ Ihe weekly stair meetings. The!'{' "'I",rl;; ,·On· t!lll "I"''' '"·!Hies. III slubiliu·d thenters like M"ll- I
CHIEF OF

JAPANESE ARMY GENERAL STAFF STAFF

INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATION
(AT END OF WAR) I
SECTION , SECTIOhl II SECTION m SECTION m
2nd DIVISION
OPERATIONS INTELLIGEhlCE
INTELLIGENCE
ECONOMICS
LieYlenont Cene,ol COMMUNICATIONS PROPAGANDA ~RAINlhlG

"
Mojo, C.n.,ol TRANSPORTATION (COlon.1 cn;.f l
SECTION

I I
Slh SECTION 61~ SECTION 71~ SECTION GEhlERAL
TOKUMU KIKA" PROPAGANOA
INTELLIGEhlCE
UNITED STATES
RUSSIA a EUROPE LATIN AMERICA (IOfflcor) P OH,cor) (30ffle."l
ENGLAND 8 CHINA
(E.etud,ng Eng'ond)
SOUTHERN AREAS
tONlY T"'E "sr.-F" OFfICEAS AAE 5tiO"'N TtiEAE WEAE 5OM[l'MES AS M.IIY AS 30
Coton.1 ,,, LI Colonel Colon.1 0' Ll CoI.",.1 Colon.1 0' 11. Colon.1 "ATTACtiEO" OFfICERS. 'I' CIV'llANS .100 It EflllSHO .. EN ,N 'tiE INt{llIG£NCE SECTION
IN.ADOITION TO T"'oSE 5",0.. N ON TtiE CHART MOST OF THESE wEAE AS5IGNEO To
, C~I.t

Slott Off,c." , Ch,ef

Siolt Office" , Ch,el
Slall Olf,c."
ToK<lNU KIKAN AND H'E GENE"Al IhlTElllGENCE SUB-SECT,OIlS 1

16 Alloehed Ofhee" 16 Anoc~ed OIl,C8I" 13 Alloctled Ortice'$

CHART V

RESTRJCTED 10
CHART IIr
"
 J.... P INTEL
RES11UCTED IA.P lN11!L
e.1,ionllj!r ~\">-"'Ill (mulrr Tpk",,'" Kiklln) '~'~d ill
O~niUlioll RII,1 f"ncl'"'' 11\ {'RCI. cl~"" Rr.1' ,,,Di- IKlrll. prisoner of "'ar reportB, relKlrtl! from ""p.
,"'I' ,.".,' '", •"'~'"w
• ,).<c. ~~ , i"oI"''''II,le"t "f II", I "ky" .nuy ;Rlell~ Ilat flit a -a.
eielllh' 8iuul.r I" l'e1"ll\lt "",I"rm ,II..'''''''''''' l"ll>(l dOCuments, phot" 1",1 ,'is".1 ~lIn.i~
(R)' 1I:""",lu"y .I,.,,,y. In Ihe I"'J,:"'t\i"~,,r I.hl' diplo"'.lir ~1"..,.;t'l\tllli\"l"", It I.Rd ullrr"H~1 r"r oc:.I"" 'Ilte only ne orIt IIlldtrtaIt. .,
,,-.r Ihe KWllnllln~ Ar11ll', which "M~ I'rll1"...lr "rnd ,·u"" 1",1",...lhe r, ~.·,l"l~llW"" "'"r "",!c-r rt!IKlrti>, gro"nd palrol rellOrIIl. ele.• "'rre collected thellll.lly,i'lIe<:Iion ..hi"h tmdertnok 10 ...,.
:'",1.Ill1 'or lIr"r l"<,,,,,ootWllditi,,M M",I w~" t"n.HI.
Rnd ..ulo.led. To thill inform.tion "'18 "'ded
...rlwrrampa.,.... .......aam.inem ...
l"Hp<lllJ!ibl" for inl"lli~.,.n~roll~rnin~ 1("il/;iR, hRd ill1el1i~I~ originaliRg .t arn.j' 1..,·.1 (lIw.Uy
errtl b,' th~ JRI,nll","" 10 b,' ...,r)' \\~ll ,,,f,,,.,,,,,,l. e'eel;..e ladial ~ in the put, to penU& ..
III eluoonle .nd "if""'!,'e twl,l ,nldl,lt'"lI'-'" 'r;;t."", includillg ,,",J\l!l of 1'111""" oommuRiraliona inter.
Xo exi""~i,",, "han~_ ill orj.!allizHI,on In'n' matle annioetl w prollt by thit nperienre.
built arom"l ob"..r,..li"" r".." II ~lllnd",r,." ....ption), Ind thn comi~g from Toltytl, E8ti. (ll) IIiI'PWr< l..vtl~, 1be tablH of «.
tlurinj( Ih.. war .ntl nOli'" ,,-1' .... ton~itl"'l'1'<l "rt.~'1"
~ide vf the ~1.,,,,hllri.n·S,,,·i"l b<> ll'...mI Ihe eo·
"ivll.. ~"I' .cti,·itr ..f '1'""i.1 oT)(lIniUI'QIl, hkr b,' Ihe J"pnnl':!e.
m.lell "'el'l' then "I'('pared .nd lIent to Tokj'o head-
quartertl .lltl to tlirisiOR d.ilj' by ntlio. and by
,aniulion l.ron.uJplf'd 'rom Tokyo did Dol pro-
..ide. fo.. an inteIhge...... o.ta' belo.. anny ,"..I at
T .Nom"" Kikllll (p.rt \-1). Tlll~.\ "")' " ... m"q"e
in Ih.t il h.d ,,,,",idenbl.. ",,,,1,,,1 e.r ",-'OIIUlme
. (b) _"'~" .I,.",i"< in '''~ SON.'''~'''' A""/I'.
Table;; of organiulio".t Ihe 1.oq!mlllnjt uf the "",.
...nll..ll I'('ports "''''ry 10 d.)"S. The "rillen 1'('.
IKln" "'ere prepa ....d iR sul!icient numbel'1l 10 8tIp'
lhe beginn'lllf of lhe _.t, Ho_e~ .... in the~."
lIlOI\lha of the Qr. lhe ~ ro.. a ~(l'l'C:ial. inr.elli.
dHeIQI'",..nl 1,,,1 illllu_tr,. in )lllndll Iltl <'Oil· I,ro,-idetl for an intelli~ """ ~ion at n.,.. a~n,' ply I'('gimrnlil in the I!'ro.",d fo"""" .nd .ir ~"I''''''' oIIioP:r.1 di ..i ion lerel bel'a_ appaf'C'Jtt .....
seq'~nlh' II_ ,lilt ..... ",ueh 1...." '. Ih.n th.t of a"d anm' Ie"'" "'hieh e"" ",.lietl".'r U)' l. S, di,·Won. in tbe ai .. f~ Abont once a mooth I I dirilion inu-lJi,.....,. u6:ft _.. proriJed far di.
~I""tl"nl;;' .\ "l,i",,1 ~I.lf IS u..liH... l to be Ih.,
n>Oo>l • ..;. .n"i" '111.. oT)(.llIQt;QtI vf II... ,t.lI
.".1 int..lli!-~,~ ,)·,I..m i. ,ho"'11 in rha~ :•. of lhe SIh .\n~,' ...-ilh h... <1'II .. rtr,.,. III ltuoo"l
j,.'1':lIt!nl JlUlIlIllln' of ronditiOl'" ill lhe L"nited
&.tell "'as pobli.hed for lhe ".llle distribulion.
rectly untl.erlhediriamo chiefof st".
- .. nOl.. ~1IU' oArer- but _ -'Ita<::hed~ 10 the
Thi.il""'r

I. In the field of illlellij:."I'IIC't, I .... K ...."'''ng

Ann." perfom>ed both lhe func'tI",,,, ",,,.l1r IS·
"'hieh t'OIltroU..tI·.ll.m1\· fo~ in uw SOUlh
J'.cifi". 'n,e ol.1r i~ sho...·n on Ihe f"l1 injt
' The GenenJ 51.11" del'''llded to. "ery grfttexlelll
on • ...,. annj' el'Iimalt!8 of baltle oroer ... tI eDt'my
g.'... in the C&Oe i".ll lU1i belQ. .nny, the
dutl'"' or the inl.. lh~_ oArer at di..-won \e1"..1
s4-rned IQ • ...,. .m,if'" .IId m.ny of II....... I",r- ehan. iRI..nliO"5 Illhough, of t'OUIW, their _im.18 .-ere dJ'erent 111 the ...n- ........... Ho ,
formed.1 Tokro rorolh..r ......mli _ It h.d II.> I. Al .m, 1.....,1 Ih.. nol>Orl~ fro", 10,,-er L1nit.s. .....1'(' cheeked .gaill5t information from miIit• .,. regar-d_ uf orpnlUl_1 di~ In
o"'n oomD,,,nil'aliolls i"I.. ~plioll """... 11$ o"'n shill' "i~hlin~,. ~"bm..in'" sighting....ir In.ek \'(". .t1ache;r and other lIOUrres not . .ailabl6 to ~d f"lK'tion.......... perlOl'-.wd ia _rly .........,. diri.
oomm.nd..1'll. 5iwL 1be ~ imporu.ut of 1M. _ere:
I..) A"'~'ot'!1(J"~/o,.dl'/NlNol no_l-J.
A ft ..r the f.1I of lbe Pbilippillt!lll il became .ppar.
(., Th.e I'('pcot1>-'rom '-.... IlIUW...-erning
STAFF ORGANIZATION, JAPANESE 8TH ARMY enealj' ~.Dd _ y ~ anti d~l_
ent to lbe JlpalJt'lle Ih.t .n inrasion of u.. Home. _"I'(' COCIIiOlidated and f.,.....nIed 10 the "",,y.
l.nd ..... imminent••nd 10 . . - this Ih~t the Ib) PnlIOIW'ftl of ...... _ere i"ul'l"OgRIed at dJri·

[ (;OMMANOING GENERAL I defenlle fol"Ce8. both ground .nd .ir. "'ere re-
orgaRized in the "I'rillg of 19-1:', .\t thi.. ume
IIOOM! of Ihe )'OIlnl!"r .-n .. ho b", !ltM"t'd for •
l'Ol\$idenble I;tllt'> in the md Diri:sion of lbe Anuy
5ion Ierel by IplClRl ~ .I~ and re-
I"'"" _ere l'rtpal'l'd for Ira,,_ittalloO bopoer .".
lborily, .-\.rmy doctrine prorided that.U prison.
er. "'1'1'(' 1Q be MIl to dJriDoot for in~l_
Gen..nl Stall" "'1'1'(' 1'1.-1 .t the head of lhe in· (c) .-\.11 e&ptUrN docwDmt.. 1I't!ft lIt!-IIt 10 diri.
I.. Jli~~ lI«Iions in Ib" J'('<,)'P'nu.ed df'fmse Au.. foren........ uoa ..... traailll>on.. l10eft they
(;tciEf OF STAFF Arrnifti. These tn..n "1'... experienr<'d ...d ftlt _ere. I!t.:I"fleDed.. .nd _ iJ'IlbJavd anti _t to
ket'>nly lhe dr6c:ienc-~ in intel1~ .I.rmy l..nL hlgbet be.adquarv.....
'\'brn th..y look orrr Iheir ne" as;;ignmenl!llhey (d) C.ptul'l'd equipment .... «1"HftI!d II di..i-
I I IIt!I III' much I.~r intelJigen Unilll. Ih... ~ aion ~ and th.1 lhoughl impartanl ..... ",""t

I OPERATIONS I I~RAHsPORTATlO:.1
SUPPLY a (;OMM.
l.herollilfore bet'>n found in J.p.a mue>-. \\1ule
Ih..1'(' "'rre minor diKrepancies het rell 0'P'mza-
tion. in t .... ne'" .nnie;; th..), "'ere quill' aimil.r ill
10 higher beadqu.rt.er< fOf" analym..
(.. ) Silu.tion mal''' _re It........... rer~ daily.
The infomt.alioR 18 to rhange ia QluatioD .....
I _ntial R!;pe<:1-S. Th" otgl"izatit,m of Ihe :.ilh /JeIlt by ditpatdt to the tc'¢menl and w the area.
Ann)' "b.rged ...ilh the defense of th.. fll.<tern .nd .rmy 'or transmiMion to Tokyo..
I IiOIHhern coaSI. of K)'ushLl is 1)'picaL This OJl,. . n,- (f) Dirision ... _ponaible for Clen.ain palrols.
zal ion is "ho...n iR "h.rt i vn n",,1 IWlge. but h.d no $(l'l'C:i.1 palrol "niL Per90mIel far
INTELLIGENCE
OPERATIONS REAR ECHELON (d) Si""" fe,,' lrained illl..Uigenre ~I'!! ... e~ I..(rol$ ..."" dn .... from from lilll' "RilS,.
LI Colonal
LI COIOMI
MOJO'
.v.il.bl" .Rd littleti"", ,,'.s left 10 tram them." (4) IlIId1i~"~ B"lotr f)i.. irimt Ll'Nl. In the
I 0' Z Offoea.,·!1 NCO. ,,·u desired 10 mike £I>et:i.li.sli! of Ih_ m..11 in ~'!'(lt1nd fott't'i th.. di .. iolion ..... lhe lo"'f:;\1 umt
,'ery IIarro'" 6elds. 11,.. nt..... nn)' im.. lligen.... "-hi,,h h.d .11 illlell;,ellel' UlUI, .lthough Ihere
~tion l'el'""",,,ted .n e.~IWln5io" of th.. e>ld •• nd ...~I'('. or n~it~', ........ fllnt.1ioo. in thr n.lure of
lT~E O~"CER' '~O"'R ON HtE C.. ART ARE HIE "sTA~~" OH'CEIIS 'N ADlllflON, "ot ft radic.1 drl'" ..t" ... from (onner I.racli~. 1~,e. i>lI",Jh~llre "erfomt~1 in lhe Io"'..r erh~lon... :\\1
'2 TO ,~ OH'CEII' "'ERE ·ATTACHEll· TO TilE STHF, ~ OR 4 OF "'HOM "'EIIE AS,IGNEO
f"nct ionij of "II $<l\"ell of lhe sections e;;.1~bh,h..d III Jo"'u erh.. lo,,~ rl'Oln Ililloon Ull "el'l' """IKllllllbl~
TO TilE "HEllIGENGE SOI-SECflON.1
Ihe Hlh Ann,l' h..d ~n "erfonned m the old for J.rt.'J.. ring "'1'01'1$ to Iht! di,'iliioD hlladqllll1er.s

'HAllY 3rt JtESTRlCTED

RI:STRlCT£D
"
 JAP INTEL
RfSTRlCTED JAP INTEL
.,."k.... min~ """h ",.IIN" . ' -i):l:hlin1.'" of """01)' .
al.. I'IAIl'es. J)udrine ''''(wid"d Ihatr all ..pri'l(,I1t.....
I I
and docum..nl$ i,hould lIl' ,.en! 10 • "''';1011 lea, .. lIumbul u .....·i.....1 boxh .druillW"I"~ .'HI t....
to»O)"" _11Ip;_ and "I.,...... l"-tlm.I"" _of "lWin)' lical control OO'U liM! .i.. fo",", u"d~t I"~ OOIllro! IOl"tiallWUl'l&I ~.ad"'",,,J.""',,,
I~ .l1f'IDr ~11U'I,.>II •• nd for ~",lmjJ 10 .It...· (Iu.a,.,.."" and lhat Ihe hea.klua"''''~ ·hould ~ ntJCt ..·fft~ltndc ... beoc_-.
of Air .\Iinlfolry. AI th.t lin.... ho.·~.tr. II",",
I.". Ahar ....
~lOn hndqu.l'l ....... 11 nJ!lllf"f't1 _Ill)' llE"nolllllPl. Ii.... f ''')'''''IIIU,,"! Hjuip",..nl or cn.h...lall'<'n I. .,"" nmpalj(U••\llied .u po_ .,..
" . Ih• ,·'",Irllcuor............... ing I'rl.;o)ll...... "'AlI a Ihof·OU..ohj.'Oln~ ~l"plIizaliOl\ of lloe .ir
docwlI..nb .nd f'(J,IIil"n"llI. TI•• I'n",.rr fUlK1.lOll In l'n.1.~. --.. . I't'd 1....1."... ~"'na __. but I,", Japa_ PIaiII
and C&lnu.....J. dOClllll..nl'> .....'" more ofl ..n ,,,,.,,0 ..
romm.nd ."d ,\ir o.~ 1 Ueadq".n.,.. IKoim
I..,·. blooen .bIp 10 ~ ......... inf_ _ ...
of lhe -.1.~ bel"..' di,·i.,ioll ..-.,. 10 p.""llare ~.
l>Urt, OIl 110. "'.u...... OOIlCt'nllnJ{ ..-llleh '~ n>a>l\eol\ Ihan follo'll'oo. ~n) .-.. l'<'t "I'under Ih.. Gt-nt... llOl.lJ .... Ih.
Ii>
kilO,,· at In.,, I"" nUIII"'. of front ..".. """" ill
laclical 1-.1 of lhe air foretll. .\ It lI...dqu.l'l"''''
,h.. origin.1 i"fonn."on .lId 10 ,:on.><'IH~'le '~HI "1lE"nlion Ind l~ 1ot.1"' of denol{oJNl>ftll "f Mdo.
c. Air F()'U /ldo~ O"ncNJi StuR .. rem.il)eoll und..r W... llmist!')· .nd COlllinlh'(1 10
pn~~ lu di"i~i"l1 Ih.. "'1J()rb 'lrlJ{,,~allllg In .Io" ..r
'111''''. .,." ,"·'I...
I ""Ul'(' ' '
i,,,,1 uf ",fornmllon
. of
b
,
( ) Ii,. F{)~ IhUl1'lIlQrlen Oryutuwl,(),l.
I'riur t~ April Il).l~, Air Ueadl!Uarlc .... (Koku
l""ere,-* "",n" nf ilo ori,,';n.1 f1l1l(li,,,,,. Th~ lin~
I>ctw~" lhe ...... I'''"li,·" d"li"", of Ih" I"" rt'lslt~1
On Iht boo..,,, of Ihi" iufom>alio". ,,",In.. ,~ of Iloe
"umber "f 1,lllII'" ,,-hieh could ... I_I in I'"
Ih""" lo.....r ullil3 "ere 1"'1...,1$, ol:o>en'Rllon I>o!! '. "ir ""''''''"l1d_, (Air IIc~,l<I""rt'·,.,. ",,01 .\,r G..... COIIll:tftl area ,,·.te m.de. Th~ count of Allied
er,,1 IIclIllfjuRrh''''') w,,~ 1101 de.rl)· llr·lIw". 1>", • 1'1.t1~ ,.. hi"h III nIck Jill'''''''''' 1''1-'''I~ 1I'l"1" 11t~",
STAFF ORGANIZATION, JAPANESE HOME DEFENSE ARMY gellerIl181nh'llIctlt i8 that Air G"''''rlll 11".d'lu~r. Ii,.,,,
u h~,,<, f,"' ""i,,,nl... of Ihe 111""I~'r of l,l.n~
leTS look "",.,. Ihe "petlllion"l ('O''''''.lId ill II ... in ICIl,"1 ol'e""il"'. The J.p.,........ <'<""id."",1
Honwland wllile ,\ir H"."I(I".rteTS rt'l.illl~1 CUll. Ih..", ....li'II"I'-"'I '0 boo OOtrel1- "ilbin :lilt 1>1',.,..111.
COMMANDING tro/ of !illl'I,lr alld t ... inillj{. O"er;;rl~ (olll", d Air 1('('1""..al illlelli,,"'n obI.ill.d f"'~n .n.l.
of lhe air foru;.; Wb tl"I.ined b.l' Ihe no ...... ~·.i, of c...,I....1 &ll'<'rafl b~' II rmr .ir ",,:Imical
GENERAL
The >;tIff of Air Gene... l " ... dqual'le", or"..". depart.lltlllat TKhib.... ( b"'h ..... Qnd~t Air
ize.:1 into four .,,'"-:1ion.; ol'eralion~ "·M.lh..r. H... dquan~tI) by ci.-ilil" tnanufact"tU'P, and
I .dministration. and inlelli!!,,~. 11N:' im..lli. ....
from "n..oo~ ClIplnrfd dontllWtl,_ ."d ""1"""'"
from fvnoir.. di ..I,,"'...... T't'pre.;enuu.... Trini
ICHIEf OF SUFf I ~ _ion eoru<i.<lPd of • lilMl~n'''1 rol......1 ._
chid. troo, 4 10 7 allached olli«"", ....·tral S"Co.
."d • nunJl... r of d ..ilia" c1.rks. h. pri"",ipal
cal inf II011 ..... """"'it!--rfd poor. d... 10 b".k
of ~ .1IotI f.illln' III ~I f"'<1lHl,. tbe in-
f_liOl, .bi<'h ...... obtainabIP_ In .ddllioel ~
"""rep;; of illf....nuulOlI ....n' intelli~ "'I"'rt~
I fro", Ihe 2nd J)i .. ii<iol1 of lhe G..ntnl l-talJ .'Hl u.. ''''0 prin..,:,· f"lIl'Iion.. d- &boTe. IIw
I~t .'"'«1:;"" of tllP .\.Ir c;...~nlllfedquan~""lIndP.
I I I I rel'0n~ f...,,,,
Ihe lo.... r .ir ..,h.. IOII~ undu it.
IIp.rali....... k~1'1 Ii]p,. 011 tna'l"n.1 ~I'PII.d h..· the
openiiOllai ronlrol. In .dd;tion. n r'~ .Itd of
Ihe )'Ca... _1)(>(i.1 ~nn.i_noe ,,,,il lIllrh..d inlelli"",lll'P di ..i"on or lhe ~nl t'1.1t .nd I" .
OPERATIONS INTELLIGENCE ADMINISTRATION COMMUNICATIONS
..r air ('('h.. I",,. ,"d ....._ prt'parfd 10 .d..i.. I....
diTl"l',h' 10 Air r",lI~rtll H~.dqullrt.."" hllllh.. "'at
(Maja,1 Cflmlll.n,h"iI "... n~ ...1 of .\It Gen..ral lleadq".r.
tLt Colon.l) (Molo,) (Mala' )
1"IIdeolt before lhi, 8rtllCh~d IInit beg." 10 f"nction
,..'" on ;nl.. lliM",...., "'&lie.... It ...u tl~ 0pUllon
prOI'.!dy. '/\'(']111;"81 intelligence rel'0rH fr.om .\ir
of o"i '" con"""I",1 ,,'ith oir imelli"...nee Ih.. il
HClld'ltllll'le'" were f"rlli~hed di""'l '(I A,r G..Il.
..""l'<'i 1 littl6 i"lIu..,...., 01' J.p.n_ pl.nning.
e,·.1 H"adq"81'IC~. ,\ simplifi..d chorl ,howil1l.1
Ue"orh pl"PINlr.d "·.re limiled io 1«1.1'''. •\it Or.
Ihe flow of "ir intelli~ctloe 10 the illl.. lIi!-~·"ce-:.
I d..t of batll~ "'Ii"tol"" ".• ~ upl d.,I~· .ml fur.
tioll of ,\ ir G..nc....1 II"a<lqllll""rs folio.... 011 nUl
ni_I~1 .h. t(oI"'".nding ~~ral of .\ir Get... ral
AIR ORDER NAVAL ORDER ANALYSIS GROUND ORDER 11...dqu.rt..... for bi_ ...PPkly _ti~ of 11.. Gen.
page.. , ".,.
(2) .Ii,. F(}~ IJeadqwuter. luJ'<1"""" ,ty.
OF BATTLE Of BATTLE SECTION OF BATTLE ~ral .It E-tin>ales., bo.....8 . "'~CP "'" """1 d"
t I Dff,cu' I I Offic.,) (IOfle-J II OIlica11 .\$ poilllcd ""I al",'·e. nlQ,.\ ofl~ illl.. lh~"" ...... "-ork
""'-" (0 ~kl """ nUs.. bbl ..... f, "...... ""'1 111
for l>oIh ground .nd .ir fof"Ctllll 'Il'&!l dIP ~I)()'''''_ Io'll'fl" f'Cbp1on$ part of Gtooeral :1Oult CPfoon....
hili.,· of lhe 2nd J)i"~ion of tbt> 0."..... 1:1O"It. 1,.11 TfclInieal n'l"'tt_ ~ I'reop.red at i~'Ub.t in·
lhe ~i. fo,,", .... ~ I,rilll.ril~· ..... I>oo>;ib~ fOf" 1:,,"0 Il",.,..b and di"lrlOOIM by _\ir H. . . . ."..... In
nJanel'S; ai.. ordu of '-tlle.nd aIr l.fclIn"""lllI. .ddiu..... the inl~llil."ft"-'P -:rioon of .\ir Gtooeral
lelligPlloe. TIIP I'rinci.pal ~ta'" of ",fom'at"'"
WEAHI£1l
TERRAIN
INTELLIG£NCE
."
SECTION
lI:!!Pd in e<tilll&lll1~ .\111fo(1 .'r ord".. of '-lIl~ ...~~
HM.dquan.........parfd aad di9:ribuud CPI'O"--
ro.-..ring .tltII)~• • irl..-t;",.nd fonn"Ia,,,,, dl"lt"ln....
II Off,c.,) leri.1 ~nn.i_nno (boxh ...i..,.1 a1ul p!lO(o- to/" IIlftling thecn. _
II Of/,ud II Officer'
~"'llhic) •• n.I)";:j. of .\IliM SUI'p1)' "'OO"Pllltnl.•• (3) .lit.~"";'.(lliJr(}l/mo). n....lr.rnlJ- ....'
pl.ne mllrkjn~." rt'llOneol! b,· ~81)&n_ rotn'-t the hi~h.... t liol"ld .ir uni,. Prior 10 .Jlp .-rp.lll_
l'llot.i, rotllll"IIIi"'liotls im"rrelll",n. Wl.~"H!'" of ~Iir>ll of th...,r f(~ in .he 'ImDfr of 19-1~'n &lr
llOl AtltllTltlN Ttl TH£ 01'FIC£RS SHOIIIN ON THE CH-.RT. THEIIl WEllE 50,.[ 20
OF"CERS AND e EOI~ISl(D MEN IN THE INT(~~IGENCE SEC liON FOR RE-'SSIGNMENT AS
war. c"p,urt!<l <lnc"'''C''B. ""d a~,al~"" <>f lh.. on",' ,,-s_, ,"ochtd I<J ~"C"- .re•• nll:" (IP'ound)
R[OUIRED I number ""II (,....I".. ne.'· of ,\ Hied sll'lk,... Of Ih ....... ."n;id~ (I( ,'""'" Ind to Ih~ ",,~.l1td rldel .......

RESTRICTED II
IlESTRlcrEO JAP INTEL
J.... P INTEL
anni"" in the HomelRn<l, ,\fler April 1!)4I;, the (4) Air J)iv;~io" (fliko~Mdan). The air divi_
sion was the next echelon below Ihe air army ~t ,,·"~th or t be i"t,'J]iW"I'e !leet j() .
org>'tliZlllioll rel1laiu<'l1 the Iml1le o,-e~as, bnt the nlly 1·'JIl~i.'tl'" "r f""Il:l t" G fl" Il "Nnl"l, butllilu_
(Ch"rt :I). It receiwd general strategic policy IMr~. dire-:li"" ..,,<I .Ititu<ll' <If .uad: IMI .....
air Rrm~' WaS abolished ill the Homeland, ,md the "r ""Ii~h'd ""',, I"'a,hl h. " K1'.rll n,,,' n ""mber
from "bo"c and issued the specific OI~lers 'H"'-'eS' tlr..,·.,,1, tIIdio d,.""l']" ror thl' o.v, f1e.., :IMI ......
nir di"bions there reported dire<:~ to Air Gener"l
sur)' for cnrrying out this polic)·. ~106t of the
,,,1,,,,,·1. 'n", dmie, f )).n ma,lor 'II' 1t"!lIr"."t nbl~ IIlformulO" """""rni"ll' "'MtMr d..
Ilead'lu"rten; which WaS dil'('Ctly tinder the Gen· dud,'lI '''''illt""n,,"e:r at ~:" "Jtdl'/!"".(1', !II"'li"" ill· I~".'t"'" ."d "l'll(O.ili"" t" be u~ftMoIJll Tbt
..ntl Stalf (Chart 2). The duti"" of the "ir army operational planning was donc ,tt, this level. Op· . . r "oOm "'It , e"""ll" a-
I!""" ""I}' I!O "'"ch "r th~ infor
eration,,1 o,~lers from the air di,'ision set Ul} cl,ch "t""!llJllI "'''Il». t!""~'1 " ' ' ' 'nil,
, ' ~~II"'1\ , SItUftt'lln
. ' . ,r "1"a.<lI"O" I".<ler
we',,- alm",,1. entiN'I~' adllIinisln,ti"e nnd itil ~tn!l
was smnll. Its principal intelligence fuuetion wns mission and ]IT%Crihed Ihe resultll to he aCt;om· ',~~~'P,~ . . t P"·p"r,·([ ""'ti",nte, or o"le,· "f b.&ttle n~.t>"" ns he thought ""'....-ry 1(, Ihe pilolll • ...i
~!~'"l Its '1l'C." or oper,,1 io"s. usillll" data !;(lilt lO it ",r e~'''l1 ,,'ho "'o"ltl t1)" the ",;"'iou. Photo-
the consolidation of ",-ports from lower n"it.s and plished, but Ihe details were left to the next lower
b., u, M'b"",['''at,. ,,,,he),,,,, "~,' Il'r,,!,llle "'l".dl'''''s wen: "rle" .Iucllol'd 10 th<l.ir
echelon. the air re~iment. The nil' di"isiot\ staff """.t", ,,( """"')"
transmission of th_ to the Gener,,1 Staff through . t . "
'" ,·"tlO'l- 11",.". l·""lpil..,! Htn J(J,'. , tell'll".ellt .nd th_ had their " ...·n f."ilit;'" fo d
""'''I'''.'/;! ",,<I l,.illli"lI'. 1I",,·.."el'.... 1""tll"''''H!~
ehannels. It a100 sen'cd as " channel through waS fixed by tahles of organizalion issue<.l b)' the IMtl t 'I' ~ , a ' . ' a ' " ~IIt
. .' '." ~ )." I"'",hl\lll"(",-,. ""<I t" I:,\\""r ""it
"'hich informnl.ion from Ihe Geuer,,1 Sh,ff [IIlSSctI Ge'lI'",1 Staff. It ootlsistcd of three S<'Ctions: 01'-
I he tnh'U'II""e.. r",,"i,h,.,[ Lo,. ,',' . ".. ,. "I,tlt·].l""·"I"'·'el", ~ ~--'
"'I"'re • ...,ilaLoI,. ,,' "~"""]/-""'"
(0 lower units. er"tions, intclligencll "nd administration. The II I ' ' -' n,,· , "'''''m 1"
I ' ....
._0'

tn l 'e "'r dl\']~'o" ."d ''''',;e(lue''tl}' "" I'hOlo in-

~e ,OW"'· ""11" ind",I",1 t"'"lI<'I i"f""",nti"" "',.
e'nl'''''"lma,}~ f1aH"- " • t"l·ln·N.I"", ''CIIl,n~ "'en: ia,ue.1 bJ the .ir '.
FLOW OF INTELLIGENCE TO ARMY AIR TOP COMMA NO . ""t '"'' lIlal"'. ""d such ph"lo. "'ent. "'W
lIl'nph, n~ we'... """I. Il"h"" t""i",·<1 ph"lo ;Ilt"r.
(6) SqUall,.."", (Cllu'ui). ·n,. J.I'.ne.... squ.d.
I"..,tel"ll we", n"""ahle;n the th"ater lh..,. were t_
t"elJ~<I to thi,. ''''1"·1",,. '1'10" air tli"i,i"" "-II~~h' '"On .",r,·e"po"ded do-el)· to lhe !l'JuadJ'(H] in the
I EMPEROR I hlld ,tS own ~1l"I]' WHlli.,/! "y.-h'II,. i"eh"l;n¥ ]";.
,I,,,.. ","I oft,.." " ~'''1t1l "'-'Cli"" fo,' tnonit"rin¥
".I
U. t'l.• ,r force!<. It eomrolle.1 a ~I'ecific ""'''ber
[JIm".... Ih~ ",""'ber "Al"~'ill!" Itl"',mli,,1I' t" '''''_
".Oll and 1~·I>e. n'e .UtllOri7.<'d ,tl-r"gth ,..ried AI
I I N''''''y' ")""'al"'"nl ,,,mnlltnicttti,,,.,.
.(b) Air /(,-yi,,"',,: (1l;~·<JM'l1ui). The air ,..,gi-
Jtlf",,,nt lun.".. At th~ be!!iu"ill!!" ur the 'Ur l~
I
GENERAL STAFF

2 nd DtVtStON
..,
I

MINISTRY
"" "t.'"()'·"·~I"""led It, mn".'" way~ I" the I!rOllp in
tl,,' , . S. nil' f",..",.. IIltho"lIh it ".,e,~i""d ,"0"'" "f
th" pl"""i"l! ru,,(·tion~ perfor",...1 Itt our winl!
1(',','1. It """,;,',,1 "p'-'nlti"",,1 <>rd,"'" r"'Ill Ih" .i'r
!li"i,i"" all,j it> l','imlll")' ""I.'" \\a, ""rr)'illll Ilj(''''
H~h!et!! or 9 bo,ullet!! w~n: authorized"" inili.l
'''l";pllll'lIt f"r a Ilq""d",,,. He.-:u"nai",..."re ."d
ph"t" "'l"adron, were .ulhorized from 3 10 0
p!llne><...\lthuu,l.'i, n<l -pecial intelJigenee ollker
was ".""'~"",I "t !l'J"adron 11"'''1. intelli~",nee dutle!
'WI"\' 1,,·,.f""'ue<.1 by." oftiCf'r. "flell Il tI\"Cr. dt'Si~­
( Inlett~eneal I (JUt. 11"\\,,.,""-"' ,III' dplaihl "1"",,,ti,,,,,,ll'lallnilll!'
~\lch ,'~ ~ph,t"'" "f l>c"JJI.. n"d ho'"b f",.j" .. ".._
,:"1,,,-1 Lo." th" "'1".,1"", co""na"dtr. H~ k.pt th"
file-. h~)H ..d after I"\'producti,,". l1'("('i,'",1 repon,
." ),,,,t iOll (Jr a i,,, ill/! poim. "n<l .peeific "Plll...,ltct,"'wn_
often ,t.. "l"IIO,,~ihilil.1'. The ",,,ff wn~ ~mnll. __d.
f'..,m 1)]lot~ an,] a,r crel\-~ ...ho had an'·,hin,; tv
'""por, "nd .a... t" it thll' '11l,li"",,( ellen;\" tlleti"".
HEADOUARTERS
AREA AR~Y ,I",,, ",,",i~ti"l! "r """'e thall r, ,,,. G"Ain''''' ill nil plane ......."-,~"iti"n ""d "'l"il,ment pe,ionna'ltt
~o intellig"llt", oAk",· WIl' eltU"d f",.I,,· II;" I<lLoI"; w.ere ~,'~i~able to pilots. Tlli" ollker generally'
OVERSEAS I or o,·/-..."i7.IItioll al Ill<' beginlli"l1 of Ihe war. but
AIR GENERAL HOO. ,hd no br,efi"f( .~ thi, w"" u~u"lh' ,lone bv the
tit",.., is ~o"". ",'id",.,.,' that nft"r the N.'.>r/-",niy,a. ~llladron """,,,,,,wier. So ".,·"ell'~lie imel'~"'_
A. TECHNICAL
tNTELLIGENCE '''''' or tl"'llir rOrt""'! in ,\pril IWi) a" intelJill"n("<' t"", of piluts and Ilir ere,,'. "'as anempt"d ful-
OPERATtONS
SECTION "Ai,..,,' \1'''' ,,-.,i~lW,1 to the ait' ,",,/!ime"lS dtfendiul! lo,,-i,,~ • mi.-.,ioll hut all" '"an "-I,,, had "',,,e-
OVERSEAS -------------- tI,,, Hon,dltud. ""h",.,, u" 'l"",i,,1 illlellig"ut'e ,,/!i. thi,,/! 1(1 ''''llOn "'ItS UI>ecled to d" ,.,. eilhe, to
AtR ARIllIES tSI SECTION t ("t',· W,t~ ("ltlll~l fm', Itll "Alcer I\'It~ ,lc_i/-"Tl",e<.l for
i"telli!!"eu,~ duties. Sillt'" it~ ,hltie, were ehi"II\'
llot ".m",nllder or to the "ffieer perronning i".
l"n'ge""" dm ie-. .\1 i-""ioll repot1~ "",'tetl by "'I,,"d.
A. (InteIlIQence) ;II th" fid<l or 0l"'r,,' i"", the illtdl igcu,... r"UCt i",;.

OPERATIONAL
f--I we,,, ",i"",., So rellOr," (l)'ilo!iu"le<l al Ihi" IH"1.
ll"w<'l"e,'. the "P""II1;011al a,,,l in(e1li~"'IIl"<' '"C]JOIH
"",,- ......... "'"all~' 'I"ite """'I,lele. fuol'ort f"rms
were jll"f"'Criboffi .1 ei, h.. r Ili I' !'(lei"'e", .... air di ..i-
.io" 1.,-e1 and can..d r"r _'ICh dal.~. IlOll' or take_
HOMELAND AIR ARMIESl of the "Iu",lt...,ns we,... l'Ol,;;(,li,lal...1 and ""lit for·
AtR UNtTS olr a"d I."di,,~. ~'R,.-,1in... l>om,",. and am",unition
wnrd 10 higl,,,,, l"',,d'lu""I"'''' ,,,,,Ilht "ir "'l!im"llI ""rri",1 "",I ul'ellll"I, lIIu. ,,( .1l.C~. I'l'"'uit. or
OPERATIONAL AIR UNtTS WIl' '''''''Illmsibl" for <li~'",iu"lim, to "lll"drou~ of auack. Ulw,"al 'i~htin~ opl',o;;ili"" en<'(Junt .."",I,
rr'I,,-,,'t, ",'lit do,,"" f""n hill)"''' Iwndq""t'tel"- If "~ma~.., I" l,l.n"". e".my 1,1."..,. tl~1 r(lved Or <i" 11I-
lALTHOUGH TH1S CHART SHOWS THE TECHN'CAL 'NTELLIGENCE SECT'ON UNDER A'R
tl,e j;tl,,,"h,,n~ we,,· lo.-,all,,-l d"".· ""o""h. 'ni..., ;"" ,,~,,-~I. ete. 'Il"s \\"ntl .." ....pon "'a~ m~de for ea,.h
HEADOUARTERS TO BE SEPARATE FROM THE F'RST SEC"ON UNDER A'R GENERAL HEAD-
hri"H"1f of 1<1".. d"", ...",,,n.,,,I,,,,, "'a, <lone lIt Ihe pl."e a, -,,, Il, 1__"],le .fter lI'e ",1""io". '-ery
OUARTERS, THE SAME MAN WAS CHIEF OF 80TH SECTIONS AND THE SAME STAFF
HANDlfD THE DUTIES OF BOTH,1 "i,' ""lIin,,·,,1 I"',,d'l''''''«''''. Ilt'i"li,,~ """i~",,-I of !,ri.. r "I"""ti"", "-'1""1_ w""" ",ade b~' <Ii-patch
d,·~ig""tio" of lhe 1'''''1''''''' of tI,e ",i".io", th~ u"",...Ii.lely· atl"r e.ch ntis.;ion.
CHART JZlI[
RESTlUCTED
I' " RESTilICTED
 JAP INTEL
RESTRJcrID j .... P INTEL

JAPANESE NAVY HIGH COMMAND ORGANIZATION

IV. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE
I. Sllmm"~J
•.•\Ith""ch ,·irtu.lly.1I of th.. ,·.nOIl" .~l_l>
.\ ,ingle _1,,1f ..,...·ed lOS headq"arh·no IWl">j01Il'd
for both Combirtl'll :-;a"a' FOI"l:Il .nd Combin..d
rEMPEROR

Fk...l. Hud,!,,"ne"" vf Co",bi"... 1 ~".·.I Fo~

of intelhf.'I'lM". a~ w" Ilu"k of It. w.. r.. ret"f.'flized
\l.~ orguniretl illlv 10 d"l",n",ent", intE"di"/!:: r I)
I
b} lhe J.p.n.......nd <l.""lolJe<llo nr}''''~ ,I~l.t""""
t_"" " ..~II~ihl ..-I. ' .... ~in~l~ orf.. .niulion "-., ,,><'{ _urf."" "per.<tions. (:!J air "lwl"lIli.. ,,~ (3) illlel· I
01' 10 d •• nn,,1 i"f"rulIIllOfl Ihrou~oilOUt nri"'b
(UIlun.ntl lev.. ls. :-;0 '-elII"r ...... ",,1.l>Ikhed to
ligt"lot:e. r-l) CO"'I""ni,... 1iv"s. 1(;) nla inle"an,.... nd
s"I'I,I~·. (6) Sl,rf..", k.",ikaz". (i) .djullU'I. (8)
lind operalions. (91 co,,..oys. (10) sub",.rin..
jlllP(l!I/l.l H£,IOOU/l.JlTEiItS I
m.int.", lle n.nem fil of .1IIY\le"'of i",,,lli~
for lon~ I"m 1inl.l n.1 ~I.li,.tical .n.l'"l1i~ or operations. I
c. The Imdli:....,..... s.-ctions of Ih.. ~ ••·.I (:"n·
10 Ilro-.-itl.. for ""ifon" <Ii_min.lion. .
.....1 Sulf .nd Ihe ("ombin"d ~ • .-.I Fo""" <:011$11'
NAVY MIIt'STRVI
jlllavAl GENERAl sT.lr~
h. IJeannc '" mllMllh" lack of or~"'lIallion .ntl
Ih.. equ.ll~· i"'I"0.... nt ""''''ide.... I;''n Ih.1 • ".11on lUh'd Ih.. "uti.... ill1elli~""IC" vn..'lInIZllioll. in tl",
in rel .....1 . - r i l..· ..... 11".... II~ ...... of <:<>:n.in strK1 >o1'nse. in d>e J.lla"""'" X.n·. .\ hho"f.oil "'0;1
"""-'1"l'e> of I.,,~ibl.. i"f"m'.llb". i"l"llif."·"ce .1 if 11001- .11 of Ibe ,·.riOl.' ""I~'" vf illl~lh~'l"'_ I I l
X....I Ge"...... 1 ~\lI.1r 1..,,,1 ,.,,<1.10. I_r (~ree. "-en: """,,_"nixed .nd illl..rmitl..nll}· p"rfon"..<I ill
$OllM' m.nner in Sllbordin.l.. "",,,,,,.nd Ill"U.n.· a>
lsI DEPT
--- 2 ... OEPT J'o DEPT
I ... "" J
r-
II Con.b","' :-;.... 1 FOIT'l' ,,",·.. II.,.n bl' $aid 10 h..-.. ----
don.......11 in lhe I'rotllll1ion of ,ood ~klfl"Olmd • c:oroll"n' vr. ~ a..-.:urat.-h·. IS a !ietN>1I.iaM· W/l.R PlAIIS SUPPLY llIaVAl
",.t.. rial.
duty) noching e...." remot.. l}· ~mbli,,/!:.n inl.. n;. IHTElllli£NCE
l::o-UIIIIC/l.TIOfrIS

e. W.r pl.,," ("hi.. f~ t."d 0l'.. ral.om< ehiefs.1 :.""""" o~niZlli""l eJ[i.....f<1 belo... Combined ~a ...l
Force. Xo SUj>en·isioo .. ." eJ[.. ...,~1 O.·.. r sub· .---C.... ,
lc.>l,IC_
Combined X.,.I F _ Ieql).•hhou¢l handi-
capped by Ih.. d,.net ..rl.li(" J.p"'l"lloe o'·U-flIl· ordin.1e unils nor .. as illt"Ili~... l1t."lP: perilODllel a IUe-
pha,;i$ on operal ion._.1 I h.. up.."."'" of I'rel_ ration_ ;;eleded for lhem.
d. _\1 Fifl:t 1e,·.. 1 (bofh "'Ilrfa<:<>: .nd airl ;nl.. lh·
"'ere .ble IO.nl;"il_l.. ",''',,,,,. mo....n...... ls ilh I'M-
I!OIUIbI.. ~ ..... ~.. T ' - llTl"didiOTl:ll re '-lied ~oel"lC'e "'as .ddilion.l dUl}' ..... ,l,.. . ,ell 1(. lh" com·
I
on • common !!efl9O' H.lu.tion of lact it:al C'OI\tid.. ra· nmnications offio:er l"eISl'0""ihl.. onl}' 10 the oom·
",."ding oIIiocer of his fleel and this offit:".r simpl}'
I I I
tion!!: ,h.. J.p""- __..umf<l Ih.L had full in. 518 SECTlOII 618 SECTlOIll 7", SECTlO..
oor....l.l.,.) .,·.il.ble infvn".lion for th.. imme<.li·
form.tion of lheir"'retl~.,h.nd kn_ from I
.1" 1I("lical 1I!1e of his comm.nder. ~TH a SOUTH I\II.ERICI, USSR.GER.AIIIY,
tactit:al. S'-rategi(" ."d ~'OOpIph;"'1 lundpoinl.
US TERRITORIES EUROPE,IN
.nd tbet! gtIe5Wd ,,·h.t n..... '~ ..... "'Oldd m.ke 00

."".
3. Pn"sQnnc/alltl Trait/illg a fRONT lINE CHlN/l. a M/l.NCHUR!A

, ,.....
CONTlIIIEIilT
the will of !roCh k,Kl ..·lf<h...... Su"h ISilUml"io"s INTElliGENCE
•. At Ihe olltl>teak of Ihe war ...ilh Ihe U. $.. ICop"C"'e' I cepl-Gb'ef
..."re sUI11lOned Lr ..b.te."r inronnation Ih.. rom· , Reo. AOm-G/>,.f,
munie-lions and inl ..lli/!"I..... d"l_nme"t "'''n: Ihere "·ere 2\J officers in Ih.· enlire 3rd D"I"'rtllM'll1
I COPI , :5 l' Como's . lo<~l
• hI" 10 8Ilpply. of Ihe Xa 1 G"n..ral Staff "lid one in tht COIl'·
hintlll X I Foret!. By sllrinJf"of HU'" II,.. 10111
2. Org,mizaJion of oII"lCt!l"S bad been illCre.st~1 10 I),.
of whorn H
a. Organiulion of th.. "~Ilan""" XI.f! o.·cr.n we .....S!!igned 10 Ih" 51h ~,ion (,\",~ri".n i"I"I· 8t8 SECTION
commlnd!!. illdudinj! d"llartmCrllS IInd..rthe ~a,·.1 ligelll"l') of Ihe Cenlnrl inl~lIi~~IK"" dCl'arllllPnl. ENG~ANO.
General Siaff and ~lIbd;'·i.ionB wi' hi" Ihe lnlclti. and 4 to ll,.. ("o",LinNl :-;~"al Foret'. Th" infrt'll-'ll' INOO·CHINI.
~"\!nee Dep&l1l1l~ll1. i. ,h"wn w' Ihe following I'"g" "·as "Hille p••~ihle b." Ihe suqllus t>f nn".1 officerf. AUSTRII-IA, I--
(Chart 9). res"hi,,/!: from d,p dec,~n~ in Ihe nl1mbt>,. of /!l'f/ EAST INDIES
b. Diredl..· belm" lhe ~anl Gen..ral Stllf \l'U uniu &f106t. It occun...d lot) lilt" to be of IlI'n"fil. I COPI'Ctoa/
III como.
Ih" Combined l'a'·al Fort:... the hiJfbPSl admin- hO"''''·''f. The depl"'Iment Willi St'rio,,~h- H"lIt r·
iSlrati.." and lut:tical cUlIllllllnd. which indnded ma""ed throughoul' the Wal' period, w~s bart ly
Ihe Combined Fl,'el ("II luetical IInit& l>oth sur· ahle to Iwrforlll thp minilllllm funcI,ions IlSllil,"'l't1 CHART 11:
f"e.. Ilnd "ir). n.,·al dislricta &nd ~"ard districts. 10 it. and fOl,ld lnkp on 1\"''''
of the oth"'r [mlclio"!

"
"
 RESTRICTED JAP INTEL
JAP 1NTEL
of which il had co/!niznnc~ "nd which tire l,,}l\~id­ (l) ~"lIIe '1"-'I'inlize,1 11'"in;n/! W'IS offel"(~1 ill
en~d bn~;e inlelli!!f',,<:tl dUlit'><, (Wit hi" Ihl' ;\1'd
IHI'~ "1 lI",m Ihe I a~k of "O'IlI,i lil1': ,Ill in f"""1II1 iVll
c",·ta ill net i"it ie, ,,,1"1 ill).! 1o im,· \lig"lIc'C :
(,,) I" c"l"nllll\;c"ti(",~. '''''''nli,,1 I..el",i""l ill.
to War Plans, Slimming up the enemy 9il...tioo
were .furnish,-d weekly by lhe 3nl Deparlme,,: ,.~o~ ~el~1 did not """"charge of ;II'.U" r'"
carl)' m l he war, but became less frequenl. y'Ueli m subordinate OOfIll1llln.... and did till-
"I~>I'I ~il' lIll>lsof Ihe I-.~. ""d 11I";lnin, t,'-'hnka1. '1I'IIe·tion Wa~ ~i\"l'" III Ihe 1'>,,,'''' eotlln'\1nic"tillll~
(2) Photo. intellilr"nce and fI.k iutl'lligence "em;nate ita eIlIimale!l either to .. bordinat. ....
~lnli~I;C"1. "",I ord('1' of rn,III(·. ,,"ll~ II", dill." of "",1"'01 at YokO:;lIk".
"'ern not cOlls,dered funclion~ of lhe 3rd nepart.- Or W lIIe N .r Gene.... 1 Stall'. Inf~ &ad
"IIle Ill''''.) (Il) The el)lI""l1l1i""t;oll_ ;I(·j"a>1 at Yokosllka eetimates ..1' tl8td llOlel,. by Ihe Comlllllt.....m-
b. No '"'t;"'~Ie. is lx-ibh· of Ihe IOlllll\IIll1.b<"· of "1",, Ill'",llIe'<ld a IlCl'l.'O"nel 1,.I"l't'O,[II("1 kllown as lIlent and 110 direction "ha!iloe"er "as exercised
Chief "1(1 fomu,lau, policy and i1llll1e lhe n~
offi~r;; iH lhe Jalmn,.,... ~""Y in edll,lons h<'lo,," II,.. YO"'l1~hi. The.'" f,wl',ently w..,.,; IIwd as """,istants OYCr slIeh s[lOl1ldic de"eIOI'IIlent.9 as "'''re carried orders.~
Combill<~1 X"""I 1',,,,,,' who I><,rf,w"",d ;l\I~I1i­
om in o!>eration,,1 units. Intunl,lhe 3rd Depart-
10 Ihe rllmll,""icnli"", oflie',·,· 0" "the,' "flieer who
ment dId, 1I0t rocei"e infoMnalion de"eloped on
c. /1ltelligen« ot ..l ir IleaJvuarte",. -'"lIt'y J/i".
~e" .... or relnl,·,1 dlllil'~. ~inN' 11"";,, "",,"'"ptioH of wa, d...~;gl"'h·d 10 jll,"<1I,· i"lellil-l','»ee !1I,,!t"I'E ill Mtry;. oonsisted (If t<'<:hni ...1 intell~nce de..elop-
lhe work w"s at 11", <l;'W'I;OH of lhe \111;1 ("<'H,_ thCl;(! subjects except, i"lermil1ently through oon_
'1I1">nlill"le "olllll"""l~. I~>th ,"..r"e·" "nd air. tact with war plans. n~e~lll and a brief 1'r<>j!T"'r1 (If Il1lini"ll" ill .....-..g_
"""Hler ,,,,,I,,"as ill ndd;li"" 10 11"'1"'illlnl"y dUli.." Y"",",),; ''''1"(' lhow ,tmlellts whll h",1 lx~'11
(3) DisscmiuatiOll of such intdli,.,-,>ce infom,a.
lUt'Oll (wrlducted {or (lnly • year) in .... ich 40
b~' which lhey we", lisled in lhe t:d,ie of vr1,("lIiza- dl"I'I"·.1 fl''''" ("<>II" \I"lil,ill!! hee'''lf;<' "r III .. k of in· ellli.ted mcn "nd ~I~ o16'...... ..:...h recci"~1 aboul
lion. tion as was cousi,le,..,d I>eMiueut to f100t uuilll ">15
l"l'cst 01' 1IJ>lit'l(le but had Leen gil'en sliflicient 2 hou,"" tnining. .\1 Ihe condusion of lhe <"OIl"'"
made by Ihe 31'd Department. The nature of lhe in 1943. 2 boob ,,'ere .-n,bled comaining ~il,
e. i)el/lClion f>f inlelli~"'''re 1)('1'Son"el in dll' top U·lIillin:.:" ill "dlllilli,I,·"ti,," til halldh· detl.il5 ,,,,d i"fol'matio" de"cl0l'ed. howe"er WaS such II>"t
coll",,~ud le,'el W"S '''ade. where I",s,;ihle. On Ihe houettes IIn,1 data 011 Jal'atle.,e a",1 AU;~1 shil'll
l'''Iw.r wo,·k, The.,' '·e<.,'i"e,,1 no inlellig"""r I,'"in_ little o( it was Qf ,·..hm to unilS ~lher lhan thOlltl and aircrnft- obt.. in"d lIla",l}" from lIoncbS8i6ed
basis of I""ficil'nc~' in h"'l-""'J!rs "nd l'''pl'l"ie"ce ill/! alltl we'.., "<>1 hi~hl." ,-.;g,,,·<II·d hr Ihe .!nl'a- e~g.'ged in top IHel plallning. ,h such, the Com.
nbl"Olld. III url"ulp ....elice. "met,,· "&-i,t,,,,ts Wen' nrill' "a",11 ollie",":,! illl"'T<>;!"tC~1. U, S. jlublicali"ns obtailled in nell!l'lll ooulllr;es:
bmed Nayal Force, thrl)ugh its illlelligenc-e ,,1IiCt'r .5000 ool'ies of each book "ere I'r;IIted .",1 oli..
frequenlly "",<i~ned be<.·.. II<:e of un """I'n~d pref- ("J l'lwto illle'"lll'Clntioll In,i,,injt W"S j!i,'"" (who Was aloo chief of the oon"nunicationll see_ trihulet! t"lower echelolls.
erence fo,' thaI lype of dllt)' or be<.'''II,;(> Ihl'y h"d 10" s"",]] !!1"<>111> o( ofli"ers (:l() 1",,1 eompleled the tion), recei"ed genernl infMmation {rolll the 3Td d, S'W11110ry of PuneN""". XO"'bere ''''''''1(
been rej«1l,,1 for' n.,...1 duty due 10 .. physical dis- eol1l'Se at tl,e en,[ of the wllr), bill "01 to geller,,1 DepaMment at i1'l'c~'III",. illle",·als. Urgeut in. lhe WI' le"el wn'm"'l(!.s (,"d <:I'Mai"ly nO! ill
"hilil)'. (The Jli ad<litilllllli office!'!' lI;;;li~.,wd to il1telJige,we ollieers. (ormation to Co",bined Na"al F(lrce and fleels was ijuboTdinate comm.nds) 'u" tl,ere " cellini
lhe "Ih &'Cl iOll in 19,1" wen' I>(·wl), !!,."duntc,,1 fl"oll. (tl) ~o trai"i,,!! ill llak ,,,"tlysi,, ''l'l'"~"il;",,. '>1' -'Ct,t by 1'8di(l in the name of the Chief of Slnff ngen~' for the oolleclion of all illteliitrenCt'. bOIh
Ihe X",..,I ,\e.. de",y. lln"in~ no ""I)Cl'i"lIee 01' t<'I'hllie,,1 intdlig"nee w"~gi"ell in I'l"cp"""lion for nud was usuaU)" ori~,..inated br the War Plans operati(ln,,1 and background, Withollt /llId, a
Il'llini"J!. howHer, tJ.e~' "en' 0,...·(111 0111.,' ;n pl'e- illl ..lli)wne<.> WOl'k, Dep"'1menl. 1'001. slltistital rt'lll'areh and lIIudy for the i'''C]'''-
l'"rinJ! SUlIlllla,'i('S [,,,se<1 ,," I'. S. [,1'0,,,1(',,,1~ :<1111 b. Intelligence Seeti" ... Combined Na..al Porce of deri"i"g lessons from enem\" uctic;;,. ",.., of
iH :< stati,ti,',,1 c"l'"cit.". The "ali" "f '"<!)!II1,"' 4. PlmetiOJl! (I) A Ithough II 5Jella,."te >;eetion WaS set up for equiplllelll. 01101 """"""'ending ';"'nlcr "'''''',!'"'''''
offiCt','f' 10 n'5<'rn'S Wll.'l "],0111 1 til :l.ti in the :\nl n. 3rd 1Jeplld",'''1 ,\""',,1 (,'n" ,," Siaff intelligence, thc ('ommunic"tions officer w..s head ""as impossible. L'"lIi{or", di_mination was
Delli< M mem. ) (I) The l".ill"il",1 f""etioll of IIIl' :\I"d Dell''''l' o{ both ~Iions "nd ~ci"ed no I)I!iCt'r assislllnB equall}" hopelesl!. Whether either could hl,.e been
(1) In ~nl.>or<1inal<' co",n,a,"!.", Ihe "flie"1" ,'('_ ",e," (illtelJij:....ne'·) w"s to sUI'I'I.,' i"r"r'H"tiolllo in intelligence IIntil February 1944. Commander acwmplished b.'" such .n agency with(lll! .8Up-
,pollsible fo,' l",rfOl"lllin/! illtellil-"C'K'I' d"li,', "'a~ lhe hI /)"I""·tll",,,t (w'lI·pl"",). This.I"I-'I'II"'r Nakajima, who -'Cr"cd in that dn,,1 capacily {rom poMill~ org""izali"n eXlendinj;!" 10 the 10'll"er
!-,"i"en this additiol'al dill." lit the discl"elion o( lhe Wilh to'"'Jlllllicati"I'S intl'lIig"",~· (ft."," Ihe 4th KO"clllLer 194:1 I1l1til the elld of the War. said his echelolls is I'roblemlllic,,1. Xo elroM ..as m.de ill
wmll""lIlinj! olft"",· of th(· UU;t_ ,h has been Dep"'1I1wol) "",I i"f",·",,,t.io,, as t" Ihe I"dieal prineipnl dnty was "10 ",ake e;;tilll.. te;; (If Amer_ this direction and the con~pt ...s nO! held.
5lated. thl' ,,,,mlllllllieati,,"s ollie,.t· "'as 115"ally sillllnill" (fmlll f1"'1 unil.,). fOI'II",d Ih"IJ""is f,,,' ican 01' (lther Allied forces aud to mnke deductions
J!i"en lhe l,,_k, I,ll! nOI th(· tille. OJlIJIIlIlIlieati"H5 eSt;II'al''!! as 1<> ell""'.'" ,'upahililies ,,,"l f"t""e in· On their ",o,·emeIllS." His sources were the 'Utll_ S. Sou..cu of l"fOl'm..,io" A" ...I.,ble to tbe 3d
"flkt,t8 wHe said b~' C"l'tai" 110 of the ,lal'''"e.~ tellli"lIs. (o"""llal,~1 hy lIa' IV,,,' 1'1"lls \)(·I'al·t· Illar.r reeei"ed from the ~a"al General Stall", which Dep.,rfme..t
Xa")' I'cI'Wlinel Di"i"ion 10 ha"e l}('('u ;I('ll'Cleti lIlen!. Th,· [lIIdli;,'Cn,'" \)el""'I",ent, did IlIJt 1'»1"- he described as "f.... glllentar)" and "1'1')' ~'.,mcral'·: a. C",,,,nVf\'CdI;on,, ;"'t:II;ge~ ..."'" in ~neral.
fvr their al'titllde ill intellig,.nce "'''tIPrS. I'I'o"id- lieil~'t" in Ihell",kill~ of 1'1~"s "I' clIe",.'· 1)I'<·di,·- info....nation <Ie"el(lped b)' his own oommunicatiot\9 supplied b~' the 4lh llel>&rtmenl dil'<"'llr to War
in)! lheir to,nmunicat;olls "bility w", "",tisf"el"I·.", ti",,,, Ikll' Adlllit.,,1 Tnkeuchi. chief of lhe :,Ih seclion; ""d that gained from aeceSSlo all (lper. Plans.
d, Therc "ere no illlellil-'e",-e sch"ols opel'ated IU. ~.) &'Ctioll of tIll' ;\,,1 l)"p'll'tlllell1 th"'JIlj!b ntional ,-eporl'l frolll subordinate unil!!, ineludi"g b. (Japlurvu ~~I..... 1"\" ,,"Ill direoctl.,· 10 Ihe
[,r the JapauCiSe N.. ,,)· alld 110 'i"~i/ic eOIlI'Sl's ill neri/ll and submarine rt.'CO,m.ill';"nce ,,·hiel,. he 3rJ Dep"M"'enl and ,,'ere con"ide.....1 the nro.l
1Il0,1 of the wa,' 1>cI'i",l, "",id his Sl'Cliol1 "ue"c,' ~t·
l-'ellcrnl Or buic illtellij."ClIe'l' wel'e gil'tll in ""." snid, ~wa8 good, but there W!l.'l not enough (I{ it," aCCUMl.1e !!'t)11r<lE! of information. ahhollgl! limiled
telllpl,~ltll play tl", pu"l ,,( (on"'asl..... IV,· lIe,'er
na,.y schools. illciutlillJ! the Xa .."l .\t"de",.'·, I"" Acri,,1 reconnniSllllnee was ne"erth~lees his be:it in number.
lIllc,,,pted 10 rt'''ch e.." ,clll_ions. IJlIl w.' p"",.,,,1 in· ., Pri~o~ of reor ;nf(l"n.tiOIl "as ;;em
few illSlaneell. oflicet's ill the 31,1 D('l'a''llllelll IlllIl source in making enelll)' mO"emelll C5timales. ill
fO"llIlIti,m on 10 thof'(' whose dut," il wus 10 ,lel'l".'" which the emphasis waS 011 the imlllediale taetical directly 10 th~ 3Td o,.l"'l1menl. 11,is so""",.
r«'I'in~d fOn'i;.'n I:l,,;.~,nge 1""illiIl7 'liul "'",e h"d f""tt'S (w''''l'lalls). I ill'p,,,,,,,,-,,,,<! "'.I' SIII)(lI'dillIlICS Silliniion. Photographs rarely ,"""ched Comhined althou~h disrounl",1 b..- III of lhe Jal"'11""" inler·
b''C!l sent "brood for "tud.,', hili 'lilt wilh " ,'iew wil h this 1""(",111 I'·.·· Enelll." ;,,1<'1 lij!ellCtl "'" f",·· ro~""led. ooutribllled ,'aluable infonnatioll.1l$ ""i_
Na,'"l ~'orce, but iuformation derin,d from t.hem,
I(lWartl fillin~ thew SI~ificlll1~' ("r tl.e :'I"d De. w"rd(..1 to Ih" 1st Dep""lmcnl by a 3nl Del'a,·t· den.",1 bl" lhe fe... Jajlnnf"lP. docu,nents 1'<.'C'O'·ered
when an interprel"tion was ",,,de at a $ubordl1lnte
pllrlmell1. Xowhere did it "1'1""al' Ihal till"" "'as ment 1...·I"''SO·lItal i,'" al d" ih' "OllfC"'lIt'.S mtcl"hl in which' lht'st' imerrog.liOllS ,,'ert' j>ubli,J'.....1 a~
ullit. was reCt'il'ed b)' dispatch.
"ny """'i"l1$ de'"alld """I~ f"r I),e ;1I;ti"ti,," "f a II," 11"",,1 1j("'~ollll<'l <>111.,' ,,,,;1 1,,·,'.i,h'd ,"'('" h,· III<' (2) The intelligence section at Combined Na,·..1 ...ell as b~' lhe faCl thu fen"in dala about U. S.
special COIlt"Se in illielligtme"e 111.illing,
Chief of the 1'>a",,1 Gellel'al $olliff. \\""itlell ,"I'I",r($
21 RESTRICTED
RESTR1CfED 20
 RESTRICfED JAP INTEL
JAP INTEL
fo~. knowil to th~ Jallalle;;e. enn 00 Im~'!!d to lm'llkdi'wu of COllttllllUicntiollS ill the Inlier ~rllg"s
"OOthCI'roliret'. of Ihe wnr. j(T?UI' w"" (""I>a1"kl~1 On i 01' 3 carri,·t"lj, Ihe senior
d. 7'(('I",i('al ;,,/d(;qc/l« w"s ,I~,·el0l'..,d br the j. Sp('/'ill{ iJCr,';re t>rff(",iz"litm~ ,md #('/'C/ 80- "fllcer of .th~ ).."""p 'Ibo."rd W8S M> " .... il("ttated. In I ... ",lr "'ailable lind a l _ It""r in al(ll&lld&J

~iel;~8 wer~ of 1ll'j!lij!ible ""Ille 10 the 11""",..\". The ue~u~,1 1J1"el~I'l! Ite w!lS ~""eti"w~ ""I,I>I.<."Cd 1>)' the ,."lIieie"t '" ~"I>III~' mote than "'J....-lron leaden.
~n"nl Air Tedmical Anrel1111 under ,\i1" Hud-
Na".'· had no Ol'l!"niziltiou cotllplIt"I1blc r<> Tokul11l1 ,h ~p ~ en pI III u >1,.,,1 Inigb I "" """i"te<! by IIte Well her So i,,~tructioll' ,,·ere fli"~" I,il"", "" to diechinc
qUartN'! of Ihe ;\'a'·.I' Mini.II)' (c.hart 10).
Kiknll (AI'my Special Sel·,'il'!!) (I'UI1 VI). The ,,111<""1', l,.'.t1t l nUll">llio,," ollil"Cr •.,,,llIikoslti (l'ilOl<; 1""'Cl'<.lor~ ."" uo sun'i"al infonn-tion . . m_
e. .Ihmi/QM119 of U. S. OI,d fo-.v:igll "~tr4 61"O"l/- dud",1 itt Ih~ hriefi"ll". So air _ ~Ue 0I'jraniza.
('(J,4I. fllrni.h",,1 Ihe ~rd O,'pal·tm."'t wilh II j!rcat
e.~i,tel".e of SOGielies within II", Empil'e which ''''''llOl'I<rll.l" jrl'''Ulldl.,J It> """", in Ihe o[~"'lion.~
>Iud .lld"'inintMlti~>It ,;,f the group). Tbe bri"fil,g "')ll ~.xi,;lt'd. I'il"t, forn<! ,I"" It he.....Ild .....y n$-
mill' I""'e eonll'ilmt"t1 illfom",lion 10 the NII"y
dCliI of inforllmt;on a~ to pl'<}(l"tt it.". ,I 1"Ilj!lh nnd eu" ,1t'I>lU."l of ,Ilrf....., "l'S>Iela /""ulIlI)' «>natrutd
ll~ (0 lloe "Ifcet oil the JlII'Oll"S<' peoplc i>£ the con· con"st.~l of I""·tl;nt,o,, dllLlI, meLhod of "tlack,
Io;;...-e'<, Ool.:-<'tl Oil R c>I""f,,1 nt\!lI.I'~i~ OYeI' a IUllg t" Illl'alt orer the l",riWtt) ,,-pre on their own.
,IUt'l of lhfl wn,'. ",ilh It "i"", t"wllnl Ilt'e"culing ."",,nthe,· .nl,,1 ~'Ot11nllnlie"ti"U8. '\'·lIi)nbl" hrb'H
period.
Illforl.nllt,on lind tllr)."'t ""'ps (if IIny) ',..,re lri"en (01) Twouamplesof eIIrri~r I>riefillg in tloeJap-
""." illh,,·r,'I'ence. i~ oll"ide the OiCope of Ihis
f. Study of ""tr""'PU$ ,,,vllllOqfUille4 obl"in~1 10 pilots on the tni!lll;on. PholOgl1lplt! were unesc SlI'T Mand OUlln sharp oontl"&!t. For the
..epol"1. attack Oil Pearl J-1arl>ur, instruction of pilottl 1I"U
through ueutral COUlltries pro"ided inf'll'mlltion
whieh was tOO old to be of taetical use. hUI waS G, Results
depcndc.d UtJOll in fOMl111laling loug term ""ti- 'I, \\'ithiu tl,,~ litllil~ of Ihe ,I"p"uest! cOllCepl io" CHAIN OF COMMAND FOR JAPANESE NAVAL AIR
",otes of U. S. strenj!th. of imelligence. Ihe ttl;"";"" of the.~rd Depa"tment,
g. NlmallJ1/fII:hc. prOl'<'<! one of Ihc most, 1'1"0_ "' mel ,. t he prodllet i"n (If inlell ib",nce bnek)!rOlllld
lifie 801It"<:e8 Ilrior to Ihe war but the flow dried ,"nt('rilll,,~ di~liuct fl,,,n oper"ti"I",1 ;melli/,,.ence, EMPEROR
Ilil 81mo;;1 completelr 88 diplottlntie .....Iations WCI'e w". ,'"<'11 do,.... [n ~l'i,,' of " 1;tt";OUg Inck of l1l1111-
S1e,·ered. Attlldtf> in Sweden. Switzerlnlld. 1'01" IIQWel', the t(~lious prucess of siftiug" 111I'ollgh a
lugal. nud Sllnin ('Olltiuued 10 supply deln.l"~'d ill- IIIIlSllU( u"I\'lliled 1""tN'ittl to "ITi"e nl, II series of
formation obtained .fnl1n nflwspnpl'l"S and publi-
"miOlls from America. The aHad,,; ill Bcrlin
f'lclS 0" l><OSI J.."lt'S.;;o~~ "bout, the enemy WlIS dOll'"
with eousiderllblc SUCceSS lind al"(:urnc)". Tlw J)". IIMPERIAL HEADOUARTERSI
furnished !lOme information on Gcnnan technical ImnUH'nl wns, furlhel', yer.'" limited ill il$ accl'&'
de"elOllluents, but, "'as considered llnrelinhl". be· 10 Ihe most lallgible and Ilccurnte so",'C"s, specili_
ingo,·er.intluen{'e(l br the propllgmHl1< of Ihc (j~I"
rnnn mililariSlS "s 10 the "'e"kness of the Allied
(·"Il~' rccoullnissnn~ 1'''II01'tS, photOgl1.phs, cap-
11II'ell tlocum"n1s, ,,,,,I priwnel" of w,"', l>eclluse
I NAVY MtNISTER I
I NAVY GENERAL STAFF I
position in the West. of Ihe ltllfn"01-nble militllr,' silllation dte,· the I
h, ('(>IlIbl1/ iJlfo~malioll from fleet (sul'faoo >11,,1 initinl s"cee8'Sfl!l. P"rhalls the 1><'81 n""illlhie e,·i.
'Iir) Imil~ 11",1 l-ecollnais.<ance repol1.< (lIin:l"tdl,. denee of the suceess of Ihe ~rd l)el'"I'luwnl. is iu COMBI~EO NAVAL FORGE~
~urfn"". subm>lrine) passed by chllin of COl11l1l1tHd th" doeuulenl "Ol'j!ltuizlltion of Ihe U. S. Arm,"
to lh~ "-ar Plans Depnl1men nnd Wei..., 0111.1' in. lind ~n,')' Ai,. 1"QI'Ce8," dnt~1 Mnch 1944, cnp-
t"r('<;1 nt Sllil'lIn, of which Jl O'alls).tion WIlS [lub.
r
fte<]uentl," rollied 10 I.he 3rd o..partment.
lished in CinCl'nc-CinCI'OA Bullelin 28-45.
i. Liai$o/1 with o/ha age".cies was of minor im·
ponance 10 inlelligellce. No !'in"y illtdligeUl"(l 7. Nallal Air Forces
'"
HEADQUARTERS
OTHER
BUREAUS
AtR FLEETS

I Koi;u Kon"i)
SuRFACE
FLEETS
NAVAL
DISTRICTS
ollicer acletl in lin ollicild lilli80lI eIIpaeit.\' wiU, the a. The "i" llrlll of tim J"p'IUeBC ~11".Y WIIS 110t n (Troining ond
Army, although there was nu oceasimlal exdlllllJ.."C sel'ltt"te eul it)", but depended upon the busie Navy Procurem,nl I
of \\I'ilten informnlion. Arm\" operatiollal iulel_ chll"nels fOI' administration, Stlilpl.\" und IIlllinte. AIR FLOTILLAS
liJ..",nee. b(uh 1;",d and "ir. "'~s a"llilnhle to the n'lllCC. The ehllin or command of thlllli,' 1I1,,1 COtll- (K<:>I:u SaM oil
1\a ,.~. \I' nl" Plans Depal1 ment, buL U81101lr too It,te binetl ooltlll1nnds is indicnled On the following pllg"
to be effeeti,·c. l.oose Iinison w"s maiJltaill~1 (Chart 10).
with the Foreign Olliee and Ihe Xa'·.,' Uinistry, b. In ai" Iwits of Ihe fleel below Fleel I-Iead-
but linison "'8$ fairh' close willt Air Headqu,,,,. AIR GROUPS (Som.t..... osslGned
quartets, eomblll iJ1t"llif... ~n~"(l dtttie~ were 8IlCOnd·
tel"f,l under the ~'II",\: )/inistr:r, in the Techll1enl ar.r nlld usuall.\" It"ph" •.ard. depending 011 lit", im·
tKc>IIulOI) dirwctl1 10 Ko~u Kon,a [1
I ntelligcnCf' lield. The I,,"cr ('Ontact "'ns of "So I
~i61anee 10 the 3rd o..pllrttllent in preparing the
e""m,' nir ordcr of banle. Within the Xn"nl
Gene~nl Stnff itseU." eonaidet'llble lag de"elopw
IlOrtHncc IlUlleh",,1 t.hereto bJ' the oommllnding
"likeI'.
(I) ,\OOal"<ll1 carri(',. ''WllOl1sihilities for bri~f·
ing (cillo the nil' om~.,t". This ,l~ign"ti(}n Ilppli",l
SQUADRoNS
(H.~crc.l
I
in Ihe exchall~ of illfonnation lIeeause of 0 wide
to the commanding ollie.,,' or th" "ir l!roup, wI", CHART :I:
I'h.vsical liCparation of Ihe depal1ments and the
was uot "ltad",d to the .hi». In Ihl} e"ent tbM n
RESTRICfED 23 RESTIUcnD
22
 JAP INTEL
RF.STRICTED JAP INTEL
l>el!n destr(ly('(l. The obvious l'eliult Wn$ Il tend_ ,·,·i,·,·01 !I'IIilli,,1l' ill Hwi
lx-/-rnn f"r in ,,,h·,,nl'" of ,he ,ni><ilion. P'ilols weI''''' 11'1
ene~' to exaggerale g,'t!ntl~' damnge dOll~ to Ihe ,
t u· .. ",pIO'·IIIl'lIt of tl", } " ' }
I' ""', Q"e-ti""p<1
a_ "
,
.i!;,·en "" "I'pron"h d,nI1.I"rl,-et Ch,.,1I\nd. in lieu \.... '0 "Il"'''1' 'S"" '~~.;II,~I
e"emy 10 'I point where the fij,'1lt'eij sllbtllltted on
of "eri,,1 phocog"l"ltphs. >I <ielniled dmwing of Ihe
cOlnbut. l'ellO,·tS wel't! detrilllelltill to futllre plan_ r I • ,\<111111'>11 OI""'lIshi
'(1'
.
1'1""."" ..,.", II ,. ra,,1 we
.
h"rbor ami FONI I~l"nd showinll" Ilw loc"lion of , ~' II I liS<' !l1I'II' f,,!, 1I",dJ "r """lhinll''' (TI
ning. Captnitl Olnnll<) of the Na""l General Stull' l"l't",·,." "f D"td, lIarh(o.. tllk!'11 0;' tlll.li..,.t d I.~
"bips. This diRJ!1"811l WItS "mended ,wiCl'll,rior 10
made this $tatemcnt: "In cases of attucks on ,.\lip_ Iltt".. k an'lhe "i,,!!Je 1l0tllLoI . ' . II,' h
the "llaek to "onfo",n with lUles! i"formalion.
ping, I took into considen>tion the tYP6 of target, .
" t 'e ""er"'!!"I"'llS-)
. 1', ~"'I't,,,,, \'It,_1 'II a."
.
Briefing" induded specific 11.,·1,......1 priorit)', >lll"ck
the "mount u1lf1 weight, of shells expended, the " (I). Th.'''"ld,out tlte \IIII' 1,,·,"i'~I. d''''pitea I'" >I'r
form"lion ,,"d ronline data (we"ther coulIlllll,i·
general attnck 8it,,"tioll and the ,-eliability of the o,·).!"u,zat")11 O\>lIIe"ltllt '"0'1' illl'>'_.".,
""lions. (·tc.). The res"lts of Ihe "llnek ,,"d lIC-
witnesses. MI' e"alnation of dl",,"ge rCllOrte<:1 and J J ,,~ . ,} "'." It'.,.
eur"ey of dlllnnj,,"" n$S('$lIlell11<'stifie<:lto Ihe thor- "', "nly :2 1"Il<'Onlllli.,..,.",.., '''l"a,IN''',;. both IUII:1
losses s\l"ain~d hv shipping was ordillurily ill the hu""oI. ,\ 1II'ltoto ''''·''''"U;...,.''...., \\'lIS JOll~ b,. II
01l,,>1111e&l of pre.,"I1"ion. At tlte olher e"lreme,
illiheearrier "t1ilcks in Ihe ,o\lell1inns, pilot" were
neighhodlOod of·SO pCl'Cetlt of the repOI"ted dum- :! S<j1lJ"!",,,s•. al.'I"'~,).!h the pilQ{s had be-t't; !!i~e~
sent ont, without n,al);! or info\"m"tion noolll the
ag<'. ~l~' ll'"ttllliltion for the dalllage l'el'0l'ted in no ~I}(~,al t..a., IIlllg In I,!tot"l!ral>hy. 1',,"
her Ii.u i-
lhe cases of uil"J)!a"es was 50 pct'Cent when the t"ttOIlS WC'''' lInl>Ol;(l<.l [,~·Ihe e"""",!, "ulnen,biln,
lar).!,'I. Photogn'l'hs ,akcn on th~ first day's nl,-
lotal l'epot'ted WIIS to Or below, a3lf" percent for of the pl,,"~~ 11.....<1 ill lite ,·"rt... ,ta!!,\O of the WII'::
h'ck. howe""", "'ere pt'\'loeesscd u\JOal~1 and e,"·
losses est.imilled hum 10 to Wand 2::; percent f(lr the poor "'Rllltenl"'C~ '"Il<:or<l of .\1",". '''''''onltai,_
ploye<:1 !O ",h'~ntage on Ihe following du~'. The
50 plllnes or a\JO,'e. in my opinion, ew" aft~r "'''c,' ,,11111" t1-;e<:1 ex~IIt,i"ely ill th~ laiC" SIll;!"":
lack of proper b"iefi"g in this inSlaut-e c"nllot be
cxpillined on the I",sis of the difticnh)' of obtain-
these de<:luctiotls, the repo,·ts were still exag· th~ luck of :"I'~llIate fight"r proh-'t:,io". and elfeet.
ing" Rlh'allce tnrget data. Conntless similar c"- 1;('",Ie<:I." "'PIle;;;, of L'.:-:. '">l,b,·
w"",illg.
ample:. of insnlflCieut preparation nn,st lie attrib- (5) The routing of cottlhnt repol'ls from the d. I'holo i"Il't·I'r.,IRtion ",as ,lono ttl lIir lIt't1
nted largd)' 10 a l"ck of a far-sighte<:l apI,r<lCintion
fi~ld appears to ha"e lacked uniformit,y. Com- he"dquRl"ter!! (tltere was ""0 ,,".in.....1 inteqln>l.. r
mander Yokum of the ~th Section, 3rd Depart- at each slIch hl'lIdIJIIII""l'B). ",,,I di,;,<>millation of
of Ihe a,h'antab"'lS thus lost. to 1111 owr_empl",si;;
ttl~nt, said "reports wel-e b)' I'lIdio ft'Olll the field. an."Olllt",] pltot0i!l'R!)h. 1\11, t1':btrictet1 to Ihe oper.
On the nllack. and to Ihe fumiliar ,Japanese ,,~li­
The'-e we"e a few written rcj>Ol·ts, howe"er, which "till).! 'lIIit ''()IIt'er"et1 with lit.. I"">:,"t I'h"to.
"nee 0" a limel~' spiritual inten·ention. A reali.
came inf1"f!"e"tly." Similar statements ",ade at >:,I·"phed. l"for"'R.i"" ,],·";",~I f,.... 'n th~ '"tcr.
~Rlion of these ShO"lcomings by the SOa")' came too
the Combined Fleet H~ad(luarte,'l le"el lead to 1"'Nulio" 11"11." <!i'pllltltetl t" tlte SOIl",,1 G"u"ral
lat6 to initiate a correcti"e program. The high.
the ~'()nc111sion that written reports, except in un- 81,~tr.a,,,1 0""1,;,,,·,1 SOu"lIl 1'"".....\ I",,!!r>llll for 9. Relaljmuhip ollntelligefl~e 10 O"",,t;o,u
comn",,,d level Jap"nese onice,"S intelTogated we"e
IIsual cases (e. g, ill the case of a request for an I,·" ,mIl!! 100 a,ldit i"nlll ;""'I"J"'ete,,; I 0 be >I,,;/-"led Pla"",ng
ll"""imous ill d~'CI"ring this 10 ha,·e been ~ II1l1jor
II,,"a,.d) we>'t! not sent aho"(1 the lHel of t.he Fleel to all SlIII"tlrOtlS WaS I>I'On~l" .bo"l h)' '"1,,,,,11'011 ." »;.,',,1 o"".... tio".1 pI",," '-'"'''....... lly orill'inaled
weakne$S. de",all<l, II !\t'I1l1 for "dditi"nal I'hot"'.;rnph, of
Headquarlers, thus further limiting a profJt,lble euher U1lhe Xa,·.l ~,e....l :-{)ItI" or in Combined
(3) Following a flightor mi5Sion, inlerrogation shil'l,ing IRrl."'!;l >It Okillawa and 1,1'0 ,Jim>l for
was conducted by Ihe air offil-er. SQmctime$ nssisted ex"ltan~.... of inforrnutioll among major floot units. X.'"al Fol't'C ll .... dlju"rt~l'5, ""d _re <I,.,...." "I'
c. Search and photo I'e(.'()nuaissunee wel'e I'e· K"mikll .... u"aeks. and. hohltc<1 !-""It'n>1 reali",,· .fltr di"""""ioll loy the Io".ds of tht t'KO o•.£..... "i_
bJ Hikoo;hi. The le"der of Ihe night. repo,·ted to tion (If th.. i."port"nce of lit" work. Th.. da...." WIt,
gard~d 'IS Ihe conoorn of operations in subordinate .....Iiou". \fn!ti" Ihe .\'.... 1 Ge""....l Sutl". "",!,on-
the air officer in the prcsence of the other pilots Slill in tl'aillill~ aL the 1',,<1 "f th WI<>'. Tltere Wa"
IInits, to be Itsed ,0 supply lactical duta of imme- "iLoiht... la~· with II", hi Dep.runenl. ",pniztd .."
and answered his qnestions, if a"y. ,0\ written re· 110 alte'''I'' mlldc 10 mai",,,ill a "u'ti""ous phot(>- 8!tO"'ll ill d'.r{ XI.
port was then $lIhmitted. not by the air officer, but diate necessity und, as 8uch, I'I!<:ei"e<:1 little diN!(;-
g"apllie '.....,onl of ene",y !no"" ,lc,·..lopIllCrtt 1111<1 b. E,timate_ of el'l'lIl~' ,tre"~<lh.....I.. biliti....
bJ' the flight leader who had recei\1ld no training tion ft'om highe" commands. Cnptain Ohmtle of
"0 phowgl'RJ,hic inte,.pret"ti"" "N,t"r 10 h.ndl,' .nd imemi"t" mad" b~' tht 1,la,,"inl!' lI'l'OI'l' of
ill reporting and who aPllJlrelltl,· regurded it 8S a the .\'",'al General Stuff, in a l'ellOrt which he pre· ,,'ch a pt'Og,,,,,,.ltad it l>eell "lte",pted. II~'I".:i>. Ihe I,t s"",ion "'ere ba;,...J on informatioll from
chore to he. di$llOald of us ea$iJ)" 11$ possible. Se'·- pared tit the n~luest of the Sn""e)', wrole: "The ,Ialldards. Ihe '-ellllt." achiHet1 ill .erial pltOlo- ''''0 ",.jor "(>u~lhe 3rd (inltllill"rtC\') and
eral Japanese who were interl-ogllte<:1 liS 10 this Japancse Na"y trie(lto "'like the best, possible use b'l"lIphs lind int"I'pn>I>lliulI by the .Jttpttll""'i' XII'T the ~th (r.lrnnnllli""'tiOflll) Dell&nmem_ of lhe
procedure st"ted that slRudard forms were u'Oed. of pltotogruphie intelligell~'t!, bllt conld not c"rl')' ,,·er~ negligibl... X" ...l General $nll'• •\ddilional illfot'U'alion
From those which were reco"C1'etl, how...,-e'·, there Ollt lite program elfecti"el)' OOan.o;e of the general c. 1·'lllk 100:lItio"s W"t\'. where I'0;;:<ible. ro""d wa' reeei"e<:1 di...." from OI"'.... ti,,1l' fl'-"'t fo""",,, b~'
se<!I1lS to ha "e been little lI"i fOl,n it J' lind treutmcnt fllil""e of "c"illl fighting power and a bad custom f'~"ll aN·iall'h"to).!,·aph. "nol lite i"form.tio" """" d"I",ll'h and (rom lhe _\rm.r •.' ""'luire<!.
in the reports nrie<:1 from good, ill u few cases, of tuRking light of reconlluissultce befol'e tI,e l'uShCtlto the pilot~. S<)In~ <I"ta on .\.\ ptrf"",,,,. e. Ouri,,>:, tht e.rl.,· planllinll' _lage; for in'por_
to so"'eliOe"~ltalasto oltlit the numOO" of frielllllJ' w"r • • • From the begi,,,,illg of the war ''''ct· ,,"lIS bCm dow" ltV/it th. Ital'al r""'ar-ch labo,.,.· t>l'" opl'l'IItions. ,,1I "...il.ble ",("rmatioll "'IlI<
I"ry lolli 110 all~l.wi~ """s ,n"d,·, III .")' 1,.,."1. b... brollll'ln 1~lber al nW'PlinL"" h"ld by the ],,1 De·
plaJlell Olt Ihe Uight. IIltt il its tet'minutiolt the Impe"inl Xtl")' was sllf·
IHat),e",alie,,1 "Rlclll"uun or tll'n,i'.,· d"I>I'lldi"lI' p'"'1l1telll altd ute",l..d h.,' the h.....d. of Ihe :lrd
(-l) SOo details wh"I_"er were ;nc!lIde<:l, ill the fedug ft'om " shortuge of recOllllllissUllOO I'lnTlf'ti On the c"nl"S(' ,,"<1 altitude of the pl."". X0l'er- ,,"d ;'th Del'.rill"'''''- It be<:'am" Ihe ""'I-'O'"i-
reportS reeQ'·ere(l. to support. c!ailtl$ of damage, (uud) trained o!>scr"e" 1:leI"SQltnel." At. the be· "O,",el wne. """'j.rnet1lo Ihis tll,k )111<1 no "',,"11.1•• billty of tit... 1,I.uninll' group of lite ht Deparl'
and no confirmutioll was I"f!uired (or included) ginning of the war u few curriC!' plu"cs were link eha"l.<. or ,(tt,lie<! on the "tlbj""t w,'l'f' """,\, ttll'nt to mab • ('OIl,I'....he".i'·e an"lysis of ar.,,_
of the number of enemy aircraft claimed to have e<:1"il'l',~d witlt camel'll;;, hut the pilots had re·

RESTRJCfED 21
 JAP INTEL
RESTRICTED JAP INTEL
._-, ~ the final ~Iilllal" ",hid,
'''It'
. d
""t""'l"! an ]l1 ..... U . I b
w...~ illl..... q)IH·"I~1 into the 01',)r811011 phm an, on • WAR PLAN INFORMATION SOURCES, JAPANESE NAVY
IllirlPd tn Combilll'<l Sa'"sl F()~e IIcndqunrltll">!
"ml. if lll'l'ro.-ed. to the Chief of lhe N'n,"s[ G~n·
eral SHIff,
<I.•\ ~i'Ul'lifie,1 duu", ,lo""';ng ,;<0111'-"'.. 81\d in-

JAPANESE NAVY WAR PLANS ORGANIZATION CAPTURED OOCU~ENTS

PRISOItEII-Ol'_w.tll INFOR..ATlON
REPORTS FROB! FlEET SUIIFAC( FORetS
3,p DEPT
WAR PLANS AERIAL RECONNISSANCE
' " DEPT INTELLIGENCE
MILITARV ATTACNES .lifO SPECIAL
NAVAL
S£IIVICES ORGAN'14TIOIfS.
GEN. SU,Fr
ENEMV 'f(WSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES.
INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATIOfl OF
,TEMS PERTAINING TO wAil GUIOANCE INFORMATION COLLECTED OVER A
A"O OT~En NATtO ... 1 POLICIES INVOLVING LONG PERIOD or TIME.
M'LnARY AHA,RS

I R.o, Adm, I Cap!. I LI Com'"

'" DEPT
WAR PLANS
. /REPORTS OF 9ATTLE RESULTS
NAVAL
\.AERIAl RECONNAISSANCE:
GEN sTArF

SECTION 12tn SECTIO".

'" ANALYSIS OF RADIO TII4FFIC VOLUME
IoIONITOIIING OF MEDIUM AND SNORT-
GENEIlAl- WAVE 9ROAOCASTS
2nd OIV 41~ OEPT
PLANNING GROUP AFFAIRS ESCORT OPERATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION OF CODES.
INTELLIGENCE CO.... UNICATIONS
GROUP PLAIN lANGUAGE TRANSMISSIONS
AID IN PLANS CONCERNING ARMY NAVAL RADIO DIRECTION FINDING
HOME DUENSt GEN sTHF GEN STAFF ANALYSIS OF AIII-TO-AIR ANO BIR-TO-
ESTIMATE Of SITUATtOtI;
DUTIES PEA- 2 Coplo.;4 COmdt5,' LI Com~, GROUNO TIIANSMISSfONS.
OPEUnON PLANS, WUT'ME ANALYSIS OF PRIORITtES ASSIGNED TO
UINING TO
QAGANIZATlO,,; ITEMS PH- IPERSONNEl ,,.OWN ARE AS
OPERATIONS INTERCEPTED TRANSMISSIONS
TAINING TO JOINT QPEAATOOHS REQUIIIED Bv HalE Of ORGAN.
SUPPLY PLANS.
BETWEEN ARMY AND NAVY. IlU'ON OU~ YO CONCURRENT
OFFIC~ 1I0La,NGOr TWO POSYS
3 Cgpt. BV ONE OFFICEIl. ACYUAL NUM.
I Copt ,6 Co"~" II Cgmd .. UR ASSIGNED WAS ABOUT ro'lIo
I TNERE WAS. D.,LY EXCNANGE OF 'II'OIl...T,Oll 9ETWEE" THE 3RD AND OTN &[PaRT_
2 Lt, CG,.~ .. L~SS YIIAN 'IIalCATtD.)
ME"n, BOTH OF WN'CN USO RECE'VEO IN'ORMn'ON SCNT BT OlvnG>< HOM FLEET
FORCES LI.ISON ON INYELL'GENC£ MATTERS WITH THE .RMY ".S ACN'EVEO TN"OUGH
SEMI-W€[KL' MEETINGS OF DEPAUMENT HEADS 1
CHART :II CHART :J:Ir

,-
-, RESTRICTED
RESTRICfED
'"
 JAP INTEL
RESTRICfED JAP INTEL
. . b;oed on Illlest di.pnl<:1ll->; was 1'l'l';;cnh'd
• t im rtlillCl'. hut did not e~Cff(1 the $('"1''' sltUI.1H>11 a. I I I'il,.
~:lIlbo.ft,· of the Chi"f of ~''''nl Gel~el'll\.Slll!ri b~' " the- ,til "~) ';. r
If I I ' Ilke.r wh" ~ Illn).!." I ,I .
lhe "al',,1 (le,wntl Slllll'
The 1.,,11l110n, Ill' ( ) . I f
he oIXler ~'II~ '''''\lell in hi~ II""''' by dl1'<!CtHm 0 ,. I \ G '"ernl Stnff in the ~Ol\( lIetj "0'
, Illldl'e,I"u,'c
'the "B"1I1 Stafl'. ImperlKl . II. ell'I (lun rter:!"
_ ' W H~I\I \\" ' ,lllllnin,:wlls IlIllilily one of L'Onferellc,' ,n,· V. JAPANESE SOURCES OF INFORMATION
the ~peralion went 1><:)'""d the 1I1lIho1"1I~',gl'1I1l1~ III I '1ielll~lI-h- un itnportnnt ph"'s, IlI'HHlg ke)'
till Chid of ~R\"R1 General tilnl{ by the I::mpero • I, Summ.."
1;<"' . pa I I· ,II' Mllth'I'S L'OnfcI'I-ed
fo~ 11,1';
upon dellioo, alld caml(J(. he tracood in -.ny uailablP
II:" l'lnn was allhmill",l '" Ih6 Emperor
I'l'm"1I1 lIud thell ;""lIed II~ 1I11 or<ler of the.. R'R
omc<,'rll"flOl'Sll'.
•
were P"""'ltl~
1
I 10 "nl"i()H~ hi/(lt eommll'" e", lUI!
b' d In hiJ!hh' illll'011,lllL
1
n. While it IselcRr thlll II grelltdeal of illfor",a_
1io" WllS oLlaille<1 by the Jllllllll~ frolll U. S. pre.
""""".
Staff. I"'[>erial HeRdqll~l·ten;. . ttw;r in'Il'u~tlU"'; () 1,"ne. G . i Stnlfll con. war 1l111IOUllc."ments alld InICI' from S(lur,;e$ such u
2. Commu"ktllioM ',"eUig_ e
f The lntellij..'llllce gTI,' (Ot' day·to·d,,) plnll' nlllttCI"l;. lhe chiefs of Ill(' lWo elle,n
radio broallcasl~, llewhlllll*I'S. "lagazilleJi, publica. a. It i$ eleu Ihat ool1lmunipations imel1i~
nill~ WaS supplied or.. Il~· 111 dnily co"f,'rcnces 't fen"<.><1 di''I!ct)'' with each olher. .
I I' i!lOll '~'ith Ihe thmlle On ol~rallons was 1Il
.
lions, etc, t11~il' i"fonnlll;OII ill point of fact WILl! of all ""tU "'.s hea"il)' relit<! upon by theJa(l._
as. fruit fill Btlun:e of infl)rmation. That a lUll)"
te"ded b~' departmcu!. chi~r~. Rlld ":II$ SliPI' e~ ., .Ill f ,,",)Orlson imp"'1nnLl1ulllel'!!con~l!l"n· ofteutilll<'S Btl elnOOrlltc, Ilcla;led, ll"d of such.
·
Inenle<I b 'II "'~kl\'
.. ,~ . llllell"enro e;;lllnllie pub I collsider.bl" ell""n Wll8 ""llellded nlong th_Iills
li~hed by 'the 3rd (illlel1il:",n~) Dep,"1ment II~',
t Ie om! 0 I
in"lhe~Olldlletoflh<lWIlI"Sll~'I"'POI
"
I 1 being pre
~ \ i highl), dllss;/ied 1l1l\l1l1l 98 to hHe ("(I'ne only
through olherdlllnnels, t.he moreobl'ious of ..'!lich
will be l1llldeelt... rb~' an examinatiollof tbeO<gUli_
•i'"cn '"en' limited di,tr,hlltH;m. At the ,bu) ;;c~Ie<lltflel' "" Ilgrccilwill l~tween the _ I'''y lln: He e8pioll"~, illlerro,,~'Ii<;1l1 of WIr I'ri"'"ers, ca]>.
Y.llti,,"S SCI uI' for this l'u'1>osl!.
~"fc,-eIl';S. thl! Chief of :\n,-,,1 General Staff u~u~ Nlll')' Gene",1 Sluffs hnd been rene.hed. ~o de-
tured documcnts, and communicalions inten:elll!j.
h. Both II,e Anu)" "lid Sa,')' hll,l their 9CjlBrale.
all)' presided, alld a review of the. general "al cision WllS reRehed at these consultallOus. org.ni""liolls workin!! OJ, C<ollltllUniclltion3 intel.
The following Jist is hel;e"ed to comll;u, ill the
ligellce. 'l'h" :oIR"J'$ headquartera st.tioll .·alI
o'-ue" of ill1l>Ol'UlIIW llud relilll>ilily ill the JSpll' locuoo Ilt Owada .nd tbe Am,y"~ at Tellllllhi,
ue!le mind. their primal')' sout\!1!lI of informalion: II) .l'aty--<JlOOda
( I) Co,mnlllliCRt iOlls ill1ellib>ellce.
(a) The organi""ti"n of Ihe sped.l Sl'CtiOlI
(2) Radio broadcasts fr{lm U. S.on both ;ntu. (radio inl.ellil.",nee) of the ~th Depanmell~ (com.
medillte Illld shon w,"·e.
mUll)eations) of Ihe ~a"111 Gene... l SId', all of ".
(3) Newspapers. ma"",zincs, periodicals. manu. Augu.~ 19-1~, i< .howIl on the follv.·illK I"ge
Ills. documenls, Rnd t<.'ChnicRI]>uhlicatiolla. (Chart 13).
(4) Reporls from opcratioJlal forces, includi~g (Il) This 3pe<:ial sectioll (Toku",u Hall) ill Ihe
submariue l'!C<)nllaiS$ll"ce. Ilerial "isual reconnlll8' NRnl Gene.... l Slaff was nn elllirel,. !leplu.,ue Rd.
Slln~e, lind photographic ~onnlliSbllllce lind inler_ '" illi8111l1 i"e ullit. an"we....ble dire<:t Iy to the Chief
wetllt;OIl. . vf the Xa"ol Genel1ll Staff. It "'a" headed by
(5) Conclusions baBe<! on tllctical and st11l1egle ,\dmiral SOlllura who wu al;;o heRd I)f the ~Ih
cctlsidcratiolls. Dt>1'1It1lJ,em (communicatiollS). TI,e ""ec~ti"e
(6) Deductions from enemy ojlernlions. officer of this ultit. COlumander On... a. Hldeo.
(j) Calltured docnmenlll. IJN", gal'e Ihe follo\\';ng b-eneral S... temeu~ with
(8) P,·isoller of war inlerl'Ogation. refcrenee I" the work of the Tokumu Hall:
(n) Reports from "uadH!s aLroad, -Dulil'S of the special ""'-1ioll eonsisted of illler.
(10) T<.'Chnieal inlellib",m;e. t'!'ptioll lIlId III,al...sis of .\ II it'd nulio tra.'lllIui~ions.
(II) Illfol'lnllt;on l,~,i"ed from ON"'"ll)'. nnd dissemination. b)' dl.]"'td,. of llllelhl1"u.....
(12) lnfol"tllnlion b~,illed frolll t'OIlBtwRlchers n!eei"ed in this ",.IlIWr to the proper acti,·it.'" for
Il"d lIati'·es. nctiOIl whell justififfi ",hHwi,.. by daily alld
b. This is a cOlllposile list mll,le \II' fr{lm ."n periodic sllllllllnrr 10 the Xa,-~' Ministl)' and the
80111."l'S al"ailahle. l\'1) single OgellCY Or Ilulhont.'" Sa")' Gelle .... 1Slall". III fonnlllJon jlldgo:d l(> be. of
used nil of lhem or. indee<l.lwen liS!l'<lnll of tl~em. imere!t 10 the .\r"'.'" ".ILI! rel ......t to the \\ar
I t is considerc~1 lllliural lhol opinions 61l(>Il~d dIffer )lini,tr)'. ..
!IOlnewhnl as II) useful SOlll"--'<'S of iuforlll~1l011, 11",1 ·The SI',,~i.1 S«tion Rnalyud shIp call s'gn••
eSI><'Cially ;s lhis considered true ,~f .t he,r Hal "".; "olume of ool\ll1l\lllieuio:>llll tnllie. rooting of lnr.
tion ill order of ilnpol1llllce. Ilus h.t of 1_ Hc, and IlDF, olld hod lilllilt<! .'l<'Ce8S in predict-
!lOurces. howHel' is thought to he <."<,,"pIPl'· lIllll i"J.( Al1i..d openuiollS hy this ".wo"s. .
at"Cllrale a3 10 Ih,:"hanllels ",·nil"bl~ (or ~t ldst ~ ~Chier "01ln'e>' of illrl)nn.tton were a'No-.lr
10 tho ones u~d) 10 Ihe .JIlJ'RIl~ III dle,r HHelh. .nd .ir-w.~round tnIlSl"'';''IO'''l by ,\Ihed ro."""
'C1100 work. If olher SOIl,""eS we..... used. they we~ which w" wPI'<'! abl" 10 break !lOme of the .t"'...
~t l>C$~ I)bsellr.:. ,"'" 1I0W Ilall~' Illlli colllplete),' ond strike re,)O)rtd of th.. B-29s. The praetl..... of

RESTRICTED " ""TRlCTED

 JAP INTEL JAP INTEL
RESTRICfED
th" 11_2lJ,j ll<Jj"stiug radiu f .
., f ......l"enc"~s I'rior 10 a 1'·1....,. llIesSllll"'llnd about 800 U. s, JlIiIituJ...
r,,1( (I tell f..~l\"e wanl;n" ~r' . .
1111 UfIP'.'Il<Jmg st.rlkc
RADIO INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATION, NAVAL GENERAL STAFF , •
I he l'rt'i'ence
,
.. v

_.0
"n,] 1l1lnsmissioHu~ u '" _ weather. !lII~~, 'nteraophld - l l " ' I "en diRpetdMd..,
''OIII",,,,,i''ati,,n rolll.etll IIeYenl ti_ I d a * ,
hcad'1"Rrters. U l'/{"Ilt ,,_~ ....n' lIMt ~
1"t-"-,?UI\/lI""aIlCC plNllell I'ro"i<Jt'd i"ron"etio" bv
whIch 11m ,Iap/lltl:lle W"n "n '
. , ' ..v I""''''''l Nue"",.ful in
10 hell~lqllkrl,~'" ,leoc<,d~tIl by .. in', printed fonn,
,,,,:~~':"tlllg lh~ l"r!!el "n'R~ 10 hc att/lcke<J.
I he onl.,· Illforlll"tioll useflll to 11 " " I tlr tII,lIo. \\ IItn a ~,m",uni""tio,,~ unit .... 01'_
'. I f 1"(IlIll IIC GerlllaM "'a~ tl,e '" "Iletl" de~1 10 sobn.. t ndlO directi01l.find;nll ~ru,
SPECIAL SECTION, 4'~ DEPT ,&oction I'e<: ~"eo: IlA~IS
tR,ho ~a,: elllplo~·",I. Il \\"as 1.1"" eml'lo)-..d for
(!;Iro,,,lc/l..~tllll-: ,\ II iL'(1 Merd",,'t Shi 1>3) Im'ic ooo:le
l .... n."IIu"'lI orders to dctacl.<':d units ~I
Roo, Adm. Nomura, H.. d 01 See'ion
L~ or thIS.L'LIIle perlllitted us to hreak ,I,,'re.t": illl<·Ui~I~. Partial ..e';""InK
sh Ip t!'''''8I11 ,s.,io"s tv IOcr<:hQllt shipf', Qnd ""limBte
rorwarded
. . .•• __ .• ' anUlI
d
(AIIO Heod 01 41~ Oeporlmenl) "'01l1l<ltI"g s-:rouJl!l "'ere RltllChed to d' de-
\"011I1I.,e of 1Il.o,·elllelll of shill tramc. [t did not
1>Cl'lrllt .11·Qcklll.!!:, I,owel'~r, nOr di<J it [lro"ide in.
tll~h",1 unil;> (Ono Ilud 11lIkutll "illag\"l~ht
(<I) nr~oding

r l r~I'l.""tloll "." the exnct l-:oogmJlhic lOO'atiotlJl of in.

(lInd",,1 sl"r8,"
(a). Strip and Illachi"" ~ipher s~'.st"1IlJI or lhe
Amen""n "'il;tar~' <:od<'!'l oould nO! be broken by
(e) 'I'I'QII,,,,issir>lls ,.~.i"ed al Ownda were the ,'"panelW, but the 4'""nlernl ooo:lea could )..'Cn.
3rd BRANCH
1.1 BRANCH
2nd BRANCH hrokell <Io~"1l b~' nl'e", anrl "ne "If~r ",ilh as man)' eral1~' be d~l"'l ...·hell in consid"....hle '1u.ntil~'.
as 10 ~ss."taJl~s wa~ responsible for anal~'zilll( (b) ,\ mtr,Clll dlplonlal ic <:odes ..",Id not be de-
CODE BREAKING
OWADA COMM UNIT tl'''1I8'''~SSIOns III e8,c~ of the !;C"crn) brrogrnphic ~odcd., ~or the mos plIn.lhc J"pane;.e 11'1In,I"Ie<1
GENERAL AFFAIRS cutCI!O."I~, In "d,htll"'10 ..ohlllle. call Sij.'ll'. dif.
RESEARCH and utlltr..... ,j ollly pIRill·la"gual," me$SlI
f.,..,ntl.at 1011 of <:od"S, alld [lrl'cedellcc of IrnUic, (d Routi~e O,in_rod"" (hei"en mt"u) u_1
COpl Amona (now deod) "nal~'Z~nl! "''''', possible On 11le l""is of of'>l'rnt"r fQr ~hploma"c p"rll<Joi<";. ...peeiRlly thO'e u"e<l b~
Copt Endo '''ld SIll!, or Illllt c1,"I·RCleri~tic-s. .-\ peak of lrnftic fore;"." alurhe;; ill ("hi"a. Wtre dee.-.Je<l, '11.~
Comd, and
Comd,. 0'0"0, Hideo ,'vlullle illdk"I",1 " ~~I'isis" I" Ihe aJlQl\'sls In .\e)..'ls ooo:le ",..,..1 ror ,Iil.lvmatir I"'I'P'_ "",lid not
10 Re ..,.e Olfoo...
Lt. Comdr. Soloke Own<l", but did not tell whl''''' the ~ri.is wOI;I<1 IIIQ. be brokell.
LI Comdr, {U.S e.
Brlloin} le,·inlize. A ,letail",l ".~pln""lioll of the work of (tl) H""",ia', ,\nll.'· a"d dil,loonatic L""'!es in
120 comlT\lJnicoliOfl. the O\\"",1a li,u'lIinl-: post. >-Oil"'" of all app.....:i· )....."e.... l """ couhl no, be sol"",I, Earlit-r in the
p"sonn,1 able QlIlount of i"lelli)..'Cnce for ,Jal'llIIeso> Xal'\' War. wnler ~"'lTi"',n 1:("1",, were d..o:-od..d. but as
I Rue,.e OWc" Lt comd,. Nokoloni
1'1,,"n~I'S, is (,Ollt" i"ed in Ihe illtPITOb"'l ion or Liell-- lht,.. "'~re imprO'·..1 10"'am Ihe elld or ,he ,,'or,
(Chino) th~,\ 1->1"""'"1' mild, nlOre dilliruh.
t"lIallt COllllIl,,"del' Snlake. T .. J,JX, who WaS ill
thi~ wOI'k thl"Ou~holll the ~'ar (USSB:; Inltrro· (e) French, halia", a"d other code:; "'''re par_
Lt. Comd,. funOIO ~MioIl4,11,Jap IlItel33). 11an.,· broken.
IRullia) (2) Army_TenMM (4) Re<tttU.
(a) The Japane're Army'$ organi7.atioll for (a) From decoding it wa~ l>t>6Bible 10 !!\!t a
rollll~ulli~atiolls illtellig~llce waS 110 I<'SS lhoroul!h clear picture or Ihe silualion in Cbin, c:em~ri"!!
,,"d, If Ilnylhing, was nen more exlell.;,·e in ilS around Ihe Chungkillg- Go..ernmellt.
operntion, H~ad'1l1nrtcr:l rOl' lhi5 work we,,~ al (b) ,h. Te-1I11 of mOllitoring. ;1 "a~ ]>o&lible
'l'pl1ashi. At lhe C'Ollelusion of Ihe war. ncrording to gm a f.irl." dear picture of the gelletlll """Ile
Sludenl T,oine.. Vud QIlll tim.. or lhe Okina"'a landing<' some IWO "'l!I'k.
Upon Em"Qency
10 " translated documenL tit lcd, ~,\ Rcport. Oil
.1"l'ane.... . Ar1n~' h,tcl1igcnce, SlIlllrnUr~' of lh~ In· be.fore lhe," hapl'elled,
lelli""C,,ce ,\~ti\'ily of the Spcd,,1 Centrnl [ntcUi- (c) As a Te;ult <>J moniloring. il wa< pLo.;ible
1-""l{"C Dcpal1111clll:' 7 COIIIIIIIIII;C"1 ioll$ units <Joilljt to antiL'i»"le tl.... 1l-2!J raids <>II lhp moinla"d b~
interception alld rndio direction-finding work "'ere abulll {;-7 hOIl"" RllIllhe I'~r~ by ,1M" :, hour::.
,lisllorod ill ,'ariOIIS pillet< tl,ro"gho"l the J ,,]ltlnC><! erenemll.'".• ..."rae~· of Il10re Ihan 'Ol",,,,,,,m "'ILS
homeland {rolll Sapporo, Hokkoido. in the nOl1h "lolailled, ]Illl a~ lhe "'Imber or plall~ and th"
ITHE OWAOA COIoiIolUN,CATIONS uNIT WAS AN INl>EI'ENoENT UNlT CAPTAIN ,,"OllIKAWA
to Fukllokn in K\'ushll 10 lhe SOllth. T""!lslation frequl'lIe-" of Ibe raid. increased, Ib.. problem be·
HAO TWO OUT,£S _ COIoiIoiANOIHO OHIGEII Of THE OWAOA COIoiIolUNIGATIONS UNIT, ANO HEAO
ClIme much 100'" difficult for Ihll Japanese,
Of THE THIIIO BRANCH OF THE SPECIAL SECTION.•
of lI'e <Joclllncll1' N"c"ls the following infon"R.
(d) Since both lhe An",' and the Sa'''' 00.
lion:
The lOt"l IImuber or lIll'$8ges illle""'Il I.. 1 per"led 10 a ~'l'l'all'_~lelll I1I.on lhi. 1,"J>Ilof ("fol"-
"~'e'~agcd <Iaily nbollt 2Z(J diplolllatic RI1I1 ne"'.·
mation source, and sinl'6 each bad h~ 0"'" quill:

R<Snucrm

RESTRJcrED 30
"
1lESllUCTED JAP INTEL
JAP INTEL
~bbo,ral~ "......niul ..>ll. II might lw ul~ed 110.1 ... in the ....""" of broadca.stiJ by int~rnM'lli.te ".... ~
lhe"" wOllld h.no bHn. 11",,"1 dnl of l'OOllt...tioll intended for dorne!j\ic consumption." • •
thjn~-
• il •• ~. ""1')' unfortlln.le ....1 of doinlf
.nd J)"",luelive li~iSQlI ""I,,·ten the 1"'0. Such,
hO"·f\"I·r. wu not th~ c."l'. FI'OlIl i"Ic'T"~Rlion 4. U. S. Newspapers a"d Oth,r PllblicatiOPIJ b. A~";al r&!ollMi~anc..
of b" 1ll'I'l!l.lIlnel in e.ch lll'rvicfo It ;;:,eems Ih.1 th~
onl,· "lI'ec1i.-1' l'OOlltralioll-in bet lilt 001,' li.i·
•. AllOth",r major lK>urt.-e of il,forlll.tion tor Ihe
J.I)I,neR inteJligt'IK-e ~~."tem "'u iu U. S. n.....s·
. (I) Uy OUr 81.udlrds il "'Duld
• ., N!COrlll&i,,"~ (Of the J. -..-. th.1 lilt'
".,n of .ny kind-was Ihe ott1l~ion.1 p.""ini! of j"Ill'I'll. nl.pziJ>t'S, Ill'riotlicals. d~"~ltnl8, .nd be de..-ir..d. E.Ill!ci.lly did Ihl:=:fl muclt 10
copi"" hy Ih~ one. "'hich il Ihollght ,,"otlM 0'- lechniC1l1 public.lions. ilKOnd only III 1~11Or1"nce II.H.Cka ..... re ,,~ •• gain~t II Inoe as our
"'il!hl be of inle"""I. 10 Illl~ olher. llle llluilllUJll to COmlllllnic"tion. intc1Jij.",nce "",I radIO broad· lme. II wu nOl he"."1Ie f I ltDl.U .Iong the
....sts••nd 11\1",1 h,· a number of inten'iewl'ell U rhe"al"eofsudll'>:>:'li ~".ckofrealtz.at,onof
llO:<>lhl~ ~lI'edi"~tI~,, of C()In""llIicalion~ intelli· . u".I!l8&Il..... o.l.. oftl
~. tIIrduJly Sf( up ."d O~"'led b,· Nch lien'· "'1".1 or Hfll l5Ilperior to Ih.... IlOUTCeIl for 1)I,~k­ l",rtllwm """"·...tiolls 0 I h · · "'11loOTl'
c.:omrnlllltier l'oku... ~ ,n 18 1"'"11 00l\>e>< front
i~ ..1..... 11'1,.. "as Ihus 1""1 10 Ih~ J.p"n~ ....-ot'ml intQrmatioo. 1111'~ ..-en> collected b~' IIfn- I ~. • aIr ..... mber~ of X I ... _
Ihroll";'. bck of l"OOrdinal;"n. which .-eems dlRr. ure in wnr Will':'! ant! I'lirch.oe ill n..ulnl COllll· eTl "".lI'illlelJigt'Il.... : ..... ...."n·
.CI..ri<li .. "f Iheir intelli"'I'nce 8l!l"\'icea. trif!!. 011.. of the 1Il0'1\ C',lllC;S\l ..iews of their m;e -I
.
wo"ld Ill"'.. liked 10 h..... I, ., I mO.... ~1
is upre;;se<\ ill Ihe "'.Iemenl, of COllllnallder n.'''''''n..... I would It..... lik,,'d to b..... kno..- I·
3. RM/io Bro<Uir.sts From U. S. "umher of ,,1.n""'.1 Sai,." f . II lie
Im.i: . or IDst.,..... Ifo-..-.
•. li. S. radio 1Ie"'ll brooodc.",u.60 pro"ided the "'.\I'hough Ih..y "'ere of grMIU ...hlt Ih.n radio e"cr. "e,,,lqu.rters co",lt! nO! inili.tt'
J.p.n_ ...ith "'hlll Ihe,· 51ale to be onl' Ilf th~;r b......dcasl$ in thaI Ih"ir rollt ..nlJl "'ere more 5ub. """te: RellOrts from field unil$ "..."" =n:~';j
mO<>t fruitful ilIlnn:es of infoTlllRiion. Henr Ad. 9lnmilil. on the "'hole Iltcy did not re"dl our hllnds "'.. rn III the forI!) of di~pateheoo On the ""mb~' d
n,iral Ono.IIJS. who Idl Iheeolllm.nd of the liB 'J'I"'" of .J' I~nC'l. , . .IIIfonnali"'1 ".11... rnn
.Hrl.. f
in tilll.. It> be of much u;:e in di>;eclinll" the war ef-
Y.m.to in 19-13 to he.dlhe 3rd l)el..rtment (in· fort. Thev .....re. ho"·Her. of ,·.Iue •• m.teri.1 bRses "'I"d, lIlt (", S .t1~n"-~ d .. ,ro",
I ,. ~""". ue 'lre"lo
tel1it-"'IlC'e) of the S....I ~neral St.ff through for checking the OIher inform.lion .I.....dy reo 'l'Nk-d""'n of COmmunicallons. J """I~ iuur
Al,ril of I1f.l5. liO(ed 5uch bro.dc.sts ail his ~m061 cei,·",t I'hologTllphs of n.,..1 "_Is .nd .ircraft, Ihe laek of 8,·~..m 'n reconn._nce. 1 hea '1
usefu]"' lK>U>'Cll of information ~lJe,cauee it came e;;p,~'i"lJy alllotlP" tlte m"kri,,1 ~i •." d in ",ar wnes, Ih.1 the U. S. h.d ~Jlceial rerotlll.i!l8&n<'e iiolIu~,
in mo.I quickl,·.~ Intennedill.l.. bro'lIlcll!!l$lor do- pro"MI l·alu.ble 11.8 le<:hllic.1 ref"",,"c" matcri.L" n'ns It"l t~lo~I,lIIJl il "'.~ a j!:OOd id.... W" could
mestic ronsIlmption. he !!Ilid....ere more ~ful b. Acoordin/!: 10 the ....temenls of. number of not I'"' tlll~ mlo pn<:liet! 1R"C.u.~ of ~ortago. of
dUIA .lhort ....'"".•lthough the I.tter prond ~. highl)' pl.ced inlelJigenceol6~rllin both Ihe Army I'I.~ 1 m.d.. !!<""" ~'mmd.uOfu., but no
ful 10 othu ~neral SI.ff intemgen~ ollicens, and 1'.'T, procurement of U. S. newsp"-p..J'S .nd ."l1'nllo" \O"h I..,d 10 Ihem. 1 knew tI'.1 Ihe ideal
m.n)· of whom bore leslimon,· nl...:> to the ciTe<:· publications reemed to be one of the chief con· !IOu..... of i"fonnalion WR!' reconn.i$lRn..... ri.sual
.ud I,hotof,.... phic.~
ti,'enes of radio b...,.dcasts as • !lO"rce of in for- t:Crn!I of.1l diplom~tic 11.8 "'ell as "a"al .nd mili·
ID.&tion. 11tt' follo..in/!: i quoted from lhe inler. UM' .tt.ches .broad for J.flIln. Theil' impor. (.2) Thi. stol)' of in.bililr 10 I)rol~rlr perform
rogation of ComlD.&ndu Im.i. IJ:'i", "'00 handied ~en.1 rmmn.J.Boi;U><'e .t lhe nlOoil ..il.1 period,
I.n'("" in .nOlher y 'II"U poinled out bl Admiral
intel1iJ,,'llnce on Sonh .nd Soulh America: Ono. head of " 1 intelligence, who said ~good ,. f"nh.. r OOnlt 0Il1 i" ..ren hig""r eire..... b,.
~ Actualll', radio new~ reporlS frOIll all o"er the trnek wns kept of tedmic,,1 developments through R"...\d'"iTll Tomioka. "'h" hceame OI"'Tlt'OII'
"'-orld. as we labul.ted Iheln, M,re the he;;1 llOUTCe$ ""d W.r )llan~ ofur of Ih" Xn'·.r Gcn....1 Suit
ue"'spaperg !lnd Iln.~...zi"es." in .'"n~ 19H dtcr ,;en·i,,!!., ",,,nlllilld..r. !'ou,h.
"'e had.. For enrnple....e "'Ollid hear of • <:on. .bl A..... FI.....l. l~fOl"l' IIII' faU of lh.. .lofan.n.;:.
ference beI ... ~n .lolac.\nhur .nd 5imil~ in n 5. Ref'Orts From Oper"tio"aJ Forcu
•• (llle ..:urn"I". d~I'ile • <Ie..i"" for ~"t~,· .......
Fnnciseo. "'hich ...o.dd me.n M>l1K'thing impor. •. RellonH from Olltn'lion.1 foTCell lind recoo· ....nn.i_n<:e. tlte J"I"'_ &em.lh· eml)lon.<!
tant wu eominl! Ill). Then we would hear of a naiSl!Jln~ of "II kiuds were. of course, nlilde use of .. ,."I.li'·"ly .r.. w 1111'1'01.... TOI"i"ka ";id. ,. r~"r
conference in Pearl H.rOOr of frouL line rom· by the J_llllnese, but in l'arying deg..- a"d ,..itb T"uk raid WI_ • COIuI,lel.. ~u'l,ri!'e: our /'K'On.
manden..nd .......k1 If)' 10 esim.le the direction ..arying degrel'fi of effecli,·en..... "'ronL line ..... n•. i_l1~ Wb ""'). '11Ol1~': "'Iny of <IlIr l"lrob
of the nut mOve, ports., .cronling 10 J.i..ukn.nt Gen.....1 Arisue. f.,I..d 10 reI urn. Thi~ ...., 01>1'''''- "'1' IimJled
~Bec.llse of Ihe cellJi(}l'$hip t:1Irried oUL by the G-2 chief at Arm)" Gcnel'lll Headquar1ers, ...",Tf ,It" number of ,,"r .... ...,h I\I~hl;:'- .\~ .nother
U. S.. it ,...s not lJO!lSible 10 <':llpecl m"ch ,'"Ine "oorlsider",llt> be ndiablo IIlul "ceurnle dUl'iug .nd eX.ttl"I... TOllJioka ..ited Ibc faCI thl .ft~r Ult
from inform.lion of lemponr,' ."d shot1·li.·ed dter the conflicl:' But rellOr1.11 of .ir Ioseea. !If l",,~ of Ok;n.w~. l'raCli""lJr no ....~..ul... ,,'atrols
nailire. bul "e _re .ble 10 m.ke stalisti<:lll !!ur· said. "'ere defec1;,'e because of '"the h.bit of l'!'" " .... /10"'11 our oflhe ":mpin!"bK'a~"'e"'en! Un.
..-ey by cJMI!lif)'ing inform.tion of all kinds re- por1ing en"my 1 _ as high .nd our losses u 10.... .bI" 10 ""'"d lhem OIlI: ",~""llOD.1 1.-.. dUl' 10
ceired o..-er long period$. We think it "..s lK>me· .hr.ys.- snd it bec.me nealS/!1\ry to rely on .. 1,1."" or I'iloo f.II" ... "'f"" hlp.-
liml!ll JlOS'lible to ohtaiu mnlerial of "alue u)lon cstimat.. or their own ntt"ilion bv ~che<:king lbe (3) .\ ~rrikinll" ilhl~t"'lion of lb. ",.. ",,,uti..
...hieh to ~ our judgmenl. Thn "'as e;;-peei.llr

RESTRICT£[> . largll orde/'ll for part.ll .nd sp• ..ee

tlt.t came ill of Jap."...... n'l'OlIll.i_n"" ""me in October IlI·U.

..
 JAP INTEL
JAP INTEL
llU.'t'l' ~lId T~-k I'll'''''''''' (ill 1111' .,I'·lllla" <;lllll' 1)Il~ C\J1l,lI'l1ctiOn, ami the recob'llitio" of .ircrnft
11lIipll hatl "llrime_ ""llOre< from ~llbl".ri"p TKOn·
".e$lln~. From. I->Iioo "II lhe W."hin~on
~I"'p l'l"'-,l. lJ ~Ilbln.rin.. Io.d IlIlIndwd • 1'<'('0".
."d tihipping.
(:\) 80Ih .\rnlJ· atld Xn'J' photo intelligence of.
Ii~r.s ......,. atl.ch...ll'nmariIJ·lo air groups ...l,ere
h)' III .. J.nl'IIl1""" Ind III...ir im[l"'rt
.m.... m'nd I",,,,.,.,..< '"",.
",.lId.. r )1 "·u. ki
.
,, .. ."
. • ~--."ltoth"l·f
1I01l._ I'lauI,ill~ for th
,.. "'t.."" I· in Ihe J.p.
S- . I G c II .. of 0Fle...
•
--,..w 10" <If (0111-
da,_
1fU" . rrom :dl 10 • month II.,.
-'II'"fi.-.nl (·onf.."""",,, of AlliN ......
llRi""""N\ >0('8]>1.1\.. whicll ~IJII""J Ih..., SeRltlc
hubor .1\(\ .... poT1o!(l no h....... e....n-tlf·,,·Rr. par.
the" were eoncel1led for 11111 mOi<t part with Birlield
illterllJ'Ctllion. RellOT1S W~n! meager Mild hap.
wu ...
, ~ "l>mi""
. I....... St.
e.· I "'aI '''''..... 1 . • . It 7.C4pt__ ~
I.lld ill S·lUth.. rl; K,'u" II. I ,at Ih" .\Ihes "'O\Ild
1~lull" no C,"s lhere. .\I~lt 30 )1.,· 1942 a h.znrd. eoordinRtion bel"'"''' air groul'lI WI5 nil, • "' ...l .. "I... rll ......" L .'. It, ~.nJ i,lllt.toteR..... J bad inb--
..·""1 ''''''._1. ill Pill"'r Ih" \ k I
~;mi1ar'plnne 1,,"nph,>(1 from II ~lIhmllr;;l" lIboo,~ ~nd lini,;on be''''CCn Ihe Ann,- .nd 'sa,'l' .... ~ lack· '. . r,. .. Ia,· 'II' )1. "1'1"..
."'•." (all 0llUlIon ~".re" b" tl ... · . ,~·.zo,
k' m.l!"'" lh ~I dootall DOIlI'Cm,
\\1ule !'«IW' of tJ,,~ 0/,•. ,,,,,,,, ca_ f
0111' f - .
100 mil"" noe111 of 1)111,.(, II"rhol' '!C'"Lll>(]lh", pOl" i IIf!. '·.~I'IHi"ed Ihal "Illi. " .\n",q .•1,,1 h.. ...... o.f .lrln.1 OII",r -me.:caplll~~
• nd Tt-I.tOT1...1olllJ a re'" small merchlltl1l1"'n I'res- (.f) The fall or Saipan m.rketla slight irnpro.-e• o " h • -trale"; I '
• • • a judgment loa I ". C I ....'_'on
l'ITI. Thi~ 1"."" ..."'_ dsm.J......] ill b.rKli"~
111.. ~w..lls .nd Cfll,ld nol m.ke Il !lChedule.:e TreOn·
II....10 me,,1 in JI'lIne<e photo intel1i!!"tlce. for .fler Ih.t
the"" "'u increu"l'd iUle.....". in the I.. king-of photQ.
. ....: ",,",u 1'0 partlClll
"f mr"nn.lio,,- but "I"'" ~tlle -.;
of Ill" "',,~. 11lIrticnr.rlJ' ~"rh • f.~;~ ::~7rl7~
II' "Ie('<' , "" l'tond~1 -'/fruJkaIll i'.I.. U,,",,w:e mlterial
, e of !he t1\OrC llO.....wth)· """1,11S' of Ihia
'0o"", "''':' I J.poo.,...... docu_'lI '*Ilit.,. f<>rth I~
n"i!lAAlIC(' on 3 .Ill"". IlI~t.·"d. UlI1eh 11"1'1,01' "'liS I!r"l'lI< fot· Ih" I'UI·p...... of "'Ilteh;n;: AlIil>(1 ship
11'.1 H~ Ii..-",J", Wb .n i.la"d IiI' ... act 0tpmzoholl of r ~..\no,' Ind X.,·v IiI' m.n..
examined bJ' 1)(>1'1""""1101" ,,'i,ll • "eg.ei"e ""llOre "" roncenlrRlion••nd A1Iied ....se de,·..lopmenl. Tllis
""ltld he ...... in...1 o"er it il •.•• I ""I"'~'{lntJ I're".~ b,. the X....I GelH'rar.' a!J··'''tclii/!l1lOe
tlull d.I... 1''''0 01 her <uhm.rinf-O ..... re I",t roninl: illCf'N$e<1 inle"",1 ..·u .ugmenled by Ihe f.ct Ih.t '. . ' " • m,oot "'1l11OIl1
0)1 n Ii"" "",,nh of CoM BIIJ'; til""" m.d.. no ~il:hl' i" Ihe 'Iller st./-'t'$ of Ih" war, l,holOf,.."phs we",
I"Otl.ltIlUn'('ftIl('''": ,>are,col.rir railro-d tOmmuni, I~-".nmcnt .n,1 I.t.. r CIlplol'fd b" OtIr f _
ing-;. .\ p"ri"';;"I)(' "",-,o",",i<;<;;,\lWI' of Kodi"k "'"<
c.t1",,~. (Mnd) tl I.,· ,tral""
, •
,,_ ,.,
.",'>CI ... """"'<'n th.. ;">&'pa,, ICiIlCJ>ll(('ioCl"O.\ I~ lfl~l \~~
One of 11ll' few SOIlrc<." of Il"llilllble ;nlellil,.•...Ill'll
"""" 1"'" "f JRI>ol" o"d Chin.,- IloooJ:!b tI", I1'port ro",.. II.... >OIlle ..I'M....nd :~.
IIU-de .boIel Ihe ..nd of M.y ,,·ilh. "":-"1;"" "'llOrt. C'OJl<'Cl'tlil1g AIlied 01",...1i(lull. llteo" re,.n1rn, ~, •• h" ,
.\ J;Ubmarine pl -<OOt~1 Ki..J,;•• bou~ 2;:, )1.)' (5) E'en 'hi_ inc,...,._1 rN.'OgIlition. llO..-e'·er. c. III f"rther .."pl.n.lion. Conun.I"'- " ' ~""Ol!l • II III ,lIr".",i,,..I,,

11}.I2 .nd ....'lOre 1 no ship!! p......·nl. Th.. sllhm.·

k"dh '.
~ ~ sa, t e ITICtbool or Cotllnll",~ movernc"es' of
ouo:r .. " •• r~ual IDd --...... te in ll1Ill.r ""'i.........,..1 mucb
di.1 not re-"It in al'." nll'id a,!o·"tIC\! of PI. AI.
riue·hol'tw plalH'" IIlllinlain,...lrndio ~ih'nl"" durinl! .l .:s. ro......... "'"~ "m.u,ll' oommo" ~n,... b,' 11",1\"l. lllOre <let.''''':1 thin. nliehl bt ul'l"'led, h <'On•
Ih..ir f1ighl ill, <>ntt.r.l to br""k ...dio .ileD«
I1I"";:h the J" 1''' "l'Se "hot" I'I""I'S :\t)'rt Rnd Di"ah
,,'e~ j.'ood. Ih"J' "... l't' Iilllite" in IIl1mber anoll rain ....1 ulg pre"".". mOl·e?",,,t.< of L S. force/!.: b)' J~p. t.".. I Ii>! of earncn.. tfil and chart. on car.
"."""" .\1''''.'' ",,0.1 :s••..•. COl"lIlu,,;'-"'tion~ int.. roep. ner "'I'ladron ot'J.. .nit.Uion. Mimaleo; or 1,I.ne
ollly if th"J ,,~ chL"«l !oJ .\",.,ri<:-an pllll""<. .\ 11 l,ilofO ,,'erelllcking. Th.. _rpitJ' of PI .."d","or
l'O~lS. I"d jltdl,,'IIlCIlI$OUI of "'hol intelligence 111I. ~,"I'~_n"" 01"_.." ...."011 of patrol f _ . " ••
"'llOrt m.,1e h)' the llIol hH subm" ~ine. '1'1,,· ," Ihis lillie is e,'id"'lCe\1 b.,' Ih.. fllct Ihllt onl,. .f c,1ie :Sll'al .ir f _ . XI"lr .\ir 'I''''''''I''.n Sf,.,..
t"r,"I_ w.. h.d.-
~uhlllarine "If Sealtle and the o"e olf K,~liak ",.ill' ",wties 'w,.., ,""lit 0""1' S"il'"" 'L1HI on'" 10 ,wer ...... )llril\e .\.. ('or/",. and ... mil.r material otI
t.iT)(>(1 st.liQll for "",,,e till~, The onlr ""'"lut Oki"...·•.• nd t'>ese ..'.."" "'ajor PI elroris. d.•\ .det.iled "l'I,li..... tion or II",,", t.... I"liq'~ i~ .\rm••· .,r fOl'Ce"o. Rear .\dmiral Tlkcuthi...hO:ie
rel'0T1eU by fllf' Kodi.k "I,brnnrine ... a,; Ihat of (8) Soln.. 20 l,icIure!I ,,·.. re ,.ken of Ille l'e.rI f<>U11I1.1Il ~ cololore<l ,1.1.."...... d"cu.t"'lll. tran~ «<'1.'011 prod I II,~ ducumtnt. .."" q_ioned
~;ghtinf! one inrI-'" lI,ereh"t"'.1l on a date which lI"rhor att.ck bJ' port.ble cante/1lS o"er lhe sidf':! 1.lctl '" CIIl('P.,,·Cill('l'O.\ ll"llHi" l-IO--t;:, uf .1 Iett,l.'th "'Iardiel!! tl......... ~ Il;lf((. brou¢1I 001
Connll8Udl'r Okllmi.\'"a did not n:m"",I,..r." of t0I'J....lo and high Illyel bombcr.s. Useful infoI" 7 Jlln" 19~~,
III""" I"''''''''
(4) .\ddilion.1 del.ils 011 Ihe J.I'.IIl_ ,,~ "f m.1 ion ill Ihe AI""I ians I""ding wu glIined from "The 1Il{l"ellWllt~(If Ihe ...,,,"!\' tl,k f{lrOl! ..hieh n) Thai infornlllliOll foe lhe dl'1.iled omani_
""bm.,.itle·oonle .i",rafl ror ""'COn".issatlcc "'ill aeri.l 1l11oI0 /'e('()"n.i""lu~ flown Ihe da)' bcfo~ I~ut",hed .ir .1I.cl.:;, IJ.. . i"", ti'e ;;oolh..·_ poI"' :Q1101l ch.n "f lhe (T ","ra~...hich -.---' •
!Ie found in E:<hibit A. Ihe IlInding. nnt IhP»e tw" e,'ents n:pTe!lellled Ihe t,ons {If Our "'.,n i~latld~ .re '101 llllCU...lel\· ran of the oocllln..m. -.nIL'" han 00IlH' rrom cal"
d. l'},otl1flrol,lt~Illfrlligl'll~ "PI'n''''llt <'hil!h" in ,J"I""Il'se aeriall,holo work. kllo",n. bllt i" ,·i"... "f Ihe file! lhol it his bee;, lured UocUUW'''L... He added that tM [' .... ~""'_
W

(I) Judl!'-"1 LJ' .\n",rinln "'.Ild."ls. ,he J_p.

.n~ USC of urial 1>lll>I~llh\' as. "'-'Ul'C@of in·
l"lIib"'"ce was~liJJ in il<; i"fIIIC)' lit eh" ..",I of Ih~
(i) .\ more. del.ilf<l r'C1'0r{. 0" tI,e J.plllle!!e
1l'1Ol0 'n1elligl'D« ..lion. pr'Cl'ared b)' Ihe Pholo
Int..IIi!.'ence Seetio". G-:?, ussns, ill eoope....lion
RW.... fl'OIll it_ hOln.. boo"" f"r a IU"I! lin..... hl<._ ""f,
f"red "'''''....,"'''ble 1 _ ., Iwo .Iunl••lId h""
la"nch"'l 110 .ttnl'ks .in"", I )I.rch. it ('an be in.
~:::ho~"e;~~~~r ~~':.::"'~~~l,~: t:
Iwtn .bl.. to co""I'il.. _.... -h • Ii" fUl'l tIC.. "hil'.w
"·ar. J."ane;Ml .\ITIW 1111.1 X''''I' Otli,,<,1'lI did IIOt "'ith tile J"I"'''I';;/! 1""·lli;:"".,,, Se<::tiOll, 0-2, is f~rred thllt tI... t."k fo....... ","" ho.·.. returned to (2) 11,.1 .. I\ilc cal'lol'l'd docomcn"''''nd och..r
eoo.;;itie~ 1>lIOIO""I"ral>h;' to be u";ful 01'..... tion.llJ· llWetH!f<IIO this rellOT1 (E.:hibil I).
Lilithi Or tile )lori.lI.... .
>oUn't'Il(lf illronnauon- m,Pt' pcn.in onlf 10 Oue
beJ'OIH! lhe imnledi.u~ I.etieal 1>haS(>•• nd .PI"'~' "iI hiS been aIUIOI,,,,,,,,1 Ih.1 Xiulit. relun>ed SlJlIad_TOO (II' one ".n of lhe ..hip·~ Q~;i&atlOl~
en!lr 1'0 clfon Wh made to tlIili~ phOlof!....l'hs in 6. Con~/llsions &ud on T .Ni~./ aNd StrllltgK t(l \r.~hill~'1on on ;'j )1.11'11 .nd cord 1 ....illl sud> lIlfonnahon 0'-'1' riod of I""" tlI hl,o(l
M ..

pllnninf! or ."1 icil'alillg Ill'''' otr"'l!li,·es. The few CONsidera/iOI/I ,,/lid l)edll~tjolls Fro'" liing. Sin~ lIal...,.,··" particip.ti"" a,; 1\,0 In· me. JlOIreiMIl.rl.r ill tbe of o$.ler .bip;. to
~ ......110 did "",liu tile llOSoibililles of Ilhoio. E1Iemy Ope.-atiolls ""mlt'('(l il con h" inf~rred ..-ilh ..ill,.. ~11.inl .. ",.k.. • • • d~.il,o(l f"t.ilQate-. ~
JtTaIHlIC illtclli~/IC'l' mel ..-;,h onh' 0111.11 S'1<.'CNlf!S 1".1. (V"fere"c.. <II, op....t'on" ill the I'lCific ..';' (3) .\UIOII!! ..hal M considered. nO)' impor.
I. In. Sirid ~n""" th.. eo;"",I,,~jOlIS .nd d~I",,·
i" tlleir elf"'1~ to coII"in.,.. doullfi~,g ~lIpc~il1l'l1. h..ld. ;:;ill"" ~t.t1"Iic,; ""0'" Ih., 11..... 01...... lIO<L_ I.m don.."....1 "",oIured b.,' 1M Jll>a~ d"rin/f
tion~ COII_iden',l IWI.., IU",' llll~ enthrllee Rcu",1
-f:!) AIIOl!elller a total of 18 Artily oW...,el'l!, of t)o('C"r f",m :!O .10)'" to I mor,th Iftel' r-od"""Kb tbe .... r .... ~ 0'... oIuulfd ...... J.JlOI_ _Iup du...
.. ,m"(."l!l! (lJ illf"I'IIlal i,,". l·iowl'I'ur. ~inell Ihe)' "'"
..-boDI 6 .....re ron,Hkn....1 rorop"e"t. "·ere trained "" "'MlteI!J' ..... I"'ld. "I' "m_' .... ollihe II..., duro ..,.. Ih" ~'JlOIn '-'P"... liot, ..hil-h "...-.- lbe <:(In,plet..
01 leUI technHI"" if not .l11111 !lOIlrec;;. llnd;;jOlt
:in 1'1 t«hniqne.. ; .nd onlr :JO-tS 'sU)' 016cl't"i itl~ th" "'HI "f )I.reh .Itd rIJ· .\i'ril. ...·.." Ihoueh O!'J.. ."iull()n. incluJllll! .ir ~I'" or 01... of d ...
tlle)' "'..no ...i<leIJ' referred to in all di".;;ussions of "e do nOl: kilO'" ,,'here II bl"..· ..,II f.ll.- t._k for('f'-. M:-uch 1;'OIlI1>lc1..... docun... n",,~
,,'c~."ctltally a""ign...1 1'[ dUlie... Emphasis in
tnlJlltlig wu I'IM~1 "llOlllhe idclltif""llfiOlI of .ir.
illlelJigenell h.l· Jallltliesc "fflwn<. 11lel' loo.'<;ome.
1'.1'1 of fbe bt'lllld iute[Jj,l.... t1et> pidll"":
Thu ""HI" doc",,,...,, '"ak"" l'"illlf'(1 ....ference 10 M ... i,l. Mn", ""I)' "'11'. W

field in...<taltation•• nd defcll!lr!;.lhe !;Iud)' of AlIico:l Ih.. flld thlt 1'"nuU~ .\lh..d 01.....li(>l', .. ~ ... be- III Th.t .fl..r the .ir ... ;,l- "P"L-I lbe Emp"...
b. An eumple of Ihe use of Ih_ tl'l:hniq\llll
R'ESTRiCTEO RESTRICT£()
 RESnlCTID JAP INTEL JAP lNrtL
began, "we got 8 grl'Rt lllun!.oer <:If documenu fro," r/osnn... l$ of rep..-nt"lin'lIabfOAtI,.t lellst prior
f1o....n by thll X""y, IS ... ell u. PRM
l,l"nell RhOI down:' 10 th,' war, MOI'eU.·er. duri,,/! Ihe \\'ar,~llch dlRI). H-l1D And B-l1E a/l(la If . . FltA, P80,
~. lIlo~roolll>lel",ualllllllPSof ill\elh~nN' I"ate- ll~l~ "'er'e th... Ilrineil'.1 IIll!atl$ of obtainin/! U. S, test·ftowu b,· Ihe .~m \ u-:le~ne J"ch ....'"
ri.l ...hich llit J.I~I..,,;e ,,,ihIU}' dtort.-«! from e.p- ne"'~".Il'en1l anti othet I'ublinltion~ (pa .../;raph 4. test·l!o ... n it Okina~:' '"," Fe) Iaken .lId
.bo,·e) ...hkh ,,'ere in Ihem... ln!s bighly regRrded . . al nlllllY 011
11Irtd documellh is CQntainoo in uhibit A. ~tll,hctl where 'hey had e"~htd " len; W~re
all int~lIigence ullItel"iul. to Japan for lunhet .n.l~ilL ' fll... b!olnc eent
8. p,.;Jo'ler 011(/... l"tnrog"J;QII
.. 8fo:a~ war "'riminal 1)~liorul in Jal"" 10. Terb"k.J InleJlig~n(e I J. l"jorm41/iQ" Fro", G-
~''''''']
""N'e Ill'nding M the lin~ 111.. s"n"e,· "'u "'ade. It ft. A rich !!OUIn! pf informMion "'hidl ....1I ex· a. Although Gennany ...... "'nilne
i~ nol ~u1"J)1'i~inl! thaI hil!h ,1"p8'''''''' .\I1l'Y 811'\ I'loih~1 h~' Alli''ll f"tt't'll with lal·....· o..,::uniZRtioIlB ',"Pain. tIl<! ,,"-'<)g... phic.l.nd physical ,1:"'1I'~rof
~lt ... l ollil't'r.!."-ho ...e.... inu'rr..;...... Il~1 as 10 their of t.... iuctl lind I]""litil...1 1"'rl!OlIlIel, the fidtl or o t Ie two theaWlll of ...... !esse re,1Co!ll
,.~W'!l of j"fonnalioo obtain...) from I,nsollel'i' of ll'ChnH:-a1 iUlelligt'-,..,... "·.s 1...~",ly negl«t'!d by the i",.. tlrb'tUCC recei..ed b,' Ih u lled Ihe ,·.!u",of
....1'. dl..."OOunled the .... hle of such ",al<'ri.l. In JIlI*n~. .\\though tlte..· "'ere 1101 unmindful of Paeific
:
n.e ~ e_. I. rnemblor III the
tactICal Intelll~t'e from Euro
OOnlnl,,1, nlRnr e.~lt"'I)l,':l or ",,1118bl.. inforn'Kllo" ils .... Ine, RI1 or~..a"iZlltiorl lind "tfort I'RrRlIelin~ ".CCOrdlll~ to Jal'an,·.., mili'.rJ l<!loderll PC;
oI>I.in....1 from I'ri~lH~ril • ..., ,,]10...1\ ;n d.".il. ltnd I hal of the AliiI.'!! is uot 10 b... found in tlte JaIIRUe5e httle use fot P.eific pl.nnin So , ... u 0
the inlpo".~ allad..d 10 Ihi, $OU~. t~her "'ilit....... illtellj~l\cc "'.s obt.ined Ihro!'l ..,_~ ~1"'ICfle
..nh!iOOlf' blIC'4-rolmd On techniqll"" u~. is made b. "!lie inre:.li;alion of the t!:'Chnieal intelli· h I·h·It,\) , ....
'-- .
ltll ... s.minor_~
g I vn-nllny ().:o:.
cleRr in uhibit .\. Th" ualllp]e;l in the uhibil !-"'nce field roO' this "'I",n ....s limiled 10 the char. b. One III.jor .c<m~rlbutiun. Ilo e'·u, .", inth",
Rlw make it ",-idI'1I1 that Illt' imports""" g;""" litter. orgR"i1.ll.t;,,". RlIIl8("()I'" of the ,1"I'"n...se ef· field .of oolllmumCRIIOr\8 imelli " •llcc TI 16 ••
X r)'8 '
, ,. . •
!'ri8Ol,f'I'lI b~' the Japtln_ ...,.,. nOl ";lh<MJt juSt il;.
nllioo .nd tb.t 110; _ I n ! pro..ided • l.tgI' .nd
fon in the fil'ld of .,'i.lion; otlwr "'IIeC(;j ,,·... nil
tloe subject of in,·e;;til,.. . tion~ b..' the .\ir Tl'oChnicll.1
Spl'CI. n,.o mtdli'!euce !lectirn, . _ ,.
Cun • _v"
u".nder Oz" .-••• n""mb!ot of th.t tlN:lion, re-
1JI¥ tu
,.. lu.b1~ .m<)llllt Qr infonnal;Qn. hltl'Jlib"'llCe Gro"I).nd by S"..yT~hnie.J ;\rlll6ion
J '<]'" n.
9. R~po~/s From AUluhis Ab~o..d c. The AI'm}""" ..frOl·t WU' centered ill Ait Gen·
...\nny and ~."} alt.~1Je;j .nd thlei~ &$osanu. eral IIe."kl".ners. TQkro, .lId tlireclctl by. li...n·
II.lI "'ell &Jj dil,lOOlatic "'l're*JlIatj,'e1 .bl'Qlld ae· te"."1 colonel. .\!'tual iu.·e;;ti~"lion "'as done at
credited to the Jap.neS<! Forei~'11 Office. are lumped Taehikaw.. Written reports On Allied .. itt·taft
to/;tlhe~ hoe", u a part Qr th~ illlelli"",,\Ce 1';eW..... ~i"ed from "ariOIlR SOUI"C('S "hroad (Germauy,
Ind~. u far as Ihe ~a...'· "-&$ O<JI'Io('emed. the Al!il'(lll'oChniealmagnillf$. ,""c.) "'ere digel;ted.t
Mresideotlt o~r- $rsteffl ~ oco:upi@d au impor1· T<>Ir)'oand pa.s!le<;l on to Taehik....·•. Cnsh intelli·
ani nieh.... alb...it of u...ghgible "al"", during th~ j..",nce "'as perfonue<:l b.•' t!:'Clm kal officei'll aSlli,/!"lle<l
...ar (pa.rt VI). dO\\'11 to lIi,-isi"" len']: reliults or field exam;n.·
b. Th~degreeor coope"'lion loet........ n diplomatic tions "'ere!lent to Tokru he.dqu.rtel'll ill wtiting.
rep.-nt.tit·....Ild Illilil.r,. .Itadlfti ..as not hipl. and fqnipnlellt fO\JIld ...u fo...... n1e<:! only ... hlen
IlttQnling IQ ~lat"'lIlents or Jal'.u~ famili.,. ,,-ith ""llll'$lfd.
both catCb'Qr;tS. Tlte .sel·'·;ce I'ersolllid ~Pl'ellr~~! d. The)\ a "~- or·l,.'R uiznt ion likewise \\'a~ eeute.....1
j ... i<MJJI of Iheir Ilrel,.'(lrath~ in lloe mililal'}' ill for· in :'>'",',,1 Air 1I....t"'uart ...n, TQkJo, and Ihe actual
nlatioo Mid. :\Ir. s.;,~. for m."y :<eal'8. 101' noern· ..ork e:lM'ieoll Ollt b..· the First S ....I .\it Tl'oChnica1
bu of tbe Foreign ~. S11J!:l-!""t" Ihat tl .. 10'" .\roell.l.t Yok""uk.....hlere t!:'Chnic..1 inlelli.L'en~
""tate of int... llil"'tK1l ill ,1"1'"11 W"$ "due l.rb'CIJ I" W:lR" ~"II:ltc",1 dill)' rOI' thol;(l etl~ab....O(I in dtl\'elop-
Ihe suspicion or .\nu..' alld ~." .... U.eMil of the illg ,1"IJall~ .irc... rt. Lole in Ihe WBt, howerer,
diplOllwi.e agents abroad.- ou Ihe OI-Ite'r h.lId.
Comnl.nder Miyauki of lhe- S ....I ~'"' ... I Stalf
. _.11 unit Qf 3 oII'lt'el"S .nd 12 to H men .....
n ... te<:1 soJ~I)' for teelmical an.h-~is of AUie<l.ir·
"at plans depUlment. OOUIll,,", wilh the !late· emfl. The ~""Y lIl"de iIi! OWt; in\"O!ilt;galion lIf
ment Ih.t ",ports rrom Ihe Foreign Offit... ~""'l'" pIa lit'll w'hich c....she<:l in 110... Homeland. but urep!
u!!elesti • • • in Ofll'ntion.1 I".nnill/!"- anti for oue t~hlliC1lI IIli.ltii"n 10 Bunna /!ath' in Ibt
-h.d no mililal)' ... hoe .. h.~r.- "'0'. relie<:l on Ihe ",port" of lhe Anny f;r infllC'
c. .'iot"';thst"ndin¥ this intnfamil,· hiatus, it lIl"tion Otl plRIlc;l capture<:l or found elsewh........
~1Il9 elut IhAt eon.·ide.... bJ'" illtelJil-'tnrt or mili. .... Durill/! thll COllrfie of thll w.r l the JapfonllS!
!.ary r.hoen.me to Imperi.1 Headquart~'"through captured. !'-WE alld "n A-20A, ..-hklt ...ere tl'>l'
r.
RfSTRJCT£D
"
 lAP INTEL
JAP INTEL
RESTRICTED
a, SllldclltS, 01' e"'1110.\".'\1 of com"'e . I fi
"t('<1 0" slIlJ,;idi",~l 1'1' tl 'J
VI. SPECIAL SERVICE ORGANIZAnONS
" ' 'e WH1' th" S80
, Jurlllg' .
/"Cia 'n"S"'I",r.
,e, "pHlle&; '0""<mmrn1.
0111)" in ,\sin ,,'ull ti;.., ~,ppcared '~l the slIrfJl<:e III the field.
1
In ""me , _ ," .,-" A
,. . • ' "~,"", na1 _ _
a:
to the area oo'ltolmed. n.gular AI'IQ1 olIll:w 'leW
~de 01' bet h·rto ol'j,...nill8 and l"CIllDIaJKl 950
_
defined. re III Ihe roles I'tel·iou.~l)· an, Im."enal clnh.n appointeell who had . _
iug t" Hc,'" .\<I",i,""l T"",iok"l it, w",' l'hltl~ olli-
I. t,,'rpdllrt;oll
a. lk-yll1ld Ihe "'''I''' a",l n'''l''IJl of .J,'l''''''''''''
("'r. lh""l!hl lh,' Alli,'s 1",,1 "",nn" liflh ,'"lu",,,isl"
",' ~l'ie," ,." Oki"aw" I"'i"r '" <l1I1'l"ndinl-'8 the,,';
d..." l'<lI'U,.!1l ""'OIl"I....f mrsterr enshroaded
Spe<:;l,,1 Sel'l
k ,"," J
,c.. 01'g"mzlIli...n5. .,',
\060;: "'ho dared
the
up ramlly, lI.me .n<1 idenlity for the
.l...ng wilh Ihe:;SO e!llllmander to hill7='.
6elll. BII~ once tlwre loe wos free to e~ 1M
w:
II

A"",." ,,,1\1 ~a"," "lWI'"lion"l iutdli/!Plll'<', which "w,' e""lIht ~Ol\le ~"~l",el"'," I", ~"id. "bllt we WeI'" spell ° l.ltI "1''''', ... ri''lhefielll f
did $0 "L lhu I'isk of HrresL .\ . on 'attnHtler,
1
Lul~ (If IllS org,"i~.ui(", from the Japanl'tll! .nd
has ~II lhe fncal I",i"t .-.f Ihi. ~tudy. lhcl~' "X· 1",1 "h\l' 10 d('lenninc C<'lldu"iwl,. tllntthe.'" wei""
ne,.er "sked Tokul11u K"k""""' . nn)' I~eadquarterll natn'e population in lhe area and to 0'''' n I.e
i.t('<1 an inl,.icate "nd ,;(>In"wl,," f"lmlous sy.telll .'"<l1l1' "gents.'· A""t\wl' Gell,'I'al St"ff ollicel~ .. o1'all)'lhlngll·. I helln"'61. 'r- ..
of int.. lli~",n(... cmbncillll "01 0111.,' lhe ",ilil''''.'· COHlull"ul.... l",,,i. Hl"mOCI' of th.: i,th _'Iin" of but asked the areR al'lllV for· f . I .eet y,
urea al'II'" weul. t T k' I!~ or'nBllOll; If the J3) !lro.dl~· "ketcbed. lhe lICOpe of Tokumu
bUl "Iso Ihe polilic"l. COllIUWI..,i"L ,,,1<1 c1Ill",'''\ lhe illtl'lligcllce d~l'artHlC"I_,bsel'Vl'(l that "in . ° 0 umu Klkall Toki(l he d
'1""'1el"5 look<.'(1 theot!>cr Wal' .,",.' . a - K,kan III lhe "r",~· <:<.>wred e5l'ionage and intelJj.
"spe<:ls of e--pioll"fi'e "lid ..."",lcr-c,pion"ge. lheOl'Y. tIlt' r. 1;. nwl\",d (g"crillas, ctc.) ill the "' , •' HS altItude "'as ~::~ce. prol>l1g&.nd.B: .nd liaison with .ud wper.
b. The n\D~t "l'I'","('1ll O\1'lIa"izali01l w;thi" thi~ Philippi"e" is the i,I",\l" n"'lh()(l of obtaining in· e:l1'l'll~ to I '" extf"l
11 . • ,Ihut fe'" knell'" '10 {(elltn)"
"' " of , 'Oil of the pro"l_1Gna,1 01' puppet go,'ernment in
,.I.stem ""as th"t c1nakel1 in lhe a,nbign"1IS tillil of tcHi;.."",,,,,e, ,ose e"gnb.. ~1 III I ok"",,, Kikan 1 t'. S ~he Arca coIIC'trnro. F,fth <:o1~Rln dUli"ll inyoh·.
'['"ken A I>lki a J ' 11 lC;<. R)'S
~Special &""ire 0"I-'llni1,alivns"-lhe T"k"'ll\l f. II is Ihe P'"'l>Ore here 10 " ..."mine tl",>'e 00· .! ·lllltil'Sll "ew<p.~pel'JIlnn "ilh " ;ng ~botaj,'C al,,1 colI"ellieml~' ar",n~"'" niuei.
Kikan, "l1miHi'(I1~'" paI1n",. in A,..,,, .hlll)" illte\' call('<l "Spec;"l ~l'I'ice Oq!.II,il,nlinns" ,,,,d rt:lnted lH"ofes.wd
"/\" n'l"na('r II ilh lhe SSO ,,", k
H"'.i"'... r~rll: lent.h.....e':" a pari of 110e a~",nd •..\nn\· officers
li~~IIl."f' fUllctions: and the Kaiglln Toknlll1l B". illlellij......lIl•• "cti,'iti"" ill II." light or thei,' contr;· j ° 1'000,.,1$ wern kept: it was th" rule to pass f"""har" Ith S:-:O "·ork in.Lot thaI lactic~l iutelli_
th" C01lo1e"-p,,,"1 II-hi.. h '''IXlI·t('(ll.'" llJ<i,ll'(l SOU" butio{l to ",ilit",..\" "lD'I'aliolllll inu·\lij,,,,n,.... In- ,," tlte ".",,," of lh""" sec·'."l "f.'em~ 10 one's ,IIC. J,,'C~'Cll was ll<lt. a ",ajor dUlY, Although it "as in-
,.oc-e in tlle :-<"n' "mL fl'<>I" an "I'id,'nee. dimin· ,'cst ig"l iOlls of" "'''''' del" i1,,1 n"l II rll h" '"" \.Jo~n or l~'ff$I!r, bllt, of l'('UI" .... Ibis W", """,,,,il11es u"i,_ ~,.,tnbte thaI $Ollie "I,ould reach the ba,,<.1Jl; of th"
n
i.I .....1 in illlp",·t';"c" ufte,. the wal' hl·g",,·. 0"" ","" bo.ing "",,,I,,cled ill lhe.hl'"nese tl"-"t",, hy the "It'''l ,0".lIr
" '0,.. intelll;onnlh'. f"",rotte ... 'J'" 1113100d'e ::ISO alld be IIB""",l almlg: lith.... >O\ll"t'e!i lend
pa,."nd "",1 ""u""in1l''' l·""nitling h"sis under C""ntH.lnlellil,,,'nl'(> Sloetion. S"l"""'" Co",- lL I'a "'1" ,hflicult fot' thf 11K''' to to"ti""e" eredelll.,,'O Ihis "'-"lement except in doe cue of the
.\1111,1" p"I..,1I1h..."d. Ihe K"",pei 1'ai waS Ihe J"p- """,,1,,,. of .\llivd Fon",,! ill the l':tcitic, "nd by e. The .~"I·~' '1uil",le t",,'al'<I lhe SSO ';'as far Kw"nulllg .\rmy". Tok"",u Kikan. "'hi,h Will a
a'w-e G".I,,1'0 wh""" dllli,,~ "S IIIilit",.y polite ,.all """"e{'ll1~"'e lh"" thnl of tIll' .\1'111)". ThQ!lll in the ",aJ01' 1lO1Il'\>e of nil fOrl'l! of illlelli~''''l''' about
"thel' illlel'f'-ll'(l "ge"eies.
I he lIan"ll fr...m discipli"e 10 sp.\"i"g. G"ne,',,1 St"IT "nd in olh"" ker Jlositions ...1><.. WeN! Itll",ia.
2. 7'Qklll/1t1 Kika/l "lid 7'okllmll Btl '1"Ciit 1.0"etl "00111, TuklllllLl llil r.dl iLited eith~r <:om· (4) Inn."lnuchuit isin'l""""ibl.... we:<a''''''e.lw
c. The;;<: ol'l!a"il,,,' ions We,'<l ""nfined. d",.illl!
n. The "etil'ilies of tl", J"P""l>Sll .\"'''y·s To· I>letlllgllol·~"ee orS1"died s"rprioeaOoul the whole One .\nny Tokumll Kihn arid 1.bel il as n-plc.i.
th" w~r. '" Ihe Asiati(' ll",atet· of ope"8Iions: th"
Spl'Ci,,1 Sen'ice Oq~"nization~ wel'e 1""np~nL ill
k""," Kik,,"-a,,01 its n'IXlI'll'(l Nal'.I' «jui"aletll, moHer, . Ther~ is e,·idence, howel'er, thnt a ~a"Y those Oil "'h;eh delailed infonnalion is a"~ilnble
TokllHlll nll-wel'C "" tll'xible n.' Ihe tille i"",lf: S~O eXI,;;led III '·Hl'i ...us (orms-resident ofti~rs. will be outlilled Mre ,,'ith I'lllph.a:;i! on Iheir r<!la·
.\1"nfllll,.iH. Chin". BIII·m". nnd the Philippine,;,
Sp.'Cinl So'!'\'ice Orl!""il,,,ti"ll ,,,. Dep",·t,,,ent. hi Wireless Illtellige"l-e. ete-----t.lll nOl on the 600fIIl of tionship 10 OIM!l1lt;onal iut»!lil:""""-
",,,I the Kempei in the lIomeland and the l'a~ific
IIsal,"', tl,.. lenUS stand f",' ''''.I' "rg,,,,il,,,tion thaI I h~ A rl~)"3 ori!'",izat ion, There is a lXlSiibiEly it 11. K!C<JnrlJ"9 .lrmy.-1·M BtnYlcr l'<ltroJ
""II Ie wn'..... Th"ir e"l\I,·i\.t"livlI to ",ilit"r.'" 01"
is ('",.rying ol,L speei"l work for the militn")' lIel·I·· ex,sted III Ihe Ka"~' 0" " wide SCa!li prior to the (I) 'l1'eou,"landin~esa"'ll1eof O(leralioll.l in-
erali'>lIal in'elligent'" with I"'ganl Ie the uniled lelli~llce l'"r(ortlll'(1 b,l· the Tokulllu Kihn "as its
ices wi,hoOlI nclll"ll)' bei"!;:,, formal 1'arL of the """', bllt "fl"" Pe"d Uarbol' it II'""" minor <:on·
St"le. wa. ~ negali,'" fado,..
d. Fal' mOre nebnlous wer~ lhll ~"OlIntless "I'eSi- ",ilital'r f,.,.Iflework: this sped"l work "'''.I' bt sidel'Mioll, work "'ith lhe KW,"llltIg _\mlJ". Til""', on the
",ilit"r.\" l!o,'el'lllllelH o,.liaioon dllties, "",1 intelli. 1", ler of a nalion ....ith "'hon' .n "~""'J' 1"'''''
d,,"ts abroad" in (lfilei"l ",. comlllel~i,,1 cApaeil.~·. 3. The Army SSO I "t.\" uisled. Tok"mu Kikan .... lilllllli~hed """'I
wilh 01' withoUI p<.lrl folio. who eOllll'ilJlIl"d nO liL- g.'nce ",ar he " fllll-li",e mis;;ion ",. " collateral
a. LiailJon, Incident" InlclligNU16 of ils nonn.l dlll'e,; of military ~.....-en""I'''~ to
tIe weight to the lheo".'" lhm el·e".'· ·J"I",nese wa.~ ,!!SUe.
bctome the pr'neip"l '1l1eHig<>nce nllil for lhe
an undercol"\~_r al!etH of Ihe F",..,igll Olliee. Sud, b, p,.ior 1o tll" l'eal"l Had",,· n"ack. thu SOO (1) Ol'g,wi.,nlion Htld ncli,·itie. of Ihe Toku",,,
,\r",~'. al,,1 chall~...1 it" name as well, a,.;;umillj;
w"s lhe ·'.IIpl·el"e ,"'th,,,.it.~· fo,. a\\ I'ollg-r",,),,/, Kikan in the Japanese .-\rm.,· "aried ~teQrding 10
a thllQ"~' is noe of coUr>('. lta_l on fllm"s)". Thll .l.><><lllhree y""", a~«llhe t;11e of Jobobu (,mel·
inlelli:,renee "dil'ili,~s of II,,, Jal",nese j..'O,'enl· the ,,"en in which it waS w(lrking. Thecharacter
J~panese phil<""-'l'h.,· of inlelligence is S\leh thul lige'lC'C depal'lmem).
me"t," a"conlinl! to " sp,'Ci,tl ,.ep.!r! nf tIll! ehie J of its Olle,·"t ions ,.~ried "eeording to the character
the utlde ....·O\'el· liChoo\ was m"re highly reganled (2) Il~ ~ otlicf:....nd n",,,,,,,,,"I\'"'5;on..1 m""
.-.r ('o""h'I·_ln!ellil!.. n~e, GI-lQ. ,\l,'PAC, is''llr<! of ita commanding ollie"'''' Oftfn the Tolrurnu
and trIO ei.-ilian>, in Ih~ ,... nt",1 otlil... al lInrbi".
Ih"" Ihe opel"Ali"""l melhods "s we IIndersland
Ihem. There "-ere \\"~tern<!-rs And I'ro·Jap"ne511 2OAlIg",Ll~H'" This l'<'I'OI'I,,,lsoeredits IheSSO i Kikll" might not lJp",. Ihal exacl IiI Ie: su,,,eliIlH'lI
it w".~ kilo"",, .i",pl\· "s Kik"n pr,~:.-,"<'d b)" thf
phI> :l', "ili",,,,, n'hl ""n,~"U~ a"tI -0 ci, il i,,"._ '" I:!
._ymp"lhizcI'8 of olll.... mee;< ...ho lIdded c,.etle"te Wilh beiHg the ,,"deus fo,. ,t widll network of I '''Ulle of the arell in ~'hid, it, epfrnted or the n.",e
I1rallvh ,,1Iiee<. had lh" ,..me "PInel..." ,.,.lnl i(lll~hil'
age"ts thl"QlIghout the wodd in the period ffOll' with .\n"~· (t..".",llt"",I'I"nrle"" in Tok.,·olll ,").
Ill;!. to 11l~1.
t... this philosoph.\". of the m"l1 i" conu"and, and ilOmetimllS as nell .
<!-. Becallse of Ihi$ f""ling. il is noLst,·allg.1IJ'HL : el1l1'r T"km"u Kikan :(il1(,! k"",,' lhe~' ,,·.,.,.Ih".....
rakll BII (li"ison deparlment) or some himilar in· bill "eith"r '"I... r,.,~1 "or work",1 ,,-nh Iheir Or·
•mlle J"panese militar.'· leaders, i" rt..-:ogni1,illg c. Thel" i$ no ot her IlI'idelll"', howe"el', to con'
"l'Cl. Ihe SSO with 10ng-I'''''!'''Il illtelligenc~ Qr with
nocuous nomenclature. ~","iznlioll.
Ihe "'C~~'" of ,\meriu" mililal1' intelligence, (2) nut it ~ms clear there <Va! nO dil'l'tt ron·
Allribuled ~uch SU~-ee>;ll to mdho<ls lher Ihem· the fOI~ig" ab,,",l!1s opemtin~ under lhe b'l.lise 01 trol nt T(lk)"o high <:(InnMnd le"cl eXc<'pl \(I :leud
f31 Th" 1.i"..'z.f.i,.,. p"litr 10wa"llhe ~SO i$
""Ivell ide~lized. The Kal')" GfnerRl Staff, accord. lIssiSlR"ts or clerks ill eonsuh,tes and elllbusit> RESTRICTED

RES'fRICTED
 lAP INrEL lAP INTEL
USTIlICTED
_ntM in • "'1>011. on Tolmmu Kikan i!ll'wd by $plllrN H_Q/\ ,pia (100 ..-ere taken in 1941,
IhllJ.p.n_ War llonioolrr .llhe I"!quetof SC.\ l' foru.mpll!), interro~lion of ... hom m~e it"ptlI-
lIible to _ _ tllll llituBlion of thl! Sonet ,\no,. -"'lI,ha..·"..--t,ndwrt"-lIIIm' " Lilli
.nd Inn!l.h~1 b,· ATIS. or orden i.\lllied Ule ''''1_,".'1':0'. fJrlfln'ut"....,.., I~ . . . . .
Kw.ntung S50 illlaYll: prelly denrly"; (d) ~ll1,//O.pef', mag~i1\IJl,4nd
caplKNd dOuunOC,II" Dnsl~'il Kl hell(llluRI'l.CI'lI. rl"'",.14 "''''.''....1 II,. """', ."" .ft ......
"Although 0 ...", ,,·u.n orller from Gnnd ~1I1'
(7) Sel('t:lioll of llf:fjOnnel to Ilf:rform lhllllt
'''I J'l'lt_ .It"f,r,. "'~",I ''''-I _ilb . . ~
Ill'ri.a1 Iltadqu.tten to t.I~ K.... nlllllj( .\mIY re- un}'t tlln"'W' T"l<u,",u K,h".
~nhllJ: lltrK-t obetrTation of dill RuSlIo-Jap.ne!!e dllti.., ilUlOf.f u the military ...ere llOfICllroed, .... 1'1 .\ltlO<ill~ no "'~ ...I_ .......1 _ <>f",
Seulnilly "ad, the nature of lhe ordtr l)r_ntM from J()llOl~ oftkel'll from the Acadf,my or from "'mlnl""".., f,f '1'"",,,,,,,, Kd.." in " ,"" It> J.
to Ihe Intelt'I."l'IICfl lIurt"" (llie: Tokm,,,, Kika" IhOlll! in th" KW.lIt"ng ,\rmy wilh It hill"h deg~ .,~ 0J .... 1"'''.1 ".'.Ihlt""l.... r.u I"p ",..tp on .::
Or .Iollobu) by thll Kwantu,,/.: Ar",y ill unterlain. of jtlteJlig~nrtl Bud a knowledge of Soviet .IFHit&. I..... Hf """nn.I,,,Ol f"rtl""~"ill¥ fn_ thp J.
Ilo...e'·"r. il illl're!U'r>e<1 1.1'.1 lhe K..·.nlunl; A.rnIY Training ...... 1 Shinkio, htAd1lu.rt"l'll of lhe " , - . II ,. . .If HlI"hl Ih.t tllP ",..,tril"";,,,, . :
.ll!O ""e Ull! .bu,"" onlen 10 the Inl"lIiS"'.- Se"· K... ntulIg Am,,.. UnifortJlll for milit.ry Ill'r. -OI1h.-I"Io-. An ' ...~OllZlt_ ...,1.1, .. lrDI. boW
;""I)u.-n." IIOQllel _re optio".I, df,lll'lIding 011 thl! job of the ....er ''''1'1'''' (1",_ Q ........"*,,,11' I<> _ . i
n.lI'","" '
(4) 11,., Ihl! TokunlU Kika" in K....ntung ..... momeut; civilimn .1,'llll'i1 neo'er "ore them. ........, ..."') b.rT''''umu K,kan ...ould"
in f>let llH! intel1i~.,.nee or"''llni~."tion of the Kwan. (8) lkilpite it~ lil.'OI"', lhe intdligenCll ~i"ed 1,..,1' Intlp In",I.oI. no findUllotout hal ..... in
tun~ Annr. [email protected]"yLieulenant Colollel ,\.J!ai, from thil organiT.Dlioll WS8 "noL neRrly SIlLillfae- "f l"'I>I~·t .J'" .nd ..,... Th ulodoo~
• GHQ 1It.1I" intelligt'11Ce 08br f.mili.r ...ilh ill tory," if Lieuten.nt Colo",,1 Asai'lI Ol,inion "an Le li:uod _ . f'''lloe .1111"'1. '" I!oe ,\rm, ~ I
...ork, ill by no IMaflll hud to undf,t!I.nd. Long t.kfOll for thai of Army Gene...1 "l!tIdqu.rtera, ""a' 100,." w"h ~...,.... iJI ,JIhp,. -.
before Pelrl H.rbor, the J.p.nese ,\ m,y oonctpt ...here he .peci.lized in So.. iet inlelligt'noe. For 10 ,Ill' TulIA"ul K,ru.. di,..,J .. f ,nf_l"",
"f .dion "'u war with R"lIlIia; Ar."y intelligence th~ record, he offcred Ihi~ as .n llIIlimate ba5eo:l on OOl tIll"f<!_ O... l"OIIl.... nd'"l! ~nl of I~.~
reportll of lhe K ,,".. utuug SSO: That lhe Soviel W ~l II Rfroo" tntrll,lIt'lire IOOUn:a .... ilahle to
&cli,'itiell were OOIl<Jenl"lIe<;1 toward lhat concept, hun. ~
.nd. illO:l'N5ed I'lIU.ertJ,.n c1iminialJed .fter hOlll.i1i. "'ould 1.'0 to w.r .~'llinBt. J.l'nn ill lhe e.dy part
."otII~: Lia"",. /"1'1. .0-..1.........
tirlt began in tI.el'.dfic:.
(:i) In ita K...."tung role. lhe Tokumu Kika"
of No'·en,!.ler 11)411, based on de"el0JllD""ta .t the
1'00l1d.1tl oooference .nd 00 mo'"f'.nenu Ilnd dill·
,-. d. Tit;

(Il l.litt.ailo of ,be '1'........ K,ru.. 1>M:tllre~"

furnished Army Genel'lllll""Oquartel'll ...ith. eon·
tinuoUll flow or j"f"rll,atiou "u order of hmtl<!j
I_it ion of Sovif't lroolll .Ioll,!!: tI'e border; th.t
the blow ,,"ould come nonh of VIBllivoe!ok, alld to fade ,n t.Ioe "
0'1101'.
them""_ of J.I"n·~ doani.
l<lrenl.,,-h, lind dillllOfil iOIl of Soviet fol'l:'efl, .nd in· thol the &wiel hod ",80(1 a;rcrl'fL ready for UllI!
• gainllt J.p.n. l2) I" Huntl•. "'" ,\nny Toku"," K,lun .
lellipnor 00 num.' intt:rn.1 mlu.tion. TIlll flow .lIy Ilf"adqn.r1e~ '1 Ra~ _ _ ..
.as not ..i. lIited d1allMlL Printed reporU _re e. eM... : (lour_etlIIIM fJ4fomuJiw..
kDoWII .. the Ka..... ilDa y_. -.imeI ..

-
IlUIde by Ihe K ...."lung Am,,. u" lhe balIil of (I) 1'hll role of Tokumu Kikan ...ithin CJlina
l,[,n..." K,.Iun .... Ki.lun Kwn. 1lw I.tter •
Tokumu Kibn iu,·est.igntion, .1 ... eekly .nd proller can he divided into Ihl'll'l pluUll'llI. Al lhe
~"'leI "Jenulied ..."b tboo J.lla_ :s...,.
UlOtllhly inte..·.I! (jURt prior to OOlnlllcle break. outlle.l, wheu 110 JOpHll6llO fOnl('ij "'erll prcl;6nt U. nlf'r~ ..'ere tlunoel'l>Wl otl..... K,.Iu". tm!leJl.ia/oed
down of rel.liOllR wilh nu.-i., Ihe ...eekly report
..... -,"ppl.ntl!d by a lo-day report.). Other BpOC.
reporte of lIignificance were Ment b,. radio from
K.... ntung Army Headqu.rten, eilheron the buill
<Jept IhOlle On garriJiOn duty, ita dutiCll "-ere pri·
m.ril,. thOle of eolle<:ting ;ntellige.rIC<I! througb
...b.tenr KUl!e ...u _ r ) ' . After the "Chi...
i'lO:ident" in 1937, the SOO in Chin.. "'''l!ebarr<J.
tf) '10016 Ihe Wor Ministry, "with the ,ul>enillion.
..
.·nb if"t'lC"IIl'hi<1ol 11..._ or the III,.... of their

l al1MJ......... W llll,,<C..... ~t~

llared for SC.\I' ~1 1t a<1mUf'o IInde.. Ooe
of inform.timl g.thered indcpcndently hy the head of "000.. 1.._ "rnntUuun in tI I'ro..;.
Tokwnu Kika". or ill I'll6IIOIl!lll to rcque6ll from • id, aud I,twinl of the fll'lll"(! l)I"l.'lIen'lltion org.m ~ion.1 Indf"IIPrnlJ.nt I ndi." Govtmllltl\t, ith .,,,
R

AmlY Gent'... 1 l1eatMlu.rtet't; 6Ut:h nllf~' ...ere (.lId) .irllult.nooUJily • • • ...ilh lhe oollec- pronm.l..l... 80 ol'lio<er-o.nd <:I h."" bad",&: lip
noc. .dd_1 to llll! Tokumu Kika". but 10 tllll tion of inlelli~rIC<I!matt:ri.1s.- In 11»2. under 1M Illf' ' l-"qu.n """_ tht I brandt ,,",.
Arm,.. . "Buie Policies '1'0....,,1 Chin." direeli"1! of ",JI· ' " i i i In 31&1.0 Tba,laM. a"d 5a,~ /0...1,.
«(I) Soun:el of infonn.tion lItili~cd by the ltdminilltntion (i. fO.I)UPlllll goo'enllrlcnL), theSSO -h,,m·"llk"'&:"ial,,~ _ere uhcll.Ud i" 0 J.,,,
Kw.nlunA" SSO wcre (a) t'l'joruWe, "'hieh gradu. IlO"'ed ouL of the picture H~ Tokulrlu Kikan,onl, ._lIjrol'll".... horh ...... med • hPadqlUlr1e illt.l.
.Ily bo!eame rnt.rictlld .111>0"1 totall,· to the M.n. to ",'Clller as Ikn... kubu (Ii. ilIOn dellllrtment). h,.'I!,ltlI' """"on of 4 ~'" .Ild I f,vili.Mo)
(4) ,\1 IN", :, K,k......... tdPn,jliNl in .Ioe
"bumo Bide of tllll border; fb) ~io>t from HutTokumu Kikan rem.ined the beliI..kno..-n litlt.
lIunna. or;' 11wm. arN I,), Soutll .~ Am
bigh poinh .Iong till! eo''''ellif:ntly I_led bordt:r (2) On the buill of ..·.il.ble infontlliion. it
railroad.nd .Iongthe h.rbord08ll to \'I.dio·n6!ok· Comma...1 .nd Ind.. C_1Id '" 'b W~,. In.
would be i.ullOe8ibie to eetim.te the numbf'r of 11116· It!l,FO""'" SOOm....ry' :Sf), IN of' '\1'"1 1m.•1.
lllM'h ol.r'·Blions, .~rdillgl0Licutenant Colonel lary and civili.n~engtlged in SSG ...ork in Chiru. 111""1:11 'I "'"""'''' I__,b" Ih_ roul<! bt oll"·~hoob
Asai, "'el'll "of~n oollsiderOO "dlkien' ou ,,·I,ieh
to form. judgment u to IlUllli.n intention*"; (e)

lUSTRJCTED .
It functioned, all eleewhere wilhout e.)tllrol ftolll
Tokyo but under lhe oollt.:ol of the Area .o\r'IlI1,
.. of. ""'''Iral orgatl;utjon.
IlESTkICTEO
JAP 1HnL JAP INTEL
lICCP.nted in ,( report 011 Toknmu Kikan iSllued by ca"tW'~d llrl~ti/.ln
.pie. (100 were taken in 1941,
"ith T"kmnu Klk"" Ill1i,. I
for example), inlerr<l/:"I ion of whom made it "poa.. fl' nllll~ltd;rl'd I
theJapanese WilT :\11111_11')' IItlhe request of SC.\ P ~nl "" 11''''.1" >l1·'"i,.... di-'i,io,," '. 1II e]lenl. "''''''' t.. hatt i,I(" 1. rath.r tI.an diminilhed,;t.
Iud tnIl$latl'd b)' .\ TIS. Of orders issued the &ible to 8 _ the 8itllnl;on of the So,'iet Anny hri~'ll(h'''' AI di.i,i"" . or ltIdtll('rnl
. .a"d "'d~]"'"de"l
t ,._, 1Il1I1<1n.,>l't". Or,!!." I a"d lI1~rnal ............
pretty e1early~; (d) ,,~u::'pap"., msg~if\U, lIoIcI
K...mung SSO it SI.)1I:
coptv.red ii_,Ull" .nalr~ed at headquarte"-
Iner. II ('01""1'1 a"d lieu,
.
Il...aclune'll of from II t a:.
'"'I ..... g..le
e'Unt ookmell .,.~
r Ift,....., lbe
d ..... Il'I~ ",,,.. ine'" d, .ft.,.
"Il'. 1"'1 t1w .......
"Although lMnl 1I"a;; an order from Gnnd 11,0- 110 J.lla'_ .~) '"" ~t deal .,1h 1.Iw (1,;_
l~ri..l Headqulntn to t1.. K....ntuIIg .\mlY re-
(7") Selection of per;,(l{lnel to perlonn these ci,-ili."" in fool' ,;e,.1i~1 ,1'1l1."ttd ""'" Ind ex""I" tl'"",/:h Tok"m. Kikan
jtllnling suicI obser..ation of tht. Russo-J.pan_ dUlie&, insofar as the mililary ... ere concerned,"'as m~llt !illl""n.....-oIlO>ll;P ."d m't'I.'tratn·... jtU'·em. li) .\ltl,..>U,,-h no l'<Illl'lu.",," 'e'>aluuiun "f tIw
Neutrnlity Pad. the nature of the order l)re;;enled from JOlin!:' officers from the Ac.demy or from ~n~. Tloe latter ""I",i 'led I'" 't,,,I.•"d "'telli. "'''''"!HIlI''''.,, T~,k"",,,K,k." in a.",. 10 J.p-
those in the Kwanlilng AI111}' with n high degroe il Iv IONdi~ted Ule". ' of oue lJellh'tI.llt alltl
1<) the Inl~l\igence Durell" (sic: Toku"'u KikRfl ~"- 01'"roIIOlI81 '''rf'1l11·''''I.... r.n l.o:o In.de Oil 1.Iw
or J(lhobu) D)' the KWllntllng Arm)' i8 uncertain. "f intelligi'nce and a knowledgtl of So,"iet nffaira (;1) Fuucti.. u~ of Ihe Chi"" 8,"0 . ",'1, <If ",r'mu.'",,, f"rtlll"'''llllj:' fro", Ihl' Jap-
llo""E'n'r. it is pre;uml'(1 thaI Ihe K·'. .. lltung Ann}" 'l'l1Iining was at Shinkio, hendquartertl or the Lieutenllnl C"lo",,1 Y.m zal.· . ":':~'''''"g h' a,_. It, j,f'lf-endeut tlo.t tllt' "'''llriOOIl.... l ....
al'Ol gnt thfo .bo,'f! orders to the I llttlligt'1lCf! Sen'- K,..anlull/: Aml~·. I,;niformll for militar}" per. -, ' . II "'. "le"'....
C lin. -.1'Oll of .\rnll" Geul'rai <-". II Ihl' r of .·ortll.I"If.. An IIrp.uiulinn wJlh OS liml a llOld
~ 8u,,"u," sonne! 'lfere 0l)l.ional, depending on the job of tbe ' . ."" IIl1"r~
~'ere 10 .•"'.>llhe .\mly in ~'-~",ing the ).I'1ll\1la: (1,,_
<1\"er ''''llJ.oe1 ~,Ie"" ....rkl.ll,!! 10 relDain in
(f) Thl.' the Tokllmu Kikan in K....nlung as Dlom~ut; ci"i!ian agenlJ! ne.-er ,,'ore them.
~ 100. to moure food and n""llkal tare for tIl<!' "inl. II. ~"-~ '-..-enjo,td by Tokama Kikan .....Id
in fact the intelli.!-'I':na- orpniulion of the K an· (8) Despile ils SOOI~. the intelligence reeei"t<\ I.. ,~ IJ1t1Ptrouble 'n finJillj:'OI.II wb.al .... In ra",e
,.n '....!'1I1.1I0tl. utll to obtain iufof1u.ti"ll .. t<l
lnll!! Arm~.. as stated b)· Lieute11l1111 Colonel Asai, flVIll thiii 0'1.'1l"i7.lll;01l was "not nearly 8lIti.l!fae- th.e alt Itllde of 1.11t' people. Thu,.•·hell Tok"mu uf !"'I'!>I'I "."I!!>' .nd ear<. ThL, ..... undOl.lbtl'dh'
n GHQ SIIIII' intelligence olliCf!r familiar wilh its 101'.\"," if Lieutenant Colonel A8a;'8 opinion eall lJe Klknn cllllnged Itg IBlilIl' in 19~" ... '•., ~JOII telI":')II for the ottitode "f rl~ .\nlly Gell<!'....1
"bee . . ~""''', I", pe_nllel • '81f• .. llIrh...~ \l'llh J:oi:-()., in ot.her am.", was not.
work. is b,· no 11Iel1ns hard 10 understand. Long I8ken for that of ArlH)' Gen<;ml Hendquart<;rs, 'lime" 0011 of 1I&I>l<>n lloO] btt\l'''''ll Ihl' J.,II..
... here he 511ecialized ill So,'iet intelligenc:e. For to .ok t)1<!' T"kumu KJka" dirwll,' for illfon'''lion
bi!fore Pearl Haroor. the Jipanellll Anny eoneept n'-"if' 8nd the Chinl"'<! lroof"; friendh" to them."
Ihe ~rd, he offered this as all esl.imate based on hut to req_ the ron....Ddiltt: l-;",1ft'1l1 of the,,~
of.ction 'lfu .... r 'lfilh RU!:l'>;.: Ann,. imelligenee and perfonlled Illlht.rJ ~"(I"f'n""""'t f~nel~
reports of Ihe K'lfantung SSO: That lhe Soviet to ~ II -f....., in~l1t~ _l'l'Jl!I uailalHt t"
...,ti..ities "'e~ roneelltnlled to.... rd lhal ooroo:ept, (4) A funber di.;cu",;ion "f Tokumu KJkan duo him.-
.nd incrnsed nther thn dimini.llhed dter ho&tili· would go 10 war againM. JaJ-n in Ihe early part ties ill Chilla 'lfll.il obtained from ll.jor General II. T~ __.... ,A. .. lia, .I"il/,..,; ... .J _ i....
tife begsn in the Pacific. of Sovember 19-15, ba.lled on de"eloplIleIlUl at the 1~~J"lIda. ehief of the S.nki"g n... nd. of Tommu tiOlO.
(5) In its Kw"ntung role, the Tokul1\u Kiknn Potsdam conference Bnd on movements and dis· Klk"" Iluder the 131h .\rDl)", ,,'hiell wa, in tUl'll
])osirion of So"iet troops along th.. border; that (I) ~tail~ o,f the TukuDlU Kiko" pictu.... b.gin
fm'nished Anny Genel'll.l UeftdqllRl1el'li with II. eon' ~1",leJ" the China EX!""llitiou"r... l'"reI':. Illl'ic 1',,1. to f"de III the Nutl,en, ~o", of J.pall·S " ..."i.
tinu(ms flo,,' uf inforlll".ion Oil orller of l... ule, the blow would come north of VladivO!ltok, am! IC.'·' ],p 'tal ...., WaS ~t (in hi~ ca~) I". Ihe 13th "."on.
Olrength. and disJlO'Sition of So"iet fol'C'e8, and in· Ih.1 the So"iel had 5,800 .irt:nft ready for use ,\rm~". and if Ihere •.•, dirwli"n fro",' T"ho. he 12 ) t" Ourma. th~\rm.,· Tokumll Kibll._ .
lelligence on Russi,,'s inle",,,l sllu"tion. The fto'lf • gainst Jallan. llror"l6.d i~"lOr&'1Ce of it. TIle main fU~ion all~' heaJquaftered .t Ran..-. _JIDN ......
c. eM...: Goret'llmellt IUld IlIjorm/.lJiOft
...... not ria direct channels. Printed repom ~~
(I) The role of Tokumu Kikan within Chilli
"·.s g'O"ef111nem -I,hrsiall .-elfare of tbe ('hi_~ mo""ll u tbe Kaoruhimo F~. -.:iaw as
m"de b,. the K...ll.I1tung AmlY on lhe !luis of and ""the I'd...,.tion .nd indoctrinalion of the llJDaJlli Klkao or Kikari 1Ubn. ~ lal_ is
Tokumu Kihn im·estigation. al "'eekly and proper can be di"ided into th~ I,hases. At the Chinese:' toOmeIu.,.... "JeIllltied with tIw Ja.._ S ......
monthly imen'als (just prior to oomplete break- olll8el, "'heu no J8I>llUlllll! fort:Cfl w<;re present el· (ii) Out aceoro:hng t" General Harad., the To- TIl<!'re "'1''' Illimerou~ Q(her Kika"" embell~
down of relntiOlls with UIlS!!ia, Ihe weekI.\" report ~1!pt IhU!le on garrisou duty, ils duties W<;l'll pri· kUllIlJ Kikull llIer'el}'!IlIw rhlll rhelM: fuul'Iion~ we.... "'illl A-~"""I,hkal 1l.1I1el1 Or Ihe n.rDeIl of their
...Ilt supplanted by a IO·da~' n:port). Olher 9pOl. lllaril~' thOllC of coll\!<:ti"g intelligence thrQ<lgh c" ...ied "ut. The Chinese 11OIi~'e .lId the H.lHIUi. leaders.
reports of gj~'Ilificance were lienl. by radio from whatever JnIi!!e "'as uec:essar~·. A fler the ''China n sl""'i.1 or~..nizarioll of th.puI'II"'( go,·ef1l1nent. (3) 'Il,e Jalll.llfl!<!' W.r )lin~<lr, dol'wnerl\ I,re-
K....ntung ~\rmy HeoodqllJlMers, either on the bub ineident" in 193i, II,e SSO in Chi"a "'as charged. did the act L1al ...ork. ,\.i! to u,!dert"On:r .gff>l......... l,.red for .sc.\ P groul"" "lIC!I _,.-ioe- IlIkIer the
of infonnuion pthered independently by tbe 10 qoote Ihe War :Ministry, "wilh the superrisioD. l'iOlla~. ....nd coullte.......l'ioll.ge. SII) d~ (;,..,eral: ""..I of ~OGr lio_ ....,.,1>Q:u... in IhO' I'n;n-i.
Tolrumu Kikan. or in rt:SJlOIl.-<e 10 requegs fronl .id. and rev;"al of the peace lll"e5er.....tion otgaD' MSO 5'>ch thing "'u done in ('hina (b.v the To- _.IIndf'p.ndPnl l-'ld,an (....-...m-I.~ .-ith.1'"
AmlJ' G<:onenl Heoodqull'tel'li; weh reque;;u ...ere (and) simullaneously • • • with Ih~ collec>- k"",u Kika,,). WI' did reet'j,'e !'<lUI'" inf"rmallOll proumu.ly 90 ~ "lid "i.,I,ao._ headinlt "p
1l0~ addJl.'8!le(I to the ToklllllU Kik"n, but to the lion ~f inlettlgence milieril"s." In I!H2, lInder tho of 1.......11>1" lIIilir"r~ '·alu. from tl~ p.... feet" ...l lhe ~ hMIlIqU.rt~"" -.-Ii....., .nd .t.. 3 branrh bu.
Army. "BaSIC Policie~ Toward Chilla" direcl;"e of sell· ImJllchl'<l, lhe 1'"lit"" ChillC'l" people • • ", ..... ,,~ in M.I.y. Thail.nd. ami Sai~. (0,,1\'
(6) Sollreelll of inform.lion uIilized by the .dministration (i. e. !lu,II)(!l.go\·erlllnent), theSSO Thl" t'"I'" ..f i"fol'IIlIl'i"" 1 glH "'as thl' kiud Ih., "hij...j,-ra"ki,,1:' (llIici.I~~ "ere I"hulued in the J.l;'
K....ntung SSO "'ere (.) upiolUl9t, ... hit:h gradu. bo... ed oUL of Ihe picture Ilt Tokumu Kikan, 0II!y lie'le':"l lbc,\nh"r is "0'" gellill~-1he .Uih!de ."1'.'" fijrll ........hith rouJl1~ a hfoadq".n""" iutel.
of Ihe peop..... thl' _'I'""ll.lIon of the !Hole.--. .nd Ii~.- ON:Iion of ~ nd ~ .. i.-ilia$.)
.lly bK:a~ I'tiit.rieted .Imost tollllh' 10 lbe M. n . 10 ~Dler as Renraknbu (li.illOn department).
the aeti,·it,. of oor O'lfll Army. f(C. 1",l"tlr.mlh. (4) .\1 ....."1 :, Kikall.' i<letltitied ill lhe
churian side of the bonier: (b) ooH""IIJWJII from Uut Tokumu Kikan rem.ined the besI.kno,,'n tit"
I.r,· malll'rl! di.l nOl ~m III<!' Toitumu K,kall II" (W.~ then!..n. by, th East .\sill.
high points .Iong the COl"'eniently lotllied border
nill"Oll.d .nd .Iongthe h.rbordoee 10 \'ladi"OIiIOk:
(2) On the hlIsis of ....il"ble iuformalioo. ir p.'.,.
.nd 8lll'rehf'usioll of ,pil":! ..... I'u.... l~· It.. ..... (' IDa"'1 a",llndi. ('.........nJ in it!' Woekl" In·
\l'llldd be irul'O!l!Jible tOl!!ltiHlatelhe numberof IIUIi- telh~~ :'-"n,m..·,· ='0.. I~ of II '\I'til ltl.Ji .1·
such observ"tiolls, 8ccording 10 I.. ieutenant Colonel
,URi, "'elll "often eon.llidered $ufficieul. On which
IIIr.\" and civilians engllgl'<1 in SSO work in Chilli·
sibili,," of ,he Chi,,"""'~
(6)' The ll.etalllol·l'hO!li~of Tol;"",,, Kihn inlo lh<>u¢l it _Ill_ I""l"ib" th_ rolll,l be oif·~hools

..
It functioned, liS ell!Cwhl:re. without conll"Ol froPl ,,"Ii.ison del'nrllIlPllt" iu 1142-13, hOl<l"·er. "·",,Id "f 0 eem ...1 o~niurioo,

.
10 fonn. judgment Ill. to Hllsl;;.n ;nlerltionll" i (c) TokJo bUI under the conlrol of Ihe A reo' '\111'1'
RES11lICTEO
IUSTRJCTID
 JAP INTEl,
JAP INTEL
RESTRICfED
by arrcst of "infiltration age.n~s and [sic: Allied]
(~) Ua.>ic dutillS of th~ Kikau .weN "~'O\ld\\ct of fifth columnists' hetr"yed b~' 'dancers '''HI ellieI'.
Kik"ll. TlH' Sun' (850)
l'er,,{'Ij wilh li"i"',;n I"'tw,', ',U
.
prnnarily <:"m·
int elli b... nce warfal"6 ab'llln~t huh". J,Hhan (roops, war "hell il" ~ .....'df1t1 ~n'" rould
I"illers'; L~' intul"<,lgatioll of captured.llir 1""1"""11· " " .
"a"a ""d"'1!" I'arti,o;;,
~U fwmoeh'
·'It ,
and Indians ill Ihe Far }~ast.," Olcconlin!; to St:AC. I,el-'mc" will w ins(n,cle,1 not to kill thelll"i5. .. . 'r,,,,,,., "'lU5'_ . CO<I ' tllf
I hl',v ""II<'I"t"1I i"f"n"",''011. "nd so f "I I'e'r ·re•.
110..""/(1",,,,
, __ lhf .."rId "",,' .. 0flI'I'8I'
"..... 0 ,,''mllI"I rheir
act"-U'<"II." .\.ia. 11,.,....... am Ie .
But inde\*-nden~of action and ;;CO\)l' was the rule "ne,.S of Wllr'; Ly captured docu.UltnlS; by "ll'.rest I\"p"e lI"t kP<-r' "" "dmi,' _, . _ "n I. The,· ("r N.II('<'\ mil' illltlli...."" ,1_ J' opponu
m
l7
m"on~ Ihe 8<l1elliW Kikans. The lerm "military _ PO··~ ,.. >0"" a~\>o m .......
ncli"ities" embrR('(!(1 elllployment of localul\li,·es
and illt~'TO~,'tion "f persoll~ wllh pro-AI.llel:'C&I'
1{>l\deueies ",,,I p","SOns cllught ",\\·,'sd"'l'pmg ; by
' , .
I'"'' "r tlte I,~'"I Chi,,,,,,,,
'" r.t"," IIkt Ih \
V:. ,",., "n",·rtl.,d "\'I'y "fl"" with I e, .rmr,
j

I .. OdlllnlNra.
-
~ 1'<'1,...,.,.."t"I"·"" !!,
~a'·"lallll(·h':"(li.,.l""",,lll
Jal"'''''''' I_i,_ 8
. - 1(""enUntll!" _ ,.or ~IIC h cohlmen:..I",p
' -
for o!iSllSSiu"lion of imporl,lllt Allied peNQns and I!Uel'ina netil·ities in ~Inniltt "".I en,.imns. , e. A hl",~r ""I}O"I "",I,mille I L I" ""","mat,,·.... mCI ,,-ilh Ih....."loa"',· A"'~-,., h'
for snoot"b.... and 10 inliltrale ";;llllie "ud 1I10bil6 "Collection of infnrlll"ti"n, "flel' pelwtrntlOll """"I"r Hin". u li"i>-o" 0.' '," .,e"lellUnl COh!. "n',' '(. . ,"u,",
r...' , la'", ...nua".'".allU>I.lhe,.>tul"td smo"t·
,
• l"er ...t"'I'(\n Ih J
aJ!ents hehilld QUI' lin,,"," H.ing among olhcrs, by the Allie.~, un the '",ilit","y "",I politiclll ~ihltl_ .,,,.,,,,~a""
. ' n"d {"""S,,"', '. II '1', k e "po. tra",I"!e<IIl'<'1 . , " _ ' . _ I I an
1m"" l'u' ...al"'''... j!"i'''''I!"OOlie."r
wmuen. !3uddhi.1 pri"sls. trndus. alnl ~ll'all oo~'s lion lind the ,ta\(· of p:lcifirution wilhin the city,'
,-.. ..... " "lIt,f,l'"
H' Ch,lla whi('h \\"~di"'.r,,,,,if.
, «'" "'l;lb."lheJ"'ln"""".~'.'!ertheo<.· "r ) umu lin ,,,,,h Im"·ln'i",,, l"lhe .'tlleh~ fo fo .
the X,,,'.'' p,jmi_tr,'.
..l,
r ""0 Ing I"
as ul)(,l:alin'~. FruilS of Iheo/! cnde"vur;; did not SHrh i"r,WHllllion 1" l)(' 1,·"ns,uiUed by nlOLil~ t,,,,, " " . . "p.o.
appellr ~l"\'nl. C"l'lUlL.J <!o<unlenlS ~how lhllt in wireless station Icfl hehiml; on the militll"y situu.
B 1'1 . ,. 11"\11" fok" 1
" \I" "e' ~.~ .. tl,l,h,,·illj! lht WH fur '0" "u I h. WI,,"el-cr"";llrihulioJl'h..
.' . . ."X.",'' ",'" 1I,r orar·
the ;;\lUlllwr "f 1~44. the local Kikaus we"~ ha"ill!; tiolt, e5lweilllly "irtiehl~, hnrb(ll"s, ships. cOlllllluni- a",1 "l'tllC\! imellil!"nl...• of II' ,I!,I·",d·
trlllllem ""e ~)~l.I.:-o.,rn..e Orj,,,,,,i""tioll ~'.,Ie 10 01''''1'.
dillic" Ity in ""bt"iniug Sn fe iuti \11">11 ion rouICS" for cMions, elc., such info,·",,,tioll to he presented ill
" ,
1"1"" eut (l icers (K~ib"'" l"iki,,·U'
""l"U I' ",'
lind
::,'~':I ""elhJ,"''',,: ""'" II Hrr "'.... ~ ..r one. i",jO'('(I.
their agenls, in shol'lnge of funds, in morale, nnd " k' "~"n "t ~ '.u" • II.' of Iltjl'hl!,bJe. if ."". ,-.I"f ((> th S . ,
thp form of sketchel nnd t I"Ilnsmitlllll, app"n'''lly, lal.
in the high rate of desertion nillong Ihe nnli"e " .'"'' mI!". l'"il'i". 1I0"k,)'. , .\ m",.' "nd "' Ge,wral1"tall". - t . au
by runnel' network." 11",w""j!ton . J \\"10 were "nd"""". ,.I"'" I eonn",,,,,1 or
hirelinb"$· ' l~·t" ,,, t ,e ".'",a for "1J,,~i""<il \l"lIrk 'lil 1"",1" but 5. Kempe; T 1I;
(6) Japnl'ese onicials in Tokyo r,nnilior wiill 4. The NallY SSO '~"re ,,,,,I,',' dm'Ct ("<"n""""l of lloe Chitf of Na"al
ll. ,,'hatlWCl' the ,lapnneoo /\'''''.1' hnd in the wny a. ·n,e. JapnllC>oP Ke"'l",i T.i. oflell ""Ierred 10
Ihe Arn\\" Tokllmu Kikan lacked knowledge of its ('('n":'~'1 Jle~,I'.I"",·te,·~ fur i",,·!Iij.'Clll'" w",.k.
of a counlet"I'IH·t of the A ,.,ny's S\*-cial Sen·iceOr. Ihe "llht"Ty I'0lie. and h,· the JaIJa'_ liS the
existen~ in Heas other lh/lll Manchuria. China, f. Ihe 0"". ludi"atio" of X",..,· ~SO "eti"ili""
.0<
gllllizntiolls dllriug the w"r ,,"as limiled in ~o]le J,'t,,,[arm~ri... hd 1)(1\1""'" ne:..,.ly oS bl'OlRd as Iho..e
and Burllla. Tn :s'ew Gninea, fOl' ill,tnn~, its du- """ !,I""e ''-Jlh l.lto8l"of the Arm~··. 'rokumu Ki.
"nd in intellib'Clle<"l vallie. of Ihe ~a"l ('e,taro. .\hhouuh ill the fi.. ld it
lies IIr., reported 10 r,a"e Ill-en hl\11dled OJ the Kenl-
b. The Onicp of the Chief of Connter-Inlelli· bll ~~ fonhc,,"u"j! '" nn illler"i"\I" with n"",. workN[ ...i,h Ihe .\nuy. " ..."",, u"der Iht jll'; ..d'c.
pei TaL Il.'l dc;;eribed laler in Ihis slUdy, and no Ad",,,.,d Chado. ~ forn,,"" ml'mber "f th" Xa""1
J!encc, GHQ, AFPAC, in its specinl l'el}O"t, ]l1~,·i. I".",.',r Iht War _\l,n;'11"", and rontrolled both ad-
evidence has been foulld to the eontralT· Til the Ge"",·;t! SI"II" who 100-<.'"",,, X"""I Au,...I... '11 Il.". ""''''1.1"ll1'''t and judi"';nl 1l<l1i.... I\nd. u" mili'a ....•
"nsh' referl"llll lo herpin, citt's nn SSO sl1l""r\"l.....d
I'hilipl'incs. however. eapillred documents disclose j!'WHI. wl~"n lIu.,,,,, w"" il""ntNI "i,,,JrJ""'Hlenr-e" ~' .....-.IlIZll"'.n. WO. di"i,I"" i1\l0 .dlllilli>lnui,·t .,,;1
by l'he 1mp"rial 1','"vy Illld IIsullll.," listed as Ka;.
Ihe Ilnosenetl of Kikans in the Llizou Hila. Wilh ll\. a."tI III .I·d".,,,,,·.'" I!N,) w,w n....,ij!"....1 a" li"i>-Oll "f. 1",1""81 .. .('<'1\0",, h 1>.,1 ..-i,~ I"'''";''''. "<"'IN with
''Ilil Tokul11u Bu (Navy Sl'e<;i,l1 Scrl"iee Dep~r1'
least 3 organizntionJ;---Kat\u,,~i, Kirishima, and l,,'r,' wllh lhe S""lhe.... A"",,\". [n hi. I'<'llOrl. is· the rlJ;hl I" eXe"",... J_p,,,,'••"thorin· m'er m,li_
~lcnt). The ..tpOlt ",Ids: ~The ,·"rions N8'·.\" 'lie, I by H",,,lqllH"'I"S. !'omh En,1 A_in T,.,,,,.la.
Ta kesaki_ident itied.
SSO's ill the ficld. such liS the Soulh Chin" SSO la '".'. 1>I'l>'On"..1• nd 1he J,"'''e.... ll>Uhlit ~Iike.
(,) Once lIgnin. e,·id.cnre on which to e"ahmte ti"" and I "t"'To!!"ti"" Cempr. on fi O"lobo.·.. IIU;•. b. Ile"dq,,~n .. ~ ..-.. ~ in Tokyo fortnoillillf: and
:",,1 Ihe B",.",,, SSO, ,U"ll !1<"""II11)' headed by I .\tlmi,·,,1 Clmd" deS/·r'I ..._, II... Ilik~ri Kikan (,,1".1
the oontributioll of thB SSO aelil'ities in the 1'hil- for ,1... Orl-"lllZllllon In .Iup.". Kof'CO..•'om"""'.
!'Car ,,,h,,iml or CI,ptllin. All SSO's in the firld "~I'OI'ted liS "n AI"I"y ""~'lUi1""i",,, see "W"e) "'
il'llilles is laeking.lllthough a fairly c<lmpli!te pie- a"d the Nlllh N,.. : Ih.. 1"l' ""l!", ,.."arale 10....<1.
IInsw"rcd diredl.,· to the )i,,,"nl Generul Siaff iD Ihe i"telli!!""ee or/-'l,ni.."tio" in II ... S""thern
ture of such opel'ali"ns during Jnpanese with- 'I "<InN" l"nd I.... ini,,!!) ill Chi"•. :\lanel",ri•. and
Tokyo and the respedi"e ~'6ogrllphiesection of tl~ Art·as whilh p~I("<1 Ihe Intli"" l'ro,·i.i"na(
drawal can be obillined. The exaHlple;, below are :\1"lnyo. A-Jectioll WI' ritrid. I..""" OIl I.h-i"",l
tahn from thB Xalllmci Kikan Operation Order Intelligence Dil·ision." G"'·o',·un",,,1. Although Ih"re is n I"""",ibilit.'" ~"d "",m.1 te-H and 00 famil.,· elil!ibilil~'; lrain.
c. The Kn,')" "Iso is idcntifi('(l, in the AFPAC Ih",.l~nu ..· or his li"i;;<J1l tluti('S wilh thr ,\"'''''.
:s'o. I, dated 20 Janual)" 1945 at Manila, as quoted Illj! ro'-"I'<'d 'l>I'(;i.1 ''''·NiJ,.",t'on.•dmin',lration
~I}O'1, wilh II Special Sc"vice Oq::;nni1.11tion in tilt he i" ,,,,f,,,.,.i,,)! to an .\I"m,· orj!anizntion. his rl>f. "r ju,t,"". or;.",u ie la "". ,dmini.lrat ion. geol!raph~·.
by lloe ,AFPAC special report:
Homel:lnd. co"d"cU!d us n fm-eign alr,lirs sertiOl1 el"e"CC 10 <1at.'$ wu"ld in<li~ah' working knowlrdJ!e 1",lOry. :!o!lf..d ef.. ,,>'l' .nd Ihe .n of making on
"Japanese c<lunlerintelliJ!enre "eti,·ilies within
.\I"nila before and after occuplltion b)' Ihe Allies
of cit.,· 1}Olice depnrlmenls. Onkerll on this <Juty or the I{iknn l>1"im' to I,i, "lIiliati,,,, \l"ith d,,, South. .,rre-I.
welll" cil'ilian dolhes, e"en in WIII'linw, lind on lh! "m A,·",,·. As for re.."ltS. hr "''''S ~inror",~lio" e. I" lhf i=:ourlo :':eo.,.. tI>e Oll-",ni""tioll "1\S
("'hich the SSO Operatioll Order a]lporenlly as-
sumed as" forel,'Oue collelusion): communications ha,is of inforlHllli"n ll\'lIiluble, would Il]lpear t~ of OI"""'li"""l ndue w"s eXlI",,,wi,· s<'"1"l'C "",I "r hrok.." ,IOW1' il1ln ~.,.nd.ml ..rie ""'C'1ioHs. o'oth em-
hO"e dUlies simil"r 1.0 our o\\·u ~av,,1 rlltclli,,'l'~ \\'h"t th,'re was. some ha<\I,....,,, 5<'1\; b"1l1" Ilrili,h
by wireless and runners, with emphasis, after oc· b...d'll! 1-"'"..... 1 .If.i,.,.. I'ohe.> "lfai.... >1'l'ti.1 i,,·
within the United Statel. in t10e "nnll'$ "f our a)!"nts Ihnt Ihe... ],,,,1 imrr"ed.
cupation, on mililary intelligeuce to faeilitate \'e-lil,"'';'''''' .nd j"ditial.lfa,.... ror eaell ...·a 0,.
d. ,\ fUl"ther de~l"iption of the Nn"y's SSUac- nnd ""lilt wa" ;«'''1 b." "g('llI_" ho h"d tnken frillill
i.Jo"d. •\pI'Rl'<'llll.,· tht "'0"' of Tokumu "iko"
fiflh column act;'·ities.
"Extenninntion of 'extreme pw.Amenenns til"ilie« durin/! the ",al" wns gi"e" b,r ~[I·. Sone.(II' ""t! we",. 1"CI'"rliug from .afe 111"<'''''- '11,,,. ,..,allr
,,·a. eorri...1"ul h.,' the """'l~i in Ihi. .rea. EJ",-
while carrying out political, economic, and idco· the F"reign Olliee: "The Nav)" did not hp,~ I ""I""hle i"fo""lIlti"n wa" lle.,:li!!ibl". I hHe
...ht,..,. oUl"i.l.. of .1"1'"'" Neb "rea .n",· "'a, as·
Tokllllllt Kik"n in "al'ioIlS pl:l<:es, hut hu,l " kull! 1"'0"<1 il s"id 11",( no i"fo""al;o" lh~t inll"en{'('(l .ig""'[ Krllll""i u"il_ at h..a,IqUa'1~'" .,,,i ,li"i~;o"
logicalfiflh OOIUlll" aeti"ities' prior to Allied pen-
eU"lltioll; dis.,'ption of the 'enemy's rear' "ftc,' oc- of Tokmllll Kiknn 01' Ilelidcnt OniC"I'S' B~II'C'lU; 0l)('r"t i"ll" I 1'hu," w"s fl""r ...........i,·..d." lCl"d. ,,-ilh Ih.. "en,!,..i hti,,#, 0" it, O"'n belowlhat
~. Tit..,,,, is .t,-o,,!! l"t"""" h. ",,_ume thaI Ihe
i1llP0111111t pItICI~S. s"ch as Shanghai, Peklllg.' I..,-e!. 1'''lal "emI"" "",mpl"">eIU for "" Ilrmr ,.
cupalion. by military, ec<luomie, and pS,I"chologi-
Hangoon, 1 believe. Aclivit ies were not SO·I
~o'fs S>lO ..xisle<l on 0 l"I),"'r !!Cal" prior to Ih..
ell.>ahotlge.
"Collection of informatiou, prior 10 oeeupation, tend~1 in ~'l'nCl'1I1 liS those of the Ann~' '1'01"'''' KEsnUCTED
os~.oo '"
RESTRICfED
RES11UCTED JAP IHnI.
JAP INT'£L
MimatN It 1.000. 20 of ",hom Ire It lop head· flllne9:l in the ....r of tactie.1 intelligence are liP.
qll.,ters fCllt.lon. IlI'lIded (uhibi, A).
ll. CounU'rintelli~IlC't.... • primary function f. KemplP.i doctrine did not call for .ctive I'll'.
of tilt. KemplP.i. Ind in II"f.&lI ...here Tol.:umu Kikan tidp.tion in prL.oller-of·.... r interrogation work. VII. ANALYSIS OF JAPANESE INTElliGENCE ESTIMATES
lbo functiont'd. thf.no "'l.lIlIn unden;tlnd.ble O''f.r· The !le.thing>! ealled for the Kemp.. i to hllndle
I.p. To I\'oid friction, I Kpmllei oftker ...as llOOle' llrelimi"a'}' sereeninp of the pri$Ollel'lllo pre\'ellt AND PLANNING
tinlf!l .lIlrhfd to the Tokumu Kikan for li.i$On their ~IM' and to prot~t them from ei,·i1i.nl. I. Inl,oduf;l;o"
"iug• ..-ere obtained from the ~ of tlte chief
dut)·. This, ho...e'·er, ....s not the practice. The KemlN:'i •. !n\,e$(ij:MtiOl~of J.llIItI\'!;lf. militar,' .nd nnal _n'tlry of the Jallll'_ Imperi.1 Pri,'" Couocil.
P. Pftrticul.rly in XI'''' Gui"fII .nd .rels in illihe field was IIl1der e<mtrol of lhe commanding illlell,w: n<:f' has dllll·1o>ie<.1 .ignilkant i"fonnltion OI1,~ "'ere cull~'f<:1 from ... rioll.!l milit.ry .nd
.. bieh TokUllln Kikall ..·.s nOlluistenl. Ihe Kempei ,.'ene,,,1 of Ihe art'H nrlllr, ""d there is ."'I'le e,·i. ro"cerl1l~'1! t.he Ja]lHn_ esti"late.i of ,\",erican ~"wen"ne"t _ials culll'enled ..-illl such ,,,.tle,,,,
l... rronnl'(1 B "llul,ble role for operlllionRl illlelli· <len{'t' from 0111' o"'n 'l'patrillted I'r'sonCrij·of·war "",I All'l'<l .'111"tttioltB, slre"both .nd cal'lbilitie.l 'n,"!lI' .....un"'" did u'" "1'lltfIr 10 h"e h.,I.,,)' 1'''''
)..'l'IIN', mo.tl)·b,. lise M natives utili~ both u Ih.u Ilteir trealmcn\.-(>I· tIli~t''t'altl1ent~wtljJdele_ ",,,de H """'OIiS sta~~ of the "'Hr. II"'portnntllii' plred egti",nh'llI.'l1O ex',lin!! ."d potenl;al U. i';,
~piet Bntl for countel'intelli",~nee. St8temenlS b)' gl\l~1 hy the Artily to the K,'mpei. peeL<; of the pa,·t ... hid, ~me11igell«l pl.j'lld in .IMI" mililar,' j!rou"d I"rc"''''''''pt th.. lig>.tl"I funri.h...l
Arlll)' nnd .'II'V~· high command rhB~ uali,'eg were J:l:, Its "'ork willt prillOlteMl.of.wur was Kempei'i "tteso ope"lIllo'la I plault "'I( ""d co"dllet "f Ihe "'.r b}' the l"riv)" O,u"eil lIS 10 ptelleut .nd anticilllltl!<l
~'('n(,nllr "alueless OOl-au"e of laek of knowledJ,,'t prineil',,1 contrib",ion to Jup"n6!ie 'nilitnrr 0l~r. "'''' """"ellied in the Informal ion u hlttd. Marine Corp. ller&,mnel otrenjJth as. 11IIrt of the
or friendliness to 0.1' Allies aro: trill' insofar.s in· .lioltal intelli/,,'ence. The 1;('(:0111Iar)' contribution, b. The pri"'Br}' objecti..e of ,lti. P9rt of Ihe no. estimlle>l of Nu)" lJer..onnel otrenjt1h.
telli,,~nee for Illanning lenl it con~n,ed. but tbll use of ""tinl!! for llCQlltiltjr. spying. Bnd counter- I/Ott. hIlS Mil to .n.lrze Ihe Jallllnes! Plllln.tN of (2) n... d.ta COllcerning 11<:1"'" t:.~. ~u... ngth,
Kemllei foond ~ u~ for tllfll' in ferreting Ollt intelligence Willi to front·line intellige"'-"l of im. Ihe sitlllltion•• nd Iheir consequent pl"'n'llll'. " prod .....tion.elc. ,,'hirlt ha,." '-0 ~ forl'OlDpari.
.\llif<:1 Iloeitions. obser... tion 1-1$, Ind e'-en. in medi.te tactical i.nporta,lC:t', rather th.1I to long. discl<:JSed in the interroj.. .tion;; lind "'.lI't1If.nt.; of !1011 ..-ilb the J.llIIoeo;e _imale<.. ...e.... obblin",l
!'ome in,,(lInees. intl'l.tions. i-::.. .. mll1e;; of such \1R. ratlge 1,I.nning. J.panl':$e coollnantl.nd '>!-ll1I~.... nd in doca. from the folio ...,,,, !lOO1't'fl!I:
mentary' mlteri.lno.......il.ble. In order that the f.) S'ary- Dellllnment•.\ir 8......,h, Q6..e of
IlCCnrallJ of Ihe l'i>!inl.llle,; and Ihl'ir elfect on opera· S-....l lnll'lI~ . ..-him coo>piled the inf......
tioll5 ma)' be /."'-jtl!d, certain fatfi and 6gure;;; from lion oonoeminl! C. S. na"'" air "'1"C'Il!--'lh. 11II,'.1
U.S. :S-.,")•• nd War Depa~nt tI'O':OnUroneern. -treogth .nd f\ee( d~.oolilm and ~
ing U. S. pl"lIlI, forea ttf.• llre ulili.,..) Mno;n for jb) W.r ~llllrt_nt.Olfio:,. of ~talHlJalI c..,.
comparui1"lll'ut"JlO"-'fS 'ro!. .\""y .'ir i-'ort'e>,
c. 11,is is nO( purl/OneJ to \.00" full h;'lorielll fe) W.r Depart_nt. Orel"lttioM Dirision,
aC(."(>unt of earh Ol)l',.. t"'" or eamp.i.." , dilooU!lSed OPD.
here. Onli""ril,\'. onl~' Ihe ISIJeClS of th_ 01'.....· 2. Summ_)'.IIJ COJlf;/uJio"J
t iOlls whid, Bl'e l",,·tiu~nt, to the.ral'"ul"'llle>ti"'"le<l •. The ene"'." ;mellijtetlOl' estimales .nd plan-
undl'l' eXllu,i"Hlion u6 ''OCOllllled, .lth"ullh .,I,li· IIi,,£, are ,li9C,,,sed in the chronolo~';eal order of
li"nul f"ct>! He iIII'''~IL'''l'iI st'l f"rlh to show th.. their d.welopment. eo",m~neillg ",ilh the egUmlll"l
surrounding circu,nstRnt:ell Rnd to f"cilillle" h..l· .nd I'I.,,~ m.tI. in ]It'lll'a..tion for Ihe war a"d
ler uudenstll-nding of the problems iu"",h'eo.l. For continuitts: through the SIJCfte<Iing ope.-.tiOllll .Ild
histori...l aeeolltll$ of the war in the AIli.tic· ean'l.i~ Ti,e d~ of eonsideralion !ri"ell ill'
Pacific theltno. reference i5 mad.. to Ihe ",portil 01 telli~llCl' IISJl""IS of 1M n n - operatiolls ..'118
th.. ~lilit.ry ,'n.I)"!!!s .nd S-.... I .\nIIJ1l;' Oi..i· det..rn,ined bJ the .mount of peni1lellt infomna·
siotlS of th.. U. S, Slral..gillllombiug Surn}'. lion ..-hw,h hid '-0 de~..loped from Jlpa_
d. Thl' P'"ter II." of the ",.leri.1 fom.i~g lhe _1't'fl!I-. Cert.i" eOlldlbion;s ~ ""~N by !he
anal~ of _ v inll'lh_ ~t1matl'll aDd pia,,·
bII.'lis for this .11.1,"Sis ...llii denloped from lnlH'-
rogations .nd qlle"(ion,,.ite;i dil'fctl'd 00 ~nd "i~' Ih~h m; ...~ ~ of the "'ar:
b. 'fh,e Ja ...._ w-t.... in ~ of "'1I'1li·
."d st.1I" ~nI of th.. J.llII'll:i!e Arm)'.Dd :O;uJ
J.'ftlCe ..--PUll! l·. ~ air and na...1 f<>rftO ill tIle
II" t:ssns. Illforn,alioll de1"l'lope,d fron. J·llI·
Pacifit .te'II!I l.nor 10 the ('(lDlIIIoeDl'elMfl' of the
ll~ "",urcell h,. OII""r aj.oeocie!l .lso '<111II u~ 15 ....r-i"f""""tiOl\ ..-hw,h ....., tin>ely. adtquale 111
indkated. . ra.... ~. 8UboIa",illly UTUrat.. and ill ('()I\>ide....
(I) Til.. ",,,jorit,· of the e;timattll fonrenllnjl'" Ible ""Iail. The nol.ti,..l)· I'<'OllOInielll and u,
. . . . , U ,~. <:. lir ''''..·..r. ".".1
fX'~t",jl'" all,l l"" .. ltUI l'..ditiOll~ coltll,I..lwn of Jalllln·. ",.jor ollt''''I''e
power. and tt",rclt""t ",arine, l,url",rt-:<tly p..... ol)('ra,i,,'tS ..-ithi" the 6,.,,"1 few mOllth. of the ,,'ar
ill ortly "r,or 10 Ihe
p",,'d by II ... J.. pnn""" al a'" , '., fl" br larj:tl.,' .t1ril"" ....1 to lhi.. The C'OlIlrloo,
~tlt,.t of hOSlilitie. f",' uile ,tt ' Iheir In,hlllr.l' plait·
RESTRICTED
RESTRJCTED
 JAP lNT!J.
IlESTRICrED JAP INTEL
(~HlCt',,"il\g Ih ... lo>""~ illniel~d lllXlII II,.. r, S....r.
tion of Jllpntl....e illt~lIi\.."'''~e WII~ ut IB hij:hest ,.ier tn~k fort'e olr FOI·""""I 12-11 0... 1,,1.... 1· lllH lllilizinJl.n "f Iho1r inl..lhl(Mt'l' _ ..
poinl duri"j: this I",,·iool. ulI.llhN,·"fler "Wi OU u Th...Jnpnll~ concluded Ihe Allil'!! were llnn"l; 1.....1.ud (",.1...1" "".II.h\<> informdion . . lhe ....
j.....n.....lI} .It,,,linin¥ ;,cui". ti, sup!'ort alllajo!" irl\-tl,iollll' Ihut ,il1l1'.111I<I tiP. I.ry ",,..."!rt" .nd Ilf>to!nli.lilift of liMo U....
c. Thl' ellenn' ~rioll,h er",,1 in his e,lilllnt~ fe",;e prelllln'tio11~ in th .. Philil'pinl'll were 1101 ~Inl.... f?r """ in fonm.ll.li"lll tbPir ..... mili...,.
of Ihe r<.'<'ulle";'tin' 110''':'''' ()f Ihe I'. S. u'hl Ihe Jl,"(>"......III~' her Illighl hll '.1' I"-~,,. Tlte "'lll!le<llll"I1Ct01 IIIan... n,.1 II...y ....... ~~f..1 ill ~
.bilit\, 10 l'!'Orj!.niZt' AlIl("ric.1I ""Oll~ for ,,"ur f.lrl)' ....'nlpltt.. IIltonnJu"n ............millfll-. S. .uli,
wl'recoo;llv.
.fl<'r-Ihe cril'I,lillj: 1>10..' ,,-as slruck.1 1'~.rJ Ilur· f. I'rio; to lIlI.1 durin!! thl" "lid)' IllQIl.h~ of tl"
tory to......, IIlt'n. in I.. i",. .. ~ ..i.knl in IIIO'J.,.-
bor. 1111' in.bilit~ or til(" r.:-:. to ,Iflll elfl'<:Cli I~· Wllr. Ih(" Ja{llln""" ;erion'l)' umll'ri'~Iill1l1l1..1 II"
""1m"'I"" ",,,,,,,,,,",,1 dunr'lI Ih,. "''''-',.: enr.
aith'lll,h rllt' ......11""'1.... "en: "'rpn..llIfIl,. -
Ih.. lide of JlIllOI"""'" ."'1111111"-1 ,Illrinj! Ihe til"-l f ...
1ll01l1h~ ...IL.....llh.. 1'1I"'1ll\ 10 III1,I~"".illllll\' 1'.:-:.
c.l'nbilili~ of r. S. ,,,hlll:lrin."'. It w,,~ Ihollj.!hl ..t~ III '4',~ . . 1 ""'1lK1~. it i.• 1)I*... nl Ihli lhey
Ihlll Ih...,· "'0"1.1 '-'" ... ml,lon...1 in ..."tli,,!! N>lmlllllli. ... ~... 11<" ."'" I" ......ml ....h",,,1 .,,",lUII..I...\mt'rie:an
milil• ..,. "ol\'lIlial .",1 ';'".bili.ies.. Thi" 1...1 .",. ~...,i...n" ·b~· I"...tlll!! of ll"iinlt'n·hnnt @llippinj.! .1- milil • ..,. and ",dll.1 rillll".""li.l,.. _\.mf:rica.n tipt-
Jl"11 10 ",·........~I ..n.1 It.. r ."'1"111 "" nn,llin.... ()f elMII- tllcks. bm tlwiru-Ie",i,·e .nd ...1fl'<:C.i,·...."'I'lo)·m...nl 1Il11" .... 1.1,,"I'f". anol tl....1.1],"· of I"" L:- S • ..,·
11l11"i....ti",,"" 11,.. r. :-:. ill ~io" ., r.".d.I.... 1lft1
.... ll~ht Ihp "rwlll)' II}' "'lrl'ri"'" .utl UIII'I'I"I... rl'<I for
9~'llill>l .191.''- n.,·.l cnfl •• ~ well a! for ~n· to 0'""""""" 1,"",1""", III ~"" and ",uPI'I... -
"ai_1let' .nd for air-_ ~\"'.C>I",easa@urllritf• 1..1111'"# N' .... If- .nd ...I.li f .re <oK - lortb
• "y ... lI"e<cti'·f dele'L"" or rou"I ...""lrok.... lor Ih - 1'1", ac-hi.. ,·o,>11It'.,t~ of l-. :-:. ~lIbm.rill"" iu ,inki,,!! Ilt'I'e iu tabl..,. I IlIn"'eb .. for ......N'\<>..lioa ",. '-"'-
""II th.t I", t'Sti"'.I .....1 II ..." I",}·olld .\lli.....I I ·
.'nl)ll"·~ ..,.,...,hiI'5 .nd n",..:h"t shil'l,illj! f.r u, Ill$! indira to • l.fI!\' ult"IIl of (hi' ba-ia for
I>ilities 10 m.,."hal 11.,.. 1 I'''....r. "hil'pi,,¥. lrool....
~Ied an}"1hillg tl'e}' hlld UI>I'ct..d • .,d "as. d... ,1.1.'- I'UDlI'"$! .".11,1 the .. dodll<1ioo of
or !'l'pplif-. i" ",,!fieHo"t ~I"'''f..'\h 10 ""III"h .n}·"f-
ci"i,-.. fllC10r in deslroying t""ir .hilit,. to "'a{.~ I"" .\lQt'nt-an .bihly I" ... ~'" ~f..1•• 1'. l1le
1...... li.... COImt..rolf..,,"i'-.. befo the ","d of 1912.
d.•\ I."-}(- mi<ronct'"l",ion hich ..t i ,·... ryCO;';lly. .-.r.I!. TIM: enem,· ne,·er rolllp",""ndfli .t1fll"aldy
fill"""oo'-.... fll.ir f._.\rm ... S
p..... Iln>IllII'tion ""1*,"lly: i:!I'S.ry:.... r-hip
nd .ir_
...... tilt' "..my II",k,.......intlllioll 01 th.. fi;:11Iil\¥
Ih.. n,ililnry ."d industri.II>OI"lIti.1 of the U. S. .Ifftllflb. fte.,c ,h...I...... 'u".. and pt'....... ~1. al'd (31
""-1...bil;I; of lilt' Amt'ri("lln mililar,· m.n. ~ ..
This i". basic UI'I • .,ation lor lbe rel.....lfll ()(Q- ""'trhalll .... rine.
lbe ~I",nj..,h .nd fie-htill!! lin.lu;f- of t". R lroop".
~io,," "'!woll _\l1lf'ric-an mon"" w,,", m.de before tilt'
• _.."' mi,j"tl~....I. flanK-ul.rl}· in II GII.<\.hll.1
and Nrl}· :-,"".. GllinN .... ml.i:.q,~ i,h til\' I'I"I;UIt """"1)' ""IIfti... II""n>--."d ..ilh 1!..... ler "'",ll~.,h
Ih." IIf' ..,.lim.I...1 "'.S I"",,;ble. TIl\' .bilil'· of Ihe
.1.1""_ ... '0
--
,h.l lIlt' ~nm"' ...1 f" tl_ "llt'r-
, .. :".10 lIla",h.1 ",;I;t.r~· .n.1 " .... 1 f"..........: 10 pt"ll-
rl'
alion.....hidl ........ in-lIl6ei.. 10 .,·oid d..... i~i,·...",1
Sl~it· .. (",r""IO .\,...... ,,1' "Irikille- illll,.(t1Ifion
,·ide .<lI'<\0llt.. I ran"l",n •• mlto S"I'I,h· Ihe!!ll' f"'.......
..itll ~1l1 ..... rior~luil'''M'III .Iul Ill.teri;l. .1'1,*,,'''''10
n_ =
of thi" ..,,.,m)· error ..-.~ tIll' ,·i.... hl'ld.1 lilt' I~n­
nine- of II,.. "ar ,ltllt .1.I.n·ll.ir fo,"" ......ld m.in_
t.ill ~11 tll"'y if ,\Ilied .irpo"·l'r did ,101 u..-I
tl",it'>o by tio of Ilion' th.1I 10 to I. 111i5 esti-
m.'f .... ~ 1'I",·i~ll". Oetol... r 1Jl.4~ 10. ralio of :'\
h.,·.. cons;stentl}' ..-..,.......I.....llhe J.I..

II... Jap,"""" mililll"" fo

""I illl.le....
h. En'epl for the OI"'lIill~Ol'e"'tion~of lite ......
".,riollsl)' h.lUli.
e.ppe<1 ",.• nrher COIIsi,l.. nt ia k 01 QIIt'Mltiml.1
-_.
. .--..-. _1 _I.. · ·_ _ _
(l' . - - _ _ ,... Oto.

n__
:...--
::::-
"'" .~
~

.....- -
•
•
•
.
...
•••
••
••
••
_<0

,
~

-
inlellif....l....... Fn:qIM:ntl,·.lhe ell{"11'~' h.d lillil" "pt· -- .

.-,.
10 I. bill it is n"l k,;o..-n ..-h.1 1.11'r I"l',·i.ion~ "ere 1lj.,_ _ ~ ~­
,~

ei6c f.d".1 informal ion CQIlCt'nling tit.. ~I ..... nlrth ••

,.
m.de ...i,h 1"l"1""'" 10 Ihi, .1)I,ra~l.
... .\ tI'CIIrrilll:" f.<1"r ill I I,.. f.ilure, of ,h...1"I...•
ne,,/' IQ make .<.'('" .. Ie ~i",.1 of the lli!".I;on.
l.nic-"llIrl~· ..·ilh .....llt'C"I to ,Ill' "Irell~.. h "r U. :":
foreK.· 10 ..... fOllnd in Ih" r..... linp: 1,000'lenll .mollp:
of I". S. forces "·;th;,, (1)('l'IIt;oll.1 rauge. Iheir di;.-
po"ilion;:. or th"irlllO'·em..ms.lllthollj.!h. con~id"r·
.bl" amOllll1 01 silch illl ...lIi{.... n~ eI.uld It.,'.. been
obt.ined Ihroll!!h nn effi,·ielll orj..'lIlIi~"liol1 1111tI
tltroulth eml,lo."mem "f Ihe rllcilitiC!! IIIUI fo\'('tOt
n_

-=
l~... ' .... -

IM..,."I'" ,,-.- .-••••

.1111.'_ "ftiC'l't'>o Ilmt Ilwir fon::.-;; w...,. ,bl... 10 in·
nici .,.hlli'·el,· J,:n:'&ter I~ in h.lIle 111ll1I tl..." h ronlroll..d. Tile 111.jor ..all.... " ' ,llill criliclIl d~·
~" ... ill"d. In f.cl. Lieutell.nl Oene.. 1 ,hi..";. r i("lItT was rh... f"illire 10 mailltnin rej:IlI111" IIIId
chid,,~ ir~teJl~l.(e"c-f.t .\rm.,' Gelle..llle.,lqllRr. Ihorough air !lellrch I,"d 1...'<:Olllllli_II...... The nil·
l{'I:.II,ud 1I~ IlIllltll.'''-'''''' I" "II I'S~BS qlteSlion_ ",erOliS i11>llIn(-e!I ill wltidl U. S.Cllrri"l' t",k fof'O'tl'
1l."'':?11:1 :-':1"'prlIlJer IIH.i Ihllr i' w"lIlhe "irnl're:8_ ~(·hi{·w'tl ~m"ll,.i"" ill th... i,· 51"ikt-fl, dll'" to inAd~·
~I"'~ In Ih...hpUllf...., A!"IlI.I· '·1 hili p"rs<mnel 1.-'iI 'llillte enem)' "ir !;e1l1,<;1t und 1·e<-"<JIIl"ti<lSllllCl'.• 1!
1111,,-;..d 011 'he U. S. fort-e;j ..... re 1,:'''';''1''1" 'hUll Ollr· mellliol1e<1 itt till' sIK't-'t~llilll1 I'''J,:''~. The "'''''Ill)'''
O...~I. ,\ 1I0'l"wo!"lh.,' (','''lIIpll' of 'hill wus the h.ck "f ",1"'lwlte "1)C'·"tionul illh'llil1"llC" during
"."I.ght j!i,·",,, b)' rhe AI"I1I.\· nlld ~"\'Y staIrs jo the rIt., 1~,,"1,~ f 1)1" Leyul GIII f 111".1.. "Ilie·;"111 <llwrlll io ",
RESTJl.ICfED
r"h"'lll",,,I)· HlI.I!¥~I·"Il,,1 1""1'(11·111 h)' thei,· pilolll II)' I"s f'-""ces lllo~t dillkull, if "ot I'l"tlclic-,dl)' im·

RESTRIO·f.D
 JAP
JAP lNI1lL
Tuu 2.-Jo""..... &/i_ of U. S. Ai, Sr,....,r~ <II Sloorl.f "".td I..
IVor Co.. ArlutJI Pig",..
~RMY

..ooo .... ~
IUlIo'"

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~
..._ u' ..-.. 'Ii
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Jo
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•••
• ••
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••• ••
••
0
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T.,BLI< 3.-J.. ",,~... &1;",010 of u. S. ,Ii. Sr••""rh or SJ"./ of 11'•• Co"P"'''; I.. "clual ~'''g"r•• T.'"U 6.-.lo"".c" Eoli.. G'. 9' U. 8. •~. IODOl , , ... ,,. GI StGrl 0' ..... 0-"....4 lO _ . ~

AI"PLA"" "ROl>UCTION C"PACITY N~""L

1_~Io_UI
PEUONNIL

..... _11 _. ..... . ....

- -,. - - ... -.,.
-.
k~ ~= -I
:l,OOl .. '.000
.. m
.,.
'
,~

...., 0IIl"""
·0· ,e'" •• ••
••
a_ •• ••
. ,.-
u
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•• •• _0. •• ••
....- .,. .- .. ..-- ,.-.-
.- .-
lUll
T.W .••.

TABLE 4.-J......"'.. F"li",.!, oj U. S. "'oro! Sr'<"i/lh <d sr"" of War C.... ""r<d fa Adual Figu....
W.RSIllP ~TR""OT" .."'D "O'U""I'IAtJl
""."~,';";l'.;,;:;::::
T.W .....
.a'
••
m•
..
n."
"l''' ••
~ ......"':1 ••
, •• ,a.

,-- , ".,-
1""1.........,.".,. Doe. <I) o_d 14'&1

-- .. . ..
Shl""

',p"'~ ~ J.",,'m... ,.~

S''''''''. 0' S.orl 9{ 11'0' c_,..._ I. Ac""" p ......

,--
T.. B''>: 1.--.10""••" f:,Ii",o'••' U. 8. .I/""".U. SA;,
,
--
..~ ..:n.ml
'" ••
'. Jill,'.
,;" '''.0
y"' ..... , _ ' " 1 _......... 10 - " )
....--

-
~
!lY•._
",,-,e!:'- • mm
,.=
m~
2I'.J.
00 .. _.. , ..._. __
'" '"
'"
m.1M

,-
88._. __ •••

_..-
m m 1."',OliO l.mllll

• ,-.. Doe. <l:

-,..• ,.• -,. ~= 13,.,01
..'"•
,..-o.
:t.\UlII
DB .••••••• __
'" ~m
o-Il"'''' (

..,.-
m•
cv... _m (I) "'-0'
.
D«. '1):
~=
<;'-..1
SII__ •• _
T.......__
(» F,.. Doe.U:
IlL::.._
I>D•••.•.•.•.. __ ..__.... _...-- m

on ~
,'III.....
:I. 17t. "'"
a.
,a.
T..m..
0<>
T
0 _ 1.&0
.

_.•.
..
,.....1 ..,"' ....

1"'.... _..
m
- ..
,-
,-~
,a.
., l:I " ..... 00(1 ""101
"v
Rh ••••.•••
.. ................... ~;.:~::J: m~~Jf~~·t:i:tf~~;:': t:=
C\·
£,0.•..l:L••
. ................. \':~ :U~ =: '.11.. .... .- ,~.

T_ _._ •.•.•••••.•. _··· ......................... '" m I.lQO,lOO !,l'IIlO'

'' -
-
No•., An'" • .,.,.. n __ 1;.& .. _>1-
.
RESTRICTED
"
 JAP IN'TIt
IlESllUCTED lAP INTEL
m.j<;r uni,- f'Xpe(·,,,,IIO be in th~ Ioarbo.... nd 'lrith
4. Pe_/ H.r/xJr /tltM! lit... berthing ."'!._ of minor t11111- ftlld ftlUC,h.rie:s.
II. 'nil:' ~hockin~ .. ~_ of t.... J.plllll'"<i' .llll~k Simil.... int"lhge' ....... roll("fMli"j.! ship SllCllo....1t"'-
I........ith,n . . . . . I' .......
011 PHd lI.rbor .... ~ ,It", to ea,,·flll 1,I.nning ('han, for .il'(',...ft lO....1'I'<.lo """~ af,',,,n,,1 '1I{'('ifk.:\
.\tI,"inl. inirh.. IIwB dUff .., ., . .
ba"ed uJI'0" ""-1"1,. C<"'ll,l"t~ il11"lh!-,,·tWt'., lO lb" t:","tl:>l>olIJ.>oI Inl"'"'....' _ 11-4. I I . " Itt'
I"""iti"n. 1l1Onm"nt., s",1 "rt'n~'1.h uf e. S. forces
lar/-'1'ts. nnd dRi. on 110nol,,11I ""dio fnlCIU""ci...
w,,''e f""",1 in ('n,,,I,,,1 planes «('in('Pac·Cill.
(·I~·'" T.kal h,. ' ' 'n on
the: . . . of dlt _
in the '"1's. A,r FI"", (r R,..; Inl"''''If''li<mll it-S. 6). tIMr&
CPO.\ W,~kl," 1"1,,llil:ence 1_2'2.8 Dec "I). 11~ ,J.p."':.... ""re .Iole ,,, .... 'mlll<'l>t:e ' ....i. att.:b
b. A('<.·"rdill~ 10 Be.,· .\,llIliI1Ll T"lIIi"ks of the ,I. Thc h"III",'"f Ihe fi,.", "Ih,(·killj.! Ilij.!hl. ('''I;'' ,m ~ I~,lwr .mlf:d .. ,110 Ilnt1icaU, nMl ...

'.-- -
;>;"",,1 n"llt'rsl ~1,,1r. ""d FI,..,t A,llllirsl :\'"g'.\1H>,
t"i" Fll('hid". hll' r"I",rlPtI tloe cHef,,1 Iln·I''''.· fonn."',n •• III th" -e,.,.,-,h .nd di.LX-1ion of
{'hief "f tl... G"II"nl I"t.1f amllat"r I""pr"u", :-0•• li"ns ,,·h;..h nt~,,,ml,,d fur Ih,' Nf'>cli,'",,,,,, "f 11", f"""'"
.-.1 .\,h-i.. .,r to the E"'p"".r. the Ja"all_ :\'"....1
"u"ck trs..";lIS Inll"rrog"I,O{\ too). The nHllck.
....- ,\,,,."';""/1 .i..
1,Ii·l>tool"'~
In I.uz"..,. Thi~ .... - - .
,".,_...... 11t#l,. lilt :tt-~ So......
(;"II"tal N.1f h.,l infurm.lion lh8l II l·. S. If~
""uall~' 01'''1'':0100 from )1"Dd.~
Ihrou~h Frida,.. no",.. IIll" I'"ul ll.rb(,r fur the
Tn",.d.)"

...·O't"k ..",I.•nd ,.-." .In" ,,, IJt> in l'eullJ,orbur Ihe

illj.! pilot_ ..-....... brier...1 on:!:J :"",..."'l".... :\ 1>...""".
I... r. , Deo;..,,,,l,,.r ,,,,,\., ft final ",,,.iOIl -21",,,,..,.1..
f"n"lhe an.,'k lJnl'ln•..,..",hrr (rok~o Ii"... ). .\1
m _ _< \ b _

. , ..... - '- '"

".
... .".
n.
n.
"".
"
bet- ..-h~·1t
fao:1u.lly 'I
(lo--t .....' l".
11fJtU<! MO ,ob"", in I"" 1.alnoI ...

a,r
,.1,,'.1 ,.f ~';,. n .. I'''nm
11\11 ..-.1l"4aou.lll ....
•rO't"k ..nd "f i o.-mbtor (l'S5-H~ IIlIH".~.tion~
:J:>:,-'. 49 9). :\IOI\'()",·r. lh~ ,,11",,'1"1 ....1;Qrt
the IJrl"fi"l:" Ih" ,I.~· p..i"r l" 11,,· "ullck. tlw I"(',·i"..,)
''-limal'' "f lh.. ",.jo.. lI"ils at 1'1""1"1 w"s .n· "'~--"""""
...•·.. - - , . . , .. _1
__It_ • n •
,"
•
roml,1i 1",,1. """'1of II 1.1
'''' (I ~roo'nd. ·n... J.p.,_
Looinll' ,IN.:o.-..cl
ha'i ."lir'l"-ted
lh"t ,'" .\" ric"" ,.,.di" 1""".1"""1 "n e;lh.... :I "I"" l1u",,,,... 1 "~II" """"'1"""'. i h,lIlll,.hiIlS, "lid i .'rlli,. foOl, n.,-k_ I,.. 11---1,. ,,,' th~ir 1A,k fto""" .. hf'n
lko:.\""I",,·ll).l1 s'''ted wh,d, ""il".I)\' ''''''''",.lI"e...~ ,""'. A,·I""II,· tl",,',' wen' ~ h,,"I""hip-, "nd 8 h. The ene,,,~· did IIot "'1',.
"tll", ntt"ekolll'l".r1
it "."~ .1."" I>",
y~i ",ill"_ "II' .h"..... ""II""j.! ....,.......
b,,-,,<-,1 "I 1'''''1''1 J-l"r!Jor "",ltl"l1 Ihi~ inf"n"",iu" ,·r"i... 't"S. •\1 II,,' fi",d 1"·i,,li"l!. Ihe I'il"t~ We'll 11al'l.". dn" I" II... r"et tlool the;r im"llil:"'''''' on
11"., ".'1"'-''''1. 'n,.. "'.'" I••'" of Ill... 1'I,n..d,i,'Il'
Ili,'.·" ",i"'I"'j!"'I'I'1'\1 "Il<~" indi'·llli"j.:-with 1\..,-.1 ,....,.".0'<1 110 .ir .n.,-k: llt.....'·..r, """ hllhl
"-a~ "'!I"~'",I h~' Tok~ .. 10 the J",,"''''...... I",k fu,,-~ ,I,,· ,"""ullB ...". not ~..nlh.....1 and "...Iual.t! UI'ld h~·h "."1 '0 ""-10
...n Nlll" lO .!I.ck. ;"'lll.. . . in """,I """'." .,,,1 ""h s"u"I"lllilll .l'ell· :I tlaJ~ .f'er llll! .ttack. It .... bf'lie"M.• ~",I
crtI,;<>• • ".1 ..."'... d t
"'10.. ill 1andin~ '
,
1.:. ,,,,,", ~ ,n .,.
(I) :\,,, "'-"'-'On.! of .n~ ·uch Ion.. <1,.. >4 ,i. mcy-t1... ImJ",ble po",ilioll5 "f 110.. w.....hip,.

fl"Ill ('"mmunicat'''''' Co",,,,i.,,i,..,....-loi,ch I,.,

0010·
merei.1 ....dioMIIll". fou",1. ••'<.'Onlinj.! lu th.. F.....I· 1lf'r!I,...1 aNlll,d Fonl 1,1""d .n.1 :tt ,h.. XI\"~'
\'.nl. .\ 'H,I.".. reo:'UlIM'._'''''' lIi;.d,t 1,..-1,,<1
i"j.! 10 C.I,t.in F,\Cbi,1o. (l':-.":U" Inletn'1!lIlO\1
113-21, Ih"l b.,' Ih., lime 11"' ",,1.1 lor "",".
fo........1 .i,1o 1."d."!<e<1 1,1., f n "],1'..-10"""....
.Itack.
... Tbr J.I.. _('o. . . . 'I~ ."" 'il-"'-IM lu' l- ...
""",I fort'e'- III t"" I'L,IoI'I""'" .........."" ix. f
till! au"ck 10 tlt"ll"rm'"'' .I,·fillild~· whelllt', Ih... ."''11'
Studi"d ,h... m.n.. r ., 1I-11!-'1h. On d,l" l>a!!is of
.\",,,,·k.,, n....1 ".._ ill Ih.. h.r.... r "",I '''l'on",1 10
"'1'11 ." b,. ollr rarri",.." ....ich 01 _ It lilt' 1k"">1 '0 "\l"'''I'I.n~·lI.eI """a'llClIi"",, lI"';r~"
,n
infonnnli",' j!inn the FCC the ",..k, jUSl I,rior
lh.. le~der of till" fi""l "nnck f1ij.:hl in the ~il" Ih"l
li"'e of II", .!lack. nlU~ Ihe ri.k ..-... ..,.",i<ll"rrd F....I...·h,..1t .0l'llOI'I.....1 II... ,hru_l. "In~"...IlI' of
to Ih" P"ad 1·larbor atta"k Ih"t Ihe Jll"n,.- h.d to" l!re"t. ,'ice .\dmi ..l :,hi"1{"I" (r"n~ IIlI,,",'!Z.lion.
8e1 III' " l....l\' to 11",-' " ""'''"l .d" 1"'O~""1ll 0" "
Kurh wn. II... "ill"" i"". i, :\'0 I,holoj.!'·lll'hie or ......,,,n,,.i,,,,,,,,, fl,~hl, :~l-1, ~ l ."d C.lHai" Flljitft, II"." .1..., " ~d Fleel
H"waiilln cOlllllwrcial hillti"" ll8 '"' illl">C~lll dul''' ", Th" 1',.,,1"1 11""I:ll!" nllm'k wus 1'1"",,(',1 "" 11"""" """I" II fte" 1h" "Illlck f••r til.. 1""'1""'" or u,· ",,,tl "llk..]" (l':-<SB:, l"t~m'~"lion \;,-11 <li",l_
Ihe \"'8i8 11",1 it .h"old d"pl'i,'" ou,' Ib'l "f ib
f",' I",,,,,in~ inf"rmation On 1.:. is. n""sl lI"its 10 :-t...".i,,~ the dnlll"!-"'. Hoel" th"t """ "1<-,,,,,,,, "f 110.1 Ihe pl."" for I"" OttIII-..t"OIl "f II", "hilll'_
J"I),~n. thl" pr"g-....'" ill CJII."-liOIl w,,~ dilif.'entl~' ~I ..iking lX>w,,]" fur "bo"l :l1O 6 """l\h~ I" .inki,,!! liJ!hl aircrnft "'u8 ord"red, "1'011 ""IllI,I"lion "f it. lIin ".1 tl... E.", h"h ~"'Il "" ,\., .....
loonit"rf<l. bill no !lot' "f 11", oode "-b "noo'·er1lll. or ""riO\",I~' d,"nnuing- 4 b.nll.... hil>$ ""d ~ "irenlft .ttllck ",ission, 10 fl~' ,,81011" "" I-.-ibll- .,1<1 ~r,,, _ "_I "n ,"" "-"UIIlI~'"'' lhat 1ht-I'HrIU -
Ln ...ie.. "f tl ... numHOU;o ,.."'''-''''' n.il.blt 10 J~. curi..!'$. TI"._ 'us .. JI"I.....,I~1 to gi • litO': JI\I'.n_
• tltfinil .. ~""I"'llie ."p.....IIl"..J fnr ,ftirie"t ,i_
.....,,11$. 00r .n....k .00l'" nentnli... 1M r '. hi .. nkiflJ!
1'0...... for ""'rral -..tb,.. 'J1loo... f.... ,I"... n" ...
I""n for such infonn.liOll I'rior 10 i l~fIIber
1!H1. it ;,. nOl 10 be d''''b1ed ,h.l l'... inl"lligence 10 Ilf'nnil 1"".... of II,.. ke~- .rea~ in Ih" I'.eifi.... S. J4P."~J~ Ou-up41ioll of lin Phi/ippillu o.."nolion ....' 1'10.""""'" f, .... ilurrird """'I """Ill
~ribeo:l b.\· .\dmi.... l~ T..",ioka a"d XI~.'''' .... ~ A.i.tic lM'for-o. II... t". :'. oould mohili:r.e il. •. Th" J.".,~ op"nol;"'", .p'll-<t tb. l'!lili,.. I fo", lit. l' ;-,. CO<II<l _N,.I 'l> .uilo.loII- ...,
in IMir h.nd", no mlUtr ,,·h.t the chnlllll:'b. ",allllO,.-.. r ."d iuun"'"' ",,<I HlotllU .11" ..lfl'ct;'·e '1"
pint'S at ,he I~ill"inl.' of II. . . "''''I ...-i'h l"Iltll- --t '!-'111 .1ll1 _,rib in I"" r.nfit. I' .. "U1ma·
c. 1".. J.I",n_ had I 1.'"1;"" ."""'''1 "f del ailed roullIeruffe",i,·". Ix-I,;i\" "f ,hi_< llh''';linj.! hue 1'0111li""I.,· tarl)' .nd l'("(lllomieal .,~ ~lue .•!-"lll. ri f"........ III ,I......... bOIl"H.r.•tI.,·k",1 ..i,h
infor"'alio" oo'lt,·rni"J! l'. ~. fl'.·1 ""i,;;. "ir I."·,, di""u"-,,.. I b.,' FIt..,1 .\,I",i",l :\'"~"n,, (USiSllS tn f.;,.I1· "",,,pi,'''' illlt'lliL'elll"t' t'O"('t'.... 'lllj! .\11,...1 "'II"r lInd i"Aieli'd .,...iou_ 10......... "" lI".ir .h 'PI'II1I1·
Sl"'!ngth. ""d Olher ",ilitll"~' ill>I"Il"li"'I. "I Pe,"'1 Inl...·rOfl'''li"" ~nS-4). (','I'I"i" Fnchidll (IJSSII-" f,,,',",,; ';'lIid, P"'·ll,itt..1 ~tf""I;\'" OI"'l1I11(l~,all'!"'" as Ihe .IMp."eo<' h.d UIIl'M",I.
!-Inrbor which "'"s pill I" "lfrtli"e,,~ i" Ih" """. I "'errol:"li"" r.o:l-6) 11",11.\, th,. "hipf ,·".. n,,," on "inj.:. (.'Ou['I ...1 wilh th... ele"'""t .of ..."rl'rH,e. .11,,,
6. &1,1.. of MiJu·.)'
pri5e lItta('k. ,\fler t1... n,i,1. e..~"I",1 .I"pllll!'a' Ill" "I~lf "f C·i,,·C Comb;",..1 Flef'1 '(CinCI'A(" .J""",,_ ""Ii",nt" of th" .it".noll "' Ihe Phd'll- •• 'f1Mo I.nl<> of \I"I •• ~' ...... not.bk> ... rl~ I)C.
pla"e!; .nd • h8eh..... l lIlulj..'e1 ~111.",ari, ... ,-i"ld.....1 CinCI'OA W kl_,· Inl"lIi!->e",,· 1-2'2. R 1M' H). pines "-as fo""d I" b.. ~ub>l.",i.H~· I"OrreC1.•1·
ea;;01\ ..iIt I' :-, inlrllol.'t',,", .....,..mll'llC lilt ..n·
.nnou,,,,1 eI,.n", ."d OIber dOCII"lelll-" "'I;i"h I!I't f. The ,hI.. ' ""ere 1""lllIn..1 tn 10>\' olle·lhinl tlltHlj!h U. So. I.'",lllltl f"....." lI..inl.",rd oop'''1!*<1 _ 'I .->or ". the _ y ' . ildelh1~ CUll-
forth Ih.. l-.~. situ.lion i" f.id~· ."""nlle del.il. of lh...ir I_nitil..lin;! lIuil> ill Ill", Pe-~rl lbrbor ....... i_I.. ~ It",!-..... th.n II", ,'.1.'- had """""- ~IIlIlCII I· "- ,10"" .1.....h"l' Of'lI{)r1"nll~·IO
(I) n ... mid26 <ubmarin" h.d 01' 00-....1. U. S. .1I.ck : .CI"al1~. dIe 0051 .. ., 2!.l1'1."t'!!. 1 fk!otI.t ~'f'" 1"1"'1. . . _ ort!Iln 1 -I>k>y ~ f, rffClI'r1~ .nd
;>;...~. lI"dI"Op'llF"'" O~ chan •.-111..1> h.d ~n ,lIll11tSrill", .lId {, mid{.'t.1 ~,.s,".ri"e;;. h. The lie, 10 Il so~-of 1/o.. I'I"hl'l""" "I>t'!"- ..,b;.- ,.,.,.........
f tkoc' ·"·e ''''I'''''''Il(Ot·
uSO'tI Ill;. ' .... ck d .." for lite _"b', illlNltl",l,tansi' ftli.." ..s 1,1.;",...1 ..· 'hf. ""...,,,ion of ,h.. n",.,.)OI1 lo. Th,. .. nr",~: e--li",.,,,,l th.1 lhoe in"..1 01'1.0.,,-
j.:. TIle lin.' "",im.te "f tl", JlIf>!<nt'5t. :\,.n l
of tl... h.rho... II ,,·.s ."n"'''t",l..-il11 ,1"'ail",I"",·. nf Ih" Il'h .\ir FIH>1. ba ......I," FOr1'lO:'&--l1....". tion III h,••_,,11 •.-oul.1 .."'... frUln. 10.",1-1.'<'<1
/;""..,..,,1 St"A a~ tu IO>,.~ i"llict..1 On th" ,\",..ri· "ihilol;on of A,,,eric.nair.ln"'j.'1lllll 110... 1'1111011-
i~ali"".1 d"lI'. ,.-ilh Ihl" "'Ul'..... ",,,I 1"""'0"8 of l"" fort&!. bO'i<'1 Oil 10 pllot.-'j.:"lll'hs ,.ken hy ~t·
RESTRICTED
RESllUCfED
 JAP INTEL

__
RESTRICfI:1) JAP INTEL
ptlli;slsof t'. S. j;\ ~ngth and f.pabilities, th{lJ.p.
fo~ of 10112- 11Id 4-en~';n{'(1 pllneslnd 200 Ilmi.
bIl-I fighter;<. loxording to 2 oftieers ,,-lio pll1ie~.
I.. t~d in the mi;o;;ion--CBpt.in FllChid•• then air
jmlIlp coolJll.ndl'r of the C\" .U·"9" \ USSBS In·
ternlj... .tioll 003-1,-.) .•nd C.pt.in Wat.n.be. thl'n
ant'Se madll !ll'nr1l1 atlellll)\~ to J'KlIllture GUI"al.
can.1 ...itl> insttfficienl, fOreell which were destro,'ec!
;11 turl1. TI,_ t1lule...."ti,,,.tl'f! of U. ~. Slrel1J,,'1h
..ere rtSponsible for ~ri,'in):" .\men<.'lln fol'Oell the
Fttkudom... then chief of 111.nnin 011
SllIff (USSllS 1I1te""'llBtiOllS ~ !be 0e0waJ
II). ItIll '''eule''.''1 Uerleral II, 2G, 62H: ~t f,
""ff of th.. 17th .-\rnIJ It Gu1dY~' dllef of
(t'S3IlS Intl'~ltiOll!l 497-3. 4~.1 11&1. lilk,
....
inlo lbeGi

1'''''", ..... BJ.,....... ia

!*'..
...;.....
....
..
~ .... DOC COlUIlom!o:I ~ . . aotioII ...
..... tf~ron tlleCombin~1 Flfet tUS:~IlS In· "itll Ol,portu"i",to "....11".11)" 51rellj::lhen their p0-
",.U, ~ niB . . 01. 10 • lid ...
tl'rT'Option 6->-4). It..-a;;; not upKud th.t 01)- sitions. In ,\uS''''t. Ih.. J.I_t_ aueml'ted the 8. Ce"t,.J PMi{ic e-.p.;,.. d~"rner.'r.~&fl""'~ ...
rKBlItU of Gllad.le.n.' ""ith one battalion,
I_ition from I nl ...1 u;;k foro:e .nd carrin..b..!;e(1 a. In th.. l;Unm>er of 1943 J
.
I
, 'J~ mperittl boen nl1uall,. dM~ i. tIM' Iud ......
pl.n" ..-oold be e'KVUDte.-.d until tile Ihir.:! or
fOlll1h d.~· aflO'r tla initill lu.ek.
,,-hieh s ... iped Ottl. I" Sel>lt'mber, .n unsuc·
""""ftll.-ult ... as m.tle with 3 bBtt.lions. When
II ~ dq',.I1...... ~,m.~ Ih.t
from t III NSI. .. mild
t""
.'uneritoan tluMt
he ,timaril, I.
1__: of ~ cam.,. .'r polIp$ . . &f a.a-a.
JI'I",,",I.,I, In oortneol1o<l11 1rilh oar &a.piariIIB
. . I ...n IChon.
c.•\8 it develol"ed, the coordin.led .ir .uack!! the)" .Ill'tl'hended th.. inc""."" in C. S. Mrenj!ll!,. n ...y ....... ~.ldered • rna.... !!traigbt &C1'Oi:tI lilt' Vtl. operat~ in S"01'ftD'- 1H.1. n... ..
b)' I'. R l.nd.b..,;e,J fo~ consi<ling of tot multi· 1.~le joint AmlY .nd l\.,'~' assault u;;mg tral P.c,fie: ...... from the 1I.....il." I II"doI II) llfeDlt'd IMaJl'lWe of ¥aline. _iur iooo with-
pn~';ne<:1 1,1., . {; 10'"1'1'.10 1,1.""", Ind 62 Iir.:hten!, 29.000 troops (2 di"iRiona) ..u Ill.nn..d fO'!" 21 Oc· J·I>l1I .. Ihe IllOIil proh.ble Ind 100\1 fonnidlble OUIIIl1.ir .nn.
.",1 the planl1:l! of llwo 3 .\merican carriers in the tober, whit'h w., def.... I~1 <1""",i'-el,' in the litter th ..... t, .ud • full _Ie fleet acIion 1rU mrWoojef<' f. After !be Iaooin,r<l inlhp Glll»rto in X_ _
.reI. illllkted I ....... tl.,· def..aton th.. Japln_ na'")·. 1)IIl'1. of Ihlt mOl1th. S"'-Iueut .Uemllt.R were .\ mo"" fr()m the _th into the easlern C,roh'-: ~ 1&4.', lilt , Nilllll'e by the J,,,,,-,, Com.
FCHJr carriers (/{"glJ., .U·/Ifli, lJi~ .nd Sory"j lilre.... ise in..ffKli .....nd G".dalCt\".1 ....s .....eu.· M.l'llhalls ...... "'as t:<1nsidered the _ d llI08l b,ned Fleet thBI lhe ne"t American man
• nd Oil.. he.'"~· cnli;;er (.Ilihmo) were sunk. Thi! led b~' the. etl""'J in J.nu.r)" 19-13. I'rol..b.le threat. .\ Ih""!t from Ih...\Ielllia"" into "ould _ lihl,. be ;n'o Ihe .v lk n.e
dl'pri\"eU th"ir t.sk force of its lir Rupport and e. A.s ... con;;equ.. n~ of Ihe.ir eorl)' lu,deN'S,i",o. 1I0kknllio ,,·.s oonsitlered leRst likel,.. l". R cam.. r l&>k fo,", ,;trike 011 K j,Jein oa ~
n,.".mber 1&4.' "u In indi<-at ion of thltl. A eeo:ond
cau'ie\llbIlndonment of their llttemptlO lleize Mid· Ii"" of U, S. 51renglh, Ih" Jnp.ne.se air and 111\\·.1 11. Th~ J "1)11 nese na "sl policr It II;is tilllt' "'11 to
.....y .... ilh Innding fon:e$. power ....s flubslalll i.lly weakened 11)' lOS61'S inettr· o«:u,,: II deeisil'e lin nl engagement .-it h th.. Amer. I_ibility roll!lide~l ..." • more into the Caro-
red in the serie! of l~e",elll commitlllents of for. lin~ in tile ~'OIlIPI'·K ..... ie I ..... The third po&-
iClln fl~"'t.s earlr liS possibl{l duritl$( 1(1.4.', 'Iller
7. Sololllo"s Clllllf",igIlS ces used in ineffec'i,\, cOll"tCt'lIl111Cks. The best "lbtlny con.,derl'd "'~ I direct Iltru.t II Truk.
estillll,'ed thllt Ihe.l· ...."uld hn ..e a illJ-t,(I chalICe of
Jllp"nc;;e clln·jer lIir groups were S1lbslanli"l1y .-hi"h \\"1$ llot belie'-I'd likel)'. IIn"Her, the n.
a, Se,·.,ral i1l1 porlllnt llliS<)onet'pt iOIlR'''' I he I'll r' willning. It wns IItiticipnt.ed that if the ("ombi"...1
Krt intent of Ihe AmeriCll'~' .... 110< ""labli~ed
of tho Jap"lIe:!e '""'Specting U. S, st,~uj::th and ca· Wipll(l Ollt as unilS ill ,hllll<' I,elio",,; the long series VINoI \\".. r~ k"pt c<J"<:ent,,,ted ot Truk, the .\"'I'ri. Illlti! the lfl h.U,,'SiI!uh romo",lIced on ~JIDU.
l>abililiell ......,.e ill larj,'" p.rt respon~ihle for Ihe of nllnl actions i;C,·ioll.lr cut. (lOll'" their warship c'ln fll,.;t woul<le,·entuall.l' mO"e illto thu .N... lltl
Irr 19-14. It u no< Ullo'<1!'d thlt .. e "'O<lld "'>ike
~llet't'Sll of lit.. oounterolfen,i\".. tllO"" throu/:,h Ih.. strength in 1111 catcj,.'Ori../I. Trnnsport shipping I"~lll .n "I'portunil)" for tb~ desil'l'<l <1eei.i'·e directl~· at tl bN" of thp 11.Nlol\s ."d t.ke
SolomonR .re•. which m.rked lhe Allied 11'1I118i. losse;; resulted in. ShOl1aj;!Ollhlt pro¥n~si"el~' CUr· e"j,."'~"'llleIiL
K....j .....in ti"'e did. bill tlla' o<""r i>l,n!b 011 tbe
lioll from the defl'll!i\".. to th6 offenfli,'e. t,,-il~1 their oJlt'l'lIllions. not (111)' in the Sololllotls· r. :'ieRr the end of September 1m, .\d'lIi...1 pPriphery' 1I"OIIId be tak.... Ii.....
b. Th.. JII)IIner.e SUIII' opinion ,,'&5 to Ih.. effect :'iew Guine••re., but I.te'· in oth",. .reas .s \\"1'11. K~... C-in·C of Ihe Combined Flf.ott. rKei"ed in. {&xa~ on J'I"_ J>b- of the Cent ..1
tht. du.. to U. S. :'i....1 1 _ .t Pearl H.rbor f. Th.. efl"ect~ of this l>()Qrly con""i...,(1 plln of fonnllion Utat lin .\l1Ierican 'a._k fo,,", .'11 Ill- I'ao:-ilic eI-DlJlap .-et!' ~t_I.' In- '-ire Ad .
• nd heu-y shil'l'ing 10IIlleS in lbe .\lllnlic, the U. S. 01'.....liot1fl ill th.. Solom01ls ,,-ere far ....achin~. l'.....chi,,!:" Ih.. }larshalls ....... TI", Combined miral Fukudoone. miPf (of <til of I~ COlQbiMd
"'CHJld be un.ble to SUSt.in .n~' najor 0lwo...lion Th6 '·;l1u.1 destr1lction of the. carri..r .ir group Flfel ...u I'ttt in tl'.di_.t Tl'1Ik ...ilh Ihe object ~-1eeI in 19o13-H (l·:o-'Il.'" IDtnTOjllltioft. 5OS-19.
bdore tbe end of 1942. TIle .\merican IhmOl into strellji!th....hieh in :S-o'... ml~r 1943 had '-.n 101,,", of inlet'tt'IJli,,¥ the American IN force in • de- i'.I. 21. i!6.:r.. .lo2.f--f. ~. fl: e-nder :'iabjima..
lhe Sololllol\ll in lhe Quad.kan.1 I " iu .\llguOl b)" lhe. Cornbined Jo'II't'I (lhell t-!led .t Truk) for ei.i,·" ellj::.(,><:lmelll. In Ott"""r I~.\ il ""'I/l1IlIl Combined flwt in"'U""",,, o6rft- 1N-1-l.lo
19-12 caup-hl the J.I"'- b)' COD11'lete surpr;l!Ie .1 0l~ ... tionl! oot of R.i.-ul. tt'lldetl'd the ~t ia· .ntieil>ated th.t.n .\nlt'riean I~k fo ~ nlO'" (1·;;;'.:-lJ,~ Inte~liololl3''''~I, C.pllill 0Im.e.
• lime .. hen the~' uUI,repsrt'd 10 def..nd or ClI..ble of SlIl'portin~ Ihe Jll>allt'!ie JlO!litiollS il inj:: oorth into the llorsl..11s I 00 tlw ....i" "'of <6N of ,be I'" Mo>biMo ~1M i:n 1H3-U
m01l1ll In~' .. ff~i OOIInler.;trok~. II~ Gi]~I1' .nd }11r.;hBlls eillwor by fteoel .etiol '''11 of II", Co",bilWd ~1eeI ....' mored to ~:ni_ ,("&oDS IlU"""'P'"* Ien-~I .nd C..--.TIder
c. Afler lbe IiJSl, Americau I.ndin"" Io.d been or ..ilh .d«jU&te lir furce'!. Sukequent .UIWd tok ill hopetl of the desired bllIMo. n.e nl""'.ken ll.t."lIIII'II, <Ut ....... r of Ilr oq~..... ~ in IH:!-
iufom,uion lcadil\il" to 111_ lIlO"'" ... t i rK't'ired -14 (r~~ Inul'TOT:ll!d_ 123-:!..3J.)
made .1 Quadllean.1. .'.1"'- intellil:mO! ..rred mo,·... inlO Ih.. )I.ri.nBS .nd Philippines ore"
b~' t"~ Combined Fleet hndqU.rl.eN from Tok~'o
d~rou!Ily as to th.. MrenjJIh of the f"ret>- that m.d.. befo.... Ill")" co"ld rel,I."" 1 _ .c1equ.telr.
ill nch ill5t.lIa'. The,;oorce of I"" i"formation
9.•,m-...... c._p.i,.
hid I.Tldett rellOrling there ..-tre Ies8 IhBn 1»00 TI...~ fou« ltuJ a pt..i~ti"y el«:1 "PO'" Ille Ori" ...\fler.\merica.n f had n1ll1ured!he .\<1.
lrool>- in the ol'.....lion ...hereas more Ih.n 19p:lO all ""'r ,t,.ug/It a",/ C/lJ'Ubilitic. 01 JaJ'U"/~ "-Ill nnC kilO"'".
d. TIle lelUlll". S. n"..-e inlo lhe Gilbert._ ...... mirah .. 1,J.ntl... i' .1' " to h.,'" bHa the con·
troollll _1"1' in'·oh·ed. including th.. 1M M.riTl" Oi- yMclt ,lte ICIU aCr'('r fJMe If) f'eC&I:N'. ......._oflheJlpo._ ",.If,loIt lhP ,t A_rican
"i"iol1 ...;110 l.. rI (If lbe 2tI )I.rine DivisIOn ."d 2 WI! fi~ rt"'eRlf<1 OIl tlte dl\'. t..,.k fOl'l'f' ,Iruck
( 1Ir<,"t';! Oil ,'.I>aUe;,e 1'IltiStti of d'e Solom«t' off....i .... in ,lIP """,,,em Pat-,Ik ould come
.\nuJ baltalion!!, TIle J./»n_ .\rmJ !lUlf .Iro c.mpli~,,"fl ,,"ere S1l1lements b)" CIt"t"in Ohml~.
~."r". 16 l\O"elllber 19-13: .. hen th.. JaJl'lllf'<' in '\I,til or )lly If·B In tlll.,n.."la,,", the .mit'i·
mad" the errOr of bu;llg e.tim.ted lroop t'1!quire. llI"arch 1'1'1""" OIlL of l\,llrll di.;;ro,-ered Ihe I'.. S,
chief of suff nf th .. Sottllll.'a~tern FI....t BUtl in fOn:"t:!l mO"illg in for Ih.. nttlrk. Fun....r _t,.lk...
Ilation of tlte ne:ll I'. K n"'......... Nrl~', "" the
m.. nl for recapturing these poliitiotl! on Iheir eJl. chr~><:l of opeutional I'llI'll1ing for the Solomon; IClion comme~ in Jun......illt ,he~ofthe
.ltd Ihe Inndinp II Tara"', Ind llaki" follo...ed
p..riellCt'll ,";th the Chin<elle am] "'ilh the Urili!!h arell 19-12-43 (USSUS Iliterroglilion 1ll2-2); Cw opel'l,ion in-ured b.v,·i.·tory ill the Battle of the
fo~ in Ih.. Mal.,·.n e.mpai!:n, <It"'in$( IheN'sui"g" dl)"!. l'hilil'pine Seoo, Ill-~ June.
tnin Yamamoto. then On tll., st/llT of DesHon 9 e. BJ Ihl! time thllt thl! U, S. n'o ....' $ W..... midI'
d. 'Ar~"ely U a resuh of these erronoou! al" (ussns Tnterroglltiona '1I}7-2 10)' Vice Admiral
" I RESTRICTED
RF.5TRICTf.O [02
R£STRICTED JAP INTu JAP INTfL
h. h "·n. IhOlll!h. Ilml Ihp ,,~~l obj...... i...• would rf>IJI·......nliu).! 'I ~;~l11ifil'llnl "J"th(ri;i.. of iutl'lIijrellt"t
I~... illw,· p"hll 'II' lh,· .\I""i",m-. w;lh I'lIhll' Ih,' ,,,,t'k; ;1 ,,""S IntI'" .."plttr,..] "" Sl1ip,m (Cinei'ae.
n""., lik.. I.,·. Th~ lhrll~1 ",,~';"~I P"h," WIS {'x· ('ill CPO.\ It.. tIl IO.I)~9; .... e ,,1"0 p";!(' UO or l!li,
1_.1'11 10 he iml'l'·"'~III1·"J from I'ilhl'r lhl' .\,Imi· 1'I'1,,,rt). Thi. illf(ll'Ilalion w~~ nl hUlUl whell Ih~
..Il;.e.. or X{'... Guinn. The .he"",I;'·1' e;>ti"1lI1e .I.p,,"_ -t.lf~ fOI"'lHu1a11'(1 their A·Go JlI.,,~ for
...... •h. the Ihr1L~1 "'OI,ld be ,lincth' .l'"nI>- IIIl' d,.. deten"" ..f lhl' 1',,1.,,·)lari.nJOS ......... I-:um.
('t'nt ..1 Pacilic fn,,,, ,he ... _t lind "i~1 III the ;"',Iion of lhi. docum""l ..... <"111.. tl"'1 "I thl' li",1'
)["ri"I1I1_. "ilh :"<11;I'"n ,,~ Ihe 111""1 hkrl)' fil'!jt "f it< di,lrih"tion. u'lleh of the illfonnlllion Willi
ol.j''C1 i..... The h,lt"n"t jm" I ~ pro"ed 10 h(' (·urn·(·I. '"e,h. ~1Il'l'rj,inl!ly "''''HI~,h' itt ~o",e ,-e'l",d~ lind
l'". Tit.. oI"fell"" "l>1"I·"I;(,n pIll" (.\·Go I,l"n) ,",,,,), mot~' delRilNI Ih"tt ,tti!!),! hll\"l' lJ,.,.1I ex·
.. hirh "'11' ;!(',-i..... I,.. ("OIJnll'r Ih.. "utiril"'I";! n(''<l IJI'("led. Bhhou).!h il ronbin, " ~rt"i" ."'''Hlll of 10. PIHIi/JlliwI u.,.,.
1'. l". IhnH ill II.... I'...ifi<. ('Otl1empl"I...1 lh.l il ~r .....r ."d 'I_ulalion. It. >0('<)111' i~ ..-"r1d·..-id~. . •. r,.l; ._~ /:'"._,.._ .lIl IIw of
"·<>l,M be ",... 01;1111,. • na.. 1 O'......d l'on. ufoI'll1",1 .... '·~rin~ l·.~ .• ir f(>n~ in alllheatr!'>'. . 'I"""· II.... J"I._ .\"",~ ""'" X oQ .....
I.,. ...... rri<:'r u,k f"n'l' "n,1 "" ,,,nl'hihio,,~ f",,",. (I) 11,1' ..... p"r1 <I'..... rilJl'S th~ ~talf nndroll>lllnlld filII.• ".rt' th.t I"",. f....... Ii ""';1;...) ':'t...lioIIdd
TI,t' .I"p,,,,,.... pit", I'(Hnmtlt('(1 d",ir tll"in 11.'1'1 o"j!II"i"nlio" of .10" .\1''''.1" .\ir For<'!'iI top '·Ottl· ~It.t II ~ould h " ...... ,ltllio:,,11 h. uni.1 fin.l .....
'II1'H/-"h th " d.... ·i~i,· .. IIlll',,1 I'HI!").!I'..",m ill the 1I,,,ml "lid tll/' di.I~,"ilioll. C"'I,lo.l""""I. lIlId ,"'. ea, 11", ,.. 11 1 fn,. rhp ,,""" foll'''1i~.. """ of.1I
l'),ilipl'in.....-I'"lall "1Vl'. Im.....1 "II lhe heli,'f llt"l l!"tt;""li"" of ,·"d, ~;r force. III """'I ;"'tn",~", f"........ h.1 "~,M bt- ",.....h.Ufd; .,...1tI,i ... ill llln!,
d'e .\",..rie-An mo'l' "-0111,1 he fro", the .\dmi",l. lh.. mnll ...."" "f II". ttllil~ ;u each "ir fo"-,",, eo",· rt<1'''",,1 ""....f,,1 1'1.,,,,,,,.- l.OlI_1 "'.... 11 tbt ....
ti(.·XI'''· Guillea oIilW1:lOll to I'alau. '111l' Ill." "'.'HI do"" 10 ~toI,,,s 11,,,1 :,(lu.oIror,~ ."" oI.... ,J:. .n.I., ,- "f .11 "...d.u.. "'f"..... I~~ •. A ..-!.
.1... ,.1,0.. 1' ....1'. rQutrml,lal",,1 th.. ",.. of lh.. t\etot ill ".Ied....;th lht Inlt "l I,I.II~ lI"wII by ....,·1, squlld. ;",1>,.. '11I&"lt._.· <of ....'rrial ha. I-. dr~rl<opfd
11.1' Hl'"nt Ihllt thr .'''lUll ""~ .in,...I"t th.. )llIri· ,..-." """.11.,' "'"e<1 ~1"""li<:811.,'. e....ll i" rllany ..n..... 1'flI'1' J"I'.. n........... 'h.rat,n, tilt ul"",i~
n""~.II,,,1 ,,-,,~ I:otl'" mOllili",1 10 pro,·id,· f"r" nn,·,,1 to .h,' lIIodilit'"lioll letll'rs. Th ,,,,ntl,,,,, of p'''Ill'>! '1.1f .."rk d",,,, b,. tM .\rrny a",) X · in I""
"~Iio" I...·tw"'"'" II... Philippi"\,, ""<Ill,,, ~l",'i,,",,~ f",· end, ,mit is i1l(1i<'''I~d hy ,~",.,,,,",.,, 1"" lYl'i",,1 ,,,,,,,,1 b<,>ll~""'" ,10... Solp." II"di"..., ."d •i I........
..-h" .. il l_hm\, apl'''''''1I1 .hlll th~ ()ff~n.h·1' wOllld t :rbi" of 'W).!" II illli i'lll. toj::,·t 1",1' wit h a ""I""'DIe ,,,,. la'"III'jI-. J""~""·I"rtnl.... r li4~_ I" ,·ito .. "f ;"..
be .imN! nl lhe ~I.ri"n.s. ti",all' of Ih(' lot.1 1.lnlle, for ea<:h .ir fol't'r. f.rt th.t Ihl' .I.p,,, \ n,,~· ."d X.,.~. u"fd .....Il'.
•1. J"'.n..... ~t.1J e--li"'"t......-hirh h.,·1' been un· $r,,,,,, infon".Iio" •• to ba"". uSot(L ...... ~ of 01'...... ..I"" d'lI'r.... "1 .1'1' hf..,. 10 lOr I".nn~ pl'Ob-
("{>'-I'-' .~ 10 Ih.. ;4n'ugth of .\mrri....n fol'CP' Ii",,'!'. and dll' ....n·i"'.• ir Sltl'llOrt.•"d tl1lllSl>ot1 Jem., ,nrolnd.•1'1""""'11,. ,I.... in l""n t" .. , .
1'_ I" tilt...,.. ,bou.. ,nlell,~ .....1 """1
likel}' 10 be 1'1ll1'10}'l'd In th,- )I"ri.u.q ol'....... ion ....tr",.,II1,ls i. in<:luol"oI in Ih,' "",;e- of "'''''I "ir
"'UII>lIt... ,,- to I.... -'t"ati".. Ih'l .hlfl'l't\1 II' jIll.
"''I' limitrd to th,' rxp",,;ted ,·arri..r sHenglh i" lhe f,,,..,,o;;. E"dt IIiI' fo ...'I' or;::-"";""I;OIl is ~ltoll"ll i,,"
l",n.n! l"l'<1...·t'. tl,.. tII".I "d roI'~'..."1
.." 'Tier I,,,k f<l1'C~. '1'1",<1' ,'>1 illmles ,,"l'~ of "n "". ""I""we churt. with "c""tt'Il"".'"i,,/! e.~pllltllllur., plllll""'!! nf III<' ''''0 ".·i ,-on"ok.... 1""1>-
(-lIral.. d",raettr. nln!!itll! f,,,,,n 11_1;; '... rri....... 11,,,1 ""1'1'1"111"'11"",· n;",,,rh. • ... t~I~·.
..h Ih .-ri..r t".. k fon...C1I1.II" oou,.i..,..<1 (2) 11... o..,..,",,,i~ali"11 of lJ ... I~lld·u" .....1 Pa..ilic 01 .1-, E.N..t~.
"f 14 rrir indudill,!! II~ot>l h,d..,,..I;denl.. d .. -!" "a,..1 .ir "OIlI .. ~,,,ds.red~ril...t.1 .nd ,..f,o..-" in I 1·1 In .1'1 lherr ...... -ulNanlial dj~.....
(n~. eh.n . • hho,,~h Ihis i"rorl1llllion i$ !O"",,,·h., ~........ ,.f ,,,'in;,,,, i,hi.. 1. lop .\rtI,. <'ODUQIIn<b
{:::ou....... on Jap.. ne..--e ph.~ of 'he ~Iar;atlft~ ,k,·leh.,· nlld ;1l1""11.,'t... '1'1,.. eliI'm)" WIIS "",,,", .~ t" ...""..... 11<1 hm tlor ....n blo.....ould 1.11.
l'"mpa;:111 d"""ril 1 ,,"'-"-I' w.. re stutl'lH"tllS \'" .\d. "r Ih~ in"'~'n,itl~ II..., of pll4Y's (Lil>e,·tllOl'S) b, 1..... Ul'\I.nl (;r"r 1 .\n'lIP. dtu-f tof (; ~ of til..
mi ....1 '1'0.1""[,'. C·i (' of the Co",l>ill,'(1 FI~'f!1 in 11.1' ;\"".1' 'II the I""'ilic f",- 1"11"01,,,,d "uMk AI'I"~' (IN,,,,..1 :0<,.11 i,1 t".t .ftrr tilt 1.llll",,:
I(lH-l5 (l":;;;::B~ 1I1tern,!!"lion.. :111>-6. 7): \'iee "'-""Ili,,!!. 1",·...1'1.,· $IlI'PIHnI iUJ: fly;n~ lJoalS. "nd ull :'.'1.... il ...._ felt tl "Ul .tU~k ."OUI,I ''''llle
.\dmirat Quo ..... C·;,,·C of Ih.. neel t... k fo~ iu i"l!... !'loilil'l'i"", .lthooch II "';ghl br 1'-0 Ju...
.11l' Ihul.. uf Ih.. I'hilip"in.. :.::e.. (["~U~
~Iioll :t'> __ 1. 3. ~) .•nd ('.,Il.in Ohm.... ,l.ff
'ttl..
r.
• 1"" Ihl' f."1 lh.I ".",,1 ""/Ilion "·as rel,l"d",
.nlly .ir fo....." for IJCllr..1. ('011\0" -:ort ."d .,,1I. 1["8--11."; IJIltrn~_",>011 _I'_tl. It....,. do....J.d
10 P"'I""'" f.,...
dft:",~~e t.IUr _ )l,nJan.o.Dd
·uum.rilll' m;"s'o"s. :0;.".1 tnt;lli ...."gll... patrol
olli....r of Ihe l.ot ~'"bilt" FII'I'I Dud lh.. :Ird FIO'I'I 10 ~""I\¥then 1M ~lf'lll.,- Ii.... Iht'OClP Ok,.....".
ootnllland,. Fled ,\ir WiH~'.S I ,,,,,12. \l"('n; k""n
(I.::-:;':BS 11I1('rr<",:-"lion IIl_1).) F'onn,_.•nd "'lIOn. TIlt IIIndon/!. "' l"al." ."d
In It""e bt..." OI"·,,t1itl~ itt the .so"lh PllcHic "lid "'0",1.; itt &-pl~tl,bPr 19H """Ii"'....
1 thr ";I'W
e..\tthi~po;1Il il ..houl<ll", tlot,'d Ih"t in ;\I"t'('h Illlw"jiatt I>'",,,S "("IM"'li""I,' "111,,,,, ..1. iurli,·i,lu.1
19H tl,.. J.I",ne;;e Sn.1 Gene",1 ."utl' ..-as in IJoo>.. thllt thr II~'" mo.·~ wo"ld b<,> "Pitt'" ~I",d.".,<
"1"U,h"(JH ""';I!III'Wlll, were' ;'Ol kno:'II. excel'Iin1
.....-.,0/, of f'Ou~idr",bll' intelliCl!11Ct': of " ",Ih.. room.
1I".o!'e op..'ralill~ fn'ttl AUSI",lih.
Thr 1"'~1" I,,~h"g m~ .' ••,,'1.ri............ h tiN"
main .\rm~· f _ "t"l"" at \11",111".0.,,,1
I,",h..,~i.r nIIllI!'!' _n,i"l! I.... ol'J,.. .niuuions.
_( 3 ) .\ liM of I.:. .R "ircraft ClIrri.. rs i$!!eI. fot1.
dioJlO'ltior~.nd.t~t~"h of t".:,.. \rn,,. ."d S.,·" ..-tlh dt':,er'jllions Iml eharts ~howill).! <;Ill''''''
1 _.
I hI Thr Ith .\,1' .\rrn~- -I.If••, ~I.llil". b ...i,I!O
~,r fo~ . I" ~IDl'l:h 1m tI~ X.... I Ge"e .... 1Slaff
"-1"·,lro,, or).!"niZltion8 tlll,l ''SIimllh''ll of IIll't' ,,",'1' e--I>n,.,ed thlt C:::; 11"1""'''''. """' I" ~>lher
'''''lied" prntl..d rep0rl (-'()"{"'i"g lhelle ""mel'll Dnd pIn ttl' co'"I'I~"'etll~. TI'e 1''''''ltHem of Ihe U. S.
RESllUCTED
RESTRJCT'ED

"
 JAP lN1U JAP INTEL
RES1'RICTED
in.-.de Palau .ud from Ihere in..."" the I'hil· (2) Nally /:,'1I;1/I/.Ilr. I{1I0t, ."d p.rticularl,. afler tbe I' Ia
il'l>ln('>;.t either 1..e~1e or l..lIlnon n.,..or 10 inude (.) The Japun""" Xa,·.1 Genel'lll Sinff consid. l.ndi"gIl 011 Ifi September '" a Q atld liIorvIai
ered lhat Ihe 10S!i of :-:.il...." .nd Ih., de>t.ruction . ......l!"'fd - be
Morol.i .noJ from tbere in,·.de ;\Iind.n.o .1, 0.· lla.-.lc:<'mlllRlldslhatthen.en.,.,. IDI top
'-'0. .\ftn II.. I.nding lit Sansapor ()II 30 Jul)'
of Ihe J ap.nesf' .ir anti Reet !It rikinJ! IlOwer in tlwo Loe a~..mst the I'hilil,pille$. Th' ~ IIlOre :-Wki
19-14. t h i~ ...-cond l'SI illl.le "'a;; C'OIl,;,uleno<l the 1II0re Uallie of Ihe I'hilil'pine &a (19-20 June 1944) st.temenl of \'joe "\dmiral Fu~s IS 8C>"Ordi,,« to
prob.ble. ae«ll'\hng 10 Col()lll"l ;\1.1*'10.". ~nior t/l'-e D. S. fOrrel;. f"",,lom of 111O"ellll'lll in Ihe f"Ieft fIOm.u.nder (l;SSBS Inl udome,2nd AIr
st.ll' olIict-r of II.. 4th .\ir .\rnw in 194....." (U .TN .round the I'hilil'I,in"",. :-'.n~i SllOto.•nd .nd C.III.in "'l>Cilida (t:SS8.~:OII r.t.J3.->~J
lJS Itller~"liotb 249-4. "j.' .\t this lillll" II.. Formosa. Thi~ lefl thl'!!e .re.s .nd .bo. to • 1I3-4l.7). It -"lll, 11O.......er II • I "'''It."'1'''''~
J.p_ne:,e IhOllf!hl Ih.t tI.. I'hihl'pinN l.ndinb"S Ieo3er ~Iellt. tI.. honll' bl.mk 0l>en 10 atlack. It limingof Ihe _ult .nd its kx,.~ I It' .llloe'lllUed.
.....llid be m.lle ill S<'IMember or .... rl)" Oct......,r. is ~.ted Ihe st.ff "'Iimatl'd that follo...ing the l'ilH!ll rem.ined lllaltel'!l' of 001'1":;::: 1111' l"Iul,p-
Afl<,r Ihe landinf!" .1 1'",I.u .Ild ;:IIOrol.i on I~ landing on ~ail'.n. Ihere ould be I.ndings on r<Jmm.nd .nd st.ff ol!lce" ulIlil Ihe LtIInOtt« Ihe
StoIMeltlber. it ... a;; felt Ih.t • I.nding north of Tilli.n a"d GURIll ill Jul follo"-",,I hy I.ndinp 1!01l .etuaJl,- l"'OInllll'nced. Ap"l"\!lltl ,Ie ope".
;\linll.n.o ..·as more \,roboo.ble. p.rticularl.,· in
,·ie... of Ihe landing al I'al.u. TI,e "",inlale as to
in Ihe Palau;; anti Hlll",~h.,ra~ in Ihe middle of
SeIM..mber.•nd Ihat ufler ne,,·l,. acquirt'd laud
he,~ Ih.t Ihe ._ult ...oold . 's-
.ltllOugh there "'as Slro"........, -,. ',". o""'nber.
be.
. -.. • r KlIl I .t Il would
Ihe liltlllllt of "llr IIl'.'<t mon ,,'as t1wn revi"e,.1 10 blso.-s had been put inlO 0l>t'ralion. the Philippine!! be III early October; .nd. as men"·•••., L_
XO'·emlJo.r. as il ,,'as the st.ff opinion thu.I least wo"ld be i"nd....-I after Ihe middle of XO"ember . I TIC "'lnI ........ e.Ad·

~ momh.~· time "'ould be n....-essar~· for p \lHratioll. 1944. Thl"8e e_tinmtell "'.. re in sulJ,;lanli,,1 accord
.'.
;t~'ral ...~,-()< k°tllm.nder ill Chief of lile Com.
,me< ee~. I>lC ed Augu~t or September as lhe
(ej On the other hand, Major G"u" l Nishi. "'ith Ibe ....,. Ih., ~;IIIOli()n " ..t"nll,. de....lopcd. e,,· prol>llble tUlle. Such is u p _ b· C
"'Unl ••tIl a$loiSlanl chief of staff 10 Gell" ....l Ya. eel't thol Il;e Philippine ol"en,lion collllnenc",1 a FIIC,II(.,~ b ).
e ' 'Ill.",
otllm.nder Nabjim., IIta! illielli.
mhhil" during lhe Philippine "R",pnign. hM month earlier Ih'lII .... pede<l. l(em~ 0 .'eer of Ihe Combined Fleet (USsns In.
~tRled thlllth" po$i!ible landing l'0inU eOll~i<l.".c<1 (b) Admiral To.,·od". C"IIlIl'"llder in Chief of 1~~mgllt'(}lIS 139-4, ~). and by Cal'l.ai" Ohml~.
Wertl Z.U"hollllga. D,l"IO. Ce.,·le, S"mll Cnlz. IIml the Combin('(! Fk~t fvl' II,,· ~'eur followi,,!\" MRl' e1l1ef of stnlf of Ihe 1111 Mobile .nd the 3rd FI I
.\p,,'·ri \USSIIS lnt"rrol:""tiun 4H>..{\). L.ey! .. WH. leslifl~d he held Ih~ "pinion Ihlli. the Alli~{1 (I~~SBS ~".tel'rol(ntiolll;,o.....,). l'heorigiIlRII:~
WIS ..... id to h""e been Ih~"'l:hl the llIVi5l likely 'lll"l'k Oil the PhilippinM! would commence in >"",I'"g opalloJl Ihat ,\lindRlIao "'Ill the mo.! likel .
poinl lU,<I theil'best Aml~' di"i$ion, Ihe lGth, ,...s
placed there.
.\"g1lS! or :-;"'ple",her (USSflS Inle'T0b""tiotl
378-i). He Rdd~d th.t il was impOSl;ible for lilt
p11lee for R Philippine!! in'·l.lli(ln pet'lll,ted.,
t~,ouglt Samar, I~yte, alld Luwn "'el"ll eollsidel'l'd
.t.
(<I) The ,\rm~' General Staff,..u &aid 10 have Army and XA")" to pn'lla", A" "dequAte <lefe11Sf llke/.I' IIp(l!s, ",il h Y np Rlso considered. likel illO\>fl
fo~n .n e"entunl Americ." nKl"ement in tbe h~' Ih.t lime, since both !M'n'iees "had lost l't'lc. for the nut AIlie<I'oo'·e.
l'hilil'l,itlell as far b.ck as Oclober 1943. T... o tieAll~' .ll their SlIpp';Jrt in/{ .i''erll ft ~ in tI'e MRri· I (e) It i! tlote"'orthr that lbe J.pa.lf'llIl' fol'ell!8
e..",,,,,.lilies "'l're Ihen CQfI$iJ.,~_ mo"" north. a".s And preceding operal.ions. in Ihe I'hilipl'in"'" ,,'ere un..... 1"\! thai the l'. S.
,,·.nI from Xl'''' Guinn.•nd • n....1 __ ult di· (e) Base<l UI)()II the;;:e i"'.t.'S, Ihe Combimd catTier lask force .... s on lhe mo"e unlil 2 or 3
rectl~' aeros;; tb., P.ei6c from the e.st. 11li li"e ..leet st.ff dre .. its "SIKl·Go- 1,IIIn for the def"Mr .1.)"8 before the iM.,tnber carril'r SInk,.,. rom.
of rft$OIIin~ "'u disclosed b)' l.i"UI"".II~ Colo- of the line joining Ille Philippines. FornlOllf. met"""l. 11,;. detail "'u diseloosed to.. C.",.in
.",1 I....ltu.lti•• member of Ihe Genenl .lI" :-<ansci Sholo. Ilonll' i~l.ndll. 1I0kkaido, and IhI' Gellda, of the X....I Crf'lIl"ral sur (CSSJl,S In.
from 1940-1" (USSBS 11I11'rn'lpllona 416--6. ~ Kuriles. The anticil.I",1 _ne!l of action ..-m ll':rt"Optiotl 4n-2), .nd by Colonel ;\1.tAlmae.
6. i). He Mid lhere ..-a.';I.lso some Ihough. of the di,·ided. inlo 4 .rnJl•• nd I liuhpl.ns ..·..re de.. iseoI senior st.ll' oIicer of lhe 41h Air An", in }I.nil.
10 f.cilit.te prellaratiom .nd comm.nd in earl (tJSSUS Inlerrogation 5'49-6). It ~ .dmitted
IHlIiIribilil,. of • md\"tll"len~ ...orking from Burma
....... I'nonly being gi>'en in Ibe follo ing order: lhat .bout 200 .\no.. planefi "'ere caught by sur·
acTO!» the continent to~n1 the l'hilippi_. 'J1J,e
~Sh(}- 1 Operalioll-I'hilillpinl'!! . I'nl!le .nd detilro,-.d at Segros, Panay. Tanpo.
• 1I.clt on lhe Philippillef ...... "n"isiooed Li an T.llj.y, .nd C.gay.n in lbe first olrike. It ;'-.id
.ttempl 10 t!e..u lhe Japane;;e IlUpply IiI"'" in Ih" "Sho" :? Olll'rali(}n_~tlhl':nl Kytl~htl. For·
1ll0ll8• • nd N./llil'i 5holo.
th.ll!le 41h Air .\no,· had only!! houlll .... raillf!
5OU1h. PI..... "'''re made 10 OOild uII ~rengtb in .nd "u un.ble 10 dil;perse pl......nd I.ke .de-
~Sho" 3 0l'ernlion-Ilnushu. Shikoku, Kyushl.
lhe Philippines. OOt due to 1llI>Ch grl'ltl..r shillping qu.te defell8e m""sul'f:ll. Simil.rly. 100 fightel'll
.nd Ogua.... ra Lslaudll.
1 _ than h.d been .nticipaled, Ihis t<>ttld 00l be "'e~ reported.1oIt .t C.,bu.
"Sho" 4 OperatKm-Hokkaido lUll! Kuriles.
a«<Jmplished. TI,e m.in mo""lIl('lIl of fOn:ft .nd b. };,timult' J/uJ~ After Truk F",_ Slru"s
This inforlllllli(}1l ie conl"ined in IInswer!l by 111I
8Ullllliell 10 Iilr.,ngthen the Philippinell did not o",",,,,t'I(xd fM u!llt Opt....tiM
Minister of Ihe XII"" to UtisnS MenlOrDtld. ~"
b"'t und.. r ....,. until June 194-1 and thl! 1,IlInnro (I) When Ihe U. S. CIrrier la,k force .IIMb
0,3, nnd in sl"ten,.,nb by ClIpl"in 1""chidR, ,ir
ehipmentll "'el"\! onl>' 00 per~"'"t compleled "'!Jen <'O'"llH'cllc<!d Oil Ok;t"''''. Rml the :"'a.l.....i 5h(ll0 00
~llIlr o/lke.· of the Combitwd FI~~t (USSBS Jntt~
the U. S. u$.lIIlt "'8S made on Leyle ill Oclobrr 10 Delohe,. 11)44, il "'AS conj.'Ctured tbn ~hi~ "ll~
1"l(Rtiotls 1l3-(;, 7). I'ro[,Rblr n pre/llde (0 all olf~nsi"e Rl:"""t 11,e
19-11.
(d) It IIppelll'8 frolll olhe"llOtlr{:eslhlll [,,. ,'Il"
RE.STJUCl"ED
RESTRICrED
 JAP INTEL
RESTRICTED JAP INTEL
Philippines: 1»1""', Ulilhi. itll Fh,.,I-L".\·I" Ollif.
~('<'<''''llli,l",d.l'Xt~pl Wilh ''<'''I.....·t 10 Ih~ {,or north. IQ p"llie, ,,,,,,ultill/:, In All , d
Gth At·",y_.',,,,w,itl",[ \0 ["-'."1" landin,""": ptto, . 8 "''' l,"ll'~ I f
(4) Tht, <lin·11>il." "f ol'ini"n 11,,11 t.~i'll;'d "t fll"l "".I ....·0",1 der~n ... Ii" 1\ <) 11lI'1~
hif!h ,'mmn""l1 m,d ~t"lr It'''~b i, ft"1hN- indit"ll~1 1'"""1"""-1,,,",,. W,-,l,,"" X"W Guinen, FU"I~"stcn, ,
",to the nO"lhwe" e..rne,· f I
ClI.ndaw'h'
"ra..-.l
- \'Ie II
hy "n,we!'" 1"1'1'''1'l;'<l loy d,,· ~''')' )[inblu in .\ir F.,n,..-IJ"""d "nd "I'e""ling fnnn M"".,'''i ndc",l..,d J"t",,,l;'$C "1"",,',, " f ....• . • d,n.
• Ij." <ot Ihe I .
"'''I'''u''' tn I':-:~II~ )1~"")l"11l<l\ll\' N,,,' O. I[~ de· ,,,nl \\'{'_tHIl ;\,,'" Guinp". 1''''):''' "s "'·cr.,· bo,l." "'JI~ ealll'
thll",d it InlS till' ,-.,.li",a1l' thai tl",..,. ""rrier ta~1< (i) A,lllli'111 Toy, ... I,,·~ inl,'lli::;t'llce mnccI'niuji: C. The 1,,'dli,/e,,(1' fi(",1 .
fon'e ,trih." in OtH,I"'r ill Ill{' ;\,,,,...ei :-:hot". 1'''''. till' ~il"nt iOll "n :!O Oelul"·,, w"5 ~(llo,t""t i" lly '·Or· I.rylp 0 1 " ( ' 'Ir 1<1 Ihe H</II/, (r1r
m'I»I, ,,,,,I thl;' Philipl'iu", \\,'n' "0 mOr{' Ihnn ,,-"'t. Tlop fi,,,,,t il,fon,,,,ti,,n reCt'i"p,I:<1 lteet 1",,,,[,
(1) '1'" f,,('iJit"le. cou,i,lernli"" ,f _
~illll'le ,."ids and ","',' 1,,,1 Iho,,~ht I., I", sl"l)il '1",,11el'>'; in ,J"p"" Ihut " landillJ! w,,~ in I"~IC<..~ li,"'.. nl~' I)l'ohl~",s i''''oh'ed , , ) the 11I"'1·
,\I, , . , . ". .Ill t 'e "'~""~r
1'.... 1""·"1"1'.'· In lhl;' i""",i"l1 "f II,,· Philippine'.
en) Al'C.woli,,~ !<) Ih., ;\u"," )[ini~1l'r. Ihe ,Jnp·
ill 1..·.\·t" Gulf wn, Ii ();'Ioher wh"" ac!i,'ilil'!l
"f ",i'"',Wl'''!>(''''' ",,,I dem"I;lio" t~",us w",,- M"'II .w "e, tI,le_
III cO"'H~ll(Jn ,
,/:,elll.., \\',,~ hn,,,Ued I . ,
,
\I uh the 1>"", f
" , 'e
"
J.,..
~ Ot ""'Ie (julf
n~
"
'"

""''''''' 1>,li"'''I<- of thl;' ''''"i]"hle I·.~. ,11~'"~lh "S b." t',,"~t w:ttd,,·,-,;. 0" tl'l' 18th a ship'l",~hip e"n· d,url show",):' thc .J"I'OllllSe ..... , . .•
of It> 0,;1<,1,,'1' w,,~ n~ f"llows: ""I'>';ali"" wns intl'l'l"'l't"d ",hil'h disd"S1·d th,,\ , . .'s '''lm"luee<.1 h~low''''''f Mm"'"1'"
).!,,,,,znUou ,. 0,.
1ll1"liugs "'e"e to he $omh of 'I'ad.,lmn. Mine_ . f t· rOlll I ,e 1tllerro-
$/'{I Fir, 1_[0 CY. (; C\' L.li-I:! C\'E. (; lTlli,...,-,;. !!uum, 0 \ 'l'- .\dmi"8) K",.il" ,V"S" •
.,'. 1'\ 4'1:
40-00 1)D. (.\d",,1 fif!""~ " .....e 8 CV, s cn._ (; ~\\W'IIe"~ w~,·" nl""·,,till!! ill th" I)II1ug "I'"a. On
Till. (; C\.:! CJ, (,U). i CL. 58 ])1),) t1,~ 20th ~h01'" w"ld",,'>! "nd ,·,.. -,,,,,,,,i,,,,,,,,c,, pl""e.<;

I)m1l";'::" inflictl~1 ,," ",8. 1",1< f.m'e "If F"l'lnn~u .-epo"ted Ihe followi"f! f"ree. ill the [.crtelll'<'ll. ae-
I'!-H OelOller,4 C\'s sUlIk Ill' bt"..,,.-I,,, ,]a",,,ged. conli"g t" Cupl:>i" Oh,,,,,,-, d,i"f of sl"fr of I hc I,t
(.\ctu"l liltl!!'-'" we"", I c.\ dlllll").!Nl. I C1, )[ohile n,\<l 'k,l FIc>N'i (USSI3S 1"le''l'''I!''lioll.
dnn,ng",L)
li;(1-,1, 4) ,
I c'~c COM91liED FlEET
ll-""".o'
101000 I
7111 Flul-to IIB,:W CY E. 20 a"i",'"". (,\el1l" I
fiJ!llre~ wen' IS cn~. GOBB. (, CA, GCL. 00 1)D.)
1'roop"-Ii, ,Ii,-i,io,,'. ind"dinlt )(n,·illes. (.\c,
III L".,·le O"lf-14 IHi_ ",,,I cr"i._e,·" i t'''lTie..,
"".I t>0 ""all "",,,tJaI,,,,t 8hip~.
Olr 8,,,,,,"·-----SI/ t"'''''I'''''ls ,,,,d 20 small en",-
I:utalll ,hips.
,
I ,m I fil:!'''1'$ (In 11'(\('1>5 ,-on""il led 10 the 1.e"I\! I" "d· OlC tot COMBINED
C...C ~'h FlEET
in~ wel~ 4 d"'i,i,)]], I,lus" H''''lte,' ball"iion (II,,' .\ 1'1,,,,,,chi,,):'-,, fiB., I(J cr"is<,~, 20 t"a"~r:">I't".
C,"C 2no FlEE1 C,nC 3,d FLEET
v... AOm So,me
Bll-SE ..,R FORCE
Glh .\ ,'my cun$i~1 ed of 2 ('Qq'" "f 2 d i "i~in", ,·,,,'h), Off Tad"I"", (lit) ",ilt'" '''''uyl~1 cn~., 2 Vie. Adm Kv,,"o
V,co AOm OlO~O V'"",A~ ~.k_
2nd 0"..."""
II t01,,1 of :,O.M:\ lronp;1..) lIB_.:! e""j,.."" alld G Do.,_ S"'~''''l Fo"e Ph~'IIII'" No....
A"Otk ~OtCI
(G) IntelliJ,.'I'nee ",'"il~bl,- to A,l",ir,,1 '1'0"0<1,,_ TIo," aLollt 'I A,"",)' ,Ii,'i,io"s We'''" I,,"din).! th"t Lon'H.o...... ~
C"""",,"der.in_Chief ilf Ihe Co,,,Line.l FIc~I, "" d"y (:.'Q Ocl).
2Q Oao1Jer whid, c""'i(~1 hi", to o",le" the Il,,,·t to (8) Thc C"n,hi,...d FI~l'\ "':os uot o"dered inlo
Ihe Philippines,con,i,t,,,l of the followiul!' "ction ,,,,Iii ",'C"il'l of the ''''p''''t f,.o", wntcher<
Ihnt 1It'I\I,,1 hll"li"I-"< we,,' lakin/! place lIt l""-l~ D,o."fon
Thm the ith FI('('I 'Ul.1I """,[l<l"IS weI''' .I"ndi,,!!
bf ill Ihe "icinity of I....'·te Gulf. Gulf 011 the :2Oth. "ceordill)! to C,'!,I"i" Fnehi;I•. '"
Allook Forc.
V'ce Adm Kurllo
·C· Forc.
Reo< AdM N.... mu'o
I., Atr
Vic. Adm
~II.'

Oo,otoi
2"" Au ~II.'
w......... Fu~.""...
Th"t ulthough the c"'Tic,' ta_1< ft>,'Ct wllsllelined Ihe f1cct "i,. "llker (USSBS JlIlelT"guti"ns 113-G,
10 be oper:ttin~ in ",,,t{','S '0 Ihe C"51 t>f the I'hilill' i,8). Il 11'''5 tl,~ ",issi"" "f the C"",l,illed Fl"",
pines, it w,,~ ,hought 10 10""" slllre,,-~I,..,nsi<le,,"ble ~o dC8"'O;- ~~''l'''~ \'n!!u~~'1 ill II", I""di,,).! "llC"utioo CHART :nv:
dama!!t'. 'n the 1 h,!,PI''''~_<' J he inlclliJ-'tnce as to II,!
'n'''llloe e:,tilll"ted tllctie,,1 o"g,,,,izul iOll of U, S. 1..c.\"I" Innd"'g~ "cli""t"d tl ... SIo" I ollCI,',lion, (:!) Thf JUI'""e,,e tu.nlc I'I~" al",-, will 1>1' (InfOMIl.I;,," ('n thi~ l'h.,-e "f Ihe J.pa"....,
fOree5 tI\'llilable f",. the IIp'm'tit>,, Wn8' (!I) It W"S not umieip"led that )\ lnndi'lg on sk,-\<'hed ill ).!t!lle,·~1 outlil,,' as all ajd to th~ pre;- pl.ll"i"fi' is "',"t.i"....1 ill Ih.. in1l;'rn'j:.'1IliOl'" "f
n~ .\d""rol Knr;l. rC';SB~ ~i-!,. 61. C.pt.in
l..c,"'e '1'0111<1 be ",:>de d"A~ 10 T"dob:tn lInd Ih! elll <Iiseussi'>ll. 1'01''' f"U "l"~llnl (>f lhis b:tttl~.
.lrllly-General ,v~cArtliur Fud,i.11 (l'SSBS 1I3"", i, \11.•~d",irol Ton"l.
~1,'fcll_""'!1 wr,·c nOI, designl"l af!ainst ,uch n I~tld· ,·".fel'tllcf is ,,,ude to tl", ''''p'n1 "r II,.. ;\,,\'51 ,\j,.I,
r "&ill:;: 371'--"1. ("",",,"_ud..,. ~["ri (l"S:"BS':!:\.'!..
Gene",,1 Krneger, Glh A,',lly...\,hnir,,1 Kincaid, .",is Di,·i~i.,n, [·SSBS.
mg. As a l'(m8eljueneto, lhe h",di,,,, IIC'''' T"do· :1. ~l. 114:-....\olmirol K".nn.l!; t rs.."'ns WI-":'. i.
7th Flee! bnn sll,'(......"led in "'''llil').! olr 110" ,~t,,1 Slot"'" of (3) 'I'b~ IH·in,""," ,,,i,,,,i.H' of Ih~ C,,"'bin....1 ;'). Ill.1 ('"1I,,"a,,,]..r :-;i,Julio (,·:".:'-HS 3OO-:!.:I,
Nu<'y-Adlllirul.\'imifz sttppli~s "I th"l b"sc. which had 10 l..e- ~h"lHl<",ed FIl'Ct w"s the ,]e,tl'''clion !Of Ilw IR"dilllt fon'(" 4),.11 ",..mbersof Ihe fo"","" i"'·ol,,,..-[. I
(10) The .1"1'''"l''''' "Iw. ll",[c,-eSt;lll"tl..l tl" lInd s"pl'0..li"f! ,hippin).! "I Leyle Gulf. It ".h H) '11,.. :lnl '..1...., ('-;~ .\.Imirol 0 ..."-.) ".••
Admintl I-["I...-.,r, :lnl ~'I('('t
power "'''I elredi'-cne.<s of the U, ~. "''''al boo'" pIQII,,>'\1 10 8l~"'''l'li,1o II';, lo~' a 2'1'1"0","""1. pill-
'" .1'Proooch II.... Philipl'''''''' f",,,, Ja"an "ia the
Th"t Xi",i,z "'''s 1(1 e'l("'l>enote with )["eArlhur ce", "11e"" in" L.\' ~",.f"ct- f".......... TI~,> H ni,·er·
bar.,lone,,!. ,u'eol'dillg to ~I"jo" G"ner,,1 "j~hi,,"'"" BU"j!\> eha"n~1 "" I .;.oulherl."· ,,'u..... : make '..,Il-
ill tht' Philippine in",,~;on, si"" .\nuck Fo"" "f the :l",l FI....I (\ i"" ,\olm'ntl t.cl ,,'illl Ihe 1'. 5. carrier u-k f",.".. which waS
~'SSI!;l~tll chief of st"if to G"llcnd y,,,,,,,~hilll ,I"J'
Thn Ihe esti",,,ted di"l_ilion of U:
S. foh~ef1
lllg til<' e'''''I",i;!" (USSIIS Itlte,.,.ogntinn 4f~)'
K"l'lln) W"~ 10 1'' ' "'
thr<'ujZh d,~ ,'i"")'ll> n".1 Si, bolie'....J 10 10""1"'1'11"'/,1 ....1of Lu",,,., I."" ..h car,
"'''$; :.lrd Fleet-operati"g ill "'''len; 10 e"51 of L".""" So'", \l')\n~il S~" ]lemA"li"" :;'trn,1 a"d.
Al l..er1c, he s"id, Ihe shelli,,!!, cIlllscd lhei,. lrool~ RESTRICTED
RESTRlcrED oM:!OO ,~
 JAP INTIIt
RESTRJcrED JAP INTEL
rier aIr altack", UllOll Ihi~ t""k fo"-~, RIIl11n,,,il it· ~3,24, 2::'). His c;o;l'llInatioli wns sulJl,tulitiatoo by tired to rhe we;;t\\-.rd for. period
.lielf ~f a,,~· fR"oraDle OI'I)QI'lllnil~' for "urfllce.u:· his chief of stllff, Hear Ad'lIitlll Koyanaci "a,'eri~J' of Ihe air attaeks. ..Ilich llJlder tlIt' lhe '-ail of ,*-' ~ ".
tion. PrimarilT. Ihe 3nl Fleo:'l wu 10 k~p IhlS (USSRS ItllerroAr.,tions 14ll-2,3) us well as by in reachillJ.: kyle GuU (USSJkj ~ h'm _I.le
fon:t. en~'llJ,..,·d a~HI dl'ol'<l.I· il 10 the north of Luzon, Commllllder Yllmnb'l,rhi (rSSl:I~ Interrog.tion H _fj, 1", 8). nterrop t lOn8 ~ tlI'tunac.d lbat tJM. C. 8. tun. ......
193-<l) IIntl Conunnnd..r Mori (rS~ns IlIwrrogr.. or I earnm., :t or :I beUIeaft.i,.. ad a ,..
lit) Ihal thll other auark ftU~,; wOlild Ill! free from
(il) Incoml'llsttoK"tiLa·~$illlat.ion f!lei '""'-' dloridtod that I t'a....... 1 _ _ ... 1
an.ek from Ibe I'. S. r.rrier Ihk fon-e while t ions 233-l'i, G, 1", 8). lIuder repeatoo 8Ur\"eill. noe .nd , ,.0 n, -t1"O,"fl' hat! I.... """k b1 1' - .
carrring Oil! their mi"_101I.t l,.c~", Gulf. It wu (8) Jnn'''ligation shows thai Ill'Olltilluing u..sie . II • tara he had
I'rucl.,ca J' 110 worth'i\'hile intr.'lJi
S f
'_
I:"n\'e ~nlinl: • (l~) On~Or1:''''t,l ... f..... lJlia...... tile
weakness in the Jalmnese l)Q!jitioll I hroltgbout thi
r....". i..
t

.l8o 1)lallllOO th.t lhe l'. S..... rrier t.,J,: fo~ U, . Otce!l. He states that 'i\-Ilto he lert Bnrnei 'Ih FIm f,,,",, lh 1;lIlf or in the i _
should be dn'i\'n into the all.~k nn"..., of FOtlllQli& action was the lack of .dequ.le operntional intel. 10 launch th...ttaek he 'i\'lIJl i"fo-•. ' L.
• U<nt t"a~ lhere
......u"l,- ""uall~ ('(on"",'" of tbe foIlowiDc. ....
• nd Philippine l.nd·boo:iOO 1)I.ntlJ, aeronling to ligerK:e. This is!;f-'tn 10 h.,·e contributed to their • ,__ •
"ere .""u~ 200 .\rner,cal1 tran;;"",. . . . ,.. ('(onlltl,r I" fiJu........... p'1td by the .\ir 8rudI,
• d u.... .......--, , ....1I1e-
C.pt.in Ohm.. (1;85BS Inter~..lions 100-2, other difficulties. .nd to h.'e OOInllOlltlded them. s tups, all appropn.te &cco<nflllllyirrg cnrisera ~ of ~ .... I ".","II~, 1& C\'£' II ORB. s
3,5), Captain Fucl,id. (l'SSHS Interrog.tion They ...ere unable to l,.'et adequ.te timely infOMnIo. alld destro)-ers" at Le)1e Gulf. lIo...e," • U.II<l,,""DD_
113--9), .nd RMr Adminl )lat.$Ud•. (USSBS In- tion II;; 10 the strength, 100000tiotl .nd mon,ll1enlll of . ed r, ,~ reo
cell' 110 M!COlln.i""'1<:e inform.tion f land lu tlti. I'nPm"'''1 thl' folk... ,"Il" l'. S obI""
lelTO(... .liOll.'! 3N-3, 4), .11 ollit.'ers in Ih.t .ction. U. S. fOreel, .nd "S. COI~ue,~ "'ere openting b&sel-I pl.nes. in the Philippine:o- The firotll , ...,., """k, ~ ('\'t;""J I)U. 1 DE. 1 JITB.
(:;) The C<>tllbine,J. lla,... Air Fon.: (Viee A.I- a lar~'e IIart of the time by gill"«! and ch.nCtl. 'n,e . r' L tst. tram· IHI l)griol!' IhI' ~I WI,ode <If I.e"l'
lIlg 0 .'r all...-.. on Ihe momi,,/!" of the 24th .....
min! Fukudome) had the mi""joll of coordinat.· chief cause of the I.ck of .dequate intelligenee in Ihat planes had beell reported o~er )I.nila .",1 (;"If 'i\ tlb tlwo jrh .-I.tot f _ .\rIu.inl Kurita
ing Iand·blo!!ed air .uacks ...ith Ibe .nacb of the this situation was the ttl'urring failure 10 ",.in. thereafter ..-ere 800n detected by the shiP!l' radar did inlftwpt ...d ....-r- f,.. lhot ;th ~
J.pane!lt' 3rd Flf-'tl UllOlt the U. S. .... rrier task lain air re<:Onn.isgnce, which "-as admittedly. 10 thl' f.LooI ",!'riff t...... f _ ~pot1~ that It..,-
at lOO-i20 km. 'The~' estimaled th.t the C "
folU; of .uac:king Ihe I.ndi~ fo~ .nd of fur· c.rdinal ...eakness. There i. no ind>eation th.t carrier lask fora. 'II"AS .bout 8)...ioo miles ~: .. - undrt- ~'t" .tlkk and l"fqIlftfinr:.id. and
nWting sud! .ir ro"er .nd ,..,.,oon.iJJ;a'lee ~ it there was anT elfec:ti"e J.I..r _ aublll.rine t!ICOUl· .1-0 thl' ",pl.• lhar 1atoI" cou.Id _ be flll'lli:J>M ffit
east of San Bern.rdino Strait 011 lhe .fl~
eouid to the .nacking n.ul forceil ill the south, ing in these ·.ctions. Capt.in Ohnllle, 3nl Fleet ~ boo..... Kunia .t-o fared .tla<:h b.. land-boo.-J
of the !Mlh, mainly 011 lhe baEis of !he direetioon
h 'II"alI pl.nMd to coordin.te lhe .uil.bJ,e .nny chit>f of suiI'. ;;I.ted th.t in.dequate NeOnna;' 1,1ADe" at I~~t., boot .... had 110 iDf~"", "" to
of the flight of the 1;1a~ bur had no specific
air fon:ei in thi" plan, a«oniillj,! 10 C.I".'n Fu· ""nre ....s one of lhe m.in rea.8IJfUI for failnre of ..-bat 1.1a.... "',,",ll"h the .~ had aJ>l,~ if
re<:OlUlaissance or other faetwll basis for the de- .n.....\llhI'timt .... ~olI tJu.~ and
chid. f("~""BS Inte~"lions IIH, 1", 9), Com· theopentionl ({;SSDS Interrogation 100-9),.nd lemlin.lion at the ti~. When he ~Wd frlllll
mander Y.maguclti, Openlions Oft'-r of thlP> this is borne OIIt in the inlerrogation of Rear Ad. hradrJ ""rtb. af,", I "tfI, be had """;-,l't! no ....-
San Hem.nlino Sirait .t midnighl be had DOt .. lIJti,r,.l ... f...... GC'inu·Uie.......-....~. Bear
Combined Ih!!e .\.lr Fo......."d 2nd ,\ir Fleet minI Koyanagi (USSHS IntCl"TOj,,'1IliolUl 149-3,4),
reeei"ed .n)' infornlation on tile posillO\' of the .\duu...1 ~""'inlttra'_ f.~.SC'01'!. "'1>on 011 tbr
(t:ssns IfIlelTO(... .tioll. 1ll3-3, -I) •• nd \'ice Ad· Comlll:lnder Y.m.~"l<:hi (U$~BS Int"'rro~tlo. U, S, carner task forne. He expected to lone to ~~,h 1""1 hP ....- II. . . . • ir .Il.arit wbl~ ~
mini Kurit. (Cssns Interrogalioo 41"-1"). 193-1) .•nd "ice Adminl Kurila. fijth~ his 'i\·a.l· OOt of the 5trail .nd ..,., lIUrprQed o.QUth tlf Xesm:o- .boII ~ rI'fIOl'1' the arlO' _ ~
(6) Thia bold Japan_ baule plan 'II"alI put into (9) The seriOllSl1fJ!Il'! of lhe predieame.n~ thai ..-hen no foroe appeared. The Delt morning. :u of (.... ~h .~.><in~ lhat ......."" ~r ""'J."'do
U"tl'utioo bT Iheir foroe romm.nden: a«ording to ronfronlOO lhe ,.. rion!! enem~· forces due to I'" October, in pJ'OCftding !!OIllh off the Samar _ I_t .naeklllld Hi....lin/!' Iaio ume of .m""'.t
plan.• Ith~gl, the Ameoon foroea strnc::k earher of intelligt>nce has been indicated b~' certain ill' «last to.... rd I.e''te Gulf. rhe fiN kno... led~ lhal thl' ta~, X.iIM did be hue ..n mf<ll'1ltltiolt
lhan U"lltcted .nd thi required some ch.ngtlli but cidelllS reported b~' the romm.lld and stall" offioe" Ihere 'i\'as • fo.:c. bet'i\"teD Kurit. IUld the Gulf from "il'f ,\d,,,,...1 0ur.... 3rd FJ.".. U<.'tpI a
il rould DOl. be carried lhrough or ac:comlilished il1,·ol..oo. Their rellOtIII .re !Iome'i\-h.t oonfll;Jflli carne when he ,·;su.llr sighted carrion plarw;;.nd reI"'" 011 tho- ~4th lhal hto ~ had .uacbd lhe
.nd ended disastrously. Se,'eral facto... entered .nd oonindietof)'. bu~ this il no dOllbt indicatin Ihen e!iOOn .... rriers (li''SSBS InleJ'TOglho'l8~j-G. l'. 1'\. lhk f,...". atwI_laoded iJt the ....(er and
into this derisi,~ J.".ne!Ie defeal besides Iheo,·er. in I.rge part of their mental st.le.~ the tillle of ,,8,9,10,13). lhe remaindrr III lhe l'ltihl'l"~ TII'O lIeet _.
• 11 8Uperiorit~' of Ihe .\merican forces. The .ir the e.'·en1$, which seems nther lIuderslftlld.ble. "D. (12) Ac:cording 10 his ehief of Sid. llear .\d· plane. "e.. ""ut ont '0 -ouuc lbe Surigao """ and
~uperiorily of U. S. carrier .ir fort:ell O'·ertlllirom. dfr the ein:lunstftn~. minI Koy.n.g; (Ussns InleJ'TlJglltioo H~). 1M."", to tbt north of tbr ........ """ of the I'hil·
bined enemy I.nd·ba....d Ann)' .nd N.,·~· air fon:el; (10) Vi<:e Admiral Kurita. has recounted hll'"" thf)' "were '1uile taken aback~ and there ..·lIJl doubl iPI>i~ X..ilher rtlumtd: I"'" OM bieb "'-""'ted
Ind their ""rrier air fo~ ..... m.rked.•nd no he was twice attacked b\' ~"blllarine8 on 23 Ot- as to whose th_ e>lrriers ....ere. H also ai'llfll,.,. llOI1b 1't'1","Noothinjt ........ ; tbe otJ>e.r nenr re-
doubt deeisi,~, tober .t 0013, as he 'i\'a; kginuillj: to enler till' lhat the "I.nes of Ihe Japa"_ 8rd Fl~t. "'hith ,oorted. ,HI"t I~ bad rh."i:ed"",,,,,, 10 t"'" nonh
(1") The failure <>f the enem,' to .chie,·e Ihe roo Philippine watetll. Ilil "'OHlllents were kilO.... had atl.cked lhe U.S, carrier tLok force ott lhe h. "'"''''f(] ." intli............ho rommunintinP iDdi·
ordinatoo timing of the action of Iheir nriOlls east CO>Ist of LUZOll On lhe :i~th. did not tr.mlllit cat"'/.'" Ihlt XbI"mllra had 4lilerrd "......re dam·
.nd lie 'i\'as ullder alt.ck from thn~ ~illle on.... n1.
fo........ nd mutual support. which "-as 90 ,·it.1 to a II)' informal iOll rotlC'Crning the .t reng1h. di~posi. ~oe;; in.tO adlOPearl~'lhat .....mm/.'". hut nosp...,,1fi<:
IIis Hab'Shi]>, Ihe Ata90, nnd ulso Ihe h~.'" infot"llIlJOiI ordr4.il••• tothl' Ulenl of d.n~e..
the socc:e!!lI of thi. 1)I.n, had critical re;;ulu. Thi. cruiser .Itaya, wern sunk nnd lhe Tahro WlI!! di> I;on, or movenUlms of th.l force.. T~enen,~' ~att
hi, k.r'1l1ion or ,,1••1... ~~lIIne duri,,/.'" rhe d.,·
..·.s due llartly to flOOr cOIl1'llImil'lltion. and 10 al>led by sul>lIlarine ullacks the Iil-llt day. ·n.. had to re>ort larger,· 10 5pectll.1I0~1 III .ll.mpun~
.... Ihr ~h.•ft.... d1anl.'"Ulii: ('OIl ...... 10 the l1O"h.
!IIl"ere llIJbm.rine .nd .ir .Hack. on Adminl ne.~t day he was 11I"1,,,,· air nltll(:k while ll'~"fl"!!in~ to llSritlJatll the ~itUlLlion. TI,e Chler of ~I.tt fur·
K"rila ..-i,-ed .n ill.:I1""" radio "'110" to ,I""
Kllrit,,'s 2nd Fleet 011 23 .nd 2~ October which. Ihn slales thaI ill Ihll enll"'&'",nellt on Ih. ,.nomin/!
the Philillpillcs. Ame";cutl nir "trucks sllilk t/lP l'tfl'<'! Ih.t Ou\\"O'~ 3..1 F1f-'11 had bee" hea,-il)'
said the Admit'lll, elowed I,is ad"auCCl to Ihe of the 251h wilh Ihe ;th FI~t, ('jlCOrt c.rrler fo~
lIew superllnlllesliip MIi~a~"i and disal>led tIll' ..IIPl->f<I.ntl dam.I.""'. h . llool Ih... ftogship.•nd
plnrlned allack as well III mnterially weakenillg his off 8,ullnr lhe Japnnese ,,'ere obliged to do lhelr
cruiser Myo~'o, IlUtl 1111 of his other l>"ttleshipi , . t"Ion 0 f rel;ults on Ulc"",I..<I • nil1hl torprdo al1""k. Th"re \\'.~ no
fon:e (USSBS Interrogatiolls H~6, 7, S, 9,18,20, nring, JJJanml\'ering, alld esilina
weN) dmnllged wilh one or 2 hili! or mor"('. He rt'
RESTlUCTED
RF-STRICfF.O
"
 JAP INTEL JAP INTEL
RESTR.lcno
~pI,.;ili,· i"fOllllati"n liS 10 the t',~'.. nl of O.:aw,,'S n.'N "".< ",,,,,i,,;:" ",-,mh ll"""gh lhe SUlll &a lh.·i,. h'lUllJ,,!wd plllnt'll on I•'" ~'n an , F"rm
lI,h"'n "f ~;.•hi,,,,,,·,,·, f","'". hilI il Wll~ nner
dall,af!"'. hi. 1"';1I1i"n, el", l"tali,m of "II" "Rni,'r
~i;:"hll',1 ",,1;1 II,,' halll" ,,",,< lllld"l'wJly ""d the""
(21) On lhe lHon,inj: "f III 2Ot1
Jal'llllC'ie anI Fle..1 SOl1ie" In' , ',~fote thp
.... ~~R •• ~ ..id &boat <'OIlIiJtc -.b .. blip
I",k (on'('. "r,l", ~"is,ing "1I".. no:lh "f "i,h..r. ~" . . .not'tlnl/ o ,. l!\'t. ComJl1l'fl"jIlJr. 0IItI0, U. S. am.
infO"m,u;on Or ;n,'r""li"IIS 'n'n' 1'('O'in~1 ,I"r;nj! w,,~ 1I,.,'.. r all" "Jf,>eli"e "'lUl·dill"ti"". its lIl(onnlluo" wilh re'l>ect t II ai" '-""', "'''''''k
f,"'... ',I.n"" tIM' Ja.._ 8Jd J1II&.
'he n"rth"'n1".! c"I11':;" froll1 .\dllliI'1I1 To.,·o.ln. C- (18) B,·",. '_\d"'i,'ul :-<i,hinlllJ'll "n;"ed III the lll~k fon..:.
wa~ 1o Ihe efF~ ", ,u. 'I' 1",Jol, "artll'r
~~, " l l (Vllta"le<1 .,. re"....
III( 'I I. to Il<II1b in .t'mnI_ wi&h IhI
i,,-(; ('01l,bin,.d FI.'<.,l. F"ili"c: t" "!le"",,lel" 0111' ,..,,,th.. I'n e"l,'u".~· I" SlIl'ij!IIO SlI'"it al 0'1:10. whieh 7 c"I'I'I"''S "",I "'as 100'R!e<l off I . ' &"1111'1 to I,,", II..,. 1', !'I. 1a>d< fn",", in that di~
fon"'•• Kurila l'.. tin·d Ihmug1' :'on" B""':<I\\iH<l ""'" elll'1i",' eh"n Ih,' 1,1a" 1",,,·il1l-<1. ,,,,,I I""'ei"ed tucl ,o;<;w"1'd Whelill ca' "')Ie. n'efi""' ...... Il_
:,""k Ih~ 4 "8tr;Pts in tI,.1 fota' pIQII I ""'_ ....
rrt..r ""nrc), pial ."
Sll"llil thnl lIij!101 (1';o;::,IIS InlpI'1'>j!:ui"II" ,Ii-H!. Ih.. ""di"id,>(1 "(("nli"" of lhe ilh 1"I"ee 101'llle. Ow U. S. e",k (0","" III abulll 0100 L_ II' ~l 1l~1 .l,lN"v.,el'!<. n,. I'. s. I..... rota' lntc the lipl
Ii",•. \·itl' Ad",il·,,1 Shilll"'~ fl)""~ did n"t ur·
. 0" I"" 24lh east ""rrwr l'I"iWrl"".
11. 17. 18.:!O,tl.2:'j, "f 1.,,1,0"' lie ",hse''''ee "f :It>(1 mil I '
I '/" es rOlnlhtJa/_
(I,,) Th., d"!!'"<!e "f bh"ne whid, mny 1,.. nl· "i,'" '" till' ",-"'II" "f th .. SUl'i:;"" "dio" IIlllil ie "e",' 'eel. IP," c1"'*'-1 e" 1:10-1')', .~ IllI e, 1l1,,1
' {:II) J... ,ki,,~ •• Iht "'.tt~r ill 1't't""'P"<'l-. the
lathed 10 ]\1I1';e" f",' hi. failoll\' I" lak.. hi.I,,;;.....s. """S ""e" "",I he f"ill,1 III 1'1'''"" ""." df''''l;''e nl· I"'''',. , /
"le(" 1/ }'n 1/
. , " ,11"""-,,. lll>olli ~) . II'
. au allllek ""r"'''"",-" '>f!iee", ."It, 1,lay..1 "'ai", r"tt. in the
,
which it w,,~ nmidl'''l ..d "",,101 n"""",e 10 a" ","~h I,,('k, .\t ,100'" 1200 un lhe 2.ith the SldgUN'P re- 0" I I'e , n""'ltlll!
" fOI'('es. Tbt~~ , llaHI~, r..r J....•'ll' ('ulf.•",1 ...h" tI-<Iinltllly apo
"" I' ."'''; w.'re ",.
". ,.0 P('I'('.. III. "",I ,.e""hll.. l." pm"" lh,.nugh his IIt,rl~",1 the t1i~",;1 ,·,.u~ ,... sulls of lhn SUI'i/!llo IItl ion del'l~1 10 I""d on LUl,on "fler Ih~~aeorlhe ." k I ' I,"~ HI Ih,. I'a"'jrtal,h, .t,,-"r, ..I, the "pinion
nlla.·k on Ihe 7110 Fleee cani.. ,. fo,'~ a",llhe f"t 10 Ad",i""I, T"",,,11l Ilud I\"ril". Io'H "",dll no 1'","8011. /, C
(ec u,.el! ,"ptain Ohlll"" .'ell~'of " C" 11"<1 Ihe l,rHlnp.l ca, f"r Ih~ f.il,,", "f lbtir
~
;",·~...I of In",~p"l"l ~hipJ>ing in I"'-"le Gilif. in "p- '''1,,-,'1 "f Ihe si'el'''li"" 10 Shinll'. "llllo"gh lhe :';Inlf. lh"t "01\1' ,,1,,1'~ wo"ld l.oe ~"nk becau>& "'e °1..,.... li",,~ "... II..,. "· k,,...... illllw .if. Tll1R ....
toint"n,... wil h 110.. ope,.,,1 ion pi"" "nd ehe r..p,mled I"lle,. waS pm;!"'d "" I'tllil·(·\nellt, fl'om ell" Slr"il we", coo ~,e"I' "" P"'"l>os4'!I, luI"!' .\"oU,.,Ioip,; Co ehe "lttilmeetl ,,,.i,,l) to lI,~ I~ jllflit1~1 '>I' tI,..ir
"I\le1" of Ad",ir,,1 '1'".",,,1,,. will prob"l>l." bl" lhe III "ho'l1 0,11>0 (I'S8B8 I "(("'''''1!"1i'''h :19Q-2. 3, 4. ,,0"11.~. 8lJl"Cl.r we would '-'" SUlIk: lhnt wu O"r a~r ~0l'Ce'\ ,ill Fortu,..... a"d th~ Philippi""" by thf,
dUl." (USSBS J"l~"rog"tjolls lW-l. i.), TlJi. l,;, •. carrte. la,k f,,~ I'rt'Ji,,,i"a,.,' to ",,<1 duro
"'lbj""'1 ,,( li-·cl ... d;"''''''';''1\ fo,. 8''''''' ei",... In ".7. 'j.
'"~ lhe l ....y1~ 1."<li,,~",,. It .'a, reJ",,;,etlly· l'oilUf:<J
"iew of 11,.. del'h"',,bl,' I"ek "f ,,'o.. kin/! im.'!1i. (19) The n,i""i"n of Shin",'s ;jth FIt",·t was 10 ~1"1.r 1",<1 p"ogno>;licntiuu were '''t!tly w~I1 fulfilled
foil",," 1'<ishimu,.,,'s fo'"",,; lh,'o"gh S,"'i)!uo Se"'lil III wI h J"'speets. Out I],al Ihe Jack uf .,I"'ru./.I' !'l't'rn111"i",a,ltoe and
I-'\'ll''e ill.lit"e",1 "I",,·... it i" e"sil." ""d...>;l"ndahh'
Ih~l the "'''''I .. lf~",' i,·,·,,~ of hi" foree "o,lId Illtl,tlly ulld "'l"ck lhe I",nsl")('l>< a",1 ff>l1:es in I,,~.'·le G"lf (Z"2) So f,,,' "S O~llW"'~ 3,-.J FleeL knew. it W~3 ehe <'011""'1""'" Ja~k of "l'ernli"h,,1 lIlt~lIi""'ntt>
h""e Jx.e" expected. "fl"dhe"I""l bel'" "Uaeked bv K" ..ita "nd Nishi. nol S;ghl~'(l unlil abo'll 1600 On tim 211h whtn «"... r.rlllle farto. III lhe break·do"·" of the op'
e'"lIl!O". TI,i. a.[lCtI of d,e Jal"""",, air weak.
(113) The ....· "io,· ,uni"i"g "Ui,,,,,' i" Rear .\,1- n"u''', Shim,,'s ,t"tr ,,~i,'e(i '"' ui" ,·.'(,,,,,n,,,,is· one of lhe U. S, jlJune~ """Ie <:<;InIaC!. Th~,· "-~I"!'
n",,·. u well .s Ihe iuetf~i"e lIalUre of Ihtir air
mit,,1 ~i~him"I",'" "C" F"'1:e. C""""""der X;. ,,,"ee Jt!I'0,.t oil 110" 2:l .. d "epu1'ei,,)! lh"l lhe llll\in ~u'·l'riSt.'(1 lhal lhe,l" were nlll aUa"kcd Ih':1 ,I,,,'. ~1l8ck .1\<1 deren,..... depn"ed the J.p."...... of .",.
~hillO. CO of Ihe d..... l'·O.'·e .. SMg,m:. h~~ le!ilified h(}(!l' o( 110.. U.:'o. 1'<n"1l1 f"ree. ,"""sisei"/! of 7 0.. 8 Iml ~'(",cllld,'d Ih"l "l1""k~ "lllIle "" Ih~ J'I';" ~ubsta"ll.1 likelihood 'If """""'" 11". .Jal,,,n~
ffil1".t"ill;! Ih.. inl"llig",,('to ".~Il\~·'~ "f Ihei" "I'",.u- I"'llll',hips lind "llt'''l 40 lnn'SI'<}l·t;;, We"e in the "esc 211d 1·'It..,1 whil,' lrn",'",ill/! lhe "i~)'lIs I",d 11.,..1 ,,~f'; i,,'·oh'.,j ha,·p affirn1t"d Ihat lbi. IJoltl
Ii"". .\11 "f ehe ,hip" in lhi~ f",...... ""..epl Ihe G"lf a,,,1 110,,1 .'l<'' ' ' tOl"p"do 1"'''IS WHe IlL lhe etl· OI"'''pied the I'. K cAITier task fo....-e. .\1 Ihi~ plan "'a~ " 'w",lIr co,·_,tIe.... I ..~ doomed. bul Ihae
SMgllr". we"e """k in the 11,,"1,' of :;:11I'i/!,u) SIn,ie 1,"",ce. TI,,, fOJW'S <of Shima a",1 :-<ishimm'lI nC"er eime il WIIS ehought lhat 2 r. S, cal'l'iel"$ hnd been "tleh a ,1 I"'rale "l rok~ .'.~ co"""'i'· 1 a" th.. 0"1,,
;n Ihe elld ... lHo,."iuJ! "f Z.; lklob",.. wI,en tl ... ~· ~igllll'd ..ach Olh",' ""Iii lh" hal,le h",1 be'~ll j"i,,0'11 d""''':'''NI and Ih.. force cOIll"i"ed on[,' I <:arrier I"",~ihle dial..... of .""I'liul! Ihe di ;;!",r fa", cl';'
enCO"nlered 11w b,,"le Ii"e of ""r ,eh Fleel in lind ~hill1" '., "lufr ddt,.",i"",1 ~i"hil1111nl's position ""d 2 hl'lI I""hi ps. 1'" "1 of their :lrtl FI;"'I WIIS dis· ;n~ ill 0" tbem.
th .. i,. allew!', 10 fon"! the ,,1 .... i(. The "per"li"" fmlll thc g"" n"shes. These Z fo,......s were "ot in pU1ched 111"1, night 1" make II ,,,rf.,,,,, 8uack un d, T~" (11'"""1;,,,,,> M I",yl<
piau. as it alfe<:led Ih;~ fOI1:e. Wa. tf> for.." lh,. ('OlIlm"";cu,io" "'ilh eM!'h olhe!' ,,,,til Xishimllra the U. S. l,.sk force. 10m oo"e"tt wag Io"e after (I) J)u~ tn I h~ fllCI lhal II", JII"'''''''' I,.d .....".
5Hail fr"m the """nh and "tt~ck lhe ll'au~IH}"1 1"'OIHlt'L'1 Ihe f"el t h"t Ilie 1(ll'p,~d<> al ta.,k loud !.>ten waitillg fol' tl ... tondusi"" <of a 10l"l~~10 ,,"ock ~lIt"'led th. bulk of Ih..ir tlef"'".... fon."'" a!rlli"'1
shippin/! ""d w",."hii'~ iu t.,'ye" Gulf in eo<>rdina- made "pon him. o))('lIillg tile "tlion in the sll'"ils. hy 11,,';" 1""d·Io"""'l!'l,,n...... ""d "'IlS ""w,. ,,,. a l'hilil'l,inr in,'"~io,, .1 L"z"" ."d )"n<la"lO,
lion wieh tIll' ~(l"ck 1.0... Viee Admir,,1 K" ..il"·S A(lc" !':hi"", h,,<1 ",ad" his h,'e t"t'T and n!>OJ1i,'e g"i"",1. The.\' l",d "" .... pOl·l On Ih~ mo,'eUIt'IlI, Ih.·.,· h.d ""J.,. 0". ,Ii"i"iot, ttt... l\ilbl U L".\1e
fon'" fmlll ehe nOl·lhell_1. ~i~himu .. ,,·~ fo"'-,,, wus "llack elf"rl.I",,1 hlld ,..",e,·",<1 t<H';-se a,,<1 retired "f lhe U. S. fm'Ce d""ing lhe nighlafh'''lhi. ""'" "h." II... I."di",....' (}(,." .......!. 1'.:-. j!ruu,,,l f"n......
10 elller Ihe G"lf fi,." and uUllek "I 0030, Vire follow;"/!,, «tl!isioll ill"ol"ing his n"I,'!ihip. he ad· I"ct ,,"a~ lo,!. This i" Ihe te~li,"o",' of He.r _\<i. .
enjo~·,>d • c..",ml"diuj1 >'l'Ilf'.i(:,rll). ~"H f Ilwir
Admil"lll fih;",a'" :,ell FIOOI w"s to foll"". .'Ii~hi_ ,.ise<:1 K'"'il" ",,,I Tob'o of the re"ers,,1 of course II' i I'll I .\lul S"'",. co",,,,,, "del' "' CHili,' I (rS::'B." I....'·e..."I,p)i"" "','re COI""·mral ....' al T.d"I...".
mura'~ fm..,.. i"to I ....., ·'e G"lf a",1 "uark in ~v­ 1:>"1 ;;1 lIle,1 lI"e hi"g ,. l;;e' ,,~ lot10" t"'enl~ of ehe "ij1hl 1"1""l"QI-~,tio" :\4.)-..;;) ,,,,,I Cupl"i" Ohmae Wh.." lhe I"",I",~ ",,,", 1n.,I<.· cl""" 10 Tad"""".
,,,,lin"lio,, ((;:"S13S 1111""I",/!"lions 390.-3. "). 0" th .. s;I''''1 iOIl wil 1l''i'SI'''Ct. t" NishiJllll,'a. "crord· (rSSHS Int ..,...,.)!aei(,,,. 1',(1...;,.(;). ,v,·.. rt'tl hy' lh~ "" )""'·teJlr t[(';\,,· naula",1 ~;r
(I.) Theit ad"a,,,,e inletliJ-"''''''' ".,,~ 10 th" .. f- (:<:1) The 1It'.xt mOI'"illg. the 2~Jh. the.\" ",II' oo",bal"\l"'''ll1. lit., I"'"io>o,tri<ken Jal.."......· H,~'
in/-' 10 CO""I"'IIlI"r .\lori, II ,lllfr "fIit"I' o( th.. ,jlh
f,'\:t ehst the .... wo"l<1 be 2 Or "'''I"ll Lalll""hips, G Fl'~l fUSSES Illll·,.,·")!,,tions 2:jj-3, 4.5.6. !OJ, ""'lcd Ih"l lheir lieN Wll' llbot,e 100 ",ill" from Iheir HN ~ lill",... "f deft"..... al.. n,I""OO Ih"ir "''1'-
"Ii,.... "nd It,..ir I'rel"'l"l'd ,Ief.,,,.., I'tloilion.,.. a"d
",. 6 ,-,,,"i,,,,... 10 or lIlol"l! d~l"o.'·e]"f;. "lid 80 In'n~' Ihe U. S. lU:ik f",,,,e.b"llheil'ileurth pl""l" failed
I'v"b iu 1..e.'·I" Gulf. The.,· eQnsidered d'"l ehe...
(20) The ,J"l'"nese 3)'(1 Vleel cOllllnunded b,.
\'itc .~dlllil"lll O~llwa, w"s "ssign~lllie mission ~f Ic.l""ale il. At 11."1 lime their 3rd FI ...." h.,l '101 'n
withd"''' Ih" ll(>l1h,,1'O'l <'Orn~rof I"·.. ·'~. II wu
reeei"cd sulIki""1 inforJII"tion In tleler,,,ille how n""""""'" (or Ib" e"..",,· 10 "".1> ,..illf"rcellle"l~
would be "bJ" 10 fo,.e" lhe sl""il, e)('''-'[11 for" I">s' e"I-'''J!'''g lhe Ame"i,",,, fllst eanie,. t"sk fOl'centr .,Id "",;ph.... l(, /..fo~'IC i'n <>1"\11'1" to '''Minu,,, "ny
"ilole"...."""S ill C S. r1'ui~I' ~1''el!J!eh. Tht,. hUll lhe (·llS~("",.st of 1.1I~~m "lid dJ'fIwi"g il "S f"l" J\ol'lh
elll' ope""eiolls (,f Ihe olhe" for('(>' wert' 1""'!iTt""'·
..lfl'l't;'·. defc"",.
,>(',,,,,,ional ""lit"", Oil Ihe U. S. (aSl c"l'tie~ tMsk ill;:: 0" j",,1 wh"l ""liS lhe ~ilualiou. "'I>om Cal"
(0.....,. bill WeI'" not rone""nO'l1 with it~ pOl;ilioll
llS l>OSl;.lblc '" m'dc!' 10 keep il 0111 of 8t,'iki"grllll~
tai" Ohm"e, Th"l Rfl ..rnOOll a m..,'sa!!e wag re-
{~I O"~r I ... l.d .... ""rind. ("",u ~'O Or,"""'' to
"f lhe',. olher fOJ'ces which "'He to ullllck tilt ~ Xn" ..",hlor. -hil'!,in!! """s """mbJ,,,1 ill ~la"iJa
"J;<1 "'<"'e11\e"l~ "s il ":"S Ou( f>f sll'iking "au/,,,,, cei"cd fm'" Viet! ,\,I",i..,,1 J,urie" 1't'1'011",!! Ih.l
'hippill)! in ["'."le Gulf. It. ,,"ns ,tlso planned to .nd di"p.lrh... llfl 0"".... ".ilh 11"\}(.)1'"' .",1 '''l,plies
'\ord was ......ell·ed t1urlll~ lhe Ulh ehnt Shillla'6 1111'1' the U. S. lask f(,,"C,~ withiu sHiking" ,.,Ulge 0/
10" h"d s,,"k 3 0" 4 .."I'riers off S.I".r, bllt noel!·
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ill.n ftlt~ml't \() ",illfo...:(' the .'lIp."'.....· IHrlli.mllt middle of D<o<-ember 19H. .\lthoul!h \'. S. mo,·e.
Lfo.,-t p • Of Ih.. ;1:... hipll !i<'1I1. 1111 bUl G were !'unk indicaled Ihat a landin!! "n Lllwn would Will ..
"OOn.lhe)' did "ot e:<pect il 1Il11ilthe ellll of J.n_
tu.lt ,__ .nd .... II,. ...cirity <II .........
b~' C. ~. ellrri,'r lIir aH.rks. with """'I of the ~IIP' ,.,..rth .'I't'rafl
I,li!'li 1,"'1 nml 'eQ h,.. ,~ tl.......I' 1 _ . LT. S. 11I1'l1· uarl·. nnd Wl'-re slirpri!'t't"l Ml Ih6 elld)' I.nding at
in....; on l'l.mnr .n,llh" i.. llln.l~ olr n"rth..rn I~)'I" J.;"~II...en alllf "II 9 Jlllill/ll")" reporls l.ieulenant d. A.<1 ..... s.u""'on I'.M. r-~ ..
tf<1Jy \(J lite 1.0 OJN'I'II1ioft..o~ 'W t-
d"'lro~1'd IIn~' rhllnrt' of sUPI,I~ from I~gaspi. Gen..rnl _Mi~·u.ki. chief of opernliou.1 Illllnning Inl .. Il~Bra/lf'"ltofOSI ~ vs_.ur
TIl(' .\rn.".i<.'llil I.ndi,,!! ., OrlllO<' w., Ihe 6".1 fOl" Ihe Amtl· Gem'ral 51all' dter II 1)e(o('lIlber 11.lu'o}im.sC.smpMg" ('",.,.;"" tiUk f()f'lVf-f, ('\:.";';\"1.,' CL. t CL
_u.,,,,>!lin]:.' blo". It "", II I.ff 0l,illlon lhat I!H~ (t"ssns Inll'-rrol".... tiou 00'2..... ). l,ike\\'i9l'. ~.U). ~~ on (lhe llUIin. "'~h of tJ. earrier
(;1'''1''''' I Y .1II.shila'~ ~tatr Ilid 1I0l .nlieip.' eland. a. Afto.·r the f;lIecess<>flhf' I'hilillpilll!eam i
th.....,. 1..-... of .. hil,pin!!...IIPI,li II1hl Il'OQl'" in
IlI'C'i1'1e nllp.rellt. ,he J ..... n_
..c fon:or _lISl'I\lt~ pnnnpall.. in J'I'I'hlllllW)'
,he ~ffon 10 rt"i"f""','f L.., te ..·.'re so ht'l" \' 115 to in;."" in Luwn lUuil thl'- en.1 of J.nll~'·_" or e.rly . '"M - \(J.\"'.th111 I
St.1f roll~"lered lh...t ,heir IICf'e9!;
, ' " '"
valeral ":.",lllUl'llI)rtUII -trib• .., tl.. "'~ i-la.ndo. X • •
T<'nder il illlll<l>o_iltlf' 10 ,i...I.in .m· ~ff<'Ct;,-e de- Febl"U.Q·. il iss'at...1 by ;:I1.j"r G~nf'ral :Si,hiltlllra , . .. 1"eIiOOf'<'e'<, :"hoto. .nd J·ol'lllOlillj. .
fen>f' of Ih .. I'hiliPI,il\<"'; .~ • "-1";1<•• Or Hen of n'SSBS Interrogttioll ~1S-!?). ill t 'I'!lOUI Itent N'~"OIi h.d '-h .. lI"ectj,'eh' w'-I'r.{l .1"p~il.,- '''''''-'J IUt 60118 I CB 9('A.
Luzon. •ro..nlin]:.' 10 ;:I1.jor Gf'Ilf'ral :\,i,J,ilnllra. (:!) 011 1 J.nu.ry· \9,15, IhfO 4th Air Ann)' 61.1I' II WIlS ."slim.l~ ,bat the Ameriean st~~ ... g no,« "d. I C\', II en:. . . .
."",i""n1 c"ief of "'.If 10 Gen..ral Y.I1I...III'. e_ti"'.too th.t V. S. III.ns wOIIld ClII1 for simlll- Ibf'1l aunoo .t lhe .reas SUrTOlllldin t~- ,"
e, "" I g.","",,"l .I-.lt t.........-m,&4; )101'111I"<. ~m _\m"..
I n;:.~n~ IlllerT()j.. .,iolll! ~\,ll....I. 2.:1.~. t,. 6). unl'Oll_ l.ndin:.'S.1 .\I>arTi. Lill~,,~·en .•nd Ba- 1111. :-<ea. IllJ>ort.nt Ojlt'rational poinu io 1111I1 f ..- ·\PIlOll"l'lld..' tiM' _ . ' .nllripavd that t. s.
l'-. T"(' .IJ;ttdo.... Opl'm/ior. I.Uga;;. .crordin!! to Colollel .\IusIIIll.e. .rell 10• .1 t~ be stN'll~hened .nd d..fellded .t .11 tl1'eJI't, .oule! lilIIb e111TM"r .Ir "Iri acaiDSI till' .
II) TIll' .\Inene.n I..",ling <N' .'Illlldoro 01' Hi (3) The :Sa...1 Genl'ral St.lI' ~linl.lf'tI Oil I ro.:t~. ~I-,·IIJ tlK' X.n.....i SIIOIo. The J.pa_ JIOIIle IPJand·.nd -lIIah'~r 00Il1JIIebte land.
I~n~r 19H ....' ••ll'-nlQI'hlnll 1101 UI_I...1 b~' J.nuar~· 19,15 th.t ,he IK':<I I.lldill~"l would be oIl]fd"'e ....as 10 hold OUt in ,he :s.II.....; :'hot(). 111I o,......u....... ~_ hro .Il";" Tbf.- _ 10
tilt< e""lIl~·. B<>th II", limill]! .,1<1 ,he 100000tion of made on the $QIllh or ><'lUth..·est M.~1S of l.uzon f'orn-...Sh.ngh.i ....... _.nd••1 1I'ast, IIIIIU lilly hal''' bI'm f.id.- _II f.ore.......... ,. thi: ~
,Ilt< 1.lIdill!! ..·e..... <tJTjlrLq• • \hhough ..,·....,".1 (alls"·"rs b~' ~")' .\IiniS'l'r to l-ssns Memoran. • dnnce as oostl~"s po;;l'lb1e .nd pllllllllf for ,hi' Tbfir .,r 1"l'QlmIlI _ _ of till' Guam .Ift ... I•
If'fense of the homel.nd. attording 10 1IItS1r.... Ill' J-<'hnu.ry ",.... Hod:
.mphibi<M,_ ol",ralions ./!RiIL'" L\lwn "·..re full~' dum X... 3).
.n,ici".'fd. IIlf're..-u. lrT"1 di\~rs',~, of opinion (~) The n)(l'·e'I..-'" of U. S, .ml)hibious fon:e- the ~.")' .Minister to [:::"-:'85 .'IlfmQranda ~ar <» .tt.I,...~larp~30.lbfdi_
and 3. ...d _II trail-I""""
lI:; 10 .-....,... ,10.. illlf'nnfdi.le n>o;n·e< "-ouM be m.de

• nd .111,....."11)'. from tbe _nl ",.tm.1 ., h.nd

north ....n.1 from ;:Ilindu.... or, :; ./.IIII.r)· '11"'"
!!roU1..d bJ Jal>alK-'Se "lanes bnt its destin.tion ...... I>. Tht :s....1 Gelleral 5uII" • ." said to ha.1' .It -"1'' ' I.....,.. Iarp .Dd II') _II aircraft.
.It ",~/" M-I~ ......... 8--;.!?o. .1lCi • f.....
olllhesubj«'t••11 e~ 1101 leam~ ulltil it s .....ched. The first limt ",.de I'rellllralio"s for ,he def_ of Iwo Jima
_II pta.-
(2\ From .n.. ers bl" the X.n· Mini..,""r to th.1 the J'III.- w said to h.'·e kllO"·n lh.t onlhe belief th.t this would be lIMo objeet:i~e of 11I1
l'~~BS ;:I1f'n>orandn'" :s.,. 3. i, .1;PKfS th.t the .it -..2 ~ ~ :!:!O ~ di.<;I1III1
Co S. fOreel intended • I.ndin~.t Lin~.ren GnU .ml,hibious a.._uJt as. preliminarT 'I) ,he In!!"r
l:i!O .ilt'!' fnlolll Guam: ., ahoac 91, mile< W. of
....s ...hen the sbips in lhe fo~ .PI_red ill Ih.. Ollt'ratiollll exl'""~. This i;; t",," le\Iimony of
:S.nl Gw..ral S,.lI' In..df"" e-lim.le of .\\lied
III.MOO 1 ~mber 19Wbue<:1 00 Iheopinioo Ih.1 Glllf. This is the 1e..,imOll\' of Vi('e ,\dllliral RKr Ad",iral Tomiok.a.chid of the Ge.......J ::iulf
~ill• .n..
;,-·W.
.bou, If'O'l -hi"", "'" d"""nnd '-din!!
tI'e .\Illes ..-ould rolltinue to be .boorbed in ul>a"· f'ukudome. Combined BISl' '''ir Forte .nd !?lid planning sertion (USSBS Imem>gation.,; ~2.
f. On ].) F.......ry. a' 191'1. J.pa_ patrol
~ion aIld >C .... "~'1hf.nill~ of ,he I.~~·te beachhead fQr .\ir FIe<i-'I f'OInm.ndtr (l-5~ns Inler~.lioo 5) .•nd of Cal)uin Ohmae.•l... of ,he General
pllll1f'i' ... ported "'i!htitul: (WW _UJNlIp IIIId about
_,'" ,im... '11M-' n...u n>o,.., ...as U'llK1~ lo be ,he .-..m-1O). ~Illll'. in his .ns....ers 10 • q.-ionnairf of the
13 n'\Ii.<er'! .no.l dfo<t....~'lef"- In • Tin!:, f........lioo.
""-, .net """Ih _ of Luzon. ineludiuj! ,he isl.nds (a) The he...~' 1 _ of ..hillping. IJ'O()IIII, and Jal""-' Intelligt'1l1:'e S<-'ctioo. USSBS, dalNl:?tl bNrin~ 1M c1~ di>1IIII1 J(JI ....... frooD !oro
in ,he "icin i, J. in I'rt',"ratioo for the COI1<Illes! of sllpplies in the .lIen,pt to hold l..erle f01'(f'(1 Gen. XO"f'mber 1945. Jun.......'mi.... to .m_I'''' h Itw ~ • ...- )Iini._r
Luwll. enl Y.ma..<hit. tn the ronclusion ,hat. f.,lI._1e c. From .nolher X.nl 0.-........1 S,aff ollicer. to r~ll" )Iemorandliln :Sa~ &. -
(3) The .,.lI' of the ~Ih Air Al'1l1J pI.nil.) derense of I.uwn w.s itllllOIlSible••Cl'(lrdi,,/; 10 Conllll.lIder Okumi)·. (U5SBS Imem>gaiioo ~. n... er-y UIll'-etN oir a'lIIo.:k;. to ~ made
.nlicil,.t...1 that .\.....ric.n fol'C">l .'ould first ell- his .ssist.nt chief of SIIlIT, M.j,)f Gene....1 Xi..hi- 10.-2) it is ...,,·e.led Ihal the General Si.1I" esti· on ,hI' Tokyo.rea ... 16 Ftbruan d,.... _reb
:,"'ge in o'·erJ.nd ...:cp.,,:;i.... in .11 llO!lI!ible diNlC- mUn ([SSHS Illl~r...-'g"tiolls 41S-1.!? 5, 6. i). lII.ted 1I1e U. S. folTf'!! ...hich would be rommiu<'ll 1'1..... 011. I:,(l ~ "I'CIor from Ki""'-lll ft.ill'd
lions front I....)·t... 11K'll it ,,·u sllecul.t...1 ,hat ,It was de'l'rmin...1 10 resort to a delnring .clion 10lhe 1....0 Jima ol"'ratiol1 "·ere as follQ'II"$: 12 C\', 10 ,,"urn OtIIM l;;cb .Mnn RDF fix -ooll"t'd_
1.... lin>!~ would be '''Mde.1 ei,hf'r :S"!Jro!l Or P.nl)' III Lllzo", "nd Ihe nnw (Oret'!! were wilhdr••n 8-10 B13, 2() cnlisf'rs, 50 Df): 21~ di,·isio.:N", in 110.. lhin, nKl..inllC lIO"h .,f I...... JIIIUI. .\ooll".. nsi...,
Mild at Lel""sl'i. TIK're ,...:; .1"" OOlue thoughl of fH1I1] Ihe .'IllIuilll aN'1I 'to the tHoull1ai"s to the I" ult I.nding fol'(;('. _",b Illi~on of I~ plane- .'11.- _, oat .rter ,hlS.
• n au.ck on X"rlh Uorneo lIud l'al"wlll1. After north .round Hnguio .nd to Ihe hilt" e.,t I)f The Artny Gen.. nol 5IatI.•eeo...linlJ 10 l.ieuten· b,u IhfJ· w""' .UI,,,-,, _uhout "'llOI"l. ~ h i._ tl>..
~h" )1 in"ul"O anlph illiOIl:; run.", WRS !leen und.. rw.). ""10\'111'1"1I1 Arisue's roplr 10 a USSBS qlle>lion. infQro,.'ion e<'lnl.inl'-d in on._.e... b.:r Ihl' :'-'''r
"'auiJn; lhe air lind n."nll'erSOllllel in the CI.rk
)11lI;.I~r to ('R-:'I~ ;:I!I'fl......ndUIll :'-U j .nd in
In I.he Slliu a, ,he JI,pKnt.l!e were still IIl1nble Field area were exp"..·tet! to lI11elllpt to hllld .t naire of :I Xo"ember 19~:;. e:<l'''ctl'd lhat 2 to :s
10 pel"C1-'i\'e r-. K illtell,ion~. Mcco... linl! to ('olorl ..1 thl' illtl'rroplion of ('olnmomler OlnlllliJ-. of t1K-'
lI'/It lJOinl. Thf' stlilf e:llilllntNJ thllt it would di\'i~io"~ "'ould bef''''l'lo.·",1 in 11K' 1..·oJim.opu,
Xa,') ('...n....1 ~toll" (['SS85 llU-2).
)latsurnne.llenior .tall' officer of lhl' 41h Air Ann)'
h""e aoout 50 d".,'s 10 efff'oCllhis "edistributilln of III ion. The Genentl si.1f further df"ermi .....d
(I.:SSBS 1"1.""I'O]:.'lIli,,,•• 219-6,;,8). llbolll the end or lhe IhiNI ..-eek in J.ullnrr, said
Jorees afler 10 ~ml>f'I·. whell the 1ll1l\'C coni· 12, Oki".u'. C"P.il"
f. TIl" Linfluytn 0l'eratio"
"'eneed. When Ihe I). S. in ... nsioll struck lit, Lin' A"i'"l', General Slnff G-2 chief, lhol lhe o~no.· •. n"forf thf I"'" .llma QI'I'rtItion ronnneuced.
(I) The .I.pan.. </, ,\rrn.,· Gene... 1 Staff consid. IiOIl_ n/l"a im" I wo wo"ld COllllllf'III'f' a fll'r t hf' 'Illddl~ II... J~I""_ Ql'rrtlIIOll_I,lan '·TI'U.guM hod l)ef'tl
>!n....I'1l 011 I} ,JnIlIlIOl',\', Ihis ,l..deplo)'mI'1l1, WIIS IdS
el'ed tlml it had 1<>s1. the l.erl.. elllll)lnij!1l I,)' tll .. or F"I,,"\IIlr)', bnsing this""timateoll ,."id~ b,' U. s.

..
thun hlllf COllll'lel...1. Heiur"I"(::Ullll'nts l!eill/l" RESTRlcrED
RESTRrcrF.D
 JAP INTEL JAP INTEL
RESTRICfED
I'""t'y "'tiS Ihll! nOOlll;\ di";sions of troops would X;lllitz, nlld ""Isey, "'''~ 00"." _" ,
.Irawn to counter tl'e exp"ell'll ~S$auh Oil the line
hel.'lllployed. bUI tl 1111<'" ..."tinu~tl} wus th,,! about '> '"..
e."" IUI.II lit " ICI..
:~~YUahu",,,, thought kl"~",nvell
(OOrHIl.'Cliult Ih" N"nst'i Sho,o·Fo,.lllUs"·Chin,, tion 0 "IIlIlJOr '"oq· ;n ,',' II'''," .. ·tl '
cu,,~t. This plan did 1101 inc\"d~ Iwo Jinm. al· (j dh'isions "',,\lId he uscd. Ltellt"nllllt Gl'lIe'lll ~lO "d,,}'s on tlte blls;s of fl'I.t u ~r.' lin .Wllt
,\";';\le 'Ial~d iu IIn~"'~I'S tl) II l1Sf';BS ,h[l~n~ It "''''' "el~"'1 '>0<, ... d tltat no _lilt on the If
tho"lth A" "It"ck oil 111'0 J;nlll, proh"IJly follo",.~1 ( ")
~ "-~
" ere "'ere I- d'
I('"(-e,
,- .'o"ld hI' n,.,Ie ""Iii _time bel ~,..
IlltelliJ1ell~e 8''I)tioll 'lm~liollll"il'e <ltlll~1 II De· tmops in the Maria"as lind 2" 'I" '·18l6ns of
hv nn "tl"ck On thp :""n....i ::-holO, w"s em·is"It"':1. r. Illlhel'bT '\111"1. 1I0"e"er '-'" i.'; 11 , , - - . and JO
tClIlbe,· 11).15. pin<'" "",,ilulJlo for" He'" t>1~",tiOll, 'Ip. tit I J ' .rt' ,t .... repot1ed
I;;s said that Ihe f"l1 of Iwo Jima did 'I<ll bring _ B II lrll" tOI'\-' ",m • In... "'III
'"ll' chan:,!e in Ihe l>nsie MTpu.Go·· pl"n, hut that. (', The No,'" 1O,'nel'lll Slarf n'I"",tt'dl)' hlld m"de
pt'elY.l'·lllions 'Ill Ih,' eXIII.'I'tlll;un the"" would b"
(3) :\ l'Oncelltr"tion "f""UlS'. '
,t1l11, 6 •'I ''''II. I Ill'S,j;Telll"rth n b,-f rts"I liS rel"'"",1 ""',oJ"" ."d ....... al,i"d d.. Kenn.:"Th. Yoy '-d
il ~"01l1d ha'·olp,'C.....olllt'il ol"'lad1.'5 to 1\,.. e1T.oeliw """'II· ,·il'''· 1 . "' ..... cor-
:In II>;>lnllll on Ok;UIl"'" h,tl' in .\'",,<:h I~I~", Th,,~· ' I . a "ret,el"'oJ", 'k l'<. a~ , l'reJi'"illlr." n~nli,-", i.. the
,,<"tivnticm "f Ihe lat,·t· "Kel,\I·(i,," plllll for the oJ~,'a( lon, "n, {'IIoo/.!h ~to tllrrv '\ . r _. '" ',',l4e On Ole",...,•. n,~ X.......i :-ih<>to ..._ con,
tlefen;:e of tloe hnmel"",l. •."timllt~d Ihlll 18-~'t) ('V,_ Ilml r...7 .lil';si"lIs of 118 l'.~l'",'il'lIc" h~d 81",,,,,,, . ' 0' ~ ( """am" "' 1'",,1 tl> I", of bUct . -
tl'00PS """t1<1 ",. l'llIl'l".,·,·,[ in t lti~ 01','''''1 iun. This J . ' ",nte.ll',e ""I'"rt.",... 110.1 II,..
h. The "Tell" ope,."t;..."s wp,~ d,·,ilt",~l pri,,,,,,., (4) .\i,' "U:leh "/-~,it'"t Fon, , "1"''''''"-' X"".'. iI' '1, operatio" plall roltlmil~
' 10k' 'O!'<!.:ltI reeo".
il.,· ,,~ nir 0l'erntioll~ ("'1"'"'' IIlp,,,,in:,! he!,,·pn). ,,,,t;"1I,1(' "f thCl lalUliul,:' fon'es was l>ased on the 1I,">!SIll1<:e
_. . " lIIaw" f''O!II th. ," lIrta"as ' and ~"~ry el."'{'rI! of Un .ir ,".1 1>lIrfa", ~t";'Il~11 ;1111..
The ol'en't;on~ 1)la" waS d;,·id ...1 ;nto" ~Ilbpl"ns JIII""W_~ ,·xlle";ellte dllll til<' If. S. uHuul\y em, 1'llIllppttle>: h~d 11<'('0"'" '·et)· ft"'IU"'lt, , .. I.'IIl;(' (,\ II.",e.", ~y Ihe S. "y .\1 IlIi;!". 10 1:8::'88
for the organizlliioll nf the Ildeui't'Sof the" '·I.'g;on, plo~" .. l twice tl,.. .Iren!!th of the dl.'fend;ng' tllliis. (r.) S"'{'Il FeI.>I't1"''.I·thern had bo..oen a ' ,\ll.'lIll>n"dulll X.,· 7/,
, • 1.0 cort.>p,c,,· j . .The"1'ell· G' .
whl.'..... ",s"ulls we''(" eXI,,-octed. with pl'iority gi"e" The\' t>eli"""d tllIlt U. S. inl"lli ...... nep knew the o~t~ ",<:,-ell~ ttl su ttla.rille "et;\'ily >iOutllellsl of 0 0pl'nt,oll "'>0.< I'UI imo l'X1"""
to Ihp defl.'ll>;C l'""pllmtions in Il,..ir IHl11,llI',·ctl .tre;,ltth of the dl'fending fll'...... ~, Th;s is dis· K'·II.h".
.. ",'O,,"d Ih".. )<ia"SI'i SJJ<I'~.. (I'"
",etl ,nl' ,,. ::0" HI .\bre], 19-1~ ..-itlt tl.. tol""l{"lI.....ml'lIt of AI.
onler: d"",·d h,' H"H" .\dlllintl "'U1l1ioka (UHSI\1';i l"lH. Okt~",w,,), "".I o,tT Fonnosa. The lI11mber of su~. cd 'lIIpl"I"Oll, "!"'nli",., ill Ihl' K.nuus. The
Teu 1_;\IIn~i SholO "nd Fonllosa. ''O>:'lltio,;s :155-:!, ';). loy C"pt";11 01"""" (,,"~wer'S n",r"IP ('''lI1att~ '" Ihe 0lt",,"w.m 51""" "",I oIT ,ln l""1C$l' pxpect..d thst "'J'I'lIed "'lll'CisI M.ll"e....
Tpn 2-FOl·1Il0Sll. 10 JI USSW, Jtlpal1~' l"t,'l1ij!e"cl' 'l"estionnllil'>! Chilli' Co~st had dee'-ellsed. I,.., theIr .\rlll." .",1 :"s," .ir force-,.",,;,"'t .\Hil'<1
Tpll :\--E"st anll $OlIlh COllSIS of Chin" 'l1ld "r W ~o'" 4,',). by the S'",'~' Mini.ler ('"'~I\'()''S t'l. (6) , It ""'S,c?tlS;de,'ed probable 11,.t a fa "orable surfa"" roree;; -""JIOni,,!! Ihe Okin..·• o!,ent,o""
Fonn088, l1SSII-" .\!t·lllo"'l1Id"Il' Xli,. 0) ,,"d b~' C"ml"""d"" otTen~,\'l! I'0S,tlOll ill the war wOlt1d lJe take" b\- "'?"ld ",fI'M ouch ...." -.re d"IIl'f!e Ihu. 1'OU1'1e.-1
Ten 4-1h;u"n. .\Ii""z"ki (US5BS Int~l't'oglltions ;1(;1)-3, (;, 9), an A"",,.i<:,, befN'e the nl)l'ni,,~ of the Sn" Fl'1IlIei";' "·'Ih. <I""t defellsi,'" stand by tl'e;r land f,,~,
c. C"rriH la~k fOl"PP Slrikes and n,,,phibiou8 at (,,,"(.,.,,1 S\,dr pl,,"lIill/( I",·~l. CQllfcren<:e (2$ April) for pre;;t;!-'Il pur[Jose•. Bnd ~h('." "'o"ld I", .ble 10 del.J' allJ' .... l..eq....m .\mer.
"1)('r8l;""s wen' PXI>eclctl. It WIIS ['I"",,.,d to f. B,· lI.i ~Ia,.()h. the Japanese offici,,1 repons thll.t Formosa "nd Ih.... Xall""i 5ho1O, l">l'eeiall.,. 'c." ~d"B'1C11> f(lr • t:Ol,;,id..n],Je J'l'l'iod of ti",e.
show ti,at it hnd I...<:ollll' ,.".... dilli<:,,11 to "ol1e<:t the Ok",n "''', we,.e the 111051 likel," tar~tll. .1 8er~"" of e;;rort",1 1 "1' -"I...,i.l- .n"rk>, .'a"
b....."k Ill' the~ Ore"al;OnS b.,' "k,",,;kll"'''' or
"Co.''''''"I'\' infol'lIlat;on f",' '1I;"killlt IlcC"""le ('5ti- OI'!!.II1".,J whe" IIH' "ro.... Or fnonble In"...
"~peciallllta<:k" ladies dire<:1Co.lllt ,he lask for(;<l h. The :\:!nd A"m,"s "E"ti"'a", of the :,iltllll ion"
1ll"les ("';ncel'Oillg tlot' ;llIl",ndi"l! Atne,.i(,lln opel'il. I~·rl Or ~I,il'l'inf! larg"", 1'"""1lt(>() Ihe", ...I.."" i"
Itl1i(l;, tnl.11sport shipl'inlt. lind "mphil.>iolt~ Cl'~ft. discussed b,'oadl}' i;, a (,(lIljret"rnl W'I\' the lI11tiei·
lions. Ai,' '·<leOtlnai.'S!;lInl;ll illld IIi,' IltlAcks on the the Okill""'" ....... TI_ "-ere know" L_ t~ -Ki.
The !llnll l'rl;wided for the eOIlll>ination of Na'·." p"ted pinus all(l capabilit;es of the .\lIi"'l force<!. kllslli~ oJlerMi"n,,- n""", "tt • .-\(,. "'en'- ",.d" b\-
"".I .\nll" "il' fO,.l'eS anll the cunl~l\tI'"tiolt of Ihe .\IHi"",,s ""Pa lll.,<:,ltne l'xc"edillgl." diffienlt after The Allied operations aga;n,t ,lal"'" wel'l" ex· bolh .\M'I,· ,,,,I :"..... pl,"I':!!. IInder X........ ,~.
mAjor po~tioll of them in 1'.""51", 11,,,1 tIll} ~Iln.;;ei Ihe landi"gs '" Iwo. A;r "ll"eks on the hon,~lnnd JII.'ClCd to lJe in ;\ phases. First would l>e "CuIllI,le· Ill.",I, "lid the 1,1.",,·ill/.! '11.1 oJ"'ntiollll f~r tbi,
~hoto. IlNXI,.ding to aI1Swp.,'S 1.>)' the KIl'")' )linistel' ",-,"p,,,d ('on",uIl,i('"lionslit:t·s. tIS well "s I'l'ducing tion of the en"elol'mellt of Jap",,"!>." a(h-n,,<:in~ ph.......... "e-eriL.d in det.il b." th.. X.,." .\I;"i>ter
to USSBS M"'Ill"."nll"m ~",. O. Ilud I" stllll'lIle"ts colII""",icali""s f,wilities a"d a;''C'·lIft. p,.... luction (0" 1;,,1' "III1,tillg- f''01I1 southeasl Chinll tI,tllllg-h (.t.,.-ers to l·~::;Bi'l.\I..., nlldl"n S'n 0) ."d b,"
of Comnlllti<lpr .\li~·" •.llki of Ilw SlIy,,1 Gene,.,,1 (.\n~we,'S h." th~ :'/a,')' .\li"ister to USSBS M('IIl' FOI'll"",n 10 III''' Jillla. &c,,"d tltl' e",·el0l'llll.'nt l.il'uten.1It Gel'enll :,:;."!!" n ....'.... ,tTelltl~ ~hi;f
Sol"ff n;:Sf';HS 1l1terl'ogatiolls 3(;9..:\, G. 9), ot'alldll'" ;\,1\' 6}. would I", t ightel1ed by ",h',,"'-"'S to B-ha"l!ll1.i. Oki· of .\;1' GeuenJ He.dqu.np", and CG of the 6th
d, Li,,"tell:"'1 Gem'rlll .\riSlI". Ch;..f nf G-2 of J!. 'l1'e ,Jal'~'''''''-' 32nd Al'lny, whi<:h was sb· lIa"'a IIl1d thp O:''lIs'''''"ra Shoto. 'll,ittl wOlild b<- .Iir .\I1I1~' rn:.>:Il:' IlIterT1Jl:.'ltin'L_ J:it..;'l,~. ~.
Ih" Arm." Gel1t .... 1 StntT. tl"Sl;li,..lthllllhe ]1"''''Ilil- tioll~d in the ;\Ilnsci 5h"to. was wal'lled I",foreth.. the ut!Iltk 011 Ihe lII"ill isl"",ls of JIII"'Il. I, Wa't It). TIll' "Kik"slIi Mope""i.."" "~re ,li 'Om ;n,,,,,,1
ill;! opinion in Ihe Ann.,' and :"11"." Gene'lll SlatTs lalldin/-'S;n Ihe Oki"Aw;l "'"'' Ihat ,~",dilionsin· l'OlI,ide,,,,1 thut. cond;tio",; 1Il;~ht el;",il1"r,· Ihe Oil ZI-:2'2 ,hull' '-au.... il .,..." df,erned II r~ to
WaS Ihllt Okinaw" would most l;keh·1Je Ihe llPxt d;{'"ted "II J>OS.~ibll' lltta('k ,,!!nin~t Fo"t"'';;11 0" tit! !!<Jllthe"st Chi"a lind Formoso, OI"·l'lItioll". ill whieh ('QI1I1III'nce I'rel..rillll' dtft,.- of the home i,I.;,<ll>,
I'. ~. I\;;sa"lt obj""li\'{" "fll.'r th~ Iwo Jimll S'lln>e; Sh(,to (pal'l ;('Illal'l.,· Okilln wa)" lit the elld etl~ Ihe .\meri<:ans we''Ill'xl>l'Cted 10 ,,!taek Oki- "",I boon".... of tIll' "re'".""e"il1g of t ht ,)('".•\"'......
operalio". nltholt:;!h the"" was !!<Jme "nt;dpation of ,\lHcll or in ,,",'I)' April. '1'1". Il',,,',,illlt ",,,.In ,""II'" with i) divisions in .\pril or .\1,,)'. Th;s lat· i,,,," ba."",-" ill Ihe ()I;ill.'Il'U
..f III",l;n ..' 5 at Hongk ..ng lind FO"rn051l (USSBS inh'llij!en('e I'ep",·t ,\:I ted 2:\ Ma ''Cit. "n(...htt iHjl' (lit h',' p,,,di<:ted tlllte co"tli<:l. with otl."r <:011;""'"1'1'" k. Tlte etlc"'~·'s "",ti"'.le l> l<) th" "'l'I"lIf!1lt (If
in Iho $111110 "i':st;lIli1le:' Followill/! til{" Nan~i the 1'. :-;, I.,k fo,.,.. u""'<l i" tbe Okin• ..-. open.
IIIt"l'n>g"lion 217-2). 1-11' Illoo reJX'l'ted thH in Inndill/,.'S;n t.he Ke""Ill"S by:l {IIl,'"S, lind eOI\~i.tin~
enrl)' Febn'II~' his Ill"ff had eslimated the timing of a" nddendlltll h," tl", G2nd [)i,"isit>n to a :\;.'n~ Shoto Or Okill"WII operarion. the lIel't ',I,"eri<l\~~ lioll.•"""rdi"f! to tht S.".,· ~lu,,;;t~r (,"""""" l<)
of the lI"Xt ",,,jor operntiOIl liS )11111 .'-Iurch, The .\I'rtI,I' "E,titlu,te of the Si1tla(ivn." ",h;('h U, f' cnpab;lit\· l'On~ide,'('d ill this .\1'11'." "F..,llIllsIP rssn." .I1Nllon"dm" :".l' 0),
determination th,lt the objl..,t;'·e would lJe Oki. f()I'("PscAI'IUI'NI Otl Ok;"8w" (CinCPne·CinCro,1 W"R on "illlCk on Ch;rhi ,Ii,,,,,",,,I :""lIa JlIll" in l~ (T·,. "G Ill!'••,,,1 ~nll",'''''

,laWa "'as not l'I'ach...:llllllil the I1ltddle of '\1"1'<.'1,. \\'c",klyl"ll.'lIi/-","ce. Vol. 1. 17.4 ;JItIlP I!Wi). TIt! April or M".\' with Z .\",.,.;,.• " ,ll,';"i"",. "",I S'" ror "">11'!"';""'" .",,,.1 '1 .... n~'1h .•- <...."I,ill'd by
and this WtlJl \lased u[JOnllll anBI~'s;s of U, S. task 1»,i<I.'S used f,w the [l'-ediclio'l liS tt> 0111' ne:'1t ,,!;SIal' oth"" lltlllek on ~h""ghai. • the .\ir Ilnl1~h of the 0!60t> of X..·.I Imell;.
force raids. the lI'!Sembl}' 8ud deplo}'tncnt of fortes were: i. On 2;> ,\I",.ch the ;,;,,"." jll([jl'l'd Ih"l th.e V,I:'. ~....nC'l' ..... ,:

and frotll li, S, 8eareh n;rernJt and sltbmarine (I) The snareS.I' oonfet'Ctll'e held in Wn,~~II~'
tllnipr IAsk fo''CIl \\'oul<l ,'('turn to U1ith, for' 11 CC...... CYI.·", il B1r... 9 OIlD'", I ('8.
aeti,·it},. The first es1imate I11nde in early Feb. timp. lIfter Jlljl,nesc nllaeks agnin,t it IS ~la",h
ton in p.llrlr ~l<ll'<:h, a!tpnded b.,. Admimls K,nI· RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED
66
RESTRICI'ED
JAP INTEL lAP INTEL

I:! e'.\'a, 10 Ct:$. 4 CL(AA)'s. f>8 DD'~, I~ Stalf (US:;:'!Jf< IntelTfl~'lioll~ 300-;"1. 9) di.scloee K.'·II~h" .. Rnd. fr"lll January to the ri
eVE'!\, .1It1 2SS7 miSct'll.neou~ .nd l.nthug th.t Ihe Gene...1 Sialf did not belre"e ~hl'"" ....1IlI f.... l.mhllj:,'lI111lhe Kantoa"", ";, "jr of 1~
('r.rl, much likelihood or a landing on Ihe Ch1l1. OOL'lt; Gl'n""..1 Taka"hinla, I~b ,\~ -:;:1"<
;nr ttl lltl.....
if sud, • 1.1Iding ....1 '.... m.de it ...u '.h?"sI't it (t' OR Inlerruption 4i8-2i .• ~l ~It'f uf ".f
13, E.n~ml Estimate, and PI..""i"g i" Pr~"..r..- would he a 5m.n one d. S.... to... ror IlOhul':a1 pllr_ (;"ne...1 Tuo", .\Ir General \ . MUI""",t
tiD" lot' A"ticipa,~d lr.. ·.sum 01 ,be IIolRS. ~O<" ....eno 1.'Klinll'! 011 Hokhidoronsidert'(\ In:.\" .\d'·011 Itlt.'lli~ .)~ltr of :eaf
Homel."d lib]T. :?2 ~ I". 45). ndllm , of
•..U,,·r I.... f.1I of !oro Jim• •,.d Okin...... d, -1ltese SUItt !'otI1'l.'t!I "'11Or! Ihal tbe predoTn· 11: An i"I""""ing stlIleDJenI hicllh,hlJ
Ih\" ".1"'_ X .... I G\,,'lf'ral Sull h.d no Il>ou¢,1
tI••1 Ih" .,.-enu••1 Allied .d... rK'l' imo Illf' hom\".
in.nt opinion in both Ihl" _\rlU)' .nd XI\")' ('",ne,,1
Stalls. ..-1,it;I, prt","n.bl~' <li8ClIs<et1 1101' man ..
."I~'I)/(Ied ·'.,*nese defe~ proble ~ tile
dilficu!tiftl in illlelli~'I"1('(> .,,,1 1,1.1Im,.· .00 lhe
I.nd cou1.l he ~101'fW<1. TIIf' ~,~, of Ihe-<' 11.- jointl~' in Imlleri.1 HI'.d/I".rtel'!! _ions, ftlI . I
lallon /0 t 'e-(' I) rob I",,,-~, is COJ't.I-.~' 1 C__ . ~ .
"mll" "'lIb
,.. I-.mphibivu~ 0l)('....,ion~ m.de il I~ible to that the fi~ .\meric.n ill\·.sion ..ould he ",.de G
alii. f'n~ra
r .. . ·...'m....."I....
·wes .lIten·lt... in th" FE..\.' I
,1... di1o· r.d"I;'O' ,he .1.1"'- u,io".1 .ml mili· lit K,·ushu. Simultanoous I.ndings on Shikoku tl'lh~nee MemonndllDl:
" n·
I• .." 'i .... nj...,h ,hrou!..... Ihorongltl.,· elll'di...· em· .1"" ;"ere htld likel~', .nd il ,,·u fl'lt, th.1 the first "Plo~ 1(),.IJ~k~ ugai..,t 1II>t>tU' f J
• • • WII () «patt.
Illo.,-n...nl of hl".'·~·' 1.1I<l·.... ;;~d air I'o,,·er. It wllS i"... ~ion would be follo"'al "'ithin • fe'" mOIlII", \\ I' f'xl'eeled all A'hcd lI"·.sion of 801IIlltrn K .
I'JlIM"Cled th.t Ih" 1-. S. "'ouid in('.......... Ihe ,emllO by lllndinj..os in the Tok)"o·Kllnto Plain 8"'11. The shu or of the Ilonhwestern CUll!'!. of'" "",
of .11lI('k 10 ha~l('n Ihe end of ,he "'1Ir lIS m,~h ;\nnl' and the Na''}' jilinI'd in 1\ strlltegic decision •
exp~l<:tt<l Ill~ thnt a" i""uion wouid be "'.de
\11> '". •

Rs I__,ihll'. Il"We-"H, Ihp pl1('m~' RI-o ''t'<~'l-'niJW<1 .hat ,he Ari"ke Ba~' "'HI .\li.\'u"ki "''eA.'; of ap,usl Ihe .KI\nlo I\~a, laking i,no I'OII,idl'ratiOli
,hi Ill''' h' "on pt",itiolt8 mn<1e it lKJS>.ihle for thp KYIl5h" should be prepared spe<-~lil,\" for tiefell5e ,~"nElloJ·tat,on II"d supplies. The i""~<ion of
II. S. to (ieIM" Ihe U$lIult 0" Ih~ h0ll1elnn,1 ,,",il as the 2 lllo;;t likel," poillts of Ihe /irsl invuion. Kl",sh"",,,a~ I'.Jlllel"led in Stplfmber ur OctolJf'r,
,he II,...." <l1'1""rlllnl" 0<:<:.8iol) sh<>,,!<l I"'(!.,;('ll! il~ Defense ]l~p"ra,io"$ al!lO wp"c III,ule at other "'Id or KulllO, ," I he eoming spri"lr. We expected
,"-·If. wlwlI n 'Itlick mO"e "'<I"ld be p/>S1;ihlc. This POilltt! in the K,I'llshll, Shikok" A'id Knnto n,'ells. I h~1 tl... U. S. Nil,',\" wOllld continue hOlllbtlrornenl
rpM"'''.;1l11 is t"OIl'Mi"...1 in the ~tnt~n'N't.. of the e."he ene",.'"'~ estilllat<'S nS to lhl' f.,relleralloca. lJI'(o''I', tI",';".!:' and "fter the i'"'''sion, and Ihal
Nn .... Minister (nnswers to USSBS M"m0I111111" tio1ls and order of our lle,~t ill"asiolls eoineided the 8,h Ai" ~'OlW, 20th Bomber Command alld
Xa,: 0, 7) "ud of Rear Admiral Tomioka, chief with Allied Illau~ which. in file!, called for Ihe Fi-;,\ F would continue operntioll!l again!! Japan
of the N....I Gener.1 Stalf Ill.lInin~ ~tion first landings to be ",.de I\t Ariake Wan and MiJa- to smooth .he w,,~, (or landing p.rtieo. Our
(t"SSHS Interrogation 355-2). zaki, a8 ...,,11 as Kushikino, in Kyushll. Th" mct sou~ we~ /I"ile ~)()()r .nd "'e h.d difticulty in
b. General K...·.bo-. ennuna,Hlinl1 :,.~neral of Ihat the Ari.ke Bn.'" nnd ~li.'".1.8ki areas or !lOuth· \'OIIOOilllg ",formllllon on tllf' iotentiol1$ or the
Air Gem'ral lleadqulIflers.•estified (USSBS In· u.,,""tern KJD.'ihu art b,. f"r Ihe "lOSt suitable pllln'!l ,\lIie<l fo~. (One) l'Oll~ of inform.tion 1I'&l;
t"~"lIlion 343-\) lhat il "'..,-Ihe Il~,·.ilinl1 opin- 011 the K)115hu OOIIS! for bringing ships c1(@ in. rrom iliOlatal islRnds ...her-e trooll!! still mna~.
ion .t Im'leri.1 Headqllllfte"" tht Ihe in"uion shore ."d for e.rrying om I.rge 9('.1(' .mphibiOll!' but ~"Iion was "1'1)' poor. Radio rontnIlIDit'a_
"'OI"d prol.-bly t.b ~ of 2 roul'!if$: 0lleratiotll! dictated Allif'(! ehoiu, of th_ landing liolls \I-ith I ·I~ ('H..'<!d ..-ith lhe inn-<ion of 0...
(I) If Hu;;si. did not tnter Ihf' ...lIt il Willi I'oinu..nd m.~ theJ.I_neo;e p ....diction. f.irll lIlOC; IIlltil llth· ...dio rommunit'alion con.
IhOOf.!ht Ihf' Alhts ..oold boo in KJa~hll ill Dc· obriOtlS OI1e. linual ...ilh Tnrk ~"d R.boIul. bul il ..... oa'1
tt>boet" nr ~oTemher. f. There "'II!! rotllIiderablll ... ri.n~ in Ih" esli· I'0or.-
(~) If Hu i. did tnter the "'lIt il .... s thOll"ht DUI!e5 a;; 10 the timing of Ibe antieipated usault.<. h. 111t ofJentio" pl.n ...bH,b 'Q!I d......" fOf" tbe
• lanilin, ... ould be mam. 01' tht KalltO PI.in in (I) In the X....I General St.II, the upeculion! tler",l;Oe of Iht homel.nd 1flI.! kno..... ."I1>1'·K_·
Iht f.n or ..illltr. ran;?M from JUITIO NO"ember 1901:; for I"" K\"U· Go· ,,[.n. '111i appears 10 haf'e belP" ronnul.tft!
It .... ~ .I;ltl romidl'rtd Ih.t the t". S. mil-oi,t •. $I'lIlandings..nd from Deor:mber 19011> on\l·.rd for in .\,.ril 194;;, lI"d ..-as .clinted fot' doo:-~1"t de-
("uno 11-29 boI~ ill lltin•. IItlit Shanghlli, . . . ,h" landings in the Kanlo Plai11ll1l....a. It ....as \:It- ft-n,.i\·e .nioll "" 10 Jut.· ...-hen lbe 2O-d.y pl'riod
1,,,,limin.,,,· 1110\-1'. of illttrmi'lent carril'r t~k fo~ .'r.tld bon,lIal'd·
lil'\"f'(1 th.t "'e "'OIIld 1~lair I~ in K\'Ili;hn or
(', 11.1''''·....., lIlIIIloe othe.. 511tCl11.tioo on IlQBlIible
int~nnt'di.lt mons. 1t ...1OS tho0l-rhtlikdr thll Ihe
Shikoku berOrt landing operRtions i" 11;1' Tok~"O menl IItt.("k!' on the .'.pane<oe ~ i.ol.nd. rom·
a..... could be l.'1Irried out. This XII"" lint (If ,nl'llCf'(j. This defl'll!'l" pllln pro"idfd prim.n'y for
t'. fO. "'ollid t.ke !lOme of Iht other i~l.nd~ in Ihe air 0ll('..... tion.. .\ II or ,he XII'")' .ir fOl"Ctl!lalld the
thought WII!! discltbled bJ the Na"J Minister (aD'
~.lI>ei fOholO het..-et.-n Okina..-. a,ul KrullJlIl, huild
swers ttl U8SBS Memorllndum N... i): h~' Ittl'r
air boIses tm ,hem, .nd U$e Ihem for tile]lping ~tOlll'il
Ad'niral Tollliokn (USSBS Interrogations 3;J5.-
ror alt.ek~ on the K.lllO Ploi" .nd other di~talll
2, 6, 7), Rnd h,l' COllllllRlldll" Miya1.aki (USSBS
areu in the IlOmt i~lands, .\nswel'8 1.0)' tht N.vr
IlIlel"l'Ogations 3li9-2, 9).
)[ini"l'r t<> ussns :\Iemornndlllll Na,· 7 and ~I"tl'.
"'l'nUl hy Com",,,nder Mirn1.aki of the Gelll'ral (2) Thp a"nil"hlc Arlll)' e<tillllltCll "IIl,ged f~
Septl'lIlbe,' to No"~",IJe" HHa for Illlldin~':l In
RESTRICTED
RESTRICTED

" "
RESTlUCTEO JAP INTEL
TARL~ 8-Ja"".u. H.ri..<Ii•• oj U. S. "'aMI SU<tifllh Pt."""d I May 1946, C."'I"'rffl 10 Aduall'i,u".

,.- ~",\Ju..
End July Eft<! Au.....
~.d 'I ••
p.. um....,
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1<>111..,... A<1"'" ."~
F... lInal<'d A<1 ...1
----- ---
C\".
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J. The "'KjOl' SOUrt't'l of i"fOrtt "
. . ~ 10/1 for lb.
IlOr, WIlS lnten'ogllllOIlS of Japfllll'8l! . ~
_
. ...Iob.,
, •• •• Tokl'o lind wrillen I"@,<.., __. _... oIic'ale In
""'
0 .....'
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(IJ I anI .. "",.. "'''','' -.1 H "_mull "" ..d _ _' _«<1 on'y _" ••m.. <d. "b'ID ~
<WTW> _ .. ...,'
,."""'-'''''0>< " _
d I>al' ""OJ_.
(l) I 'bo' "",""""' ".."y ~'" . . . . moo'''''_ nol' I."om".' ""'nI....
'be'" "
"""
(.) " -..., , ""kl , " Ju H.. '1\0".- '.. ..,dOl '"'y d H.. "''''' at
.. A T .. SU_ "".' '..' "" ' ,.. ODd , Io"'u ,
,oJ I. 'bt ~ . . "" "" _ •. - to Bd ""d >ill,.. 100' boI OU ".,,,'ll<.Io<I. "
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:;g ~~~~'l ~i:.('cor,.;::·l=~·~7:' ''''

j. II i~ ililere:slilig III '.'''IC dUll during Ihu 1i''>;1 ~iliol1 ell the ult"cks nor 'lill' form of lhorough'~
-", loWrorJ'''''''' Sp«1al s...... 0..-...""'-

phase of ,he U. S. eRnie" I,,~k fOl"t:c Ilu"ck~ 011 -"""'-.:h. As II eOnSt"lIl'~llel:, lhe ["IIids Ilud IJOIlI' ••"
the Kanto. are" in .Jl~I.v. which enuS4i! lhe Japn.
b"rlhnents Oil K'Hlillihhi ""d ,\!lIrOl"1I1i were ~
ne.."" to lI.C\"·a!e ,hell' ··Ketsll·Go·· pl"n for lhe de-
!)Iel~ surprises. it is revl'"leti in the :,<",'.1" ~[jp­
fcose of the homellllld, there WIIS ncith,-,r air 0llpo,
IS'I'I'S aIiSWel"S I" USSBS "ICII'O""'U[,,11I 11'",' O· ---.::Jl__:":'ll:-~~·':'~',,:,:,:,,-::::.,-~~~,-~~,:-:::-~~:-_-------------;;;;:;~:;;;;;
,I RES1lUcrED
RESTRICTED
70
 JAP lNTm. JAP INTEL hbibil A
RESTRlCTED
3. Hel'0I'L Oil the oq.!lllli~,'tion llnd 0llCtation
Reports
f f " , 1'<0".1 Air TL'Ch1lIC,L\ Arsenal (adden· EXHIBIT A-JAPANEsE
,~ ion 3&1. Lt.. T'ooo~ ", I, IJ~ , of J_pa1l8lle kn ,""_ SOURCES OF INFO....
<) '"''
dllm to ;lIte'Togut ,.)
l. H~I)(l11 S Qil J aplllle,;e ,\ l1n~' I ntell~g~n~":. S.l:~: ,\I'aih,ble e"ldenee .lUI1AnON
milte<13 NO\·elllbo.'I' HI·I" by Lt,. Gen. AI'1~"~' ~1 , SII!>llIitt{'(l W NonmOOr 1\)45. . '"
\lIied lIeljV'tle8 , L_
las """,n scn.ened tJI 011'_"
_
of
4. Bel'0l't 0" Jal'lIne:ie NI."'"~ IlIll'lltgN:~e 8\~1~ J •• '-.. • '~and
IJ A, ehief of G-!!, ,\ l"I11y General St~tr. c1uS';IlJed OJ) !lOu'"CC, ""lng III! I1lfetl!llCfl III . IIfTXLUOENCI!: DUlvEO Faoll -('on.
:!. "IkP0l"t on Jnl'nn.~.oe NllI'al In\<,lljgclI<'e ~l:b.
, " , ff \<lm Tllkelldll, KIUlJ"ll, IJN, dlld
11I11Ie< " ' . -) f USSBS~ JICl'OA, ATIti, ~EIo'I:s,al,,1 ~~~~~~ II. ('~"t:uo Doct:lI.1'n'11
mill(~1 20 NOI"'lllber 104" b,' CI,pt"i" Ol"nl''', 1o· f ., O'"j"" IUS lind LUlll1
o;,>t,,,,,,<;v .
AlIlen~ll 0 3rd
fIN" trallsIIlIIO"~ of .JlIl'aliese. docllme/lts. inlerlVg1ltilll' I. T .... iIlI~ a~hN' 10
Depll'1nlenL (Na\"lll llltclbf,.... lIce) <) tie, Ill_
ahika:tll. U:-I. ehier of ollCr~tiol1~ 1'11l1l"ing, Nll"~1 of Japl~lI.esc 1~I'J~ners (>( wu, Ind J1lJaneoJe mili. the sei&u~ of Allied 00eu_
General Stnff, Generlll Staff, tar)' ol1lclals '" lokyo, ReJlresentati~e ex , menu _ . __ ._
' d'
(If information en"ed from these sourteS are in-
duded under the folJowilig headings:
_IIII' e8 2. lU""tnltio/lll of the Lype of
doeumeo18 .. hieh feU mlo
"
Jap~hande
T Ilble of Contenrs Ill. :\"~TJVt'.ll_
"
.".
83
1\'. ALLIKO BIIO'~~lITS
1,,"n;r,I,luI;~'c,:
DI:llln;n Io'Ho.\l;
V. G£a....s SOt:Rct:s
l. A'.I,n:n 1'11l60Sr.as OF W.IH \'1. :\"EL"TUL &t:IICQ _

..
73 00
1. IllIllOrlaJice Att6che,I to rH. D£OU=OS6 t'ROIl ALW~"- .\10
POW Informatio n • ACTI\'/TY.. _•• • _
2, TeehniquC8 Used __ .• _.~_. VIII. .\EaI~L RECO~-S~IIl8.ASCI•• _._._

""
3. Examples of Information IX. :\h&cELL.\SEOt:8 . • __ •••.
Obtained. •• __ •. _. _

I. INTELLIGENCE DERJVED FROM AllIED PRISONERS OF WAR

1. The Importllncc AttllcheJ to POW In/or· HOlT 1(1 luterrogale.~ 1...",11100 by Headquartelli
11/lllion AAF S,,-P,\ in Intelligenee Summary' 2~2. il; in.
u. The fullowing e.~cer[Jt from the 51st Di,-isioll te",,"ti,,>: as "'presenting an oficial ..ic.... It.. ap'
illlt'J1ig'~llce plnns or Ma... 19~5, as translate<! in 1,litation by indi"idual commanders is another
ATIS Blllietili 416, is e,'idencc of tlie importanoo matlu:
the Japu"esc attnched to the eapll're of pri!;Onelli ~h,troducti(ln: The main point of inter"'!,. ._
oJ Will': tioo of pri!;Ooers is to secu..... u'\uh of ~"ery1hjog
"The ClIpture of PsW and I1le I'eliability of their \lriSOlier of "-ar KIIO.'S. blU prisoo~ Qla~' be I'a.
inte1ligenCt! is a p.-ofifable manne,' in which to ae. tnolic. N_lIess 10 lillY, prisllrle.... of war i'lJ;ls>
tertlationa1 la .... alld it is dit6cult 10 ma~e them
h' on their ri~ht6 and duties io acoordaoC(! ...j,h io·
cumulate inlelligence. Since the eliclII)" Mre w ue
{Ol'CCS and do not kllOw ...hat ther Mr" doing, hy 0
direct. aelion on OUI" [,al·t th"y fan be CllptUred with tll~ ... h~1e interrogatioll of pri",mersQf .'ar ,s not1l
SII" am·tlting ag>cio;;l ,heir oatioo&1 interesl..

00"'1'11 l·ati '-e ease. like that ~f criminals. For a di.posiI1011. langible
"Th",-e(o'"e all Hllits, 1llll1icllladJ all front line proof is needed, but it i!' abll(lS\. ~JlO'S'Ilble to
units, !;C"tl"ies, and patrol;,. will hM"e llIans oppor- jlldge .uthemicit.... fo;>r lhel1' ~l1' nO hmll~ 10 the
t'milies 1.0 e.~celile unexpecled au~cks all~1 su:; scope of his k11llwko;lge, and ,f I.......,·s·, dQ nol
pl'ise alll,cks amI US(l pitfalls alld, III .d~'\I01I" know' (0...... mlS nOl be llSII'([ '0 pi. ~, ",J'O/'J"""r
ab11l\'t challenges He llua\"Oidable. their eo;cape 8tlWIWlll from him. It is c~r 'r:oo' ~ leld ~r,'-
mll;;l be prenmted bl' 1'"d~n\"Oliring to ,,"oulid or ire RI'~'1llaliOllS ,hll infonllatloll lP''l''.1 h.... I'r'>Un.
11I0l"tall)' injul"tl with' R BliddeH blo'" 0: ~m~ sll?h .", is coml,",,,,ti,.•ly reliable. OrlglDatlly and
zeal ,ltould be lI"",l to _u'"" Hue .&lId full de~.'l;;'
l1laht
Illenns using posit;"e a",1 dnl'iug orlg S III
action: J\t lhe SlIme time the high rankin./!, officers "'hal folio"" are h"",.",l I'nncl]lle!' to o()\~r a
mUSt pIa" to e"OOlll'age alld lead in llus to the .ituatioo where the..... i. III .buoda.."" of tll~le.
end ihnl PsW bo captl1,,~d_" . ."'""rs ,,",II art '" acoord.nee. ""tli
Tnlerr<lg"ttoD ....... ..
d e.
2. ·rhe Techniques U s t from '
theoo> I'rlllCl',)Iel. ,Ie,)endillg "n lile
1 p.l1le"l&r I'"'"
a. JlllarofJ"li''''. The {oHo\\"lllg extra~ Oller, cirrulll~.nres. time, and II .......
a taptured bo-oklel, "Jap.ne.."ll Instrllct,ollS on RESTRJCTED
r3
RESTRICTED
 JAP INTEL hhibil " JAP INTEL &hjhil A
RESTRJCTED
b. Tor/uN' 01 PnMII(M o/!Var bO""" the .\lI1eri..... ",,~ jri,.('f(. lJlMl
~l',)inl~ C"'lCl'ruinl! .\NIIIII Intel'rol.'"tio,,: In-
(11 Till' r"lInwill,:!: "mcinl ;""trllclio,,~ "" hotlr;;, ho \l'IlS beIWIl(!I'(1 a"d hurl'd . A.t IIllO
1l'I'r"!-'lltiou "fli"'I';; "illl·"pi<ll~' " .....·,1"in 1"'iilOuer
uf war'~ d"l1..,'ter. ah'lill·. ""',,,on'. emolion,,1 "lIall,lIilll! "f ]'I·i<;(",,,rs of W",' ~I\d CRptul'll<\
J)Q('uu",nIS~ were prt"lCribed for the Toroki".
\1I t1,;~ I>cCUI'I'('<! 111111<'1'
j.pl"".....·."
1:"'.'I.IJ .!IIl the ~I'ol.
"anly 'rotnIhlo ::toJn.,
b. folio_inc iII
b)· tI.. J. Jla _ ~"POrt ....
ehanl-........nd hkl'.•ml ",,,,la(lol11 ,uiial>le inl"rro-
(3) Th.. follo.. in~exlract i~ r . , I.fd 10 "~ 1$oU.... - ...........
,l.. .tion IlM."Ihod~ 10 do thi... You l11U,;( d"n·IOI' a O....... lio,,~ in a ,1oo:'IIIn..,,' datHI I :\larch HIH.II/; ... . rom," ".~ . ~U-t, ,_
tran"l.t,,>:! in ::;QI>.\C ~ri.1 01:!9::'. Item 1333; • -jlll "",,_Wllarll'S f"l"'aM"d i" 11011 Itd' ITlII'W
,ixlh .>l!:'L"IO""ll'h hinl Olll ...."'n I~·in~. Yutl n"I>1 ~ .....- . "f
a, publi,I .....1in Int.. r~llion Rt-. I. ~"""h''''.
Qr i_
lint j,'\"1 excited H"" with I"il'one" of "'......ho .... "It is forbidden to lIl.k(' ol1·th"·'I}Qt disp.)t.ition in"""""t.... . --- •• ..,...1- "'JIIIl1; ~
o\IRlllO Fore... of II .\1.,. 19-H. Or:","', ... f::"G_~.
l ..,..".,.."" .... .Jth.1lt1>
"rro~lInt nIH] "1"',,.1"8 "11,,,,,,1' '1.lon·t k"ow: .\1· of Ill1\' offi<'ooN! all"'tl~ Ih.. I'risou"N! of war. [1,,~ ~ Ikt.1 $ ~ •• ..1Id Ittt..\..
"".I'll "''''lIin Cllim. YOll 1)1"" 1M' ,'ar"f,,1 "lien t".~t i;"pli,"'! 11I"t 1"'i"'I1"'" of Will' {Jiller Ih"l1 ofti.
,
"nel, 0 r. '" . G. " ralll1. who
.
I,., ,__ _ -
" t 1.. ItIl"lOIl
, """11 III S J.,tut t ~"'''' r '" .."". HN.1q'1II"",'" of A, he
lI,inlt '''''l'<"ti,·". ,"(!b"k,·•• ur 10rt1ll'<' (!-'Ou"",) for ..'r!' IIlal' I~· tli'I}(I!;I·d of: ·Fur..."dlO Shoko I K(,
(;lIillell 14 ,"!""'ll
, ,. I'
,,"t1\1'1", ,ill"" 1O~' , .• ~ •.
'" 111<1 ""rked
J E' _
M

, veltl'ra)
••••\mn,
.
(1,.""hi Sho/mll \\-0 Kill ~u.' Th;s "":1 Wll8 ,huwn ., t Hl lII"'~lon 10.I"t,1I ,,1. ,\me' (I) 1I.....ii
it will """"'" him to Ii" .nd m"ke a fool of ."011. ""id: Ie nelr .\I.,I.n/!.
~:\Ie.n~ of Obtain in!! :;lal..nlf'lIt: :\lean5 "al')' to II I)('{\.I' ofti<:er Ii",t d.>lS. pri>t111er of war. wl1<> n...>t',,,.-'t''"'"'-'''''
..till'<! il me.nS Iha, ·.,,)'thing. itK:lndin~ killing. ~II" Ila, bea..1 or llUOll'rou.. ' .\..,...llr ~',_ ,",.-,...... r till! .l............
..ilh nal;on.lil)·-Brill,h .nd _\u~ri<;:on 1IOOlll'l. . "'.-t.""",, of tI", • ~.~I _,-Go,. ~
(To ~ "",...;"-, OUI circunlSlan~ pennillin~). "'.,. ~ tlon.. "'itb !,ri!lOtl(,N! of ,,-.r I:o!lo'" oIl'lfw traru.llOn of "'lltUJ"('(1 . .in'~1l
. . , ," , "'atl'll that KoatJ.rr.._ B--~-t,.: I ort ..... lI1 .... ' ..'--
II!fn~ .111' ".... r :!l'ntimem... :\1 ililary objt<:l i"eIl of rank: Full t!~n',ion i, al)llan;ntl~' in the hand, 011 n"m,,~ns ocea~IOII.;;. 0111" • .,. "ol~ IIIt1 in. ""III. "n...J".,.........."
.~~ . .
k".,r liftd,.
.
AIb_... lI"h
~:"!1laud ",,,I .\mer'C1I "'" lIHlirdij:1'ious: the)' do of the fronl tine unit CQI1lll1"mler to kill I'nliSled formMl 111111 lhat nol one
. . •
\meri, .
an Illln.n "0111"
Fi/rl''''",
\l1>eolJ,.'
1'...,,,•.
• 1 II"" _,, 111 Kabubr
UOI ~k peaet' or f do"'. net',,11 ,·njO.I·nhla cx· pri"""el'l or ;;end th"111 10 the J"(!"".] he [Mll'tlllll,,1 10 I"·,,. He ..."a"e • ••,Ie t'f'Q ...", the I' 'u,l G.rtb .". Iip/<I". "'" I _ •
i,tnn<:e of I"..war d" " ~ho'" (''''1'lll,lion of I'"b· ",\ ftcr 1ll';8<J''''rs or """' h,,,'{l b._",u submitted
,
11Iege<I lIet thnt .\1111·,.i"all tll"k. I., ' "I Il'raleh' H"rkinl(' 1-.o"d.,. on K'uai a";~tlll.1 ..nn....,lI.t
, \ u('
'Iuickl~' 10 Ihe n~r," c"n",i"alio" al bau"lioa nm orer·Jul'""l'S(·l'ri""u..,." lit Bu"a. - l'IlY, uu ..,bt-r UIW~, •. 1l. 'u_
lit- morals. deflei..n",· of materi"l, aud fre<IUC'H:)'
"One officer said 11'.1 th(' pol~I' ..... I - I'BD: Jl<~!f'.
of "'rik"" ill tl~ir '00"1' f'01l11tr)·. '\-'Ih llritisb IlI'adqu.r1er!l. the)' ....ill he 'Inm{'{li,tel~' ..u"unlflll
, . . ut~ul' (~I .\/JQ".r
lrool__\llll"ri<'an .lrociues(BoJol to "'0""''' in '0 regin..."t,1 headqn.rt('''1- lI' ""pt.......... IMI",U.
. '1"""t;on
. Ih('fl' "", "
~.:a"run·
"Confiscated doclllnent;l ,,-ill ~ quickl~' ~n1 " "II Ih I ('~. "'ould g->"(' 110 furtll<'r illfon}lIIlioll: .ntI Thl' - _ -.--...J t6.w •• - - . f....
EI1/1I.nd. Witb .\~ri""" tl"OOl_51.te of
"'om('n'~ anti"'Rr mo,'MIlI'nl in Anll'ric>l. I'l'Jrilll('I1t.a1 headquarters. t~ll'1l reqUI .... t~l<·111 to knl'll[ ... ith a brootrl;.(i<-kc in_ manoIwl!'...... f· .. tIw .1..... :-lan.d: do ,,', bo..
~:\I""$urt"$ to ~ n"rmall~' .,101'1...1: Turl" .... "Dclad'''",I1l h"a,I'l""rl(,J'l! ... ill tatlllo,:!:lI" .0 s"le II", kllet': J?il1l.~. I[~ ~tlltetl lh~1 .fter 011(' or _Io.lhtr ttltl'\' ~- • "1ouw", _"..1m" ......
forlheairf(ln:eo<l. • r
(Gor""" l ("'01>1"",(,;< !>t'", inl!. kirk illl!. and 1111 ron· 1I1"'~IIIl1 ""tid,,!, IlI"Oll,:!:thc C"I,tllt-",IIII'II1$, ""'mu. t\\"o h(l",~ o.f t h's '1110;;1 of t h"111 \\'ou Id t~ Ik.' .\ fter
,hlet i""oh'i"l! I'h~·~it:,,1 ~IIffel'i"I!)' h is ,h~ mObt "itiou. foot!. ,·tt.; ",·tl',\' IIH'" will ~() "hout hi, ,,~." th" S«'()tHl lII'-erl'O,I,.~I(io" "'".Iillj,h.-:l. thr)' "'""Id
1~""'I>o: nOi '[..... n.• •.. tiooetl tI..,,,..
.. Itliil~'· o",tl>od Rnd oul" to ~ 11"",1 ...hen .11 el~ lhh "nd Ihe o"e.; ill char,l."" will Sl",d them {lbr 00 I}('al('n and e.~(,(,lIt....1. Ll!'u.J1... 11,\' "l'CIpjl.tion.~ Ji I~"'I""" 1I"'al<>- ."" GrutnIIlII• •re _I f, ...
•.il'Jn.ran,..~ 1"'1'1)/,;: ullBlbtor tuibJo-,.....
f,i6 iTS: ~1_illl~'I11"rbdinlUn. \\ll('n I·io· 1~1!I of spoils!) 10 di"isiol1 oom"""d POSllj. ~
/31 C."ln..
lenl lonun' i~ u!'ed. d"'!I-"l' itlte~...tion <&en (il) l1J.l' follo...il1/1 information "'as UlraoctN 3. Extlmp/~s oj /"jormtllio" ObJ"i.d
If,JrllH '--.....:I .......' ......... ~_
.,,<1 II i~ bt-'Ieli.ci.1 if 01'1(' , ..... <>llio:l'r qU('>.(lon;, in froo" • rolll'elioll of informal101I obt"in('(1 frw •..\~l ('x.In.,I.. of tl", tnle .nd usefuh _ of in. .....11,..;r~<6:rr1
I s)m!M1hl'l;" f,~hion. .'a,·an('$(' pri"",ll'l'S of War c"ptured n('ar ,\ it.!": fo~matlOn obtained b.l· til(' J ....,,_ frou, .\IIil'll 1'. ...:/.;.
"Th... "t~: A~. h'm of l'h~llkRI diJil'Otllforb to <lIlted 2:, Mill' IV+!. il "1'1"-""';; ill "'EFI~ I"te.... I'r,;;ol1el'l! of Will' i, ~hown ill the follo,,-iult ,Iocli' pnr: ....tIt.
COlllC. sudl liS 11Il1rdel" lurlut'{'. st,,,·,·illl;. depri,'''_ ~'" i"n J{"I'0l·t ,\ [2/3;,10/6: III~U~ ~"""sl"te.l ill ATIS EnrlllJ 1'"l.oliellll"" ~G: (~) 1'.t"'.I·...
I'on of ~I""]l. lI1ilitar~' ronfi,,('me"l. ele. Menul "An inform.nt. ",hil" "I KI1I111t0' willl~ltbr ,I r[Mlle,· of \\"111' made thi."h.rl of th.. o"'~'lI"i­ Comnlllll.li"lt oftirl'r of ,1>1' ....,,1 bo'(' i.. of til<'
dilll'Otnfo~ to C'Oni<'. ~1.lCh :0.;; Iha, Ite "'iIl not r
beheadi,,!! of. l>ri""nerof Wllr possibly an .\IIl!I" UtlotlofaAirFo~; rank of tlJ~.m ~"",",,,,,,,d." a,r _ ........ ,~
""i'-e ame II'('IIIII}('OI .S ",hlOr I'ri!'O:>lll'n of
_
r. an J. Th(' Ilr-isoJlI'r of w.r ,,'as tied to" I 1ft" oaewl. Ilulaln- ... ··lID- Ill.- '-
. ".""'"
in e..ent of u.rha~ of I)~rs he ...iII be bpi
1111 the ltil, he ..ill be forbidd('11 to ~nd letters.
...ilI ... forbicltl('tl t<> inform his hom" he is" Ilri!-
oll('rof war. "tc.
lIUe=;liot",d.OOI ... the al\S"('r!1 did 1101 sati"h·tio'
Jal>l.ne;e Ill' ,,-as beaten ince;;;>Rntl\'. ~ ..xt n'lOfII
ill;! he WaS bel",ade<:l.after ti''''1 hll,:ing be..u;;truri
"" thesholll<!,·,'1l with 1•.• WOI'(1. .\ Sl...:""d i"fo....
- 6 ,h, r.,.., ~""H'_
"BY' .I.... t "-
,';j t-lU\IIf,,\i
~I.ri ... ba..., of
S.

."""t
~l 3111ri_ bijl'i>e,.1 of.
Ibr in l'OI"nllln,1 .-itb ... "i< of ",.Iut",l. l'OIlrur-
"Arouse I"H~I ."d w,""·i",,... uf ""I'.
Slith liS "lit witne.s(·d the Sllll'" U'"(!WT"IIt·e. !-I•• fl1l1btr
...."tl....ir rolUltllndl'r_
do Jon kno... "-h,,re )"ol1r "'if" "0"" lines! • • • llIa~l'd that tlw 1";""""1' of "'Rl' a ftel' 1ll'illg f",t fill
Gruw_n lkb,(',.. ,'''''', 15-
that d'51riet ....' ....... il~· boml..tl I"y (jemlalll' re- "'bleb 1"'t"JX>!:leone ""lid "'as "'leaged,..-lIS i"lefTf"
,$IJ~"
"""Ily. Do)"" kno.. 10 ..hat ...... W has 'betoon j::a1l't.1. TIle ./I~... ers did not,;eoem 10 ~ ;;al,;/Il
Ih~ ,....... ~"" of ,"" .... a! ba..
('....,oa~!: Bnt.in i "" ting from 00 to 00; tor~· •• nd II(' "-as ~.I..n ..i,h ,,-ooden club" by"" ..... tM ...II-k (Of <lI1>Ul11II ......11.••ir ,..,..
If IJbe IB ""?" ,"'fN-"ed )011 ill IlII' able to rell1rn ...1 J.p.n_ ror aholl[ "ne hOlJr. ~e.l:t IIwn,.l' lI\IInJo-rl. ~Ill): 1~1.'l
10 ,Jour. ",,~e ."d,d'~ld who lire s..riug .C:ttne Mt about 0700 hours. the Amerielill I"'i"""erof-nr ~ Pia" l1_nurt('f'l'd In 111", .\ ....
(puckl)'. I.• ke tlll~ 1m" 1~""i,,uIRr))" wilh thO!!e •f"P'"I_ >iOldiers "lid ",,,,Ii,,,, "'''111 to I( tl'rtll' (J I COIl1I'Il'l~ l'll<tw ".,,,,,,n.i,Notl<'l" b~' 3 I'I.n.....
,,110 have "'Ife ."d "hildrel1." Il lll ,'tl.wh<!l'e tlll'l'<' we .... lI"(!nch,"'. At 0900 h~ Hel;"""" phOiO """~",,,"",l(O' 10 1..,·(, btoot-n Ili.'r...
•\me,.,..,,,,, 111.lIes bomloed the .irfi..ld. AI J~
RESTIIJCTED
R£STRlCTED
 JAP INTEL hhlbil .\ JAY INTEL Eltbibil A
RE$11lICrEO
,..... nuh,,' whit-h ",,>IllS 10 " In,tauec of ulxllit 90 \ IIlV Hell" &helon H"tl,!llllartetll aU L ,
";1. 1,1""'11,,,,1 ,,,,,I lIake,' . r. ,I 0 'oge Fore Tt Ie f]] ,"1',..... to lhe
(1) ~ot "Sl"d al presen' ,,"oJ 11<> fu,u'"tl phuis. lIlil\'~ wilh a hlllf'lltile CI'l"Ot". 31,1 A_lte' , ., 1', 0 ow'ng eUrnpie _ ~n_ etIm.... I", C01J-'" '
<'4. Plans !OI' .\ll11cking ,he ,\lal."h"lI$ "11. T!'lI"~I'''''1 f"olll lhwaii to tho Sou,hwe><t •.(,rueled f,um A/IS lIulittill 1250; q of Il>uul U},(lO(j, . '~.- Ilftftft eurien
( 1) II t lIkeS n1Jo1it one month ,n Jl"O from I.... waii ~,\ccord;llg to the 8talement of _n AI]·] . nleY It"'e 110 L,fJ!lII .'Ib I lop Iplted of 28 boa
(I) Xone wh"t_,·e.'.
":,. Li"iooll wi,h ;Sulm",,.iul's.
(1) Befo..... " bombing-, Olle Sllbllla,'in,' i$ olll-
til Au,lralia, ro\lt,'S ullknoll'n.
"12. Di~puleh alld I{!.'<:,·ipt of Orders for Air ti,e middle Plt!'t or
. \
Oller of \I'ar, ,]Ie A me"lean ( rilly PJ"Ollu<'Cd durin
Jul,l' of ll,is I'ear a n
'e< prill,
OIl ~
.
:t.j '"m. and ;.7 Dlln
,.
<"Om""'''lelll of eael'
I'
"q~r 1'1"'" bul.......
. lIW: IDe 1'1....
• .
"lI"tn carner _,.. f ....
Tbe_
'h' - ' 3 llotll oflll)
]

,i"II(>(1 f'um 20 to ,.0 mill'S "w"." flum ,It\, objec- Allncks in Ihis Arca fi"hler. the I'-Ill (North Ameri;;'n) Th" m ' "1111>01111 Fd'! .."I 5 G TO 0 -
~ , eyueh , , I'\Ullmln F.. One or
ti,'\' in Ihi o "''ell in ('",,, S<'llll'lhing 1,'01'8 w,....lIg. (I) .\fler lell"in;:- Ihwaii. the Sllltlldroll lenl~er 11..."d,'· be~,lln to lise these at home and ill ,he "'0 I' alles a~ .lfiIl elrril't! .

HOl\"ew''. 1ll> di,t,<', ,'"di" wn,ac, is ","de. III"H" "I"'I\S s... ItI,~1 "l'Ilc">l ,,,\\1 h,~ lea l'nS of the It> IS, Fllr"]",,,n
• I Itentel",
., . lind tlwl' ",ill ......,. .
,"""-' appellr 1I1 "SIlI"",lCOOrding 10 lhe 0~=1:~~~ lhe ph&.
"6. Def""""'8 of 13"*8 inlhe Pacific ,\rea ,i,," fvr the fi~, lime. Deluils t1l1kno\\·H. I, ap- Ihis ll,"('n .. II"s plane h.h Ihe SUme engine as the Olltrs of "'ar "'e", '"ppltlttellta

(I) Hawaii: Na"~' Ilel"SOlinel 2,OOO~3,OOO, 1"'''''1 Ihllt no,hing like n slll-'Ciul radioed ordc~' is 1'-10. It IS used ns II ~lI'e bomber Or fighter. It w.re ",,1 boa I I ,rr ptl"8OJlDtl, l!at,
I 1"1 t It ewrr..... "'''''" the Iilrikin
Al"tl.)" pe'"SOllllet 2,(lO()..4,OOO. Com p I 1', \' 1Y I"t-'I'ei\'cd II tla)' 0" so befot'c, Ite Kllack. .\t ,he tUlle is e.dremelr fa~t. (mIlX"nUm speed is O\"er 800 km, force lefl IIOIlOlol u in a ewrrier bawd pl."", an~
o.'<J.lliplled wilh gum,. Send ul' bid loons III nighl (,f Ihe :S-alll'lI 1I1l1tck, ,11'0 ;.tencral otliePI"S were pel' hour); Cl"IlISlllg caunolls Or four 20 IIlm. can, 11l1(Itd Oil ,ht tarrier -"-_., ,., .,__ ,L
f II .............. m,,,,,, .oU"'''l!iIt
and from lime 10 lime <llll'ing ,he dlly for al~,a"l. 1I0llS,lIlid 2 lll11chinegllllll. It enn Operllte at 'retl o onolulu&! suLetilale ptJ'Sl)llnel.
n'(;Onllai~n~-e. .\oou' 200 HUlks ,md lll~"n l2 "13. 1'''''"01 ue,i,·i,l'. nUitud.·s "lid its lIlulleu,·el'llhilit.'" is greltl'" g "'I1,e. Gromm.n TlW (ClIrr;er_butdj is •• in_
amphibiOlls tanks. (I) By ~hip or bou, for "hou, 100 (H"Uli'';IlI) e. Thtl followiuj.:" tl"ansla,iOIl f!'l'm JIC1'O,\ !!It-ellgme plalle ... nl, • "l~ of ,JQIJ kilonltlt...
(2) .\lil!\I'ar: Abou, 100 MlIl"inl'S: ,1,,"'1' a .... no llIil~... lit hoth Midw"v ,,,"I ~Iawaii. B\' ,,,d,,,' fm' Item 7:184 is of II JaIlUllese dOClllllellt CllptUred on '':'' ),ollr "nd. nngeof 4.000 kilomttl't'!!••nd llao.
lllnk.<, aoonl 100 (IU'U' iCIII)' 1Ilill's. By 1'It'l'(}lpl11n... ~ 800 Mnkin lItollnnd issued b~' 31'11 Spt'<'ial Base ForteS, L,~ 110rse·llO...er eogine. It is equipl'td "'illl I
(3) Caltlon: AbuUl 100 ",'IlI)" Incn a' al'm)" (Il>lutical) miles ou' (4 ,,",,tches), 1'1lll"OI dir"C- .\l.kin d"l"cllluent, on 2(; Oc'obel" l~a. ASH'r- I~.~ mill. m.dllne ~'On ...itlt 200 f"OI/nUs of ammu_
bllse~. Intermedi",e ba"", <lefen""s good. Small ,im,g lIuknown." isks imlit'ale mltleri,,1 omitted by JICPO,\ for IU!lon, ..,,1 2 'i.7 81m. mullin. g"'"" ...illl 100
Itumber of 'anks, e. An imerl"<Jglllion lllbeled "Heporl 120" and seellri,~· .'Cltsons: :,",und~ or 11ll1l111nilion. forMel1 gun, I~idea this.
l\ carries 4 !( 2:.Q.kilognm boolbs. Aboul half of
(4) I'tllm,\'l"ll: Abutll :100 Ila,'al lle',*"ll1Icl. p"bli.hed by U,e 31"11 ,\i,. AI'm)' 10 g.'l"ember '·P,'isone,. of Will' Interrog"tion Report.
TheNl a'1l 111lneh"", and" few AA guns. No 1!M3, eonlaills detllile<1 ;ufOl"lnat;on (~)tlcel"ll;lIg tlll'Se pllnes .ret<jllippttl ...ilh radar.
"Dnte of captllre: 2-2 O<:tober 1943.
'links, the 9,h I~holo 1{''I-,tHll1l1is,mnoc Sqllnd''Uli. The "The strikinl! rlJl"tt th.ngtd i,s MlltSl' 10 ..·est
"PIal"': .\lukojilllll (nih'l 1.<lllIU!) ill ,\lllkill
(<0) Fun"fll,i, AhoHl ~>(J() .\llIl·ines. There al'e ,,"hcll al10111 :lOOmiJese.st nfT.n.... iUlheG;lben
,"hle of e<>ntell'S....xlllleled frOtll the ITlIliSlatiol1 in ,\toll.
10111111$, and ,b..... fttr mo."t</ in .n ..... llOOlt
,,,"ks. .\TIS Blllh',in IO'J8. is illuSlrative: '-Prisollel'S' "allles, rallks. lllHl hi,iories: 100-200 mile:< a"""~·.I'r-e.'-lImably .. 'lJp 'peood.
(6) .John~lolI: From ">6--200 I>a"al pl·'"SOlinel. "I. Smmna,')" "Pilol_X,,,".\" I__'r"c li"u,ellallt (jullior '"On carh mission. all 2:, pl.1>tII uke oil' from •
Xo lunks. '-11, ltems III,estig"ted gl"ade)* (28 ye>l'"8ol<l). G ...<lult'ed in 1938 from rarrier. The ,;hiJlll send ,hm> Oll~ .hem"ely.
(7) Oll,tlner: There a'1l 1,lRn5 for an aidielll, l. Persollal Hislol"\" of Prisoner of War. ;.loti'" D>llIle Uni"ersily (which is II school of thr Some of ,he pl.aes ",rry OUI "",",urit]· l'''rol o<e.
(8) Endel'bm'~" Xo "i,'field, 2. .\Iovement l)rio~ 10 Bc;ng Shot Down. F'1!neh Syslem) ill Chicago. Thel"\!afler he """" ,he .arri.rs.
·'i. Ship ,\IO"emell's
(I) lIawa": One 01' 2 batlle~hips or cmi"","!!,
:I. OI'J:,'lluizat;on alld Disposal of the AmeriCUH
Air F'o~.
pmplo,l'e<l IlS II ci,'ililln pilot. He has .lone n.·i., ~The prisonpJ'$' Ifl."e (TBF) look ... 1I" II .bou'
,ion wm'k siuce he waS 17 ,'elll'S old, He enlerMl OiOO hours (}fI 19 Sel>lember in ordtor III c.rry OUI
cle., ada.,', 3 Iranspor,s a dH.'·. mO"ing in ",' Ollt: 4. Flight Situalion, ,h. Nu,'y ill l!l41, alld "ftcI'; yenr';; t,.,.ining 8en'Ml i}l(lel"elld~n1 ........1I11.i_oce vI I~ resul.,. of I~
1Ie<.'O,·ding to his experience there lIre ahl"l')'S 2 r,. Trll;nillg and Instructions. IIlainly liS a pilot instructor. His 1're8l'lIt lour of opel"8'ion... The,~ .rr;,'et! o,·.t Ta.........bunl 0900
or 3 shillS a, nnchor-in PCDrI HRrhor. Ii. Rep,,;r "lid SlIppl.\'. dutl' ;s {he first in combat. He became I( lietl' h"ul"S: .nd•• fter Ih•." h.d ol.d. one I"d 1 h.tr
(2) )lidwKr: Onl~' transp\u1s a, allchor, no 7. Cl,","cteris,ies of the 1'-:18 1111<11"_5. le"'Ull (illnio,' gmde) in Seph>lllber of 11l-I3, ,rips ia ,h.llOl1b and so.IIb d;l"!'t1ion ..-hile eol"ry'-
\I·.....,.ltil's. 8. Condition of PnndlibeStlwarll Airfield. "Radioman and pllO'O>!rll),her-:-;a".'" Sl'«Jnd ;lIg OU, j,hOl"l1,..phic rtoI"OI,na,-~, ,h. f""llallk
(3) Cnntoll: Xo ships al nnchor, '''\llnched elull1_9th I'holo Stllu,dron Ol·!,'llili. cI"!!/! petty ollicer. (30 Jeul"!! old).· X"""'l'aper of ,h.ir pl."e "'lb hl1, llid Ihto~· made. forr.tll,"d,
(4) Funafuti: ~(, ~hips nt anchor, zll,ion Table, I.'"peselle,' boforo he cnlcred ,he sen'ice, inl-:" .bont 5 mile" 10 ,he "",Ilh of BellO 1,;1.",1 (lll
(~) Palm~'ra: Ships al nnch"r-unknQWlI,
"Atlaehed ske'eh l-Mo"cmclllS of His 1'11111" "~l"chilte !,'lllllll'l'-NI"'Y !l<'COHlI class I'ell)" of· uu;nh.hi,ed iolallll) ...he", ,he," .... tn.ill"" f<>r 4
~8. Xc,," 'Ve"pons
"Altllehed sketeh 2-ClimerRS J lIstlilled Oil P--38 fice,'· (20 years old), Farmer. "'....""- I/o"e'''''' ,he~' h.d 00 1'1"O,'i,;o,l8. .1Il1 nOl
(I)' ~one whnL'\Oe"er. and 1-'-5. ".\('<:(}nling to a ~\'nthe8is of lhe priSOlier of ,,"ar l>ein" .ble 10 gel .Iou!l" 01' """""ul", Oil 2Q .000oher
'i1. Transpor, f,um Hawaii '0 Ihe South
(I) Pers(lIln~l: C-8i ('1!modell~.,J B-2",) uS('d
~'\l'"che<l skeJeh .1-P,,"dahl'1I1IWllrll Airfi.I,1 s'ol"ies. 01\ 5 J ul)' t ":0 c,.>Tiers (I'rinceltJII ~lId &1, the,,"•• ,ue '0 3Iuk<ljitn. (Bibl; 1,1",d) UI <l1'Iler
(early Sep'ember). leQu Wood) left Philadelphia eM"O}'tcd o~· fool' '0 ;"'1 some food,
for I,il",;; altd high ollieials.
"Attnched 5keteh 4-P'lHdllbesUII'ItI'U Ai r 6rlJ destro)'Ct",. They SIdled 10 HOllollllu "il POliarna ';While in ,heir I'1llKo-r bo&,~ arltr I>CUll-:" fOl't"l'd
(2) Freigh,: t:se C-87 and Douglas (llll'gely (clldr May)," "nd ~lIgaged in It'ltilling. Th~y I,'fl HOllollllu (}I' .!O\\'n. ,11l'>O' ,nell "1.",,('0(\10 l)oul!l.s liBD·s. 11",y
ellginl!S am} other nirpl>me and radio m"'eriel), 12 Sel'temlJC" C$C(}l"lcd III' ,11'0 ligh, cruisers alld
"10. Hadnr d, In,ellil!ellce rcpol·ts clll!!/!ificd )lilitnl'y VU'" \I.•'" qlll:.tiOnN .fltl1htr 011 lhl;; llOlUl, KIl.1 ,h.J·
Se.::"el. dated 25 :'io"embel' 19-13 to 16 March 1M<, t~'o deslro~'et"S, nnd p.....:edcd in a solll~,wesle.rIJ: ,;oi.! ,Ill' Ih•.,· ,hd uOl kuo..· "h«t...r Ihere ....."
(I) lie doesn', kno ... RlKlUl ships, but SOme of ,lIlWlion at a speed of I~ to 28 kliOIS, wlnlc uk'".~
lhe ji~hlel'lj alld nearl)' all olher t)'[>es or aircraft wer~ ""dollsl,l' is.~lIcd hy ,he 41h Air AI'n'.I' S,.ff .1I00her 51r;!.:iul! fo....... 00' lh.1 ,1..."" 1'1.11<'$ Hld"
Se<:IIOIl, the 1811t A!"IlIy Staff 8e<:,iOIl, and the ISlh e\"R~i"e action ali(I followill~ " zi/:",zag ""lIt'l!e,
"","em>
RESTRICTED j"i
ii,
 JAP INTEL hllib;l >\
JAf' INTEL Exhibit A
RF.5TRICrED
d. Usu"l uJtitrt(!e: 1,000 f~t (305m).
c"k'(l lh"t th~1"e miJ,:ht h",-e I.,,'('n, The." &,i,l tI,,,t l",ndll'<1 with g,.pnlt'St SC<::I'''')'. Tlllll' will not be
e IJa."leS used: NlI,·y-I....QlI LeWlOQ P I H 0. Whnl all un_tilled p/aoe •
'll,·,~alC\1 to n")",,,,e u"t ,Iil'-.,<:tl)" concemt'(l. Of
""I.,· the ~"plllill of Ih,' ~hip W'l11M kllOw th,,1.
''O"rse it i. 1\,,,lized thnt this j'('port will pa!lll
'I\'K
,.hl' Knnoeo Ie. f .rm)_ "huk" FOJIII 11 k I '
.,ear.,.
~r, ~ ~rt. iJJ.made Ift.n .- ~.,
··Th"." ,lid 1101 kuo.,- "n... thin~ "I "llllhmll lhe - , K' KIP'
II'het'lel", II'~Pll~ ua Ollomt. SO!e:l'heArm:
, ... u e'a Injrllaldfntily. binrand-ar..
"a'"es of 1111' ,~'I~ eS\"(lrting lh,. ,,11'ikiug' fol'<'<' through intellib"l'''~'' <:ha"IIt'ls, but ext'''''IO eir.
pJ~nes 11'1'1'1' dlst I'lbuted olle "'luadron to eaeh ~ p- On thf perim~rorOah
,,,"1 ~m'h on"!!,·",, cU""I'•.'etion is "1'<1\lil"d,
~Ild one »:1"udl'OIl had lhe .lilt)" each (ily. LalelJ': lltalil>rlll. bul t~ IIUIllL. _' .L _~ Iblll''''l'.li~ ndar
··Thr,.,' ",,, 110 ships of 011"'1' f''''l'<'i< "lid-I''' ··J/fI(raihlll ""Iral Sill/lllioll (",,/ Mi~ccllallc("'fI Th ' """'n u... '0!eri<rr ill IIIIbJown.
l"fol~""Ii<", (S<>"''I'e: "I'i~OIICl' of 11'((1' ''''1:1'1'0_ loow6\"el', each 5(ltladron has been !it'llding out Ihe e'r eltectiTflle;oj ;" from lIS to tID Illile-
i~I""d,, "fkr le",'ing" IlvlIol"I". "l1hollgh il i~ COli·
j.'CllIt.....l thal 11",.'" c,"ne Wilhill I'"nge of "il'e,."ft galioll)" .
re<1"iretl111ltllber of IIJRnes e"er)' da.I'.
f, PlllllC crews' dut)": Ail 1I rule, cre"'$ go up a"l' <lIhel" Ullusual Offll'
......__
q. After rMum to ,-_ .... L__ r1,.~
• .._...
'....
"The l"'i;;o,w'"l; (2 re51"""~ Ibt l,eutell"nts of the
OI'"mtil1l! fl'''''' Ihe l',l\rnyl'll '''hi Canton ba".':8.
once a week. B\!cllttse of 1\ ~OrtRge in the number detailed .... p<Jn of lItJl"~t7ponl!<l (el1'll •
('on"«l"el\ll~ .. th,' "hil'" di.l 1l(>1 refuel (III ,;(·a). <:1"11" of ,.1J-24) loO"6 be<.>n e"glll;ed ill Ilntml dUll'
in ll"wlIii f""" Nv,'pmbe,. 1V42 Iv the end 0,1 of plnnes, lhe.," "I'" used tWlct\ II week, bUt there • M~_ Outlille "f tl... ,,'l'Iel;h· ""lJfk , tbe \ ~.
'·Tlw.'" ~"icl that the,,\, "('I'\':? ollll.lll.'"pe ni,..·""fl III U"'-aii . 0 • It orte
c"rrie", llnchol"C.l in Pe"rI llllrhor. b"t 110m there ~I".'" Ill-I:\. The gi'l vf the interl"VJ,""tion follo\\"s: ..... SIlid to he plellt~· of extt'/( crews enn when.
"I. OUlline vf ClI',,"ying our I'"trols. e.... 1I' is "sed but on<:\! a 'n:ek. a.. O~. "'ffok IJIIT (";ItT)' out the palrol "" llf.
were 110 plnne,; "b"ar,lthem: and they said lhllt
g, ,\11 us,'.nutOllultie piJ"t COlltro!. scr'be<! 1II the 1'~"iOt1>< patqral'h..
Ihese weI"ll th,,"~Jl\ of "0 ("",,,,,! "hips. "01 c"nien;. n, CIl"i" of COllltllnnJ: The comnlllnding officer
b. 1 he l<]lIllirou en~M in patrol take.. tin
TIIC" nJ;;o silid lh"t lhe,,, W,l" one d"Ill"~e<.l cmise,' of the Na,-al fOI"Ces in this n,~" directs lhese 0llCr. ),. Blldur- is <:n:plo~'\!d lIe"r th\! extremity (If pa_
of rest I fler • flI.'rol. ~unlil.f bas been ab.nd<>ned
(in 'l'NIl'1 JI'"'bol", d"n1l.ge,l in the Solomons) "nd "tions, ,",ll ,\,.,"... ,\ i" Forces "I'll nuder his COlll· lro) oul.r. III tillS ",anlle", gllJlS ill the plltrol de.
as a lbrof rt-• .m?" lb. bomhi"/!'of I'earl lI.rt)(,r.
that one sunken I»itl1r..loip lInd lj 01" , destroyers llllllld for control ne! i,'i lies. fense are ""oilled, (The effecth'e muge of the ra.
dar is Ilbout 90 miles,) . e_.Of th.';"'.1IIial! he J.}-.... Ih"", I1'l' <pellt
could he <;('('11_ h. Nun,lwr of palrol pl"nes nnd number sent
In ~,!!ht lro'llln!: O/lerolioo.. h ("Ik,.•.-<: llombillg
"Pl"i","er of "·sr Slllted Ihili. although they ont: XI"',,1 £eaplnues, 1'13 Y, B pl"nes; Army bomb. i. Methods of contact with the b/(~: Radio is
lra'III~l-" (.pproximately.1-4 hou", )-1M boml>inr
"-1'1'1' not ""I'e. they d,oui!'ht Ih~,~ w~''\' r2 or 13 e'os, B_24, 8 pillnes, The tot,,1 of 16 planes is b>lsicj lIsed to report disco"er'S of tllP cnemy. '\$ a rol1/l"C 's 01' the "l.nd <>f Klu.i. :OJ.kil(~m ~nd
large l."pe plllne;; at the "irfields On Q"hu. bOlt. depend in!! lln lI\"teri"ls. illlri othe,· d"cum. prindple the)' should report theil" position e"l'n' bombs Ire drol'pt<1 on a I.arl1tl CtJD>l.."liol!: of ~ ... ~,.
"They did nOt use c,,!or('(1 ~ih"nal. whe'l the." .In''t~S, llornllllJ... 12 to 16 pl"nes 1l1'<l tlSIX!. In the h(lllr, bUL there Ill'e IllBn~' who do not. Call sign;, ffillric eirel<'>i of :;) ftel. ](lO feM •• tld ~ f_
sighlt.'(llhe SUDs heeause the.,· w(>re worried about pll.t' n"mlhs there WlOS nevN'1I time when there elc., "'"(} unkllown. diameter. Gunnery" tnini"" II!'ProIi",.lel.. :!-3
I~in~ "i~ht.....l by J''I'llnese pi",,,>;;. and wert\ n"t WllS less th"" a 'nini",,,,,, of to plnnes. j. Code words: In case of a forcetl bnding and liourB)-fitilll! is .... rTifd OUI on I <w.."I' t(".~ bf
sun'! whether 01" nOt lhese weI'(> Jalllluese plnues, c. P"trol ''''ellS: Ge,,,,mlly di"ided into 4 "I'eas <1ispatch of a flring boat is dcsiretl. the foJlo~-illg a 1'_iO (the m... lli,1I' J!UD .J"IIWllfllt of t~ .\-~'O.i.
··EH'·... Ja.,·, as Ihey drilled. th~.,' ."aW Jal,ane!;C of no,·thwest, nOl'lhe"sl. $OlItl'\\"\!$t., s<"'thellst. If mde wOl11s n'"e used; "He,'\' we "''<l b""lhering tlUb h~s 1...." modified .nd il h.; been C'UlIt1<ned into
Idane!:! go b,'-' thN'e II'" "0 ""uslU,lsit""tions, Ih\! whole urea is ill ~l.1r," J" lion <.'\"(>"t"f r"IUl'n bcclllLie of bad a night 6/.>J"er). .\1.im.n.1I(i:' J'1i!rl>1 (apPl"<oIi.
'-·n,,~~· did not imme<.liatel.\' gi,'''' themsch-es up C<J.'IllIl)" patrolled by ll,e 16 planes, In Ihe past, weather: "Thelll is f""nl:' Others lIot deliI'. Jltateh' 3 houn;)-Illl'lle<'Iim of ~n~ and Oilier
when the~' a,.,·iH'(l at Turku,"t!re IsllInd (an ulli,,· emphnsis has lICe" pl"ccd 0" the "orthwest dis. k. Exte"t of ,,"enlhel' hindrllllce: [f "i~ibiliiJ thing;. and makinf! COOII*" dp, iatiol. corre<."IWn_
habited isl""d) heellU8e the.,- did not know l,·icl. i~ IIO()I' ""Iv", 'Ill "ititude of 1.000 feet. the plsn. 1114' tWll dns wMn tM ....re no lIij!bL'. "penti.....
whelher or nO! fOOlI 1I"0uld be gi"en them, and "2. Th\! Pia" is Shown in the Following Di!. lIIrl1S b"ek. If il is I'ninin!!; bllt there is good Ire 11I0IIe.lla miimeo.l\Crn"t~ pi..... The<:re..
lJecau"",, they Ihou~ht Ihat tl,e~' would be kill.....!. granl [nol reproduced). "isio" at the e<.lge of tile storm, the p],llIe will take spends its time s"'immu'l'" II thf du], or ......,inl!.
'·The)" hlld expe<:too to C>lCalltl 10 solll\!wh"'ll if a. III Cllse lher'(l is no p""licul",' ehllnae in thl' off. HOWll'·Cl". if VIl tloe wlIr il .houl,J el100IIl>ler I......e or Iibert:>~E,XCCl" f"r diy, ,,{ b<>lidor
they were not rapt"red when th(>.I" calli\! to Muko. Sil""liolllll,d lhe ","('''s ""e ""t""Il)" p'ltrolled [not d.llS6 clouds, 0 ... plnue should pHtrol the area. (If rouli"•• offic<..... onl~' .rt llt<'lII;uf'd to ",,""f the
jill1a (lJikati Island). 11']l,·od',,:ed). ,1.. iOll" uight fllr ire&> from ,,-hicb t"',~· rould
goo,l ,'is"bilit~· unti) th" rt'glll"r relllrn ti1lli'.
··Thc~· al'(> SIlid 10 Ioa"e told lhe Ilati...,,; on Bi. b. When emphasis is pl"o.:ed on the northwW ....lurn wit hi" ::! i>oul\- I orrin." ill ~:n.,ILJ, : ~ hou.,..
During the, "'omlos, tllke.offs wet<' stopped 3
kllti the foIlQlI"i"g: 'We are confide"t that the dislrict [not repn)(IIK'Cd). limes due to inclelll\!nt wealher. al(>rt1·
Cniled SllltCll will i'll"lId... Ihe Mal'Sh"ll~ ami lh ... •. ~. n,e .,a,e of ""I'I'J;'" in O..,,,,i,
":1. How lhe Palrols "t"(' Curied Ollt. J. ["'·i.nlll" '''''X'J.!"ilion: l..oO:llti"" of ,\lJied
Gilberl;j in December aooul Chr;,tmus time. and I. III gelleral. no Ji!li.:ulty - e""""ntH"f'<l ;11
". B-24s lind PBl's 111'1' disposed Ilh.er"atel)" (i~ ship!! is jll-e;'iOllSh' k"owil. In <:a;;o; II ~hil) is eu-
recapture theo>e i~Jartds, so do,,'t treat us rough1...:
In the inter"'1-'lltion they insiSted that thel' had
ol'der' to facilit",,, ''('SCU\! in c"se " pl"ne is forttd
tlown), .
I)
('()Illltel'ed, t h(l sh i wi II fi,'<l" )Jrea rrangetl co[on!'<!
.$UJ'J,h·.
b. ~Itl;tlr~' .w....re btoo..~t ill (II' ""'~ of
nare (red. blue 0" "I'('('nns decided for that ,Ill)'). O'lCI'. nlomh. TIll' eon\'O~" of I~ tn :;(l-l"t",·rt
n01 mad" this .Ialernent."
b. Dist""ces out to Sl'lI b)" plnues: The general .Xext, the p)alle' willfil'e .. thesa"'eeolo'·/la..... p' r,s· """,ned Ill' Ipproxim.'.l}- ~ JNl'O~·.rs.
f_ ,\n01loer Jo<'umem ba<P.<! on l"'i»:lller of WIl"
t'ule is BOO miles, buj t'lking into eonsidern(ion I'" 01,1'" elaims thnt Ihe ],.~k of ~trict .uforce",eut of III ...j,leni>hi"" "'11111"e..1o~ t'JI ........ 111"(1.
illf(,rm"lion sl,o\\"s its diSl'emillatiou bv th\! :11'1
(i"teJ1i~tllce) DellHtn,pm of the :'ia,'y Geneml
e"e!li ng meal. they tlsUlIlI)" go 700 miles ",Hl ....tu lll "I<reement c""SlXI 10 iIII tn tlmp bomLos 011 a friendly
",(lwr " ":'''l.''d .,wl
.Il, I 1oI>e. ..... f.rn«l: tM _._, I 'I'ro·
horne, The ~Ioort leg of the cotn·se is 120 mil~ 8~lb,nll"il)e. sco"illg n "eat' mi~ lIud ca",in!' C'Jn· f ",nlll pl.".... ate ...mto'-..>.'II .1 14'~ .....
1...... : " d ""il'l"'" in fre,ghlers. . The~"," great
Staff. which l'ul"li.h('(1 1101' followiug report as 11
Tloe scHch )ill~s ",'e as sholl'll in figure [nol rel'rt> s'd~tllbl(l .lam"!,,,,.
'-.\mel"ical1 ~Jililary Classified nep",.t sr' Jnt&l dllcetl). <ral an _hIM fi!!h"n 'II ;;t~'e,
m. Night pnlrolling not enforced. .
2J October 11»3. Capttlre<1 0" Makin, it was
tran,lated.ll! JICI'OA Item BIG-I: c. Time of deplll"tUl'<l lind r'dum (,,11 Jll~~" II, On [>111"01: 'JIlI'eIl 500 pound (:!']~ k,10.!,'TlI"~81 n~;~I~~i;:;~':~. cuy. exf(!I" for Jiquor. tI....... is
I~a"e lit, th\! S"llle lime): Oflp"rlU"e 0/00, relU"" l.olllbs, Il.~ weI) lIS 2 )< 395 gallon (150 liler) ["CJ nll ....1 short.ge.
"The conlents of the repOlt • • • I<'ill b\!
1100 whcli going" out 100 miles, tank> of gasoline. lIre cal'l"iC\1 in lhe bomb I>a~'.
RESTJUCTED
RESTRICTED
 J,4.P INTEL E"hibil A
RESTRICTED JAP INTEL Exhibit"

"c...\ir In,m,, 10 lhe fmlll lille "ia Haw"ii (4) D'''''l'lopmenl of completed fil'st·line air. ..,t.. .
.• if I hll war sit"al iOll w..:o>ne;s f.""-b' PO •
'11 1._ ~. t,
Ilti"ks AmetlCa WI nOl..., compelled to tI>le rhl"!ll.
"
II. On I h.. a'·.."');..... 1h..,·.. n.l' fr"ttl 60 1" ,0 pi" ",,'S fields.
I ",,,dttl·'"
(Ii) "'oteS on B-2!'!.
b<'in~ fetri ..d "ad, """,I h t" I 10.. froltl. 1hI! 1u"joril.'"
(6) Totul U. S. sHengtl> in Sunth P"eific and
,r~·Il. \<:"""'." Methods of Fsing Gas
of the", are IJ-:!r". "",I tl,,~.l' "1',' " few B--2·!":.
So"thwest P"cifie tll'cas:' (I) )Iethod. of sl'M'r ill g fronlairplaltC 11M been
Howe'·er. ttl"n~' B-2;',,, llI'e "s<-'(I for tra""p'WI"tion
h. Thll following exu·tlet is from lh" ",inlet!. »Il1ir"I"..I." streSS<:!d, nlld Hrin/! al tlte lowe;,t
PUrp(~". •\hh"ugh ocr.,ion"II.,' Ih.. re "re for. I ,.,. 1'1""liS,S earri"d OI1tllO<;.
I!l'aphed lilt- of theJnp"nlJS(l4tlt Air AI'my News ,ible It I,ll" (' ''I "Pp,·O\·{'(· at
Ulill inllS l~l1lsiot inor "f " tn" ;<imum of 16 ph.. ",,$;, Ihe
for lite pel"oll 1;1 J"nunl",I"-l5 'Itlr.-:h 19,14, main. jQ feet fl'om the ;r,"Ound, ~\'ell.lho\lglt lhe "nern,'
numb.'" '-ari{'g. The" fl.· from Ihe hom..l"nd. "nd
afler" w.·. .k·" "e$1 tl~p.·rl for the ".,,,t1o. lai,ted by tl,.. 14th Field Air Supply Depot. l'hi6 hashe.. u fOl'ew"rned. (It IssaHI lhe B-17 will be
h. Llltil ohOlll )[n,". "II ..""""li,,1 r... l'oir male· ~li"u. ~ntilh;d "Speci,,1 News 2'2," d"t~0(16 U"rch "'luip]>{'(l wil h G"I"'ayi nl; "ppatatus, eoltlaillillg Iii
ri"l~ for lh... f,-ollt Ii""" w,"'" shipp.·.1 h)" ni,' to ""d issued b\" the 4110 Air '\1'''')" 0l'eml;o"s See. litc'-S ""el,. Tlte 1l-:!4 "'~,.l H-25 "'ill bP equipped
Hawaii. How""e", w!lenlh., n"*"',,,bl... "",I r"l'ai,' ti"". wa~ tr~HSlitled in ATIS Bullt'lin 1214, ",ilh 4 ,,,<"It "I'I'It,·"tHS.) I hel.., tll'e .mal! "Ild I"rj!{'
!>hop. now undet ('OI,SI ,.""lion ill Fiji. is tompl",pd "~~ollowiug ",'" thl\ re~l1hs of inquil)' 011 mat- 1~'I>eS of gns ?-,mbs f~r w;e wil.h "ario"s Inll'S of
repairs eRn bP mad .. thet'('. Th"'ll is all ".~I remel.'" le,'S concerninl! chemicnl "'orfare, obtoin...d from ,irplnnc.;. LI~htnCSll IS Ihe maIn factor. and nOll.
small 8<:ale """",mbl)" "ntl r.. p"ir sh0l' in Brisb""... inlen'O/!"lion of" Ilrisouet" of wnr' prrsiSt"UI glls l>omlos will 00 u,;ed.
e. ,u'O,,1 1 .\I'ril litis -,"PH. n 1'"I,c~' of using ",\. Enelll)" ["""I'"r"lions for Chemic"l '\'''1'. (z) ~'iring of gus shells is us"all~' dOtlc by
B-1 is chien~· in lh.. European lh..ale,· WaS de<;ided f",... Irlluch mortltt'S (7 cm., to em., 15 tln. are lh" J
upon. TIl<' B-24. whid, h.s grealer rall)!O lhnn Therea"e chcmic,,1 pl"nls iu ",'eoT ordn""ce for. standn,.1 t.\·[)(\~~).
th... former. will be ",;ed thiefl.,· 'n Ihe l'a<:ifk lhcn. to,'\" ill lhc Unil ...\1 Silltes, nnd il Cnn 00 ",,,,sumeoj (3) It cltn be 11lIticip"lt,<llhat gas shells woul,1
tel'. The gl'l"nlpr pn"l of Ihe f()l~'" of B-17s hIls tl";1 thc'· nre mn"nf"etnriug b"'~~' The chelni. be mix~d wi lit oth... ,· shells tltld fired UI)(IU iolands
relurned 10 lhe ma'nland. cal warf~I'" se""ic-e a'-sen'l!S center p"rlienlar1J iu ."d ship".
"7. The ol"1ne<:1 S!n'llj,."lh ill Unw"ii "rOlltld )["y S"l! Lake City, Utllh, Bcsnklln" [presumllhly (4) 11..,,(1 gn'""des.
B. Pradicalh' e<;Infirm("(1 a 100nl of Artn" "lid Te"al"k'll'al 'l'e!(8Si aud Edgewood, Murrland. "C. Type;,; of Enen,." Gas Shells: Chloropicrin,
Xa"y of aholll i.'>O.ooo. The Army and X",:.'" <lis· )[or",wer, IhN'e ate cdnClllional f"cilities for ])il'ho»)(..."e. M'lsIII,·d. Lewisile.
IlOSilion and organiz"li"" is nOI known. Slrenglh chemical wa,",a .... in llmen"ls under comma"d. [Q (I) Them al'e fnur Sland"ro types of gll' It,,'
of RIl Arm)" di"i~i"n, I'eat-elime. I di,·is'''". 10,000 &l't~ntber of Inst )'e"r. the pro"isional ehentirol nbo...... bIll POW hen ...l of" ';,'lIS '"(!gimelll witlt lIell'
me", "-",'Ii",,,, \ di'·'s'.m. :lO,OOO ltwn. ",ad",.., school WaS ...stublislwd h!l.'ilily in Sidnel', type of I!"S whidl is odorl(";;lj "nd colorl\"$\!. capable
b. ","umber of plaltes, A,·m.,' planes. 400 "ppr,-,,,i· ,\u~tmli". Illtd "'''S inSt"ucling oflicers who W~~ of e"using in"l"nt denth. Howe,-e,·. delails an!
lIlRlel.I·: :s u".'· "l"ne!. 400 nPI".o"i lItatel.,· : t", a I 800 !It""t, f"om each foree of the J\ I'lll~·. (It is said thlt "llknown d,,,· to sHiel secl"t-::y.
appro"'",atelr· "" omecr of lhe prisoner of wnl"~ unit was sent W ~D. Elte,n-"'sl'l"llpn,·,,t;On and \<:xlem of Tnlin.
c. In Hawaii. lhe .... is It sm"ll '''C()'''l:,issallce lhi~ school in October.) i,,!! Aguillst Ch ... mic,,1 Wa]"fare
school. bUI olherwise no air school. He"n[ thnt several trpes of J!"S>;cs hnd lx'Cn Sl'Qt (I) Completo indi"id""l "'Iuipmetlt CUIlSiSlS of
d. Shipping "'alters unknown." to and slol'ed in Gundnlenual ,tl\d i\lOntllSl'rU I;· I!IlS lllnsk, prot~li"e dnlhing. "nd nlUjg"S Oi"l-
g. The follow,ng i"letrogalion tlOle~ 011 U. S. land. !-lO\\-e'·... r. d"'l"il" "'''' nOl know" due to strict mcnl (in tuoo 0" e"n). De•.,,,,talninalion unil.
air fotC<.'$ i" Ihe Solomons nltd olher air $ubjecl~ enfot"eemettl of 8e{;rocy. MallY bombs of >'Hi""" and de<:'OrHtuni""li'lg sohliprs in each reb';",etll
were e"t':lIcled from a "otel>ook COltSiSlinJ;: of jot- kil[(l~ HI'''' stOl",d in G"odHle;uud, ("bout 30 "'... n) '""t.\ ll'lll,ipl'etl wilh complcle pro-
ted notes by slaff ofli.,..rs of \'ari01l$ .fap"neS<l 18th Each unil h"s 1x00>u p"o"id"d wilh a docum,,,,'· l"'eti,'c ""lllipmcllt.
Arm~' oolll\nands. The nOlel>ook WaS caplured Olt in"lion "nil in Cin"lh,lcnn,,1 a'""" (POWs unit ill (2) (lila w"l"'li,,~ to tlidields ""dl0 AA, a~il.
Hollandi" 2:1 April 19H lInd d"led 2f, Octolw,' p""lieula,") du" 10 the 1'0S/li(,i1itr of "u ~Mnlf lerr uuits 's given br using frillngnlor W"nllllg
\lJ.t3 to the end of Januar,l" HlH, holder "Ild unil uig10t I!"S "ttnck simil"r to lho",,~ ean'ied /lUt hy .ppa""t"s.
unkno"·n. It isexln,eloo from ,\ TIS Enenn- Pul>- Ihe ./al'''tl<lse ill China. .\lso SIX'Ci,tl illtl'llig""lt (::) It i~ snid that Ih... PU\\' while ,1"tio"....1 ilt
lie"io" 1,3, . '",,[)(It"ls assert tl"'l from &ptemoo,' of InSl .lear 1I.1"'"ii ulld{'['We"t long houtS of g", mask lnlin·
"Princip..l Snbje<::lS of Imerro!!"tiou tlteJap""ese h""e h..",u fOl'w"nliu/! 10 ead, flying il'l!, nl>oui >1 houl"!; d"il,' f/>t'one week .'ach ",onlh.
(I) Air st....ngth '" the Solomons. I'eg-intent n new lype of )!"S which is odorll"lS.1Id under II ... direcli,," or chcn}icnl W"M"'" ofI\cers.
(2) Pions to knock Ollt Raba"l (wilh sketch l'Oloriess. III "icw or this, "irpl"nes \\wr ,1;'- I~t GtttldtolclltlRl. 10 lCSl and Sllt·,"c~· Ihe co"~lItra'
of possible laudinl' points). p"tchcd inlntedilltel.l' 10 I-I"waii. Glmdalell""!. ,lid t,oll of /!n~ (Ill c1ond" or r"in.,· tl,,~'s, green .colo red
1'011 MOI",sbr to l"ke defensi\"(1 Itnd offens irt pules nl)()ut It rnclel~ lonl! lind 150clTl. ill dl"mrl~r
(3) Distribution of air sll",nb"h at Torokin•. are pllll... tl al"Olllld hI' [",inlS to the airlirld. and ,f
tlleUlll'()S; and at lhe s"m... fim... fhe ehemical ,,..r·
)~o.no Island. :Sew Geor!!i., Gltadalenltal, and 'E!!- tllt'st"t'd g"~ comes iulO cOlllnd wilh lhem (,!try
1"1"10 SonlO. f~,,,, ~IIOOI w~s eslabli~hed ill S)'dne)' for inst~
t'on 'n off...nsl\'e tlnd defensi"e tlS<l of g"s. flo tlU11 red. A tllpt"in oollltn"nds H d,'COlilanllll.·
RF.5TRICTED
"
 JAP INTEL Exhihil ,0\ JAP INTEL Exhibit A
RESTRJCTED
(e) 30 millllt<'S with prus;<ic j!"s ('<lncenl"ntioll ill gWC I (>l·de,. .hould ~ handed "'·er 10 the
~r"illj! che'",!llI! it i, likeh> lloat in ~Ion,,<hv "ud ofjee r witholll tIel?.\'. , llItpply
on GlIluh,k,,",,1 d,e~ "''la ·n",nJx>,. of clll'''' ~,,,ils. of 2400 k~ lsi,·.1 pcr (·.. bie ",etc,..
(d) The nbo,·e me"surements are gl"Cat\·t· thn" ,\ eapln'·Nl dl"I)', 0\\'11I'1" alld, .,
eath undel' ch" Wllln",,,d of " \I ",.'·ant otli('f'r (un· c, . 'I'IS JIll lI"know"
5 tfll".I"ted "' .\ B"lIctin 420 h th' '
Cl('rlainCr exi.t8). ,\hloough we h",'e l>een able 0''''S. ;0,.19.Jul.\' 1:113: . Hs 'Sclltr}'
co make distinction Ill'h\"l~n che .cor"ge pl"Cl('s (4) Smoke filtering ct'l'"citr-99.9~( (99.:I%)
·'11 ;s import"nl 10 I"ke I'sW t;
forl,TflS .hdls and the .Iot..,hou;;oe fo,· geneml "ui"l wheu 1l"C<1 fol' SOUle 1""l!th of time. the ~h('mical . . 110)" ,<lCat,,,,
'
f
bombs. the del ails are >till not evid"nl. lJecallsc gradut,ll.\' loses its clr''l"ti,·""ess. ).;<11''1,1i"ulllbcl1! ,leu! hod.\' 0 d("WnlJ', trnmcdiaf('lI'. ill'· C!'I''gate Hurl
in purcnthesis ,.efe,· to pedOl"llH,"~e of 0111· Ar'lly Ir.\· 10 co1Ject oe'ullentllrr muteria!."
of proper Cllllloull"I,"P. aud adeq,,,"OJ seerecy. The
gns n",sk (Type :19)." d. Hith A!"IlIY lnlelligelll'e &,·,·ice u. , '
rel"tiollS of the "mmunil ion storehou;;oe to ~,.tai" , , , '''''~'11 Rttons
nir fields in -'[on'_,l", is i'l\licft1e.:1 in Che sk,·tchM of;l J),..-:c,,1....,1· J 41, tl1l1l~latcd ill "SOPAC '
, "10 ,',. ' . >;Croftl
on sep",·"te ~heet ~·I"ot.t,·a,,"luH~II. .\s t" the II. INTELLIGENCE DERIVED FROM iX/-lS, ,Iern 'k ~,C"11 !l'n t "'''C 'n~ll""etio!l,,:
methods b~' which I;""s \\01,ld be bid and whith CAPTURED DOCUMENTS ··If eodl,llxl<lks "lid. (jlh"r illll."""" (OCllOlC"t."
,
methQ<1 would lit' the m051 S"ililble. the lir.1. p,,,f- 1. The illll>o,·tn"ee aitt,,·he.:1 10 the seizuI"e M .re e"plU,'cd ~,. !;j',y.ed,. thcy will be ttPOrted
erenee would lJe by sl"'ayiug il f.-om "irph"'es, .\ Ilietl docu"wnts b.'· tlw Japl"w.<e is ,,,·i,ll·need by Ihroll~h (he qu,ckcs! n'·aolabl(l means HlId will he
Ihe second by tiring it f,""on g"ns (;;o,,,.,:.-e;,; "groo). 0,,· ,,·fC,.encel set fo,.th below: .ctil"~ly e.~pIOJ(ed ,,",thout los.~ of tillle."
.\s 10 the til"e when gas m,,~' be most elrecli,·ely a. "bt, Oi,·is)OIl inlelli~ence ph.ns, as t,."tlsl"ted ~. 1.!lsct"llClions i" Ihe 41s1 I"fantr~' H"16me"t
used, it is e:"pl"ined thai "I da.,·h"·,,k <lr on dnrk ill ATIS B"lletin -112. st"te th"t: lulell,~etlee I~el'{)n or 17 .\ug",L 11).12. '[uOlc<l i
nights it wo"ld be lll«;t suitable. This is lJec"ll;;C "In ,... ferenee co the "''Cl,,,,,,l,,ci,,,, of "b"ndO''''d ATIS C"'Tent Tn",~llJt ions 24, state: "
there wOllhl he no "'ind ""d Ihere would be a ellcl1lY dMd nlld arli~I,'" immediately "fin ,--"Olll- "[n the c<l,,''i(' of opentlions Cllptlll"f'd mHIlS
ch""I,"I\ in le"'I)('I"at "re (SOlll"Ceil agr~). h"l. the,... II,.,; nrtidl'S 0" "1>"nd",,e.:l "lwm.\" de"d shollid 00 used "nd one ooPJ· f<lrwunled 10 Il'gi-
'·C. The dlllr"etHistics of the U. S. ,,,"my ga" ,,,,d the.,· ",.e 10 1>11 """"d,et! i",medi"tcl)' after m... nlal hdq:'
m,uk: As y..t we load not (·al't"'"ClI a gIla bI,ttle, and the Ihill,!!S tloe.\' posscs,,;, pa'1ic"lal"1.'" 2. 11I"'Il'ati"us of the ly[1C of doo;'''lllents which
mask of thO! C. S .•\t-m~'. ,\g ic is a ,·"I"a1)le pi....e doc""'ents, diaries. :on'! m"l'S which h't\·(l vet')· f~1I imo Jllp"nesc hunds a''e set fOl'th below·
of equipmenc. the techni~al labo,.~cories of 6th gr...at \"ldue.,,,X! lu lw c<>ll,~cted. . H. A eajllll,..,d ,,1st I)i"i"ioll Admini.'tl"lltil"e·Sc<;.
Army have ~n inw,tigating it in 1"'eCise delails. "Althongh "II \lnits ha'·e al'·end.v l"()tl~idered Ihe no" con,bai. l'epor1. Il'lllls]"ted in ATIS n"lIet;n
The main ~h"raeteristics of the ga" mask a,·(\ "S wUl'(;tio" of Ihis t,,"ofitnhle material, ill g~"el'.1 3:10. eonl" ins tll is ent '·1' :
follows: lowcr units hnl"c not )""l ,!!i\"en it, Ihei,· full con· ''!lolld mill'S of Sal",,,,,,,,, ,,,·ea C"l'llU"C<1 hom
(I) Weighl sideration. Onl.\' "ha",loHc<l w""pons and p ....l\"i. All,,·,; IG .1"ly 1942 al Wclls. AUaehe<.l,kete],eo
~]Oll~ JIl'c beillg colleded. "Old tl", col1<><:liOll or thf .'e topic,; of cuptJ"'('d "l"ll>'. T,.,.",i". '"'IJe{"iijll~'
c"<m,,"<:lC "'a.k . (I.C'OO ~,.,."'"' ~J.IJ ~r"",._
•••"" plee.. :;00 P""'''' llI""t, ,·,I"ahl" ]"telli"....·""" maCet·ial is hei,,!! ,,,dl)' road cund il io", ,,"e '" i'''·'1 ely ,h, ',,"II, >OJ "t iIiu. th""C
eonn""tl,,~ t,,[oo :r.!(j ~"''''". ueglected. Hij,!h !",u,kin!! OIliCI""!; will [la)' allcn· mall;; fvr u'--"<;u!'lll iou "r I'o,il iV1l. dbpositi,." "r "",.
c."'nl"e' ~ t.{llt) grO",. (I«-"rurko: ,h~ tion 10 Ihis poi"t, alld. if pm,.. i1>I,,, it ma)' he "1'Cl'S. IlOi;~, dispo~iti"" of jllltl"ois. "nd 10 jll"l',·e"t intil.
\\·,~~h, .",1 "8".... are Jr!",<tl). '<1"·)' 10 deta iI o"e SC<'I ion <)f a l"CS<',·ve unil 1o collecl
Carrl·'n~ lol~~ ,!OO ~n, .... tnotlOn of ""'mn·."
A _ r l..... . ~_~_ all ""''''''.
such malco·i,,1. h. The di,,,'.\'· of Toyos"ku Ylllllallloto. d"led 8
·'~"ptlll·e.:1 ordn'"'l1' ""d '''Mcdtll, except thll Oelobel'-l No'·emk,· l:l~2 nlld o.,-,,,~I,,'e<1 in.\ TIS 1/1. INTELLIGENCE DERIVED FROM
(2) BreathingnlSistanccs h"'·ll'g to be Hsed in""edillr.:11' hI' f,'ollt line ""il;' BuHeti" 300, held this dippi,,'" NATIVES
(a) lnhslillg nt 3 f""l pe,' min"tO!, ,,-'Si~IHlIce m"SI llcco ...ling to rcgllllltio,;s L.e sellt back, "nd "N
_. eli'S "bouI ha,·ing piekNl up '" A",I,.ali"n e'·aClI-
I. Ja[lane-e ltool'" "c.... eouti"',t<1 "'lIh ~rd
eqlli,:lIlellt 10 10 mill. of water (1m",.). Bv de- "Itho"gh it m"J' llol be InlS"ihle "t the ti,;," 1i01l1f ol'on pi"" "t ['a"iellg a"d usi"£: it H' pllr:s"e rhe co the use (If n.liws o~ -<!el'f'l ~I!. in a 1.llerof
creason!! the size of the air pas..""/,'e. '·011 inc·'....'" lHea"l11"C.s rOl" its p'·l'lieI·,'"li"tl ,"., 10 I", plnnn",l. en~!lly."
the resi.lancc. . .- i"~t"...ti(ll\S fro'" Cop<:.lb_,himow 10 ~ ...... o Gar-
so that, ,t llllly be put to inultcdi"tc ntlll complf!f J c. The (iist, Di,·isiotl itlldlil-'l"K'e ,...porl (If 27 rison Cnit con.""o",.!er funoo in 0 file of lIL..:Jli,,>o!o
(~) Exh"linu at 3 fl'et per minute, "f>Si,tance U><l hy che CI,pt"ring Hnit in Ihe ful"l"6. ':~.\" l(l,l~. tmllsl"tcd ill ATIS B"lletin 4~I,sn.'"s: Unil llO-J>"l'8 d~t",1 1 .\l'ril-:.':l ,IuDI' 11l4~ .•-\"
equlI·nlellt. to Gnu". of water (3 """.). Th(l'"e,,_ ~Thc sending bl'ck of ellptnretl lelte'~, dOCtl- Acco'·diu" lu" cupl",,,d sketch the mo,·cmelIIS •."'rIle!. quutf'od ill .\TIS Cu......m 1',..,,,,101'01" $!I.
s" ....ment IS !!r""ler th"n that of ollr A,.",,· in all "'eilts, and ""'llS will be de"h \\"';tlo ill Ihc Sl'ltlf of el'cn,y pl;nes '"'\ ll~ [shown on) Ihe nUnched
fono"',:
ea<oel!, . llllllluer." ~lt,t .. IT:\" sketch shows ~o"'o;e (If 3-25 fmlll _J'ropag:",dilll' Il~ lllll;''''' o","nd Il'L-o,) al,d t_·
(3) Duration of elfecti'·eness b. ,\n op"l1ltiollnl onle!" of the South SeaS l)f· il"rc.lby to Buna, L"c. :\["'1.,h.,\ Bu"". SloianulUll, , ,,_ .di~ilito- of I~ "01""" o"d of the
('I'rla'" n· ." _ "
(a) 24 ~i"ull'!l (25 min"tl'S) with a pho"sctle tu"hed
.• Fo' "Ce."
d" c, I 0 August [1).12, as q"ole< , ,'" . v'-"sh.\'. 3,,,,,, antl Hab"ul):· e"tllll' an.>l",d n,l>(> a,1d Kill. 1..1....' pbll " 10
coneenttl\tlOll of 20.,~ kl! [>ieJ p"'r cuhic meier. A 1IS CUl"l-e"t 'l'I'"n~lul iOIl~ 23. has Ihe rojloll"i"ll d. The 8t h A '-e" A,·",," Siaff Secl iOll intellib'Cnce " _,,,""nd. omon; c"" I,,""'"I'!< of Ilusc> a,,,1
~b) 25 mil.luICS wich prllssie sas toncenlration ,"Cm~"ks on di~po~al of e"pll"·cd lllntC,.inl: 867:: t fo,· t.he fil'St 1'~Il:1 of. MU.I· l!U3. qr~ol('d in 'I'rea' ll'v ~...
• Ul '·.fieont from Ch._tlllldpOllll
. . .. ,
K . 1l,Id tn· to a;('l'rlam I,," """'.' ~ ..,'" n,t>'. .
of [«unt)
It

of 2-100 kg [SIC] perculnc meIer. "Fnelll\"

, '
. pr'soner.. u"d eUCltl)' dcad ShOll ,U ' . '"'1:\0 St·,·ltd 0[82:1, ,ten' 7,>3, ,t"te; that. . IS ,·ery .'gm
llJ"rungcd in ol'dc!", lind cllptuJ'<.'d maled,,1 thaI j; he dinries, etc., ab"ndoncd lor cn('lIlY sold'er.!
RESTRICTED
82
 , [NTEL Exhibil A
JAP INTEL hhibil " ftP
RESTRICfED
..Chopler III
if Ihe t'<)udilioll of Ihe enen,,- al Kui in the soulh 2. Natives Used (IS Se~ret Agents S'UI1~ of ollker eomrn"11lling diyu.io n . "lIr a'~ Ufll f .
cnn lK- a;.e;>,·tained by m.iug lilc ulIli,·,·, of !iui "nd a. The foll<lwilll1 i,; :I l.... p<1l't of the KumRIflt
ball h" showing Ihe el1lplo)·rn,'nl vf lint iVI'!! bJ Ihe
"mbe "" or cllern~·fo!"t'\'s. Th" 6lh D' '''I~ unIt
').•.\lIs t r:tliun Anlly (regimen) ,11"rSl on of
u>. Wilh die ~ ""1_... U~
lIlriCl IlICtiu eucpl <lf1 of "flIl'ial_tt. 'OWIttl
l
I1m;o) nl lin "1'I)Ql"tulle tilll<'.
~Spl"e,«l Ihe following I'ropa~\lnd" items tlwr· Jtll'anei!e Il, ".;oul5, "I'il~. IIn<lllt~l'i.'t IIl,>'eI1IS, laken tn,
.~ <} 2 to., I6-J(; meu, under 00
un nown) 2ro
• ,. discovered b,.rtfl ~ ~re that '-Ir hl.. __and lib
fmOl Il booklet entille<1 "I)cllliJed HCI)Qrl R"gllrd. lJ'''' ., mllland of Lt ~ It • 'plta .-.. an IllIt
oughl),!
·')[ililn,·." di<cil,line mu~t t'>'l><.~i,tlh' lK- rigid to
maintain lhe honor of the Iml'\"1"11Il '\I·m."_
ing the Kunlilsa Bnllle," ,\;,tt,,1 18--24 &l'teml><::r
IlJ.13 and written br WlllTlIlll Ollicel· lllllllldn, ~II'
Rluilldl.
"Choptc.-IV
5unu11al".1' of clich period of 6,hlin
.

)
;'" r· aJ>/l<'1Irl; thll tntnI,
lrJ .•, thi~klJ di..trib.-::'70fJfan;z.lin!aI
~r ~ thl'tic .rt ,mnll'<:lia; ~ -ben '...., lOll.
"I)Q n01 in~uh rhe "ati,.,~". D"t"dllnenl. A Sllmnll11·~· fmlll ATIS <...'Ul"I'elil • d .). J!.lleteeoo
~ enem)· orj/lniuliQlb< • Y I'l'plaetrd by I.t.
-.th""
"n use
,. "nu t 1C (Ilfliculties
. f))
he,,,oIIls of t.... lIi.nllrtt. Rah..~ Jl'lOlliOl\i ()11 llllt
TI"UI",llllion_ 110 is repr~,duced hcre: 0 Ie lerrai
"Re'lui"iliouiu/! of m"leri"l~ will 1)(l under the r)ton Ill'l"l\'rllg" at the ,"rUage of •,,",. arll[lUlleJI_ ) •.
ord,>r of Ihe ('()mmlllHle,·. "Ch<lpl~r I Wltchiu,lhe",.'). _ ng... .od.re .1.....
.. ( I) ~lIerll~' "itulltiol1: The followiug irlfol1na.
,!lese contacled .
2
f
1l1l11Ve!l who 1Ia'·6 ,.• - b· P
Ol,m mId"" '" In._llhl~_ IV
"BI"('IIk down Ihe de<~il'illg propaganda "nd hutSOr cal'l".1'll1g K IImg.ga reports 011 the 1l1O'"Cmfm~ "I _fib., J1w.Yma1<e
I ion co,,<:el"11i,,1,( Ihe en,,-llIy sil"atioll ""as obtained . or, Al1lcricau troo)- '~III
0111"•• "d Ilw •.eall"'t f. lhelr ·J~.nd
1".....pa:,.""16 11I11",,·ialism. ."d •the f ollO\l"lng_ 'Ilformnlion W'o 0 b,·
hLo\"(~ and prolect Ihe "'Ifortunate IInl i,-C!:!.
br r~e~>I1l1aiS::;Ilncelind nllt·i,·e secret lIg"-1lts between
. fll"tl aoout II ,\ medea" sol·li~.,
"1 here
alllet·
all d;~
)
tillUIU}' ke<1p "tr;et ... :';U!Jfl>. nle~_y 001I.
~.\h'·lIYs fulfill a prOllli:1e.
8-17 Se.ptelllbel·I(l~3: u~ a~ut alld bll\"e obscn.• lio GrOllr l'Urpn.;e .uO<b,
The ellc",y hilS cOllstl·lld,,-d neW hllr lI1"-Uli,; in tit! 20111,trYcs. llelWI'eH sunse.t lind dawn IWo"
•. ~. f .
.• Rl~rr· ialerYIIs. I, ~'" on.U lra<ks.t ....,It.blp
'·Strict warning lIlt"i"", clIl·cl,,,,--neSi!.
"Ascertniniul! of enemy conditions (illcludiug" 1.li5mal"Ck rllnge at. K1IIngaJ,.~' (Ilhon\. 20 km_ SW. ('flns all<I II nUnl<",r' 0 natiye.~ m.,·,.) .
1111I a stnCl
.
Illurol for Ilbout 200 meters IlJong >I" ," nd.Wlltl ).) _"n>e.,·.re ....eJ1 eqllijJpttl .. ilh "e.
of Alemble). Th"-rl\ IlI'e nbont 1I white meu nnd . Iln,Ottl(,.ion did n<Jl pUI ",Ibuli.... jJOIl... bUI ...1
their propaganda).
"wm 20 nati,-cs. goes. from the ~·ll1uge of Kumg"ga to Chimhll. "Chopin- I' !,~le.lI re-I;;{&/lo"('.
··When dispal,·hillg II·oollS.there willlJc 'Ill ofli·
eer or a n.mrommis;;ioue<:1 "Ilie....r for le"dcr. Ah')IIt
~~'lu;pmellt "1""I"ied: O:"ll ~,·i1""Ie:><l Imnsmill;ng Durmg the d,,)'tl1lH~ . the Amerie"n, ,.k, .))
a "'II (U"
\fSituali01I .Iter II... bal')'·. EIlttny ..,lllal1_ .
1·1,,1'0 ""1, tlll""-6 lIulomatlc 1·llk"! IIud n,,'''y rifles. uap, . The Alllenc,ms I""'e:l lurlllber of hut.;; 0;'
oue seclion (including I lighl ma<:hill\" gun lind 1 : ler ()(Jr .urpri.c 1I1.d< llit .oeQ'~ ftoo 10 tbe
They aI'll engllg"d in espio"ng" "gllius\. the Jar' th~ lu).!h ground .whel'\' lhc~' h"'·e set up a radia,
hea\·~· g~nade dischal·I.'Cr) will be senl out 10 )unl:!l~. Je.YullI tl... ir Iitlon/..'ill"". I~ ll! ht>Jie,·oo
ane-<e ,\ rm~·. TI>eI"\' III·C 9 A mer>call soldiers thel'C. and less Iha" tIoAtlh~en"'I1\·;'II"diQ,jalllltdi_· f c.
Ihe norlh ne"r Bus<> to 1>'COIl1ll>iler cnemy silulltion. "'" ". . .~,IOfl" 1,... lr
The nali,'cs in the al·ell ha,'e been informed thai W meters!o the NE., nllti'-e soldiers liyc in allum.
aud als<:> 10 il",pe"l Ihe acl;,·ities of th~ ;I"ti,·cs (m· ., lit IImbu. Onrs;lu.lio>n-.\rriroo.\lt'mble
"llhough llennbena hlld lempol·llril.\· fllilen to tb! ber of nut"'e hUls. .4 Seplember ..hlle J>ur.!<li~ thr enrm,. <!Had!.
leasl ont<." 6'·e"'· 10 da..,,;. At I;nl<'_ Ihe nUII\lJ(>I· of
JIl[lallcsc '\l"Ioy. it hilS already beerl I"etak,,-n.nnd "To.th" nor1h th~l·e is a belt of forl'St and a n"'I,t COmmand!r look eho~"f "o.cuali~ I'OW.
Rl"" lind nurnher of iU~llCClions will ill<:rea5"- 01·
nil." lIati,-cs ,1'1'0 coop"rated with t.he Japllne!!l! prec'prtoll.< slope. To the east thel"\' is a SI~\l nnrl captured equipmem. C.IlMlbe <illal-"'thiofs
decrease).
A I'lny w01lld be kiHed. [nformal ion was I"eeei,·ed grass)' slop" for more than 200 centimeters. and 10 togeth~r .1Il1 eam.d out pro~.. ndJ. ..orlI.. Or-
·'''·hen Ihe nali,·f'!! and lroo[>!! al.... going to·
!..'"ther. lessen Ihe nlllliber of Ihe lroop,; Rlld inlil- hom a nllliwl spy thlll a large HUllIbel· of el1elllY Ih~ Sl>lI~ltwest it 1Je.1t of high forest grollnd. dered Ih.l tl",}' "'1"'1'\ .nemy hideout.;.
Intte ~~IIJ wilh aoout IWO Or Ih,....., soldiers ,l11d tl·ooll$ ad""ncw to Kumgllgn in Ihe Bismard Aclmg uI)Q1l this infOl'lIu,tion the commander ~[au~", for futul"!' I"!'f~ <tlIIIIIII.l'T of

One Or IWO llllt;,-es, Bange. of l.he H~'IIIl'J" )lilit"I·.'· Police ~tachrnent or. points to be oo,..l'TN in fotul"!' "fIl'I"&tiolal ~f •
""'hen onl)" ,,"tin'S I".... goillg. II,., them IlS ;;e. "(2) Situatioll of our fOl"(.~s: all 9 Scplclllber,~ ~1l1.~e<:1 )l1S unit in l.... lldiHess for aClion. and issued ~iJllllor ualure. The~nem\·.nd Ibrir full.....

eret agen\». "ali\"\' !;COllis were dispatched to establish the aa· l~rs rnstrllctions. AI ‫סס‬OO. with Ihe headman of '·Clloplrr 1"1 •
"Depending on Ihe objecti,",·. the "boY<; ,,·ill be Ihentidly of " l"el'()l't I"(''':''ei'·ed hum" nati,.e ijl.f , llllrilpu Vil!'l).!'1 and two nat ins aeling as gllid~. Oth.r nuu.rid...a ~han ror.rin; period Is-2~
ukd accordillgJ~·. l~aL" Illl·ge IIl1mber of eHemy Imop;.; "dYallted to the Japanese lefl Anumpu for KUIlI~~gll. A,;; a. Seplflnber"h,,"·ing I'OW.ud r<Jmpmem ('aplured
KUOlgllg" in Ihe llismlll"Ck nllll~e. The Illltill ~1I1t . of th, JlI'e"OllS . . )It .S propag.ndll to Ihe
111" listing ~ .uhHn.ti~ riA"". 3 rille>. I.I~ round. of
""\'1Iel\ ilO'llding troops. it is ne<.....ss'''',· 10 par
heed 10 the following: • palmls, beillg" sIl'·age tn>e \I"d IInskilled in I&n' ~Ia.t'~·es. th" ./;tp>ll1ese ro~nd m"n,' '·ohwleers 10 llIl(j(l1lrie rifle .rnm:lllliioo. ~.n;6 roul)(l, of nfle
J..'1l11geS, lel"l"ified Ihe mountain triLt.'S hetausc each JOlilluthet liS k "''')\'I"tllken bl'the J-I>tulld"• .Mlltlar}'
. aUlmllllilioll.~
"ElleOl~· indieation-----trnck left dler illfihra- 0,.
lion. ,·ill~b"(\ spellk.s a difrerellf, language, I,nd as a resull tathillent. The nlltin':! ;,·"re gh·ell the job of
3. Jnjq,mlJlio. From Olkr Nt>J;nS"I<rr:es
no II1fol"ll1>l1r01l WIlS obtained. The hendu1ll1l 01 ,urrOllndi) ng I m Amel"ltftns . .III the J'l11gles
. ;.;• E. of
• ~Tel"r~ill (producl ion of II milit" r)" sketch) rond. K 'lin,,,.,, ,. ) . . •• 11", J.\I.n~ fI.'-, j.. ... ntrd the ""'I"<alion
A ['UW'.II. howC\·el·, made contact \\"ilh t hree n~lirf" l)' ,,, pl'e ....mllllg them frolll >':>":"l'lng.
rl,-e~, dl~tance--nlollr:llli". plaill--gnll,';;.'" plain. of nllm~rollS ,·mlgl' rbM-fs. in _ <'If'('" rhrough
. lIrnlg the uUlld the nalives slunk off inlo Ih~
Culll\"8le<:l WOIll.,dS-)UlIgle. Conditions of Ihe
bead,.. 1k>l<lenllal al"\'a. Suitable are for bj,·_
ouaekmg.
;r, Asaizil (lIlJolit 15 kill. ,,'W. of KlImgllg;1 in lilt
{Ismal....k Hange) and Ihrough them was able to
lIIake u l'e<:ollnni5ijllIlCe of lhe enem)' sitllnl iOll.pe1
jUngle afl . L·
fire.
.
1'1 '-"'lIlg fl·lglttelle<I0.l' thunder and nA~
.
t..en obt.ined <Ol.... ming 0._
intimiduioll. From t~ men ,nfllltlllllion bas
.Dd 11>0_1> of
.\J1ied p.lrol. . rbe t<juipllltnt <'Irrird bJ· p.trol....
cOIl~rm the l'i.'[>OI"t, givell ~oo,·e. It w~s theref'llt on" \ t dawn nne Au,rr"li"n soldier WIlS laken pri~-
. ~~ at i,."'" ",ndil ion. Do t hc~' hll '·e n 1,,»'1 iIe f'oei.
1
ron>trllClion undert.krn iu dllf.tMll ........nd
f ~r. Afln 1'ClllOying the clipturl'ti CfJlliplilelil
~ng lowards U'.,,,,,I will rhe.'" 1'OO[lC'·nle ,.-jllt liS' decrded 10 mllke II sudden Ilttllek "t, Q500 hours<Jl
t8 SeJ.>tel~lbel' and wipe oui lhe enem), espioa.r tl:~: tit" lUlls which the Allied Sl>ldiers (lC(: lI l,il'<l.
lopographical inf""",.IJOO .- J,oom IQ .be foU"""
nlete a,"(' >;Ollie ,,"tin's takell as hOiStil b' tl . inll •.tlraCl;: from inl.lhl.'""'" ",p<\It;: . -
enem)". I' ~ Ie ol'g<l"'7-at,on. " ,1lts were hUI"I1C(1. "N>rnrit r: .~<1inj! upOll nlll'''' report.- of OClll1'
"Cond;tion o f lIIal"rl"
. )S (uiSlellce--variet)._ "O~apter 1/ -~f Fol' 0. r \SUl'l'rtse
1'
a!lucks to he oompletc~· )
sue· li.,·of. 1..;li.... unil hNdPol h~'.n t;ngh,hmID .Oll
....., III In _- ,
Ol~raljllg from 2(1 km.l'OIIth of 11011.00'••• foror
.
zDeals wilh Il'e din"'t ie. h'I)Qgn,p\;;c, 1111<1 !>oI"'- ". . "IPlllg out the.... ell~m\· eSlllGna/..'e or·
qu"ntitJ)."
latloll r"Clol'S ,t/Teeling the fightingJ.
~qlU~llliollo
c, we lllUst keep ,ecl"C1 Ihe 0 J)Pct,,·~ Gf
. ) . .
RESTRICTED
RESTRIcr:ED
 INTEL EIhibil A
RESTRlCfED 1", ,~~u with tIll! in.
C" I" I All \\"H~ .kil1('<lllUd
MIl ...n pa".,.. . wi.th the incruu of
\\"/IS !lO!IlL Olll and the ,-.nl,:" 'Ill ..-- . hf shIps lhft~ slupll that tnl1led np by
' CIlI'l" ......1", I ,~
1'"1 . Bulklm ].V'" . re••e v
his dOCUlIlents 'lin ~ , llO d up in LlA.\IS.
"Cnpl Yaillllls tilt' hc,,,\...,hicf of the foO ,'I l>;' I '['Ile following i~ nn eX>l~l>ple I,r the tUr . BAYS. We infl'rred
11 ~I'ill'" 10]10- . we klWW pre"l'
gll'-c his• oath of, COOl'l'l"llll()1l
.'
III j:H I ~'I' ".P u';l b~' rhe Jllpan~ rn {Ieducmg fl~hll"t' AUi~' 1'1")'. ~f 1he :ls5elllb I"mg (hal Ibe Marianu Inti
..
graphIcal .
lIlforn'''t'QIl ,UIlI malerlA '1<. "" I "~' ,I .
h,nllNIS. 1.>,' nnnl}'sl"
" or
. ('QUlUlulllcnt,oll, "IIIItt. I ..
Dll:i.' , Philippines lI'e~ de.
. . " ,t"le {'"I uf .;hips lIt IheS\} hnses.
work"", for 5"10 eollo!r,W1IOII 11111 • I ",e C(' t ions. It, de>l'l"lbed 1Il II repIH"t 011 ,1.. ......
30
I'IO)'melll ftl'tall. for a
P . ',"elli,.... noo prcpn,-ed for Ussns ;~
<
.. . orlich «,U , subsequent Operalion.
enem), "ppe""" lO he ron,truC'llllg "'I HI : I Arnn e . II' UJ ....
of F,.1111~lcrr\!
. Runge. apl'",XllllH . ,II'
c. 30 kill.
, 5O"t ] • e "Iri"ne ..,hid of IIlte 1genee of the J a....
"ell.' • . ''''Ilettt /:"J:/I/anl1liOl'; B,,~ on the assembly of r;hips I l
of \\"alLtolu Hlld FHllg'"\'r" [AT IS Bullellll 831 : .\rllll' Ge"N'al HeadqUlll'lel':'l: .dl"4nce ("Clltl"a,! Pll~lfic I~ases the transpor( Situa.
f nnd e<jtl1Il"
~CH]Jll1l"{'(1 nall"c rt"'clll~ llAllll'> u . .,.\i,lel·inls for EstiUlllti,~g Ameri clIn ~
• <'
lion, lIud the s,lual1o" w,th ~gard to deployment
" " I '........llllH'§>Il
.• \C<l Ilnll'lll who,.
menl ""-'Tlelll}\' AIl'N tio!1ll1 Pinus, nus,..d. on .Sp<:<:"t1 I)lltll 1'1"()I'idfll II, of forces. we ":He ~,hle to esl"nale the lime, llOOpe
It'll )I"re-l,,\ i..
F~I.>r1mr;o· 19-13 fM Wl:\~nk .\ ,..A .\ lUl'ti('ll n Comrnlllll('llt ron~. and gene"111 <!1N;Ctlon of a new opellIti on 2 to 3
[ATIS ~;Il~n\\' I'liblicllrion l~!)l· I "SUlllI/lUr.ll: ,,·('@ksinnd,.,H":......
"We ~\l1'""";,,ledthe <'Ilier of W"btl" Hud (earue,
\r,' monitored Americall ship :ll~d air unit ~ (3) Truk Fo/'Ce Ar/hify
of the e"cnll' situatioll. lie informed us thntlhe
" Cou1ll1unicntions, lllntJe a SrMclllatl", statislieal ill-
~n~nll' "'as ~h'l'pin" l\llh~ I,euflt( I~l"\""11 ... Ru<h
l .g. .- 111"0: OKlS,IWA:
,·e;;li".ti"u and ,wrdy;;is of these cornmunic.t'-
illg aiou/:! on a ",':'mnin rondo we p~l~dto the We infern'<1 plllns for \\'e in f"rl'('d Jllan_ for
It;>"t ,·illa~. We I'~l at lhe junction o.f the data~nud ooml',ued it wilh past exnmple!<. \"- lhe ~ginnillg of II ncw beginnillg 11 new oper•.
we mude any estimnte, we could tUl'll OUt-a ge!ltlll
Wni~hn Hi"er ll'.....~u111nl.>l)· We:;a. ]{i'·erl. "e~ro Ojltrstioll Sllbsequent to tion fr"()lll raid. ClIrriO!'lI
to BURCk f''Onl the ,·iIlab'e /la"k. Upon ~ntenllg (lue cou"erning the !'Cope lind inception of a ne. lhe nlids on the JI'p:" OUI oontinuou_l ... upon
Ihe ,·ilIage, W~ ;;enrd,,:-<I eal·h hou>e. Th.l'" WAS n,) ,\JllP"k811 opel'utiou <lbou~ I lnomh before. ~ 110':'ll! Homel"nu lind by Okinllwa and the home.
~ig" of lb~ 'Ul"lUy eJlCl"pl for a wi~ll"~ $('.1, a gen. ronC{'rlling lhe fl"oj,octed operutiOllS area sholl t:l!lk forres on thl! 91h lrmd during Ihe e.rl,\'
~l1ltor, and "arions equipment. 1 Olllght S aUack I to !? weeks ill lHh-nnce. Spedficlllly this "II .1Il1 10th of Febnmr)·. nud middle part, or
fi"alh' ended in failure. Relllc1antJ)", we ale our raelical (SII'ategicIII) intdlig(>nce dfeNh'e 19aj~ )lnrch. };;rplaNJiiD~: Ir "'IHU;I,...,.,. f.... ..-::baiJ'l'l'aft
b"",kf:bt. After bJ"llakfasl. lllan}' nnti,'\'S from ,\mericnu open'tiolls. to IJoorumf. rtr}' lCtirt I t" 2 ..-~ bef,,,. • _
E;cpll1l1aii{»l; On rhe I.>asis of our ~xl>erience of 0lle..ti(lll. thotlgb, of ('OUf'oe.!hi._ ~aritd ..-ilh thf.
WHisha came 10 infOl~l1 us lhat aU ,\meric.n sol. (I) RAMS (R''/>(ldClliJlilly Allied .lferrM.i
tlte fact that Tusk Forces OOcllme acti,.e in the prel· .\nn~· .1It! S.ry .ilT..ft "lI11<IllN ia U - _
,lier was sleeping in a hll~ beyuud the hill. With SItiP1):
" dct~rminatiOl' nut 10 lei hillll">llll'e this time, we Jwo (I!) Feb.): OI{l:.",I"',1 (1 Aprill:
ude 10 n new operation, we were able to take il (i) CA",.gr' i~ n·, ,tA" r... '........
a.h·au,"('(lt"w"n:I~ the hill~ [A TIS Cnmmt Tmns· 'slhesign thllt lin operll1 iOn WIlS impending and to ""0: OJ;L"'~"-~:
The "muber of ~hips A ftCI' lite laller ran figtlre OUi the operational nZ'en from the urea of
I"tion,s 9:\]. Weatber broadra..<t.i Wt.thtr hroad.... ol.
"f Fl'UI'U"I'\' tlr. no"
lltnt tnrlled HI' duil.l· ill. .cti.·itl'.
"Altitude"f tlle tl.tin''' I" Ar;,o·.\ml'a. Are". of Mari.n., base .ir of ),I I'hi~
1111".'· liN' ,,"~ll di~I>tH'<;1 to,,"a "Is the J:lPRUeole Aud er':l~ed con~[>iclloUsl,l' bel' of ~hip~ lnnling" (4) llJCalic1I 01 COlllmarulera llnilsonhroJima.Olti· il'l"""'" ht. 1I" DlUt...
."'coopel'lll;'·e. This i,e"Ill'ei.H)·lru~of the chid between the eud of Jan.· inCl-eIISl~1 steadil.". If! "....... lod lhe J •....- e-p""i.lly B--~ .....
1"'0: OKJSAWA;
of Sekofro \·illa!.",. who. knowing lha~ thenl had liar)' and the first of inferred lhat a n.... o\" homeland increa;ed Okin • ..- • •nd Ibt
Ahnut the 1st part of A fler the latter :,lrt
recently been an Ameri("lln officerpalrol in the area, February le8\"ing us to e'·at.iou in theel',\ '0' nzarktdl)' .ftH Jan· HOllltlnd lu<rea ...d
Ja,lUUI' tho Submllrine of Febn"l')' lhe mo'l'-
immediatl"ly rellOl'ted this to the JloJiandia line of infet posit.iI·e pInus for I>f!iug iuiliRled, Rlhlf. COlllnl~nders or the l'll- meut of Base Air [nil lI.ry. JIlUbd1y,
communiclItion headquaI1~r.l, allli thus "Uowed thebeginningofarno,·e. quen~ to tlte IwoJIJIl tifieand Ximilz"s He1ld. Commanders into Phil. f:.';rplaMlitM: We "'"'" .blf.. by. ;UI ,..J ....
thill hendquan~l"!Ilo t.ke ap]lropriate steps. menl. Opemtion. ,\uarters moved 10 ippine lind .\fari.na. Ih',is Qf ,,"ther _ullicaJ"'" 10 dltrrault
-Dbp..... ilio" of rlllti,'~ ill Aitalle.J{o!landia E"'ph'llfllioJt: When we studi,'<1 the lllllllbtrtl Guam. buses becallle mot(' ."d th~ir f<)CaJ IlOinl.Dti t"u1,Jtd,,~of ... '¥... ~
Area: In gell~ .... lthe)· are "'~11 disposed lowanllhe
11111lerial .\on,·. This is esp~ciall.l' !ru~ of Ihost
" I'llt~
a.h"lpS turning up ill each 10.d".I' JICI')(>( ~ mOltl common. positi,~I...
(SI C4.."9<"";" C_--'-'-'
. 0,,-_
tleall)· llrlll comprll'('(1 all)" increase <It II EflIprWIIJtio1l: The displaooment of Comlllallder.;
li .. illjt in th'" ~gioll of a na"al oon;;tl'Uctio n section o..,H"'.:
stalion (~".lie"g. Taka'n"l. UJao) who hne been
Wilh pl'f!"ious "'''Hplin''s we Wl'l'e ahle to l'itI fo rw !I..l'd aecompanietl plllns for the inC('pti01.' of a h..o: f In lilt fif'( ~n of
male the time Rnd scop; ~f (l projeCled AJrttritl' ~e"",operatioll nnd, llcconling 10 past expeneuee. 10 the {i,.;;e ~II nil lllrm._"rlbt,J,,1'
coupe....tl\·e In such mMtel'8lli1 billetintr. supplies. .... tM
lind tMl~~I>O~. lU>.:entl! more. than Italf the nar il'e
ope"alion aOom I month in :Hh·llllce. mel'Hably OCCUl'rcd sa"er,,1 dara to 1 month before J .nlll .' f _., ha._ aad .ir 1I1l'l. ran,.
(\R -ll!"-'
(2) AR1cmblingl)I RMfllOlits: l!le 0llen;tion. of urerl I a,... ,. "wo, ....neod.
"ollnlall"~l In the Le'Olell/r. PaUll, Yakllllllll, Ind ......re lot.lI}' cha..,.,J III
VlIIU Retrl"nl '.-ere ~nga~'t!\l in l:'Illl5tl11etion k 11"0: OKl:.",'''''': JliI'" (to) lJ(MD 1111/1 Air Ullil COllditio'"
the ('ent",II'acifit'.\ rtI
durill/r the lmildillj! of Ihe Inny airfieJd 2"'k~; , The uUlllber of ships The nHl"her 01,' tit 1""0:
1 OKl""""''':
me'el'1l k>uth of Pro Vill.b'll~ [.\TlS n 11 .0' courll~d at Advance counted III L... .'1e.~ ,The il\e~n.se in b:l8\l F,"()m the latter I~rl only. "'''1 ;n;l._ ...hI!lI
1258]. u etln f:.'.rpl.""''-: 11ltn' Il'l'~.. ~M~ clearly
ba8El:l in thl! !\IUl"inlln~ .\lnrinnaSlI\\(l).11 .'~ IlrstrenJ,i:th in the !\Iari· of FehnZlIr)' Oil, the ,.n· 1M Chlll~ 10 rommuo ....
.nas Letw,~n the end of Cl'e~;;e in air ,Irength m
RESnucrro alld Mal'shllll s incl'e:uie<l increo,ed pan P
S7
,""""'"
 INTEL Exhibit A
RESTIUCTED JAP INTEL hhibil It. J'p
\pr .,l •.,lilllatt>(llhilt ~lIlJ_lllel1tl\'
,Ih••••
' aI .ou Id
~howl.'<1 a new, definite phlll for all Ol'('''ll ion, slIch Ezpllmalirm: By lI1\1I1ping Belll'CIt ni"cruft , . .
' . ['\'a""d to () dl\'ISIOn~,
rha"I!'\ll coming ~"CnCIl.II~' ahom Imolllh before, ""nrch $toclor "nilS slillislicallr lind d~I~l'lII;n;lIg IP" 1111" • I
(9) rommullicolion. [Iurullillg lheir foc"l poillts, \\',~ Cl:>II1d detcrmine the direc, (3) Opel'allOltl~ IIrl'l1: AI>l/Ul lhe middle of
lion of II subseo:luenl opel'Llti"n, frt.'QII<'lll1y SIl"erR! -h e;;lilulltl'd II would be Okinawa f h
Iwo: O",,,.,W,': I
~." , ,TOmle
da,'s lO " week before Ihe landiug, dPplOJlllN'1 and '1!;'~~l1lb[,llg or forces, from raid!
The frolluen,,)' of op. As in the CaSOl of the
(En S"b",a,.;"e Acti."i!.>1 "f Il1Sk f"r~,s, ",~ld rl'PIll se"reh aircrllfl and ~lIb.
erat ion a I broadcnSl s I WO Jill'" Ol",,'at;ou, Ihe
"rine adll'I!.,V.
from Ilonollliu nntl the me~ handling of com, T\\'o: 0111/'1,'\\''': o -,Q The followill/; ,"'e ",XlIlllplel; of illfh........
", ~." .. 1011
Admi"altil.'$ decreased 111unieations cenl eri nil' Sulm"'rine adi"ity ,\1. this time, lhe
obt.itll'<:l by ""~lllt",l'ltig A,lll~d broadtllsts. While
mnrkedl,"nf'el'thel'hil, ","QUill! (he Cenlml Pa, lIround Iwo Jilllil w"s scope of sub",arine ItC·
SOllle illfomml"''' IS 011l1l111ed, deductioll. a..... not
iplline OP('I""tiOll and cifie AreR illcl'l1ased Illl1rk'l<1 from the eull of ti"it~, "'liS gradualll' bl!.
illl'sriabl~' COl' red :
comlllunicalionshan, lIlarkedl.\', especially in ~el1lbe,' inlo Jallulu')'" ing concentl'alt'{l in lhe
R, HI'lIdll'~'iLt~1l )el~"" dnted 2 !lll~" presllmabl,.
died in lhe Central I'a· lhe Mllri"nas and [..e)'le After lht) laner pllrl. or seilS olT our homeland,
1914, from 8N:ond LlelllenlllH Fllkllnlll!a, of 2nd
cific Al'ea iner68sed al....as. Janlllll'Y it fell olr. I'llri passu with lhe
l,:l'entl)" .Inn)' lI11ell;I,"'lIcl' SI'{;lioll, 10 CUl'l!I;n .'lIka mizu,
los;; of our dependen.
cies, Though it was
.1 f"ll lIlIllSI"lil'" from ATIS Bulletin 1456 is
Ea:p{...>wtioll: We we..... able to jllllge Ihe al'ell in lil'~n heloll':
which lhe American Am1\' W"S illleres'ed from lhe dillicull to estimate Ihe
.. [ Mil <""TJill~ Oil 111.1' dllil.\' dUlil'S at 211d ArmJ'
Imndlilll! of cO'lllllunic;tions: slll>sequelltl.\' we >I,lllillf]llelli OllOll'alionnl
Jnl.. lIi~'tnee ~t 'Oil. I ha"e lllken o"er the inler.
could estimKle the definite operutional objecti"e, "b j eCl i Ye, suLm"rineg
('<'plioll of ellem.I' O\'eloeas broadCIlSls wilh 5 ci.
(10) AppearollC(' of Sp<!c;al Uilit Colk n"mee had been coneentl'ate<1
in the Okinllll'a al'(':l rilisn ~Illplo."ees, F;nclt night I listen 10 enem\'
(TdepllOlle 0>' KU Cha/lnel.) Ilropsgandn lind ft'lll depressed, •
since lhe first of this
Iwo: 011'''''''',,: yea>.. "1 sentn few letlers to Chinn, b'll I do no!. kOQW
In February tele· Aflerlhelirslparl,of If th~J reached lheir deSl iust iou, II lIppears thlll
graphic handling wilh Mal'Ch, special "nit, cooe f.:zp/(maJion: AoxQl"ding 10 ]l1'Sl example, .u~. 001' 1''II.''SI'01'18 lind heighl.,..s lI!'e beillg SUlik right
~I>ecial IIl1il t'Ode nall1es names lhat, had nOI been >llnrine Ctlllcent,'nliollS OC<:lIlTlld against the land- .",llefl. Shil'Piug has I)f'l'll eomll!etely lllcking;n
be c a 111 e noticeable. llsed aherlhe IwoJima illg poin!. 1 month prior to lhe landing lind aeti," HlIllokwllri r"cI'1111,1', [t is e\'en dangerous for
TI,ere was a g'....at ill' Ol'erlltion came again ity falls off relali"e!y just befOl'1l the ],ltlding, ba'g~s 10 nl"'igllle lit nigh!."
C~llSe in new unit code into frequent use. It "C(mc/u$ione reached: b. Intelligence Hepot'L 12, isslled b~' 81h Are.
Ilames. suggested Ihe beginning IwoJ",,,,: Ann)' ol"'t'atiolls S/;X;lion Oil 15 Feb"uar)' 19-13,
of a definite nell' o>o'·e· Inltl~lnled in ATIS Bullelin 453:
(I) Time of operation: Fl'O'll Consi,]llrlltiOll of
ment. "Act:onlillg to Se<;relat')' of Ws>' Stimson. lhe
points 110 12, especially I to B, it was ,]elenllill~d
f;""praMtwn: We were able 10 delCl'mine the around the end of the 3rd w~k in JlIllURl'\, that Unit..d States FOI'(;e which lleeomplished lhe QC('U'
l..'eneral outline lind scope of "" ope""lion fl'OlII the operalions Il'Quid bl!gin afler lhe middlll of Feb· Pillion of Glmdalellual is the di"ision whieh wa;;
il1e~"seordecrcaseof lise of main unil code ",uues, mal'Y· ie1l'Cte<1 how all tii"isions ill lhe Uniled Slstes
for these materials were 1I.seflll for infening lhe (2) 8oollOl of Opel'lIlion: C()Juparing exumplO!S :\rmJ Slid orgllllized at New CtdedOll;a, ,\cc>Jnl.
beginning of a definite new operalion. Sillc'1llhe Atllt ClImpaign undel' point 1, forces to "'It to lhe abo"e. we Clln estimate lhe exislenre of
(II) Activity of S(!Qulil1f/ Aircraft be "sed estimllled around the first pa,·t of JanuRry 128th Ilegilll cn t belollging to 3.1nl D;,'isioll"~
Iwo: 01111<"""': lit 2 to 3 di"isions, c., 18lh AI'III)' ''ell l' echelon hendllUR'1rl'l illlrlli.
Searel~andrecollnRi$- neconnllissnnce of (3) Operationul Ilrcll: Froll1 I'I,ids of l~sk !l€;nee l.... pOl"[ ;19, 30 Jilll\l"")' lW-t. ll·lIn,lnt .....1 ;Il
Slince of search ail'Crafl Okinawa lind the Home. forct-o;; lind Rcti"it)· of Olll'llel"""h lIircl'IIft "Ild sub· Arrs Bullelin ll70'
unils from ~larilll1as land by search aircraft ma,'illes, eSlimalt'{! Ill'ollnd Ihe 'md of lhe thir,l "Accord; ng to ,\] lIe~\ '1 hl1r's hen,]tlua"lt'rs nl]Jort,
bases of 1\\'0 Jima and 1~,Eed 011 Luzon and Il'eek in Jlllllllll"y 10 be IwoJima. ~~ 111lits lhat [,tn(k'd lit Mr>'klls, Ti;llrubll. an,[
the Hom e I and in. Mari"nas, esl>eciall~' bl' OIlI"','WA: I dor used nl('ket gllllS 1hIlt h"d IOI1~.... r mug" lhlln
erea-.ed, 8-29>'1 led,..... B-Zll". became "er)' ac. ,ea".I'Il>·1 illery Ill"iol' to lheil'llIndin".';,
~.€' ,.,
Thrseguns
(I) Ti'"e of o]lerillion: F"onl points 1 1012, I 11!, 11l01l1ll ed On ships RlIll hollIS and Hcn 011
evnllllissanCll eSI>ecialll' li'·e. The focal point
jll,t before the opera· esl~iallr of MarillllftS
espt",illll," I, ""lilll'l1c~1 in the e'ldy plll'l, of }>'rlJ- .,ldl ng crltfll"lInspot"ls,"
lion suggesled lhe 0& air IIl1it sellrches Sllg'
1'11111')'10 bl!gin "ftel' lilte "'>ll'Ch, ~Idir Intelligence "CpO>'1 lIB, isollll\1 1,,1' 181h Al'lll~'
j.,.;:ti"e, gesl ....l the Okinawa (2) Scope of Operal;un: Estimated ill ell,.])' psrt ) ' ~ICII,]'I'I&"t">"" dU\I'd I() May l[l.l31111<llnIll S ,
of Febrlll"')', from poinl I. lhatfol"Cesllsed initiaD.'· 'le.lul
, '·\'r,S ",ne'ny
'.' '-"
Pu"llellllOll,- '4'·
",
"'....a as lhe objecli'·e.
would be about 3 di,'i~iolls. In the endy p311 of l'he e"e,u)' mild.. '11 Lroa,leltst 0" the Illh a,,,1
RESTRICTED RESTll.lCTED
88
 RESTRICTED JAP INTEL Exhibil A INTEL Exhihil A
JA" .
A~nling 10 lin llllllollll""'''ellt l,~' the N,,,'r De- -telephone f,·otn " Cltileun ",iii!",'''' otlke"-:-':he ll)C<1 "rc I""~'~"~' wen p~:>ns, ammunition, cloth.
I'nronenl it i~ likel." Ih"l the k~ls of :?OO [TN: ,al,,"'go1l
,. ,'"~,
leL"" ,,,,,,,ns of Amer,can llnd . Bntl.h ~tol pnd re'llliM lOlled III"t,tles. (In the "'-1'1'lld
N:>st of ti!,.",~ und<:'ei phe", ble] n\preh" III ~hil'8 ",ul .\ llit'(l fOt'Ces h,,;; ,,,, it~ ohjed I he t'<.>t11./"01l mg of t he "~, 'lUtl'S ,,'
..ruc
(her.> ',...rll ~purnte colo"" I'\'d wh.,
, t --"', It,
w"",hips wil1l>e I" id I OW" ,~ls t he eud of t hi~ 1Il<)ttt h ;"a,' of OUl" fOI'l"s iu Ihlll n''ClI .. There ."I'll ll'pul'Is 1- .n et'·. I h,s [wO\'cs t In HOt only ratiottll were
(. &pleml... r)." tltn, Iltey "'.... imensifyillg tIll"" t>o:'mh'"g '1IlatkH f.:lped.) .If ",~1I
tukl,'~lte rations ... % of the
"CQlI,lilioll of "i,' fo,",,,' in A"b.."t-b'-oudcnsl Oil Timo" hland ali(I at'(l l'rel""''''g 10 make. .'hoJequlltltlly: 1 O,I:IJ r.'u lOllS dropped 3,200x %_
f'"01Il Anwl'itll: Ft'v1ll .\tlluic"n W"st oonst to I"ndillg tltel't!. TI",y n,'~ slt'{,,,,ing" thl! i'''l'ortn'lte ,1> kilo"l'lllll~. I "klllg" off W'.• for darn.''''''
l-lawllii, "ir I ,,"b!>OI·t A nny lX.llul""">1 B-1 •• 1I-26, of Timor hland." 2.l'"''' ., f k· ~",
j{>;.;6. and tlt~ well; ,t 0 .1"11.' Illg muterial at till'.
B-25. 10 f0I111ation~ of mort! thuH 27 plnnes; !lying li",e of <h'Ojlplllg, "P!l,·oxlI.nntelr 1.800 kilegram9.
lxnllS PBY5.\. PB2Y. 2 formations of lHol'(lthan VII. DEDUCTIONS FROM ALLIED AUt "Illl~d Oil the ,'ar~ous flX~1 rlUilmiti es of sup.
G I'lanes. F"om Buwnii II> Fiji. New Cnl.edonia ACTIVITY rl.... rntioll$ l">el" sold'H:
nlH.l.\tl~lllllin, "ir 1t"ttt\~pol·t (br wl'y of AF, AC) 1. A !;I1Ul"'" of JnpHHe;,o} illformnti"" wus their
U-17, 7 fO"II"lIio"~ of 'UOI'll d,,,n 21 planp,S; 11_2;, ,1 IIdl" of Allied IIi"~ tlcth'it}', from which deductions A. In e""" of U:; kilo.c:tllIns per person
1.800+1.5=1,200 l">elYllis
und 3-26. 3 formations of "'0'" ,h"n II plalle.8; n~·. IlS I;' mO"em~nt "Hd slt'ength were 1I1l1de. E",_
in.. boats PllY5.\. PB2Y. 2 fomllllions of mOl'e lln,ples are shown ~low: Il. In c",:.c of 2.0 kiloWn,ns l>er I'et&ln
th~n 6 planes. Fl'Om Fiji to 1\ew C"letlonin. "ir a. From the 51st l)i,·isioH Inelie"J plu" {O!' Lhe I.SOO+2.0=llOO IWI'l;Olls
U'IUl'pO''t by 1l--17.!f.! pltlne~. Within the present L"e·Sa]"",,,,,,, "''t!ll issued 2'2 A pdl 1[l.l3 llnd t ,·alls. C. Iu e"se of 2.5 kilograms per persoll
stren~th of 72n<l8qllmiron [siC) of ~8plunl!:l eM,h, h,ted in ATIS Enemy Public"ti"n 53: 1,800+2.5-720 persons
it is nssnme.lthnt Ihere nn' 2 sqll"dl"Ons I>f 4.euj.!ine "The tllO"cments of '~'Wtn.\" "il"l'la'll$ h""e u cl~ "SIIp!'!ClllCIlfIU'y: Accol'tlinglo the lIat;,·"". there
seaplane units." ,....h,tiousltil' wilh Ih~ enem)"S new I'lllns. Thu! are !'C)e"""t items of jllfol'llllltion such us the fol.
t1wir "PI>e"",nce und comlit ion should he rellO,·t~d lowing:
V. GERMAN INTELLIGENCE ",,,I ",utl~·ze.l daily. Tltis infO"nlllliou should 1>l'
l. An e)<lI'"ple of info"",alion rectli"ed br lhe
,J"I"ln~ fro'" their Axis pHI"lner is seen ill lhe
l'ellOrted a, nil limes 10 th., nllili"tt...l uuthorilies A. The\' lire· estllbli~hjtlg warehouses and
phu'ning" ibe llcellmuJation uf >nodemte 'l"lltl.
[fo,....1'8]. AI Ihe snme (jllle o"er-atl ncti,'itr 'IIld
17th .\no)· intelligeuce N:>pon. of 12 September li.l ies. 1\IImbe,' of soldiers dt"CI'C"ses.

..
mo\"ements should l>e exPl'lliS8ed. A judgment of
1!42. 115 lmnslaled in ATIS Enem~' Pllblirntions lhe e"e",y's oolldil iun may be bused Oil such mate.
28:
"According to Germnn intelli.c:ence lhere Ul'l:1
,·inls." ' ••
.......
,."
b. F''01ll lhe b1s1 Di\"ision ""al' siluation special
10:1 AmeriClIn nil' di,'isiolls in Au~trnlia. These
edilion,dlll\:<117 .),me 1\)43 "nd t"""slated ill ,\ TIS "".'. " H
nre lhe 32ud, 371h. and 42nd "ir di,-isions. l'ur. Ene",y Pul"licllliolls 487:
"0... "
;"".
roO... " ,,
1-11
lherlllore. the 32nd division Ilnd 37th divisions "J<:;;timale of enemy first line slI~lIg1 h iH vicinity ".. ',.t....
........", ,,."
were renlo"ed to some pIllet! in lhe Pacific:'
2.•\ Slatement of the JHpaue"" ..,'"l""lioll of
of \\'lIi[1ali [Gu"daka""l] nnd Missirn j"f~rred
only from goods lllld Illl11""ials dropped b~' enemy
,~,

",
"II.. ."
U I'.. "
,,."
'"
infol'motion from Germnnr wns made b.,' Comdr. x.. t ...." a '·0
pl"nes: , .\It>- ..
Ozawa of lhe oomm"nitations del)Ul1melll of lhe ,~

"Fi'ldill(1' Sll\,ugth of CllC"'~' in both secto''S i, a"'r .."

..
,~

.\"a'·ol General Stair. ill U:::SBS I nlermgation 208:

Hoi less 11",,, 700 in e"dl lit IM,t (ltow,,,,er when
""_r
U~'" ..
,~

,~

"The onl~' inforn",t;on of ",dlle to the speci,,1

lldded to n'l>orts (''OI'' otb..." som'Ces lhere is llot
It "<:r ••
.. "'r .. ,H'
seetion (radio inleltigence) ~"pplied uslJ~' the Ger_
mat\3 w"s lhe B.\.MS (Brondcasting Allied Mel"
ehllnt Ships) 1m"" code. B.., using this e<xle, we
were able to break "bom tiO Jlen:ent of lh\! nlt'ilSlIgO!ll
'n"ch !il'0IJ<; for i'",estigatioll).
"/JlUli, of COlllputatirl'/: The tl"llHSPOl't phnf'S
ap!'ellrilll; ill lJoOth SCctOl'S d"t'il'g 01' after, he IIIll~r
" lOor '1
""'f
"MO}' ..
"Mo, "
""'r
••

'1
"~"f "
'.
,."
,.
1-2,

1-10

trnlll!mitted from shore stations to Allied merchant [1111t of M"y 1l1'e estima1ed at less than 4 plan,.,; ".'1.... ,-"
l_IU

........ ,,.,..
ships:' d"i))' (COlHIHItl! it at JeSS1h"" 4, pJu"es). ""0'
J.... "'.
"I... ,.
H.
MAs the It'altslJOI·t pl"nes ,"'0 " lIletliurll 1f~
l-,U
,~

lheir ellpacity \\'~iglt1 will uot exceed the nlllxirnp,II

lO·..· '1

. _-
VI. NEUTRAL INTELLIGENCE
limit of I tOil. Ilowe\,c,·.IJre lll'tides c"nie.:! l!eill~
a<\:· ..
--..-
1-,.
IO 0..' '1 ':--_
I. E,'identoe 111"t the JIII'"ne!ll:ol>t"ined informn_
lion from "euI",1 $OUtt"", is com"illed in the lith gl't!"t ill "olullle lIS eomp"'.......! t" thei,' In'iglol, thl'
l:ood~ dl'OllP•.:d l"r one phulo \lill >lot e,~ct.1!d ap,
II)~. :~

. .....
,,,"' " ,.,
.~"'. ,.,.,
HI
,-
~

..
,~,
Arm}' Intelligeuee Sum",,,t')' of 19 A"gust HlU, ,:~
"$;:: g ,-;
-
Irllnldnted in ,\'1'1:; Enem)' i'ulJlieati(>ns28: PI"Oxllnnlel... 800 kilogtnltls.
~. \C(:(!nlinK to in fum,,,tion from foreign SOllrces "TrnnSIJ<,l,·t l>Ollndnge t"',,1 !IOOX4~3:?OO kil(t- "".', ,. H'

1;'·lIt1lS. ,\econlitll; 10 the nutiV\lI~POl'ts,the g()Ol~

RESTRlCl'ED
00
.
 RESTII,ICTED pJ' JNTEL Exhihil B

""",,, KUl·"shid'ir"'i,cunlllla.. ~
C<>llu"enl: ~v
• 1ll""110n
• ," a.S made
r , I ,. Wl"'l)~unkoIT.e\\
" in the dOCll-
. Caledonia
~
,,,.. jOlI.
TJ' \'l'll.' . .....
1< • • • is surq;''''n!ltl!; 1hl! ui16Cll!t
iug Ih~
, \'al fOl-':""'. '"1 I .
Illenl" I Ie - <. , I '. lib da;nu'{ "" J. b '(rllIlSjl<lt'1 III -'I, 11<; lay.'
. \ won I,,~k or\ '15lll'I'
'''~''S by pilUle
Ilriooncl"l' hOIll { llS S
III . ;(llb''''t .'. ." COa'l >. ,J. jUl"lti"once ""pIli',
1 D"·I~!OIl.
of 2:i Jql, EXHIBIT B.-jAPANESE INTELUGENCE AND
EIl~IIl.l' I'"
lhal had ''''''''0''''011",,-'<:1 11,.;;1 br .
ill Feb"""l'\' 1j).j2. Z., ,""II,I"H'
11).l~. ", I',
11 ,\T1S ,ratl o ".
IlS
OPERATIONS REPORTS
IX, MI"SCELLANEOcU'NsgURCES OF so,ys:
. kill'\'t"'.
. .'\hholl,h the left coaSt "'18
1le<:'IUS8 ( r lhe intedinkiug I ~.f
n!latio!lllhip
.- II"Ig'('n~'e und ,l",t,on reports, eJlamp ell 0
/ .
INTELLI E f "3
")Inr '1",e1. I )I.He were sign., ur S<"lle cxcjll'.
. 'II· "".' I, 1I\1e
.....11
I \ I -,h \1'111)' IIQ im.. lligence rt'IIVn 0 ., clle'u • ,,1 ,Ie nil ,""Il!! due to (Il: enemy Pro....
'nW1l1 ""10,' "aid I lop "l,,,ck Oil ].Ale was nCllr."
,_. l~ induded, .
19-1;1 cvmains I he f" ,ow'." ~" •
• g 'tnleln"n ,
g'llld"w~"chD'·'·~ion botl' are r 11 ",illg ul'e l'ejll'e.'lelltMl"e of the t)'l>e
., , . 11
Ene"'\'l'lIbht"IIOllS~S.
&0 lte",l>e,.
huJlelin of II Mnreh 1(/.l3,
I I I" \TIS
(">lllS all.. Ill, ~ . CI 'kin' in -\U5-
"I ., "hI
,. .
I"" .
. A'I'IS llUJlctlll 400, states:
2, The
)\,rls 0pn'pu
I) . ,',,]"iolls
red loy
~ ,\.l'lll)' and
T
eOllllllllUd ochelons
"The U.'Sident .\!tache fOI" HIl'g I '1~1I:
Il1lJl5htwi 11,1 ,ion 'lost 0PI'OSilC! N"d~llb
seems
&frtl
~fllleJ"pullC Navy,
tl~,lill ma, ' e t IIe fll
" """..
'"'''I"t'p,'''IOlllle, I . .
0011 "Ild in "'"I"g' .l~
"F "'yO) "" '. •
On (;uadnb'llullhel'l' i~'''' 11. \ \1 ,...'SIlI" lhe)'
1 fl~l( I ,"",," crOSSIll, "11'\'", No Cllfm,•
., nIl"
')"".emtoooplunllillgf;()t1I~thil)g,
TA B[,E OF CONTENTS
o'"cr 1,000 .\mer;e"" .Mannes" ',~~. ,,000 un. 10 Il'n I ~1I11l"L" "" I 'del/jge/we Repqrt8
ine"'~Il"",l ll~e •\ U"ll1dlllU •\."'~~ i b}d:e nw'u;tninOllS
li,-e;;aredolli/:;:lnlllsporl \\0' n
"'''11 '"
O,')'wa\,loa "',ck
_ ' bv
w I * .. * [TN: illegible].
, ],'lId iti "by wa)' of Nadzab, ,..••
t'salllple: J ..c nr..
• .-\. 14TJJ DI\'18](,:< S'r!:r,I.U1f.S r.
'~)I<T BS _
, '2Orfl I)n'ISIOx
lJ. EX1'lI,\UJ"S.
QIT,\ltTr.us Isn;l.l.H'a;~·,'r.
RH.....kT
ll.
1;1'0
"
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C. -
E.~CY.IWI'>"aOlr U,
. I ". nn
. 1K><:\flll;S1'
C,wl'Ifl<Jm I) In.l" ]!)~4: ~_: _.;'
D. I~III Dl\'I~IOS ST.\",·liiTl.r.I.IGy.iiC.
!tr.l'f)l(1' 24- _
E. l~rrr Sl,iInt.",,;q: Isn".r.ua;sC"t: Ry.-
1><.>1<1.,; I .\:<1> 2 _

Action Reports
~'. '\(;'I"IOS l~u'OKT .0
",,1m ~_ USI1',
BA<"
. YOI\O~I·I\.1 ]\",,,,,\1. All, U~'IT _
G. EX<:''''''1'~ f'J<Q)1 J , \>l A'&SY. Gil...
S . SUltll,\KT
0>' U, S. ASiMULT OS TIIY.
BEl''''' _

A. 14TH DIVISION INTELLIGENCE

"
REPORT B
~lililar·\·_\'elT Secrel; Sl"tr ) II r" SectOI' Unil
~ ell TeruGrouII
[TX; 14111 Div.]·; r'e]lI'ilrled by Pe e ro
IOJli1," 194.1. .

I. Gist
III
, llreg]'(Jup.sectOl"lhe all' ' ll,\l1("S
'
k
vII l
,.
A snd~'ap
' ~elru
, . . . . >ersr_lenl
'Ire 81tl1 ('Ontrnurng I ,- .,: Il'C on the ,.
..nem)' dnyh' .. ht.hg I 11l'r. I'CConn"r""ar
, ' I incn"nselI
A

' 1'\1 Ol'cr KQI"()t "lind B"bell'""I_',)aU(llu I b,-I'lK'e

I
'tillage don'llo <lUI' hhipl'mg . ",i<lel~od
1lClIr"--I'll all . nl
ft,
~uenr.l' Submnriue llll'lCks, Ill".' '11I'~1ll\ his pm-
. co_
~

'.'1-'118 th"l lhe eneru.\" h",! "lr... "d~ 'H'lrk on our

ItESTRICTED
., Jrlllinary !lclil'il)' ]l''e]l"r:llol·.I' to au.' '
 TEL Exhibit B
RESTRICI'ED JAP INTEL Exhibit B J" I N
,
",h"llgt'(1. The ¥lln-isoll unir I'lnnned 10 '~Il'll"t :tt'e n8S('mhlil1l! thei,' lu;li",,'y ."1 rengl h in II,el;\.'Ctor ] ' of about 700 P'-...
III nil ' I_based air st'"ellb'1h •
", ] ,] ,). Cilil use, lim agllllist which we must. be
f''Om rhee"i,'in~ line On d'e ni~ll1 of Ihe nrst, nnd
'r \ '"",""
....hlc I I
IIOJ' ,ellS 0 ' • ~ ,uHl ItZ'e mlhe ,mdst of prep.
<>fI Ol,r gUllr~1.
n"'Oernble On " lillc to lhe nOl'l1t of Tnnnpag' !\IId "
al'alions 10 llUack :\it"pe,
Tnl"f"f" for n finnl ~tl\nd, OgasaUlaras Area
The night of the ~nd, onr for"t'es withdrew as Si,rtl1i Itegion . . V. .\1' enelllY :ilrl"k"r I'
Enemy ",ililnr.,· ~lrenl!lh !I~ the Sltl"llIl reg,~,~ ill tIlg (""t:e Ull't e 1111 a'r atlack On
scltedull"d altd OCl::ttpied a line f1"011I the no,'tlt side
e~limlllC\1 Itl" lolal of" di",~,on.ltnd 1t.llItlf. Ihe • ,'llIn
1...0 I on the :\nl 1 !lnd on the morr,ing of lhe
of Tatt'lp:tg 10 the HO"lhen, area of hill 2'21 lolhe . ] ,
1 ,'OtJ(·ll ag";tl" "'a. e all' IItracks 011 oolh "'.0
hill on the SOttlltweSI of KnrnIJ(O"I' where Ihp~' pre. Yuki Arm" Group is arl'ntlglllg liS malll. bl rength ~Ihl,e, ']'J' 0 r '
on lhe ler, 'b"nk of Ih.· To,' riH'I' IUld lll11kll1g prep. , , ,"d CIne" nnll. Ill' O!"tell ~tallonC\1 at
pared fo.· lhe final ballle. JlllI~

\\'e lenrned b,' N'Connlli~,"n~", on tlw 3rd thnl ",,,,ions f<>t· "H:tck. llllCes ~ll"u('k ha"d ;It tlte enem~'; bUI al.
,h~ ] , ]' ] ,
the el!erny "",,s' prep",'inl! ~ C1'anes III Chnratl flia/..· Island Region
h ugh we succee<: e, III S lootmg down O"er H
Kunoo.. "nd i~ workillg d:ty nn« lligltt to enlnrge ',oue;; we 10SI 30 pl111111S Ilnd;, ships. We qUIl!I'
A"lito airfield. The llurnJ.>",,· of planes Illuding
The enen,,' ctt'Tied out tt di ..ersionll".v bolllbal'd. p" .
. ned II pnsoner (I'
... ('Jg ) ,'Vtt-~ IIltnc ] ,ed 10 Ihe
!1lached ,3 and nlrendy lhe,-e nre a ~nlall nll'nber menl of rIl6~lIlhe""l'nl"tof!'I(\('lUfoor lslnnd witlt ;~:rlllll.llttJ,.'Ship of lhe ;,lh ·Fleet) nt Chie!>i Jim••
of Inr'ge lHIll planes. ~ cmise'"!! and ~ deSll"t>yel"; at or;;/o on the 2nd. II he uillde the folloWing st"temenls:
.\flcr Ihe !l'h, ahhOllgh the ~itunlion \\'as not
Ullder llteco"el" Qf:t oolubing and lhe ~helling at as " f '0 "
all I. The OI'Sllll1Zatloll I ,e" ,,1.1" eel:
deal', il "'lin be nssmned Ihnt a he'"Qic ba,tle was in cmi""l,>; lInd dl"Slt"O"'~rs, rhe ~Ile",y bcb'lln lallding FOllr la"ge c"rriel"S--fJOI'lU't, )'ork/(lllm, Frank-
ill the ";ciniry of lhe Ktt"';,·" pie", on rhe northern
progress, and lhnt Ihe hono,' of rhe 11l'1'''''ial At'my lin.nnd KIl"U/1t rTN: phonetic, nnable to idelltify]
w"s made tllltllife>;t. lip of lhe ishmd. The for"t~s II'h!ch hnd I"ndoo
lJ~renton, and three others..
L,· lhe e"enin"" of rhe ~lId lI'elll eSllnlttled to nUIll.
H(lta I~land Cruiwrs---2:l
I;';',. "boul 2,000 aceompnllil'<l hJ' tunks. The main
Thet'C Welll n.ids by enem~' plllll"5 on the lsI, DeS1J"Qyel"S--llot known.
slreng,h of lhe NoemfOOJ" detllchment tlH)\"ed np to
211d, 4rh. and Glh. and in lhe raids on the Gth the 2. The plane_c"I'I'ying cltpncilr of lh e IlIrgecar-
lhe nOl'lhem Kallliri seelm' alld ,He pl"llSentlr nt.
airfield ~nd town were oombed. lllCkin..... nltliciptt,in!; the annihilalion of rhe en. riers i5 110 pl,'nes. bei" .... Illade up of 4t) bombers,
em.\'. FU"rher, aceonlinj;!' 10 " :{ew Delhi hro"d. ¥lfighlers, lind 30 torpedo oombers. The cllpaeil}"
IV, New G"i"ea Area of the medium lind small cllrrier'S is 70plaucs.
'Ille number of \"l~ssels ~"""",--ed 10 be in lhe Xew <'''Sl, the "fO'1lmelllionetl I"ndillg foree ;s snid ((l
be n,,,de up of Amer-ican .\I",·illes 'Illd infant I')'. 3. The combined phllle'Ca,.,.ying C"pacilJ of Ihe
Guinea area on rhe (lIh W;lS tiG. a r"duetion of 4G
Altltougl, Ihe euemy has seized Coni 1"01 of nil the 3rt! and 5th Fleets is llpp,·o)[illllltel... I,~OO plallC$.
ships as cun11l"no.l ro the 31·d. alld of lG ships as
(X>mllaz1ld to Ihe 4rh. The n"SM'ls "~",,d ro l>e tir'Sl ll""lle aidields on fliak, the Biak deta"hlllent
is ctll'rying oul orgllnized gllcn'i!la Warrll'll in co-
B. EXTRACTS, 20TH DIVISION HEAl).
al Ih" principal bllscs ,,"ere as follows:
O)lC""rion willt rhe 11"",,1 rorees fOI' thllsake of tl,e QUARTERS INTELLIGENCE REPORT 9
.\I,,~b)"-:l' ships (increase of Ii o"er the
·Uh). Empire [TX; litel1tlly "ttHlking tlte eoJol"S their DIlted 30 t\pl"il lll43 lrallshtl(."{l ill ATIS ener,,)'
Goodenouglt_:l ships (illcz-ease of 12 over t-ent··,,"1. ,,,ul ,,,,,, doing Ihei I' best to i IItel·rl~Z'C wilh puhlication 145, pari 1, P"b'e G,
lhe ~lh). lhe eSI Ithlishlllent 0 r "base. On,. nir forces nJ'e also fll .\Inreh an cllelll~' con"oJ urri\"(."{l in IheSouth
.\dmirnhr_ll ship~ (decrelll'C of 8 fl"()m ,he alr"ckil~g. !ll'Conw,iSSollltll ltas .liso.:lo""d tltnt lhe Pacific. Irs total tonnage "'us aOOllt 1,0[,(l.oooton,.
~th). :ll"d airlidd is "Iread~' beg;lllling ro lJe pili 10 nSi'. It is lhoughl to hlll'C clI'Tie,1 tz"OOps 10 lhe e:\tel~'
0" Ihe251h one Ill"/,'" 1~'llC Ilnd $smnlltype pIalles of d'''UI 1 di\'isioH (i, is ulmost. l!C1"1"in Ihat It
Further ir is lI~I"')' to pa~' heed to rh e fnet
we,." Spot led, while on lhe 281 It, j ]n"ge Iype Ilnd to~laitlttl II'e Soulh Pttcifir },;xpeditionll"y Foree.
lhut there 10",'" ~n ur/,,,,nl m~'~e;j nil dar be.
R smnll '.rpe plnllCS Wet." id"ntifi",1. In add ilion. rh e AUSl"nJinn llih l)i,'i8;on) "lid "bolll ~,OOO
IWet"n MOrelbr nnd Admintll~'. alld that the '·C$.
!oels I,t Admin. II)' are being gradna))~' 1"\.,<:luee.:1 in lbe enemy ise.,'nblisltinl; himself (>ll Q""i Island to t:~lited Slntes ArlllY 1~l'lat'Clllellt lroops lo,,<ether
number. lite 8O,a), alld hilS ttll-end~. cOll\plcted an ail'field "'lIh III lenst 380.000 Ions of Itlnnilion$.
Ihere, On rh e Wrh olle l""ge tJ'pe phllle, 5 r~
Ifev:ak H('9'(I1' "nd 9 srn" II r.l"pe plnlles WCl"e 3[1('t ted. C. EXCERPT FROM UNDATED DOCU·
.\eeording 10 intelli..",,,ce rel}(lrrs from the MENT CAPTURED 9 JULY 1944
Sutuhem An'll ,\rrn)' on rhe :lth, the .\Ioto ,\nn~' Ct-Ildi/io" of ""lelll.'1 Air Ha~e" ill New Cui~d
Area SIl~jt'Ct doemn"JI!. cl,plllrl.d on Xoelllf.oor alld
dt8<:rrbed ill ATl S Bull", ill W2G, pa!-'" 8, mchu~e<l
GZ"Qup is ill the 'nidst of !l!l.']J"ntl;OIl for holdin"
Ihe ~Inllc,t;!ic poi",s of rhe Irewnk regiun and lh~ . The "irfields n~tl bJ' rhe enmny lit present Ilro1
• ",'llneogr"phed Skelch of tlte MUI , " " Pnc,fic
II\CO.•
Scpik ri"e,", aud of fighling II,,, Aus'n.Iin" .\r'''l" III ntlinber,'1 "t Iiollttlldin, 1 oil 'Y"kde, lind 2 011
rol"Celi ,,'hith a r" ad "andllg rrom Ihe llal1~a regioll. H'"k. If lwo more n"e lIilded on Di"k lhey lI"ili
'"d SOlllh l)a.'ilk III'\'IIS ,i,'illJ!" di'llOOlt,ons of
,\ II'Ill{ ] S('"t:ngrlt including' . s'g .. I11 .111.,_
""" IIp
snbllll"'nlf'
The :L"ll Arm)' Group and lhe K""'a A',n~' GrOllI' h""e" lotlll of 9. If we 1I11Sumc" 1I1""i"lIlIn 0186
to lhe end of ,Januar}' 1:)-14. One nOlalion shoWS
pl"nll!l 10 all lIil'fieid tho)' will soon l""'e a 1lI8~1' "'J '
RESTRIITED ll]lall<"Se e"pected a lalldmgon E lin'rltul'land :s
RESTRICTED JAP INTEL Ellbibit a JA' INTEL E"hibil B
" 1}(>I·tnHt plll'"eS, bill HI!\(} IPProachin,_
rlll
WUIN' ,wiltl,,,in~. They nl_o t>"""." 0111 demolitioll E, ISH I SUBMARINE INTELLIGENCE '"-,hf ' ,l a l ""ens lin<1"1 IS al](Is. S'ilE!tlinp IDore
_."
"1"">oti",,, (''''ll lIbo.oll~ltlw 1.\'l's. REPORTS I AND 2
roY'-;:; kilolllet~l"!l dibtnm frurn the QIJOI'e.men.
()"{)lIllhalirm of R(/IH"/~ 1/1,,'
rrdul;qlln: U"po,,1 I; V"I',I' Secrel; issllcd.oy (;2nd Divis~
Ih~~('{l pIllet'S wei" v~'?" "Ill"['. Tltis fltl is impor.
PN""'lIl... I_1 1.\'1', with 16 mp", ~lIeh, 8 ~Willl' 1I<.,,,1'l1l,,'1~1·~ 6 Od"l>e,' 19c1-l; ClnCPlle.CilltPo! .. !rOlll !l,e sltHldpomt of p"ll'ols agRirlst enem'
"""~. ;ll"'''lIi,,~ "n'w.... bOil' tn.'w. I,~"l (;.Imell. l"'ll~hlli"ll ilcm B-IG. 4(H-O•. lollt , )'
F.q"ipment_:! '"lehv1':<. I 11I"gllNic ,101011"10", L Ahl"lIll!lt cnclIl," sub"'''l"Ille ncli"il)' in the I!nlHl'I1'f'oS· , .
;tiT;"';;: TIl<: best t,mes fo,' SIghting elleilly bub.
2:1 f,'<:t of 1I0"i,,;!. ,lyllamil0•._,,,,,1 ",i",. hnnrl g''/!- :o<""",'i Sh"l" has dl'CI"CnsPd ~''''P\\"~''~t dlll'illl! Scp.
",,,10_ (il i, i"f"I'~,llh"t lhi< is lhe ,-quipm<'llt fol' It'lllbPI' n~ eomp"l~d to ,\ 1111',.1: "el"~1I.1' I. StiJlsig.
• ('!l HI'P J"~l befOl'e dn"'n, ,,'I'en Illey HI!
l,a rlll .' ! " I. . ' '.
I''',
"liP 1.\'1'). "ili""111 iu "Ihl'" ,,,"C,l>. espeelnlly In tire wnte "rir,g to ~Ilb",erb"'" or (.,.,tmw ~"."·Ilfllllon, .nd
Tt'thlliqnl~,lr.. dn1l""ite ",,,,,l~d is {'Ollll""tc" t'a~1 ""d wulh of Tni,,.,,,,. \V[' 11111.1 l>e ""glli18~ ~I du,k Il"h~ll th(W sur~"e~ for' ~r1l1SlI1g duri"g Ihe
wi,h ~tl'el wi"t, 'lllt11;llItl,,1 "" ,he l1!t'f: ,he thanlll'ls of Ihp e"em,"'s intel,tions ,,,,,I ,!L'eisious. For CI_ nlg" I'I . 1'111l1ld lll"l~ t IIk,"/! CIJ/!UIZ""ee [If t hl'Se
, fn('l.
~
an' hl"_"'01 "11<'11 b,'> " "h"l'!tc whith is dPl"'1lllOltI n",pl,', thl'olll,(h" Sl1ld~' of th," enemy's (on"el" Pi'll.'. are 10 l>e followed . . ,~hh"llj!h we hn"e not lIeg_
(!'Oil' th" <lNOI1l'I"l" ill ,he bc~,t: it 1I."alh· ",h< Ii".", tarlie,;, ll"d "iI' "etivlties we mny rOllcludl! !l'c1<J<1 !'lIdl OI'I?o>'tllllllICS. r~... rrt eXl'erienCl'l! have
I:; ,,,illll1<" '0 ,lom"!i,-h,, ,."..( ,.0 fl'{'t 1()1ll!: to fee' lhnt Irp pl""s 1I,e isoilltion of the Philippines hv shown thnt sllbs h,,\'O] been SIghted crlliaing on the
wide, "mlll ft>;.·, d'''''I'. C1l11 i"l! off 011" slll·fllce I ..a nSI':O,·tnt i"n in t hlll nl'\'~. .;urf,,("(' nfle'· dllwn and be!o,"" d"sk. Sueh in.
1'11# 11"t/f.· /(f('or": This ,,"il w"" ill th"l').!l' of Tit"" his rll'lIl'p phtns Ill'e Ob"'01l6. ".U('CS !Ire nlre, hOW"\"OI'. At OC-3Q ou T .\1"." n
dPlll"lilihl, of " .... f, Oil Suil"'" "ml G"""" II, Th" elwnl~' SHhu",,.ine situation in Septem. ('('rlaill seHlni ~ighte,1 " Hld"...,d enemy sub 10(1
Thp .... i" "" .w' no informali"" tOll'"(,l"IIing tlw bt-I' WJlS nS sho,,"n on the nnnexed Cllll1·t fnot ,wail. kilomelN'S north of D"i bland. "lid alta~ke<1 "nd
I. \·P~.lnn ,,,,,",,,Iinj.! '0 nulio '''p.>rl''of IOtn1 fort."el able1. ,"uk il '[flickl)'. A ''':11uill indepelldclIt .'Oml'an~·
lx-fon· ,h.. h,ndin/-", on S"il'''11 "n(] Tini'''I ..•",,,I! ,ighted a S1lrf'lced enem}' sub e"st of Monlt"i Is-
Nun:: Hitlw,.to, intelligcnce "ep0l1s rOlH'en'ed
bu.lb ""'1" u"l...1 to ~x"",ille P""""~"'~ throHgh lhe with ctrem.,' SllhmHi"es we ..e included in ~'Cneral land dlll"ing II 811",,11 on 30 .\by at 1143 and al.
,....·f.
i'l\ellig~l\ee reports. Htnceforth, ,heJ' shall he Ml.'ked "lid S!lnk it. Theseal·etwocxHmples. :-001
II. r:.u"tial~ al Nrro'I/,ai..a/l(:r h"n<lIe<1 sepUI'''lelr 116 submnrine illtelJigellce. onl,. tlln sHch "et",,1 ('ases he ('ited. 1,,"1 serer.1
IT:o<:.\ 11 of litis pnl" is missing Wilh the excel" Rel'0l'l 2: Vel'." Secret, issued b~' (;2nd ))i"ision OIJ,~,." cnn iItI llH'lltioned in whith ~i;!hlillb'S look
li"n "f the following I'.r"gn,ph]: Hend']II"I'tel'S 8 NO"clllber 1044; tl11nslnted a, pl.ee betweell 0100 lind 1000 nnd [,ptween 1200 "nd
E'I"ipl'.~d wi,h kni,..~", sm"ll·type hnlld gre. CinCl'nc·CinCI'OA item B-lli. 461-K. 1500.
nnd"", "'Hler\\'ater g"o~Ie<, ~willl Hns (nlbbel' de- I. E""",.'" SllbHllr1"in~ sightill/!S h"l"<~ i"crea:;ll(1 !rell/her: A It h()lIglt 0111' l"CsPnl'Ch on lire comp"l'.
"i,'e> W"l'n "I] ,he feet). ,he .willuners SWam to the (·"n,idembl... ~ince the 20,h, pal'ticuJady 111'0,,"11 kon bo!tl\'~~n good and b"d welllltel' hns rlOl yet been
rC('f 20",·,. """""rained Ihe depth o( lire WHI~r I"y 0kin",,"" and .\m,uui Q;;lrilllll lind ~Ulh ofTaill"alL OOII,pleled. it Clln be htilled Ihllt whenlhe wenllter
lIudel'wHlel' .win"ni"g, earried out o,her ol"dered 1'01' the P'll"[l0'" of inflict in/! a8 mnn\' losses a! i, bad (this l"efel"S to I'Hin)' welllh('r 01' poor visi·
,,,,·oll,,.. i,,,,,,nl"'. They did not cnrl'\' 0111 demoli. possible on the ellemy olr till' Philil'pin~ nnd Tai- bilily lind docsn't include eHSCS of wind Ol" nin).
rim' ul>en'lio1l$.· . w"n nlld in order 10 JlI'otect shipping. i~ i5 fI. e;;pccinllr dllring ,;qualls, enem)' sull$ often crlli;:e
III. Ob""rr(J(ion. II:"mel)" i"'Il<,,·tnnt 10 de,'i"" quickly, highly Slrllle. on Ihe SlIrfHce "'nl present good oppo'~lInilies for
l!'C pinna lIj!ainst the ell~m\' su!>mnl'i"es aoo !I~hting "ud C<llltnet.
The ene'nr is taking Wl """Wnre lnore "Ild IIWI'\!.
t1""'I'0Jers. .
anti in addition to selecting IIlnding !,oill1~ lit "ites Halte'"!J l'orpedoes: Heeell1l,I', difliru1ties i"
",hid, make il nerds,,,.)" for liS ta re"i", Our "iews IT. .\t the li"le of tin· I,ir' ullack 011 tlrc loth. a ;;jloUillg tU'"l>edo wnkes hllvc heell elll.'Olll1tered. lind
re;."'rdin~ milih,rr b'CO~1'8l'h,", they He '-'"'....,ing "mnb",' of ~"e!H", Sllbllln "illl's wel'e sighted 011 t!lt i\ is SIt.peeted that the ene"'" is IISillg bauer,\'
Olll de' ailed l'OOlIIn"issnllCl' of other Heas 'and ehtern ;l{:"ooill'd of Okin""'a. The\' were II'- t?l'peUOl'l;. Th<! 1-e"UltS of in,:e"tignl;on~ h~' lhe
le~"e nO >'f~n" O"'ul"ned ill o"er,-oming ol/Sr"des. P"I"('"tl.l' ,'e.<pousible fOI' eonll1cl. with [he 1'l'St'lIeof ~a\".\"of \o''Pedoes wnsltl'(l up 011 lhe <.'O,,~t af Mi~·B.
,ho rrews uf ~lle1Hr 1'1,",~s which were b.re1.r K,lnlnno :O<lIda "'nb "llma I~en Oll:l Scl'tembel' l11'
\\ P ennnu,- '!I"nore the lhorough IIl"n"er ill whirh
th..~· ,",rr~' Ollt ad"an'-"! prepal"'ions.
. C"n~i.~erinl'" 1'0\\'. dill)' and the essemial8 of
"UO"!.
J!L E"c~ny Subn'llriue Sightings
" .
lellie thntlhe\' wel'o ~t (or n deplh of (l feet. This
'lIgb'C.t. Ihllt ih~)' were batlelT tOI"J)edOl!5.
Ius ,~e(}\·'I)·. we lIlU"tlx-. "'ore "ud more aiel" ''On. 1~ICI"ell SIghted in tlw :O<nu>ci Shot,>s (4 1I1llXW"
cer~",,1,( ellem)". re<:onunl_llCl' "ctivity "IIti plnns
finned}. F. ACfION REPORT, 53RD BASE UNIT,
'0 ",fihrnte@ple'i "udel' "'ue,.. The )lOSiliollS of tlw >;ij!hlillgS nl'e Il~ sho,,'n in YOKOSUKA NAVAL AIR UNIT
I~n~ opera.tion" of ,\meriClill troollil h""e be. 'Ire IUlIlex [nol cop;ed1 reI',\" Seel"el' [l1-ep"red b,' [r.31"(1 Bllse {'lIil (lOt",
co~)e (1'1lle duml-'. \\'e ran /let a ~"'"eral ide" of ,IV. Ballie [....$OllS C~neer"ing AnI i_SlIllmari]}! lion
~ .I'0 " S'"led) nnd n,ltl1'Cs..~ed
. to'"11 en( I f~a\T
° - ,
tlus fa~l from ,he ab'H'e ""a"'I,les, il illdiclle$ II \1'lIl'fnre (UlIhnnlrCl"" A ....,,) (ern [IIVcst igll Iion I:x.p" I'lment , l'O"el"O 23 .\/nrrh-
ene",~·. morale ""d vigor. Ie
P""itiQ"J1: t:lIemy SUhma,.ines "nl siglrteJ f..... ~I June 19-13~ document found in .1,,1'." nnd lrans-
'I"eutl)·. not only lliolig l'<1n,'OY "Olnes "lid n",r at....1 h.l' USsns.
RESTRICTED

"
 RESTRICTED JAP INTH E>:hibit. IN'fEL Exhibil B

WeHlher; Going and l'eturning-half dear;

,
hal f eo'[(~ '0 aboll! 300 nuutic,,1 Illil es f"OIl'h.._
_. )loP. ,00-200 metel'S; \"isibilitY-2Ion· _
.,,",,1·- 'IQlldy; "'~'ll
. 'I'" ll.r-~.......
00 '10 '0
f
cloud dellsily-l); height of c1olldil---6OO-800 ,'i,il)ili,,' "nlOI"(' than ~O km.; '"("l of cou'_l'I;in' rr·-· km. On third
",etel'S; "lsibilitr_I'l kill; "isibil;t)' IIt'"r end of ,"i.ibilit:\" 1.'88 thun :I.klll. , (ll"~, frOll1 IIbollt 200 1Illlltieftl miles from
3nl line-less thlln I klll. "8 .Ilarch: J shot,11. "..-, . wIg",t of cloud&-Iess than 100 l1lelers., ,'.'I.
.!,;,U<lrc~ .. I ShOl111. OH()..(l.l-lr"-:J pluucs took, 01T. EllelilY not 1_"'" -~ krn'i t'c.,t of COl"'St~lolld,··, vi,',b,', .
'Jill-,<)
OH-l...Q.l-l1i--3 planes look olf. Plane Oil second ' "I C
sig ,"ll'
'on{ . of Ihe seurch Imes., bl 'less thnn 20 kill,
""'II"'!> lill" tllmed back lll'Cau;:e of lMd ,,"Mlher. 1310-1-I0:.-AII pl"ncs rellll'nc( , i,.r-: m'l: 2 sholni.
I
Selll",h radills 550 nautic,,1 miles. \\'eHthel': Cloudy to hulf cloudy 011 all t~'Ut"8l', }. ! '-''''9--.'1 plnnes took
t'H".........- f
off. I'llllleou iir..tlitl,
()!l(l()-...\, " poitll -l:l ,le~I~~ HOl) lI"miclll mile;; cloud dcusity-i: heighl or c1011dS-600~ , buek hecam;c" bad Weather. Sea~b
f"olll IIn<e 53 all "IWIlI)" slIrfllee<:1 submarille was lIIeiel'$; ,·i~ibiJit"'-'I()-lO k.''':;. at tho "ery end ,~rrlet
.• 4<>0 . '" f" IIno on seootld line
""hllo, ~ nllllltcfl tn, es., ' , '
sightt'<1 (t"(>1I1"S(> 100 degrees. Sl)(,,-'d 14 knQls) and of the 'iil'St lillt'-.....cIe"l'j "is,bdll~'-nlore than 4(1 , aWI·e. Plnneo\l t 1'1·t1I'tle,SDtIlensabo"e
w:\s illulledialeh· allllcked. The pin lie dmppro kill. "lIlea . I '1 .
~rCh rndills, 10 \lnlltlCU IIlI es, Ellemy tint
3,~ 60 k;r. Mk. 2' bomb:; (Iu'h;e.-ed" Ill"'" miss) ill £,9 .l/aMI>.: 2 shol ui. '. 1i~d Oil all)" of the Sl"!Il",h lines.
its Ii'-;;l "1I"ck. ""d immedilltclr lIn'uN!. III the
second al'"ek. I :'C 60 kg. ~lk. 2 ool11b WIIS dropped
l»4;;-O+H~;) phltl"" took ofr: ElIenlr \l0(
sij!hled Oil Imy of 1lie S/.'nl",h /'ines.
~1~'~: Hl'mninder o! s~t i?l1 labo'lI~d "l,rogress~
,)I"oduccd due SIllIl),,"II,\' io [lIMe"ial repro.
"t th... point at which the submnrine bnd sub- 123ii-1320-.\lll'llIlIes l"Ctllt'n~t1.
merged. X0 l'I'Sn hs wen.! ,'isible 011 l he s'Il'faCf', ,md tlnced ' " ,~t 0 f tlames of
.. " abo"e; oi ,let' sec J'lOllS I:("'e
Wellther: Olttw:lrd---{;Iolldy to de,,,,; cloud IIlPmJx>rs of the unit lind II series of charts \l"U
"I 09"2J the plane ull'ned bftck. The plane Oil the l!e"si'~'-5 to 8; h~~ight of clouds-sOO meters;
lhird lin... lurned back beclluse of Imd weMhel·. IPIll'lIdl'll. of which I",pt'csent"ti\"(l senrch plansare
";sibiliiy-30 kill. 11cllll'!\~leur; "isil>ili,)"_ included in the text nbo,·e].
s...areh l'lIdillS 4"1) uftUlical miles. E"f<my not thun40 kill.
11101'0
sighted 1m first and third se",,,,h linllS.
Chllrt of !;(lueh pilln. 30 .'!luch_!?!? ApriIITX: G, EXCERPTS FROM lAP SUMMARY OF
l320-1330-.\1l plaues I"\'turlled io base,
repN}{llIced] froll! churi 'It",dH~d to doeumellt. U, S, ASSAULT ON THE GILBERTS
\\'e"lher: At c....tn.!rne end of course-raiu; ,·isi.
bilit~·. I kill.; elsewhere, h"lf.<;1011d."; cloud den. rcr.'" &,<:r\lt ; issued b)' Ilcad,!llatiers, Kobll~'llShi
Sity_5; heighl of c1ou<l_200-4(l(\ melcl'$; "isibil. tillil. Japanese A I"Iny, dnted JanUlll')" 1944; tr;ll1l'.
it~'-IO-50 km. IIll'{1 liS CinCPllc·CinCPOA iiem 10,018, This
Z5 .Uu,",,": 3 shotui. antisllbmarilw Sl!a~h. document is a detniled action 1"C]lOI'I on ihe U, S. o.
112:>--114(\......3 plaues took off, enemy not sighted Illickon 'l'1It'l1wa lisiillgchronologicall)" theenni$ -,~

on an~' of the Sl!arch lines. priorio, during, 'llid following the IIdllUI bndillgs. I. :os

134(l..134f>--AU lIb""" retunle<1. The oompletl'd dOCllmeut co,'e,'S the period 14-27
Weuther: Cle",' on aflsearch lines; ";sibility_
IllOre than 50 km.
XOl'ellibocr 1943; this cxcerpt l"Ol'ers the Sl'Ct iOll of
therepol't fOI' the period 1+.21 November inelIlS;'"\',
(',.m.,1.
.j,b C'!rU £IlJ: J)oopo
C""'trv<'llo1llltt
"""'IM ,.'---,
'"
fif<I
. L ~

f!C .Ua7'l:''': 3 shotsi. ~'lV<"!llCnt mention is mude, in the document. of

0-l-lQ-.O.W5---3 pl"nes took olf. Plane Oil fil"St BASE iutercepiing ,md using U. S. I'lldio repo'1S to SlIp.
Ror ,101I f'I'...._ ' . !:o- 1...... _
lille sighted utle llickel bomt at ;';(l degl'!eS 32J
&areh nulillS: :,70 llaulicul milcs. P)~melll, .Jllpnnc'e disrupled communications. 1'I'Tl< L
nalltical miles from the ba~. I'lalle ('II second
JAllen" di~tllt1ce: l'ij.'"ht, G:, IUllltlenl miles. ~'roJil these tnessuges the .l"p"nere I"""tletl o~ ill' b. / • .If.~i. ".m- ...,
line turned back beeall"", of u.d weill her. Search Scueh p)Hlles: 2. t<uded l'CinfOteelllents and of the dmn,,/:-'ll rece,,·etl llllll."'·· lIr<I ~JII'I"l _ 1'. ..... ~
l"lIdius :330 nalltical miles. Same for plane on
30 March: ;) shot,,1. ~. «!lUI.' 0111" ships. The dO('ullleni nlso contllin, t't<lll.~' ~'b 0<1\ Em: llepl r......-.
third line. Sca~h rndius 390 namic,,1 miles. higlil~' e,~llggerllted l"CpOlis of U. S. shipping
094o-l'lnne Otl !ieCOnd Jine retllrlled.
0945--plaue On third line J"(:turlll'(1.
550';...()505-3 pla!\{>s took n1T. Pluoe on first line
1I1l1lc<1 Im ck bee,,,,.\ie of bittl WI~,1l hH. Se,u-ch no.
~; it c1"inls the sinking of 1 Illrge carrier, 4
dius 460 nautil'lll mil~K 1')1111" on set:oll(lline s::llllle
llto:Illun carriers,:l Ct'uise,'s unt! I destro,l"Cr. dam·
1215--1'1 8 11" of Ii"'t li"e returned. Encmr uut
sighted Oil "u~· of the lieaJ"(:!l litlCll. u ao()\'e, searell radius ,l(lO ""UtiClll lilles. Plane
If t04 Cllnier!!. I BB.;I CA, and 1 trllIlSp0l'1. Ilild
1 ellllStrlletion of lOOpItIUeS. The OXI'crlll follows:
Weather: Entire WUTSe On Ii,.,;! lillll--.<:Jou{h"' 011 IhiI'd li1le $llttle as llbo,.,. M!:t reh ['lid illS 251) nau,
cluud densit~'-JO; height uf dOllds--I,OOO Il}ete~; lical mile~. Ellen1\' nOt ~ighied b,' ,"1\' of the S~m"'{l"Y at O'e i( tllel~'ca" i1IWty Ooultlcr•.lJ.llod'
,·isibilit,· about 30 km. plallC$. . . . ;l'/~e Gilber/ Area oj NOl'Nllbcr /943
On ~"d line-rain frOll1 about ~ nUl/tical 100001'lanc on Ihird line rellll'llcii. l ·\)1 i!iOlnled IInll helpless bodJ of HOOpS cour·
miles from base: hei~dlt of dOlids-iO-IOO meters; I H;"""'I'lllll e on second lill e 1'01 1l1'llftl. %$1)' f~t~d Sup<:ll"iOI" AlUcric"n fone;; Oil hot
visibilit)"_2 km.; 0" rest. of oourse-clou{h': 1W{)·.... PIR1Ie on fil'St IIlIe rellll'ne<l. :'41 SOlitlll";I' isl uuds j (I"t below I he eqllatOr. ,\ fter
,·isibiJit)·--3()...40 km. ()" third fiue-doUdy ~;
WCather: On fit-;;L lind Sl.'t~m<llilll'S-raill fl"Olll "",dan 'he~' fillull r died ill honor, exa",ples to All
IIbOllt350 " " . .f IJe lllbo.-I"S of thc '111'lllftl fOI'I:es. They, with tbe
11IIllllcai tlldes f""nl onse; hPlgl
of All u in the !lol,th, 111'<) tIte /lowers of th~
RESTRICTED
roes
"
 RESTRICTED

,
-.-
...lI:

-- "" _
,
'1O._~n8""

_ , """,,01,....011 br" 8 .....

-.. --
~=.'=.'::.......,
:::::--:::.::
:-l =:::.........
"_~~-
..·u
"-__'l::='-
:.:-::ttJ~~,':....':r Il<).
....
' ;-. ....
-..=..~_
_,--.::-
. - ....
"
Parl !!-.$ilua!iQ/t Q{ m IWO £() Decemha Z ""triers,:) cr"i~I"S, lind Z DDs WIlS diS<'ol'e,~ to
-J----:i--:--::------:--:--:---
the In'W'' South SellS Ill'ell is heillg expended an<l -
- . ·-.._--
_•.__.. .
I,,::," '__ .,
L::~·~·:-
...... " .
_

""ulieul ",iiI'S wllth of '\"'I'IIWII.. From the _p- the inl"llsion will be repulsed. ": .\~ H\Xl"e ronsul1lf'<l. J:1l'It tlnl of
[1'.\": Probably 'lUa'l! "'Qtocmbu)
lleamlll"l' of tlu' ships "lid lin IlHuck by Cllflllr Aetioll ~ullllllllr,l' of Gilbc,1s (blltai), , 20 ~o. . It ie'dr..;~
In nrral' fIltary .-\A Ii", Illd....
ffiallltillung ,_
.\ctioll SWllmar)' ...f unilS (Inuai) in Ihe Inll~r ~ or nl'J:O'lIl Il'plmi..J:J.m", Prtiorat
]>1",lP1:' on ~lili it was dpdllced t hlll II Illsk force of 'tlilber, 19~2: ,lIllomu of IIIUno ou hand teIJlftlded 1;
Sumh Se>ls .\r<.lR (%OO 21 l'i'''''c,nlJer) H~adquar·
leI'S. KobR~'"shi l'ni,:
I ClUTier ",uI3 el,.,iSO:I"S ,,"us SE of l\!ili. Ho\\'e<rr. I. At 0600. afte!' ene<n)' Cl"lli"",r·bu~d ]llllncs ., rl"".-13.7 em. IlP j/IUI.I"ltlO IIGI'
1. Al dnwn on Ihe l!lth I],e firsl ell~'IIY IB,k force
10\'l'1I11~ of h,'a,·.\· rllin eXlending p:ellHlIlIy O"Ct Illt ..ilMrew,:l la"~'e cruiscrs IInd:2 DI>.l were ap. j t'nl. field ,\.\ ~n. I~~ u.tl~i. .
~J,u"5lll1l1s HI'II, il pro"ed impossible to attaek tilt prolching this islllnd from 300 degrees, lind from b. Yakin--13 mm,lIG. HlItQ ,:;lUll I: I~
(3 CV~, I liB. "cruirers 8",13 DD.<) WB.< apprOlich. Ja,ler, nnd it was dec,"('d feasible 1.0 nttaek tilt 1814-tO':l'2 proc<;C(k'{110 a poillt 1800 meters of the min. .\IG, 2J.1lO r91 ,,).
ing 130 nallli('l,1 mile. SW of Tarawn: Ihe .\IeCOnd former. XII' ~hore. Thel' "helled liS fier(;elv with 186 snh'O);; e. We mU5I quiddy 1l'pItai.b.- f,,,,the
'n.k fo~ (I CV.l BU, I cr"i""r Hnd:! DOs) WaS 3. Results of baltles (lotnl fo,' both <lays): I (nllmber of r.m'nds fl'Oll1 the lending cruiser: "'e 13m",. .\16> 011 both TIflI'a'.1IlII! lIoki...
approaching 60 nmnicnl milt." S of l\'nllfll. In
'"e<:liulll "'''Tiel" Slink; 59 Slllull model platies ~ ronduded thllt they l'xh"ustL'(1 mOSt of their am.
joinl action Ihe~' "tlllcke.l T"rawa and l'i'nllrU re-
do\\"n; 20 '1111111 model planes possibly shot do,,": mn"iliol~. Dil't'Ction of escnpe. 240 degrees; =::.:-::::.:... _
spec!i"el)' by air ,,11 ,IllY lung. At Ihe $Jollie time
8 lKl'~e n",del plllncs shot duwn; 2 IlIrgc model
- 1.1, - : : : ' - ' , - - :'

COUI'lle, 280 degl'i.~S; speed, unknown.

20 R-2·h HUncke<! .\lili. F"11h~J1nor~ we fOllnd
.. .,.
IhM" I..,.n.pon OOIWOY (I OD,3 tra"sports) com.
ing to nUack Ihe Gilbens Wh 100 na"lical mil~
plntles JlO,"Sibly shol down.
4. Impol"tantdumuge (lvllli fl>J" both days: lhw..
2- Results of b1l1l1e: 110 di,.,~<::t hils., l'esuhs 1I11-
kllol\"n. Ammo eXI)('lIded: 20 em. gun, 46; i4 em.
-.-::::::a.:.-.
--_.- - .. - . ......-
"="t;;;,~=:::.::.-=:.:
...-..Q,~~=-~~'='.=
SE of T'lI'a"·n. 0,,1' air f"n.-e, defyin!! Ihe bad
W.....lher which I're,,"iled lhrollgholllihe ~IBn;hall$
area nil d,,~·. a, 1700 On ,he 19lh $"lIk (t<.mfitmed)
a medium carrierof the fi,'i;! In>k forte 130 IIBlItical
mile>! from Tn .... "·,, 81 217 deglWS.
howerer, is '10 ob~laelu to butt lu) ; 2 x ZO cm. gu~:
:l rlldar (TII'1IWll);;I tllnks; 5 se"rehlights;41~1HI
allnck I'lallCSi I fightCl" I'lulItl; I Zcro OWr\lItKm
]llllllc: olhers lJeing inw'stigllted.
U. The ('I\enl)" is ~"Qlllill'ling" air 1I11acks relNil'
gun, 104.
3, Dnmnge:
B, One 20 cnl. ),(lIn dcsll"O)'ed (tolal of 2, I
de:>tN}~'e<l III time of IIiI' IIHllck); I field AA
---
::"?--... - ...._ ..

ll'Un des:tl'O.l·ed; IlO other damage 10 ordnllnoe;

2. ;\t 0'2<>0 011 ,he 2l)!I a t"sk force eompO!!ed of Il':lSly lind it is pi" iIl th" t o<''CIl]JII t ion of Ihe Gilbtrt:
A,\ fire. anrl CD fil'e possible.
"''en is planned. 'rhe full strcngth of the forctl:liD
b. Bnrneks Ilnd olhel' buildinl!5 <lamaged
r1urillp: IIiI' attack, furtlwr hen",' dllmnge.
There is no othm' d'~'WI~'ll to ,"ld t~ Ihe pre,'i.
" tm~""."ru, 1>.0<... "'"""" 80 rio-
Oll$ message.
4. Impressions:
" gf: tili:Y;.,~~:r.Wf~:'=-
A'''ln" 11_" .,..1«1. II. It is thought lhat the cnelll." has man~'
'm S'"m,'"''''10 ..~ ro,_
<IIj(I(I

AA gllIlS 0Il ~hi]ls, He i8 using" time bombs.

03'o-o:m '''' ~:~~ •..." 300"'- b b. Euel1l.'· ships guns II ....' n'1'~' dCSlrllcl;'·C.
03l~1I ""4 .,
"'-"",.,
11<1&--'' ' ' '
'm-':lllH'h .,
..........
.
,,.18",,_
~: 101'1._
lit· dllllllll,'ll is smull eOlllpllled to d'al b.l·.,1'
allllcks. SlllOko SC"cens S\,oem to be ell'ecti,·c.
.c, "'0 mUSl cquil) ou,. /11.1 Imjcetor.I' guns
W'th lin eje<-fing d.".: 0 to illCl'ta>e the firing
s1X'cd.

"" ,"
RESTRJCTED JAP INTEL !::lbibit B

32 CUI'I"\CI'- I",.e, I [,I ,"'~>S Slidt down 011 shi",., ,

[lOS'il>lell, . I) I I I
:\. DlllW'1ii' (nsn..'el"l,lIIW' : Il( lIt:e' e~I'IO!IiOI1lJ
. I :l3 [ulltl·ntl",·k p1:Ill(':l; ij pl"I1(~ s.tdl lnlSll:illgj 2
~~ ,en[,1-,11""
/.l'I"U , ~., """ I Zel"o Obg(JI"\'lItlon
. plulle seri •
",,;;1," du","gl'd: ""'I'II WI1 nut 1l"nJector'), A1\ glins
,,11ll;"'t u;;eleS'l', .
4. Out' ,-eumining ,ul" bll'C"gth (II IlInd'attack XSI-ITIO:'-. P Mn' VI-b-n:l..l.ro~Cf:. /'....
p I"ne~, JS fi,htel' plnne;;, 10 J"ecco ;;e"pl"ues)
, is 'W' All)!" Am OI'I'ICfJD;' Sc"OOl,
TJ.'J,"~x'. ,
t<)lIll1enltlllckillg tlm enc"'y ,-,ceuputl<>n forces on -1·~t."·IC!i 'J ll.l.J:<I:<O '1>Io:<u.ll, DA,'n:ll
.\11
'[""rllw" 'lild M"kin, pl'Oledlllg' ollr "rill]' unils .\ron"l' J(lH ~_~ _
(lJul,li). We cxpec,t to d<:,lro.)' the e.'lcmy. AI.
Iho".!!h lhe weathel' III the M'.H"SIll\lI.~ nlell hilS been
, ..'10~·
T~'x," ..
h~.,l't;g,:
CU,II"T':I1
A'1)' Y
111-1, l''IT.l.I.l0I's<;t:,
A 1'1"'1\)";; f1A,l'llllOOJt,
I"'
Inul nil "".1", dclll' wculher IS expected nfter Ibe D.\TW "f,\l,<;I' I() ,,'- _
llG

--
2'"2nd.
CPJJn"
Ge."f:IlAI, r~I.II"'ox 1:< (J.'~Al'f:.sE) Alii
~ FON<;I: ] :<Tt:I.I,""::<I")o; • _
I"
-
(:;imi]ar tnduing doculIIents fOI" Ihe ,Jnll-
" ~.
Ill!>e Xu,')' Ill''' nOlll'"llilubl~.) "
l. :0."0 sehools fOl' the tn,inillg of illl.. lIi~",nl-e

-
.oo officers exist('<! in eithn lhe Japanese Army or
•• X'fI". The clilTiculum of the X"'"I1] Stllff College
~. did ;Iot indmle nn intelligence <;01lI"SC. The cur.
=

-..--...
~lum of the Will' College clllied fOI' instruction
~ ill combal intellig:l'nce, codes, lind counleres]li-
onaga lIS a part of lhe gellCl"l11 Il'ainiug of oflictrs

..-
ro'!taIT dUlJ" A tuUd of 8 e1IlSSl'S was nl[olle<1 (or
tb inlellib'Cllce ~ubji!Cts .
~,,=d~"~ W~:;;~~~~l~~':: ~. Courses of lilnile(1 ;;cope on the fllndlimentills
• oo rn_
oo':o~~:.f,n ~<""h .."", .. ,. "ohl .. "'" ~ ~l ~ombat illlelligellee wel'e illdude<:1 in the gell-
Ii'll Il'lIining of .\nlly nil' omcns aud lIvialors.
.I.iindiealed OJ' (,he chnplers on inielligence trulls.
0'11 ~I."n--"' .. "'r W>dlo. ~D. l&ttd from J''1mnc,;e I nlinillg IIl1lulluls and J-ePro-
dllrtll in this exhibit, Ihis tl"aining II"n~ of n "er)"
lU~rHcinl nnllll"t!. .

lRANSLATION OF PART VI-INTELLI-

.oo GENCE-oF JAPANESE ARMY AIR
,~
OFFICERS' SCHOOL AIR TACTICS
TRAINING MANUAL DATED AUGUST
194<1 '
I. (lex):I<"" ]"'I'''01H1C1''O~'~ TO 1~-I"I:I,I,Ha:l'C"
[A 1)1.7"":8, .
illl]' SMUlln)")' of gllneral linisoll 1Il nIl'
1~'6~lIce is shown on lhe following
tt I)).
I. /,,/ If"
& .e 'gence Duty Regll!IJliolis
~
11I<Jtn"I" • I'ofol'
II 0 "<;1'1'8 "m;;l de'"toe rel.'ll IlIlOlb
J.... 1~';~"01 of all inl1'lligenec oJlldell (see SRkko
RESTRICTED
 JAP INTEL Exhibil C JAP INTEL Exhibir C
RESTRICl"ED
GENERAL LIAISON IN (JAPANESE) AIR FORCE INTELLIGENCE
",<"i"",
,,,1\·"111"1,[1>, H ,.. "'1"m IUIL'1 be m.de, KiTing
d ... Tl'''''''''~ fur huch lUI action. It I~ moot im_ Tltll u1'Jf<t uf o:omhll hlC'un1la--' ia topt
I""'lllll~ 1~'Hl e"Hy '"e"n~ of {"(l,"muulcatioo alld Ol.al"." abolll Ih~ ..:or .'Iuarioa. ~adWo
In'U'Ull';';lltll be u;ed, Signlll el)uilHUellt a..~ ...ell IlIt'lInf P''''''') fi¥lllpr pla-. Thia elIn he _ _
• ~ I'ltOlo~n,,,h~ lind olher ::cientilie mUII',"j thaI plr,hl'<1 Ibr(llJjl'h .11l' II... of filrt,ton and ~ •
tlte ~I~I." alltl a{'('umle In'llsJtli,~ioll of Inlelti_
I-""l('e reporlS m"y be aSl>u!"1'd.
d""t' \'llOlll'l"lIl'bfl -JIb 1'l'lnrip.I ......... t
OL,..."afl"" i ,be , _ in'pwT.nt _ _ of
l1li.
5. A""lysis o/l",ellige"ce ~Prt.all'f'<'(,nllli "..... It i~ bf"l ...hieTrd by-.ll.
III m.kill).:" u* Qf illte"il-"e'~ t'>Ile mltSf .I.... J~
1II1t L.....d """,""ai_II.... .. po. eom-ndon
I"d Ih..ir ~atr, ..ill find it ad n~ t ... _
k"o,.- It, .'l<>I11'('e, lime. and m."''''r i" ,.-hi<-h it " h
lhl',t Q"'" pl.n.... fbr of.o..<:or.... r;.", f,f 1op<"","l'hiraJ
glllheN><!. .~·Qr areU~Il! Illal,..i.ool' nH,,.1 ..eigh il
PL&J<E .~ 10 n,habduJ' and s'I-'llifir:ance. FU"heO/JOl'e in
f"lll"", 1.,,1 hrhf.t a,.,IHt,'" Ih.. war oilnalioQ.

• ad.lilioll lQ *iellli/ic ('()I,.itJel"llliQrll'. It/'NI ntre

nlll,1 be liken "-Ilh Irhal m•.r 1'lpNr IQ be a lriri.'
.\eri.II'I"',,'I-'npl,••re ..... oolv ",lub"" f""fll'.
nrrio~ br "ria ii, bul they IDa_t Ir,::, bt It>l'd In pa.c.,
", Or fhr maki,,/!" ""',,, flo n . "",rial pboro.
Ilelll, fQr lhi~ might lead IQ imelligellte of the paj)hin~ of .n niP" IT. a i:l; g<'OtftU.. rather
highest import.n<:e. dilli.:uh. .
When aualyzlllg illlelli~ne••\"('11 lUll"," UQid Radio fqlllP'lJlfIll CIOn be,.1 he 1l.'«I1t Iligbl and aJ.
1'rf'l."U'J<."('j)llo<l..'. ronje<;t:ure. and illatle<:luale proof 1'" "'be"lbo,~ a~ fIQ nnf.""rab!e atnM"pberic
of attUraCJ·. '-ery i'llllO"am infOl"mltion an be f'<"IIl./iru.rt>.
obt.illed b)' ooTlSiderill~ en,n I be m""r lri ..ial facr" II. HI'~_ '_.....,.
REGIIIEHl f ..... m • ~lII'ral ..ie""l'oint or~' ('()IllllariJll!: to..m
...irh orher bi,-, of illtelligenoee. Care nlll..-t be I.ken .\mocl/!" dll' ooject:. Qf -.u.i=aD<Je i:l; to.. gllh_
M>.S ro .'·oid ,.."ial judgnlenr and erron cauoed ..rin,e: of p'mi~" fltl.> C'OIlretlling tiJrlr. and 1DaIl.
IIETEOROLOGICU I ... t of Ilrojrn..d M:i<.as. It io rital that !hio be
".'. elle'''y rkftl'lion or prol..p.nda. ek.
AIRf'ELD :lo('OOmllli.J""" ,,-ttly .nd unbdrno..... 10 u..
ftl.
eaTUnlOlI fORCE G. In'411ige"u Ruords "III.". 1I"""'"r. if lbe ·lIllf1ti..n deInand.. il......
When making imelli~·."lCe """"rd•• one must mll."! he I_'lared 10 ("any OUI _nal'~D<Je in
' SPEI;lU A'R make S1Jfe IhK! II... arnolll,......lent. u"""'. and Ira to.. fl"" of 'Irl....mined _i<t.D<"e by the ........ y.
"'i.~ioll of analJ'Ze(1 illtelligenee i. ('()II\'enient for In ........,nai·..noe .cltk it ;, ~ry 10 mah
high fC!JeIQU oolluna"d. bIocall.."e il ill CI$OO,ary 10 .n nlt'T\ IH COlllllari",.n of lhe p~ aad past
11;,(' inlellige,lCe J'1'OOO~ "'h"" maki,,/!" illlell4,'I'IlCl' "tluatioll... l:Il'ing llanirvl.rl! C'lrefullO df,tfoO'l .n..
AIR "RIIY HO RECCO plans. Otller ('()Iltlllallds and toeadqua"ef'$ al5'O d'IIIj."e'< • hll ...... hate 0t'<'1IrT!'d.
PLAIIE RE6111EII1
II"" illt"lIi~'I'11Ce I.l.n" in this same n.. nner. e. -";gilt n(,,",N~
II, RECONNAISSANCE Ait holl¢' it i. di&io:ult lQ ulJc.in delai~ b.. nibobt
rerolllll_~. it ~ I:(>()o;>[ impol'lllll Ihal Ibis
Reconltll i_ 'lee IlroC<'dures fQr senior .ir oftiOl'f'$ "lftllS toe u>oed in oon'lKiiOill ..ith dar'ight rK'<l!l.
,,'it! I~ fQuud under "Sakko.~ n.i-.nt't.,;o Ihlt a"..- cha"gtS in lbe ..nemy mores
CHAI" 0' CO.... UO I{t-eo,,,,.i,,,;>tu(·e Ilrocedurf':S for anll.'· air I"I'nlrl' dllritl~ .11l' Iligl,t may htromt dear. Tn th,S 1IlI.Il_
LIA"<»< (COOlOLLA~ll CMA ... llai~"'I)C'1l ;;;(lulldron. is under laud in.lnlction 'Ir't "011 c.n. rhroclgllIMeJlt'<ll~'I.lallS.
COMPANY lll'Of:<."(lul'C>:. For night l'fC()I"'II ll<:<l ~'0Il mU51 mlk..
~ L'''''O'' I['WUOI OIVl"ON UC .,~ ,"1;"0£
I. Geller,,1 RIfles thorough pn'llIl'Irio!U .Ild )utI should 1lSl' rad,o
WNfN IN o,,,rcT ""O.r~.TIOM
eq1tillrnenl. ~'u""emlOrt, ~'OU mll"l lake e'-..rJ
•. "'.luM;'1~"U:llt uf r(Con1lUU8UI!« ttUtIj;J Illl4 pre<:aulioll agam,. 1:Il'1II/!" deee"'ed b~' Ibe enem.,·.
&I LI.'SO.. I[T,,[[.. "fCCO 'LU( "",....., .NO
TI'/Y)llrlaU8U1lce ",e/~r;d" TllOrollgh """'llI!'Ifions mu.1 be nladp; each (if
"'~ .~IO.Of "NlN '" Ol~lCT tool'l .. 'lOOM
1I.~onJlaillSlIn('e should ...... ulldertllken not olll)' the erel\" lll~rnben1 ""L1 be a"""sned (llle Plrtleu!or
11 LI ....ON ItTW(lIO ~lOI"fMT UO .. , ....no 1,)" Ihose IIJlpoililed ro 1"<JOO'lltlll...aUCll. tell.llIS; ,Iur,·: And lhe lleW 'uembt-rs. ,u.in,,''''"(,(, I"d ~'g.
U'ULIO_ .. ",R,<nO WNUf aUI.EN"S 1'II1h",', ('I'e,')' unit should mllke in"csllgatlOn8 1181;1l~Il, ..te.• lIIU;t I:Il' illfoO\'l'l1 of lh.. pl.lls of
ITATIO"fO, I['WUOI RUINEIOT uo CO..... ",
,"'hid, Ill'e jlllllO"llltll for ~"(lmbllt silllllri?tls, S."ch 0l)<'rol ion, A> Iluirkl.,· as 1)O;l>lbl~. FlIrth~rlllOrf.
WNf" COO'UUIN'" UTWfU "UIIOENT no .UEO"OLOOOC"L
11I"elili g 'ltio ns '"ll" be clll"I'led Ollt It)· Illsl'edlUll, th,.,~ 1Il1l,1 IJe dO><' C'(Itl1~el l-or ...""u nA "'~"'t 'Oil allJ
'hn IIStl of 1'~(Jt(Jg~aJl'" lind radio CqtJiJlfloelll, ete,
,oacr ONO .,R INHLLltUCf aUllOUT 1M ours 0' CIUC,
coo'rUTlO" IN LUO CO ...." wel,h~r "nll~.

10:, RESTRICTED
R£STRJcrEO CHAR' I
 JAP INTEL I!xiubit JAP INTEL Exhibil C
RESTRlCrED
" •.• ,.,ken thl'l lhere be no ObSlruetiotl ..
1ll11~t "" . . .. ~i,l"""tio" so tlt"t tl'~I1' will be no hesitancy in
2. ReCOnlJ4;lstluce Troops Im'es/igatio H ·,'it .. Oil elllel'¥ellc~' ,)Ct,ISlOIlS. . .
11 Regiment ltC~I~h6'sqlll\llroll le"d~r, "hell dccldll~g ujlQn lilt gj,'ing his onl"n; to the S(lllal.lroll at crucial concerned, or repeating t1-',
lnOrnellts. a/o:'ll.in><t lhe .mem, in a crruib .... ; i t .
. f .,.....·onnH,SlSllnce,SlI>11IdecHI6Uflon ..
Thll «''',mlllll,,1 COlllllll",dcl' IllII,l " lllke plnns 11\
Ill'ocelI 1116 m , f
.. "ith hi,. dUlles f ur Illl' """,holIng
, of
. b' ·me methods. pilines, Itnl ormatiOh' Ort!CfI n~ry '" Prahli'll.\' attain the oIIjectiw
Ilccordlln~'e pl"II' Slllt" e l l , •. II r ," deatorillg 10 . . . tlH'D1y'a .~
c<:Ordtlllce with the oI>Jl·e!I\"e. le.lll·ea lltlilS'lbd \\'heu the 1:(1 u"d,·o" l1111l1llItt"ler !l.>l'igns ,Iuties to
b ' . l lSVs,ClllnllC
1Ilh.'_ll'!,1clIl'c dIll ll1Jf w m . f the
atill' ~trl'te",' ,'C 'Klillts fVl' I"\'COnn'"SSanCe altd f-' the 1l(1",,,I)"on tllclul.oe ..... he shall ;&;ue lite IIppro_ . h j~ I"e~f"re _tial 10 ~ PIVPRIJ
I II 'll CX('(lIl1on <) LIS . ...
Illllglsneces8l11\ fortU·"'gc' tt/llt' "f del'.lInu~, COI>IW•• ltittidf., <'Ic.. lll)" to
. .s '(lltles.
,. 0 11
'u " '10 .()('Cll",ons, f1 nil' ]VWi,W the ltrt icl~ on I·oconnll,.~sllnce. l;() thlt be priute o)'(lcr}l from H!ll(llil,'" I be fullowi,,!!" items;
the reglllletll '. .I,k-to ~ach .he tal'J.:et"r t..... air""'rIMobifeti...
n~r\' thllt the 1'1""5 COllrllr \\',:h thOSll" . 1111'.'.C·....," bl', 10 l"t--l:el'·c t he mOSt tunl!ly ltnd R~U"'"
.... Ellelll)"~ situation, au)" sit""ti(Ill, llnd the !,lana
of the l~gltllCllt (.'Olll)l11",(ler. k~l,illll' our I,lan ill e<>ml,k-lfo lIO'!('n'l'y• .lind tUDw
di,·j",;on$ for the ,nll,ering of inlelllgcn..... ,'" l'CI'0l"t. I I I '.1 illlo con,ider.tio" ..-eatl,tr. actlvitieol of _ ,
The regimental ~'(Inlln,,1l(I er)1l· ""-';: or<lalla: '" " I 'I"hell the "ssiglllnellt~ 1>1\·0 )\'Cn I ech.,ed on.the I'I,,"S of t!tll !;(lllndrXl1I ("O",nlllntler.
lilthlP~. di'llO>it iOll of t hI' ""I'my .irfield. situation
his dulllS. IllUSt .ItaI'.HIC to elle.j I air ;;<Jlllldron
, J " ,I'• I' I.lIe Cl. -ews should lxl ",fonned
I , of the objfditt Objcd i,'" which then-e\\' should at lain.
or n"lar. lookotl!, ami air rldCU>oe O1'JllIlliution,
.
purpose of the re<;.'t)llllll,ssnnct'. the tUlle. ' ,m Jl". of th.' l"CColll",is""ncc ~,n~1 t Ie I: ,ms uf the !iqllld. lIonl·dill g cJassira'"tioIlS /TX: order of ooard- tOI"'J!'l'lIph.\·. e.".
"",,, of its N'(;{)l\l\lli5SllllCe lind oh;en,,,tIOn, lln(~ ,.m ,(>HoI'
'1,. insofllr
_ "s II IS pOSl;lble,• 1l11d also it is ing!J lIml plllll(l:;< to bI' used,
Methods of ClllTJ'injr Olll tlUtiCll.
The mol'\' limil/'(I lhe Ijtt~ tllIrillJ!' ronlt., fOl'
to it that lld".'!llllte re<:<.>lIl\ll.'S!llll.ce .
Inll.' li('(' (\~al·,I" 1.0 l'tililplete .Ihe Pl'CPIl,'a[IOnS of thee~ l'l'I'ouIIHi__'UI~ aud th... 1Il"N' lim;led the a".. to
-
ollsen"lIlion .'
is carried Olil. 'S\ IIC
I 51 tllll!Ollle·
I. I bl' instrlleting tlwm III the gcn"l"Ill blttlle COod~ Time of Illke.o{f, time of "rril',,1 al objccti,.e, IJC in\"C"tij..'Bted. the tIIo,"" wonl"rhile it i. 10 carry
quire>. he mllst designate supporting lllllts nll( li'(\Ho, Ihe contlithm of the enemy, wellther and !,o;ntfl passed o"er nnd lime of ]lassing. OUt in,e,.ti/?alio"" in force. l'opeeillJly in the.,..
assign reconnaissance crews lQ each of them, l othrr neocl·ss,ll'.1' \Halters. . Uclat ions and cooperation wilh other sections of when aerial ,U!ll'l'ma0' combat .lor.; nOl t!e,-elop ...
"-hen the I'l.'gilllclHal comlllnilder orders I 'e the air fOl-ce.
Spl!ciul i".I,.IIt1iolIS sl~l\ll be gwen fot' 101lgdiJ, e.tllOCted. This i, lhl' 1't1I""fI ..-h,· e.·en· ('fort
.
air !!lJundl"Ons to I'l.'<;Onnolter an d Ol.>ic"I·C..etc.•
. hc 1''''<'6ltrld night l"l!<::Onn"ISSl,nce. .
lIelKlrts, tI iSl'lttches, ,"(,mlllunklll ions. etc. l;hould Le made "';Ih QI'OlIg ... ill a~d proPer di&-
IIlllS~ inform Ihem aC(;ura'ely as to ~ignals' l~me The dillies which should I>e explaliled to till p(lolitioll in OnJ('r 10 ""Olin imelli~n~.
I'lw!ofjrup h!J
"nd nmnnCr of "':tking reports and. oll1.er "1\1-
port ant mntle",. Aoxording 10 Ihe SIlunt,on, Ie
CreW sholiid be mnde ns simple as p'N;ible althougb
_\t times when ot·ders lllXl giren for special pho. a. H~N)nllai.''J1tI'~ o{ EIWIl'y _lrroJro""'''''rio, to
1Il1t>l. illform ,helll as 10 the methoo:l of reeon-
ther lIlll,\" diff,,)" wilh th.e ,0bjC<.lli,·e of the~.
togrlll'h;lIg of I' cel1"in I''''''' Or llll·gt:'. the squad_
.-It/.uh "1/ Ai, Unit,
Iloitering and the number of plnne;! to be IIsed. etc.
lluis.llllce, lhe retati'·e dllll,,"lt.y of 'iccomphslillf
1"<>lIl"O"''''nll<lel·. following the pi"" of the rej,.'l.Ilar In noeonnoilering an el'e",~' aerodrouM' l>efol'l1' al.
lhe missiOIl. nlld tlte t,'<.';hniCll! work of the member.!
l'l'gilllelll tOll"nallder. and gi";njr oon,itlerlltiOnlO lal·killj! il. il i~ Il~.... ry 10 b<:.'t'nai" .he tn......
b. ..IiI' Squadron of the crew. lite condilions llnd Iltli,·ity of 0"" Olin "nd enemy mUllLer. di-J>O'itioll. a",1 activitr of lhe I'lall~.
11,e !!lJlIadron commalldel· mu~t ittfortll night Sped'll iniill'uctions gha II be gi'·en for 10llg dis- tightet· lInits, contli t ;011 of "Ill ia irtra fll;''C. clilllate. a"r;al Ilefen", fmoilil;.."• ..-eather coudit iVII.>. and ""
captaillS of long ':'tt~ flight 1~la'ls, and he lll~!;~ tlllle<.: l"CCorltlnissnllCe lInd night rC<.)Ottnaissa~, WI'"lltlll", etc•• shllil tl~,<:i.le (Ill Ihe ~"itlll.>le lime for OIl of Ihe a~rodronl". It is of tbe utmo:;<. impor_
pro,-idelhe followlllg ltlfOnnnll011 for eath !;<lrl,C. und at tilll'os when the~' 1\1'0 going into an am pholo/,,,'u phy a nd shall mIl ke t I,c It;;Sij!lllllel\l s 1lO as tanee Ihat OUr 1,Iaus ,..(,O\,ld tlot be di><:IOo1I'd prior 10
Number of planel! t.o be used, KjuipmCIlt. flight where ellelll,\" (iglne('s !lrtl\·lI;1. 10 "c<.:olllplish \11() mission in the shortest IKISoil>Ie Ihe Illlaek either I>y Iheooe l"t'OOIIt.. i_..... t~ aeti"ilie-
VI' b~' COtllmuuira';on_.
l'r~urc. lime of Ihe ;;onie. mClhoo:l ~f ''t'C?n- \rhen it \\'ould be difliclill fOI· the S\]uadt\'Ol time.
l\ai!lSllnce, poinl of control with supportltlg "'\lIS, leader It) "",sl' the t ('lie ]lict lire 1>)' means of ()RI \\'hen the SfJuad'"01i conllnlt"der is to hn,-e pho<.o- L. ",<'Wlfl/Ji,-'IIfli'<' o{ &t-rYt _li,..,.~!d.J
methods of collllllunicalion, etc. 1"CCO"nlliss~l1ce---fot· eXllmple, wl,,~n it is ll~ j!l"l'hi"g done of special al-ea or lHrj..<{>ts, he shall III reeo"noitering _ra airfields. il is neee;,a,l)
When deciding UPOll the prepat1l1ions and the !;Ill')· to l'el><.:at a reconnni>;Sltllee of t,e , .I,ea
I fillI i&;ue the n~I·'· o,"(lerso" t he uJl]>I'OJlri"te item~ to ,.,ize the inil;~1 iw·. lakin!! a.h,,"ta~.., of fnor.
numbu of I'lallCll to panicipnle, th,; !!l\Uadroll object. 01· when it is n,'(:essnr.l' 10 CIl1'1T out _ - of the following 'Ii~t: able ol'IKlnultiti"" and nrr.... iog out ootltinut)lls
leader. On cach occasion, shaH gi'·e due <:onsidera_ t'lliSSIUI('C by ~"erl,1 mel hods "nd ditferent pl,Jlfto Objl~ti,'e: Area for I'hoto<..,,·allh.,·; that is.lhe n'lrollllai_lIfe of ~1'l1''''' -a'IM'CI..,J h"cauc'l! of Il~
liol\ 10 chllngl'S ill the battle silunli,.,\I, '0 flight per. at the Sallie' lime, "I· 11'11<'11 it is neces~"".I' to. d",~ priueil'llllKlinls anti theorde,·of photographing. rollJitio,,~ (If ell~m ... plane a<1im~·. th.. di .......tion
so,u,el and to the oolldilioll of a\"Rilal>le plolll'S so mine wl,ether conditions h",'•• dlltllged ,nth I Rules of Pholog,.,.!'hy: Scale (tei,haku); (ill from which planes I""n' and retunl.gene",1 WI>og_
as 10 IIcliiere comple'e su,'\:ess itl fulfilling the . of , ell"'.! of oblique [lhOlOh.".ph~· altilude at which ".phl·. tiM' ~ituation ()f communicallon. llA ... ork.
tnne-Ite shall ca'·l'.\' Olll .'" terlllltttlll
!!C)uadron duties. )[orrowr. when dCl'iding olllhe
pas"nw •
t1~ t;'OWtlll'nl of 11'II1l'jKln whirie-. .\1;0 ClIlI'l1'
..
l'CCIllllilliSSlIl'te dependillg Oil t!ltl Il bT'I ,11CS oft
.-1"1\3" photogmph is !;lkell. llrlgle "nd diret:lion); kind of
number of plalll'l! to be S<!nl oul for l"lliher easy ~h~ll be laken to lailthe en.. m~·lliallc_ at tlus ",,~.
crew Hnd the 1'e1l1lil"e difficulty of aeo:omph"lI", C'UBe", to 00 nsed: ,'erlical und horizontal d~I)lh;
flights care IllUSt be taken thlll tl~ "'luadrOIl's equill. , 10 reconllOill'r Ihp pl.toeS ..-here IlM'y laud.•nd to
'.
tIe Illisslon: '11'lCS/! I·OCtl.m~lll!;Sllncc
" ..sll',l1 "I.
•!f(i!" time of photogrnllhing; kind of film, etc.
ment and engin~ of the plan6 am lllaJe suitable '0 carr~' O\l! .erial N'l'(ltIlUli,,,,,tl<.:f' of su.lM'et....1 ~f\'a;;.
be H]l)lI'Oprll,tc to I!Ill e.xlSll1Ig eondlt!on-. dt!
for the llOrtie altd the tim6 of U!le. \rhen ,Iecid_
O'-er. if "'~it,· denlltllds. tl", 51[Ulld roa I~t'"
3. 1>lf:eJligalioll of Flight Sitflatio" e. N~ItO;.. ""Cf: (,{ /:'ntrnl/ .Iil' FfJl'('t, in th"
ing on Ihe tluml>er of plunl!:l fur daily OIJ6l'dtio'l. ,. . .
l1lnsell.ltall go On lite Illission all( ,f"~ pc" ti"
UllOli irwest;b,,-'tillg the.,illlation of ellemy fti~h~s Rtlll'
the decision ,1",lIld 1J6 made after g;'·iug thought it is ne<.:eS$nry to elTecl I';.';pedally S)·.temntlc In r'CC(>nnoitering "nAil)" air fl)rt"C$ ill rcar arc~o,
to ",lati'·6 difficulty of a('l;oml'li~hing lite lniS!;ion, ituportanL dllties, 01· hc shllil l<KIk OWl· the ell,d-
i>11''''lij,.''lltioll S 'lIot only I>y coucellt,nttiug Oil II.le it is C.>'-"Clltial 10 lllaimain ~l"l':illall(,(, O'·er Ktr·
the condition of Ihe pe ......nnd, I!(luipme'lt, elc. "iCHu'e lllltl gi '·'1 p,.........i"l. i!lst 1"let ions to t hI' .;qll
are" wherein Ihe eltem)"s 11IW.'IIC1' l~ e.l.'p''Cted. 'll Ii..ld,. while eilh"r earr~·itlg Olll l'CllCIIt,'<! a"d ,~'S.
,\Iol"OO"er, N'gatdh~ of the oe<:asion, f(lille of Ihe rOIl. .t II ....
\,\hellollnmission,the.sqltlldl'on 1ea der"'~ '·i,·w of thei,' sp..'\'(I~' moLile H1o"ements, bllt al!lO lemal ie re<'(\tlnai~t ....,., a"..",.1 arca~ ~u'l~t ....1 of
plallea should ah"ay~ 00 kel'l in rescn'e and care II i"~&V h'·
by il"·Pst;guting "t j he SlIme lime lhe whole ran",,,, beillg 1Ise<1 b)' him. Or ,·rrifyillg Ihelr locatlOtl. It
I' grasp Oil the whol(l sitlll,tion and sha g
RESTR.ICTED
107 RESTlUC1"ID
100
RESTRJCrED JAP INTEL E"h1btt c JAP INTEL Ezhibil C

i~ n"'-~"r\· to ft"O'rl"in thll location of enen')' 4. RuollI/Qissalt(e of umd Conditions oo.><"I,iol1 lind meth(Mls for lhe ~nnai_llce
pl'Ule.! bS c~l(I"1I ,'oring lIt this I inu! 10 disco,·cr par· In lite recou""i ..." ",\", of hind conditioll il it ~ should 00 formuillted.
tieularl,y aimelds which I hll enemy b.s ro,lCftlled. e#'ntinl to h.'·e tlte li,tlll or tlunck, ilIacI' and S;'CI"C'C}' of pi",,!! mu~t 00 maintainoo and becaUll('
d. /ltNnl'lai.~U"('t of tlot Slu/u_ of Rt.to."ti<>t\ of ro -lit Ihe condition of Ihe t",·~"'t, the adjlcent of lhi~. if more lhan one /light is n.'<Juired, il is es.
t:lltlllY ~Ii,. Strt"!lt!o :ol;;t11l'h,.. the qtlttl~ of AA instlllatio ul , Ihe ;,I'II1iai to complete lhe contnct 'Ifter a lapse of a In lhe reconn.n-~of . . . . . _
In T1!<:Onnoitering th" H~IUS of ""'lor",iotl.or WI':llhl'r situation. 1'11'.• 'Illd to ha"e dO/;(' Illi llOll fewdapl. M.ndpoint of rear romDlUPMwt_ . . .
e""fil)" air ~I""/l~th. it i~ e--enlial 10 ,,,like ,.-.de ..-ilh the aHacking force. ~);>.enrillis of f.'l'I>eral recolll1aiSSlltlce of slfTfIll'e litie.J (mililary) 1.':Ipl'd~. it . . . . . .
~nnai_nC1! of airfiehl~ ami to Inake .ueh dis· \\nen tfll'Olltwilerillg" lin \'ncm)" mechlni~ 11l"~'l'ti1 or u:tensi\"e rand area;; like inlo coll$id. OIlIlOiler ~UI'h in....II.tiOCll .. ...uro.d
IXliSiliQll$lhal the hme and mel hods of onr recon· fofl."\". earl~' disro..er,. i~ eslenlilll, .and fitting Ihf, I'ntion lhe purpoose of Ihe recoll".iS81ncc, lhe t)"pe ...iJrotld ~1.liolts.I_1 and., rommQpialtipel
nai*",uC1! a1l' un~''Mcttlali_l. It is necesAry 10
a..-.:eMain al lhis lime Ihe "'aIUS of l'l'pair\l 10 air·
fields. of ehan~ in number and kind of pla/ll'i!
lime. Illace. and orders for attack ll~ wllh Ihe ad.
jllccnl 10IlOgtllph~' and Ihe welliher 's pn"'~11oOllnl.
In rKOnnoitermg an,. t_'·I>6 of COllllnume..tiOll
of lllrj;:Cl, the wcalher. the formalion of lhe coasl.
line, the l>osition of flli~li"g airslrips. etc.
1,lallS Ihoroughl)' with reference to lhe aPlllieable
I., 5fallllioll~. iUlportaul eOllmnmicatiol! poima.
IlI!CIinfl: aiTfiehl~ .•nd ~'·et!lllle'nt and maD
ing N.bli,hmellU<. alld all OIner weak poinu
(paMicularh ,,-hether or nO! there are new models line. troop•• in ,oo,·emellt or IIgenci:s of traOSllOr. itemOl among the following poin... and Illocate 10 auaek. .\11 of til_should be ronsidPnd ip
of plalle;;). ~f Ihe collecting of .... rious kinds of laliOlI. if a fil time and llillce for ulten:"'l'liou Ill" Ili~ht personnel on the basis of dlClll: ll"CIion ...ilh Ihe ;,I..lf> of llll:' cnemy .ir arm
materia!!!, the S(renglhening of iliSlanltiot1$, aoo allack should be dctennined. il is ab&olllld,. nf(f,O, Reconnaissance limits a"d occa."iOl'. dIe e:o:iSif>I~ or 'lOlJe][i,lellce of li~lIer pw-.
of activilies of air defen!!e fOO'e$. san' 10 u,;e ClIutton in lhe method of IUlCk. Recorlllaissance method.,;. ahitude Ind ltUlllbo:-r alTtlll"~lJl(>nh .nd ;,talUS of ."'.\ inSiallal.iObll
e. R«O"Mi~"cr of XigA/ .li"""/d" \\nen cooperating in Ihe opl!flItioTlll of an air. of plallf!!!. "·ellher conditioll_.... T.ke care 1i1l1 all of Ib
In I'ft'OIInoitering nighl airfields il ~.--ary borne raiding paMy, it ill cuSIOInary 10 Ill:'rfona IlMic poinlll of the fllOOIIna.isNnce. conlrilJ\.ue 10 tbe lime of au~lr and to lhe <lecWi
10 a..-crcruin whedler or nO! II",re an' ellll'n,' air Ihe following dnties: lililizatioll of all fundamenl.ls of na'·'galioll. 011 I~ nlCthods,
f~ It th~ fields and endN.·or 10 perKl!'i\'"e Unile preparing for lhe ellgab~ment ,>un'e}' 1M Essellliats of operalion after Urge! disoo,·erJ. In lhe ree(ln'LI; 1')(0<1" of S1fl1tegie area!:! ....
I he indi<:at ions oft heir I..""fer. For t1JeSe reasons llCt'UlllllCy of the I.tge'. jumping and laRdi", ".rious point.. relalC'<! to n...igational aids. .re distalll. Illf' '<iuadroll leader ....ill make lhe
il ;,; ~nlial 10 !lUil Ihe lime of re<'QIlna~~ area". colllliliou of the e'lem}', esllO:'Cially h~ lir In tile !leI_on of the method of reoonna;""',)(O<I" II e:peci.lI)· ~ill1ple, .nd. t.king Ihe wellher
particularly 10 Ihe objectin. f~ AA equipment, 10pogflllJh)', weathtr con. of liurflCt! I.rget» or exlensi,'e land I~. con:;ider Mlion into COIl"ideflllioll....iIl dl'Cid,e lhe lime a
dilions., ell'. lhe Ifpe of targel. lhe 10pogn.pb~.. ti,e fonnalion openlion of Ihe reroon.issal\Ct'.
f. RU<Hltlaw...1Ia! fO,.,~ />Il"~ of/1tJtP"C'!f1io"
of the COflSllillf', Ihe position and Ilumber of Ihe
O,./""""t .lttod: While openling in the ellf,'''gemenl, rf!COIInoiter
i~l.nd·.. basic points. lhe wealher. elc. U.... pre. 7. The Esse,,/;'/s of '"telJigetKe Reports
'IDe !lQ.uadron commaooer ..-ill detemli~ Ihe the enem)··~ situation and ,,·ealher condiliOll.o.l im.
nUlion liO lI11tlhere .re.no pps in Ihe rtoOOllnai,.. Squ.dron leader< "'iIl l'JIamine illlelligel>C'f' I
_llIials corn:erning I~ ilel1l\l lil;led below for mediatel)' beforeh.and lind. 011 occasion, lei t i
sance and ul"nd its scope b)' flcilil.ling Ill.·iga.
inle"""p'ion or pursuit au~k in aooordanao wilh guides for the raiding IlIIrt)·. lion. I>or\.s immedi.lel" "llOll rea'ip' tI>ereof and. Jo.,i
the plan of dIe air di,·ision commander. and will .\fter Ihe jump and the landing, sun·e,' 1M no 0pPOMunil~', ,,·ill reponand ptiSlhem 011 tot.
In the reconnai;;$llnce of surface t.rgetll or eJ:.
1_ OIl tlli, a well U Ibe ime"""lllioll Ind pursuit irl1ere;,lC'<! colllllllnder. In Ihe cnminalion of i
auack plan!! of relat~ force to the f(on:es under
jUlllp sitnalion and reconnoiler the enCm)"b local lensi"e lllnd .reas. oonsider the gelll:'ral situation
tel1i~-e,lCf! fl>POns. til(' Klnadroll oomnLlnder ...
1ook000t Ilreeall1iOlllland Ihe aeli,·it}" of hi~ nlffhl· Ind Ihe degree of liglll or darkness. Pick.n op.-
air command: nized (OrftS in the targel area, etc. take into coll"ideflltlOn the ()I'(>aSion and melh,
portune hoor for IIII' reconnaissance. In lhe recon.
The _nlills of Ibe reconnaiSlncc Ind IlItml of recolUlai_,~ .nd ,,·iIl judge on the ,..Iidi!
During the return of the firs! seetion of lhe nai_nceof acti"e (i. e. mo,·ing) targels.altenlion
limi... of each ClIUI." and worth (of Ihe TellOrt. lie will $tIKI.· .lId co
raiding IlIrt)" and during theacth'ily of Ihesecond to an)' Ind all mo,·emellt ...ithiu lhe area is neoes.
The _ntill!! of the COOIll:'nlion of tach lir pare 0111 and ne"· intelligence dala and make ce
Illd !;Ilbseqnent lIOCtiOll5, $ul·\"ey the weatl"," and -1")'. Becau5ie of litis, it is necessaf)' firs!. 10 tr~'
brigade. lain of Ihe attUfllC~' of the illlcllig<>ncc. On tl
11,e _ntials of the COlleclion Ind trans'ni!liion
the stltus of enet'll)" planes in the operaling areas 10 jJerceil"!l the ~ilulIl ion lIS 10 the ellem,··s first anti
oe<:a>;;OIlS when Ihe exp'><'Il,,1 objecth'e cannot I
of those forces. lut night patrols and judg<> rheir direction before
of inlelligl!:nce.
llnding. met through illlelli~'enoc II hand. it is essoentialt
The ~ntial~ of the degrea of pl'I'llIralion Ind Ith'JIl1'1 10 gfll~l) the real situation b\" means I
dutie!!. 5. ReromlQissQ/ue of Lmdiflg Poin's alld When reconnoitering sllrface larf,~lS. I r,. 10 10- funh.·r ~nnai.'lSllI1{'f!. .
Ar",ugl!:IUl'nlll for signaill. SII,.fat:t! T argels CIte theeltemy warships in the dnyt iml'. The ,\Cf'd
In ""gil1lent~. "ueh thin~", liS baHle re>ults lin
All other ilems of importance. of n'~inr'lining sterec}· in yom· npproach. 'nore.
In the reconnaissllnce of l'll>dilt~ poinl$ it. ;1 rt·,ult~ of rtl'-'OtlI'aissanoc of ellcm.,· "ir ~I...,n~. .l
I tl the CIti6 of I'nl'm)' alllek~ Ihe ii<IUadro" com_ m·er, IS ab$olUlcl\" essenlial SO liS not to dri"lIltint
lhinf.'lI which art·e.......·ntilllto balllebtraleg.\· illlm,
",ander "'ill imtnl'lliately Jllltllue Ihe "'ai" e"em)' llsl.lallo rel~· 0" photogrllphs, not oul). (or la,ultng a~·Q.I". ~nuse of lhis, nlwa)'s insure liaison with dialcly Itfle"wlIl~1 will be reporlOO ill suecesi>io
fo~ and he ..-ill hn'·e ~I'nli ..... n"e C1Irried OUt I'0mtll on the COIISI but "Iso" hcn ro"side";ug tn· n'''ttllfl in fl'e II.,...a. B,· ,-e'ldying shadowiltg
of Ihe field to ,,·hich the ene",y i~ UI~ted to reo gagellletl\f! nf'el' tire lnndi,,/.:. Jt is ulso
10 Sun·lll' such Ihing!:! us lhe width "luI couto,m
"cc<_": pIQues as l"eqlti'"I'(1 yOlt will lose 110 Opp(lI"lunily.
witltollt w"iting to complete 1I11 exa,"inalion 0
make 'I fnll ""porL Muke 'I colllplete report 0
lUfll 10 dlri')' the coudilion of the eucmi~ re. 11""11 tl'lief planC!l ;n the lIir, 01· cnleult.tll lito I'ne.
lurn. The l'ro·oottle limilll of reconu.iSll auce will of the landing point, espedllll}' wl",tlter or ,WI ~llI' ?"J·'a position for tlte following dllwn oJ' deternlilt-
this lind 8118ch it to int<:lligellee gathered o"er
to..... , I . . . 'b,It· 1~·,·1tlin lll'dod of time.
be "II orde>'t'<l by lhe "ir division commander. . ,·_grap I)" lS slllt"l>le fOI·l"O"el·, ,,,,tl the p~' t ",,, hill
Ill"
I
cou'-se. nil( sp..ed nt Sltnsct. or 11·,uISfel' lh..
t,1'!! for a COttllllu"ientioll net. At this t"n6 th I)e~pitll the f'lel that r<:llOrts and di~pnlehl!!l ar
IlldOwing to a tl'lilled a,r foree.
RESTRICTED
". 109
",ade from plnnes. inunedi"tel)" upon lllnding ,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R...IIlT.D..
, IlESTRICI'ED JAP INTEL Edtlbll C JAP INTEL bhibil C
4. ReuJlln"iJSil/lu 0/ L6nd CoruJitio,u
,,3•
I.,; n~,«.... ar~· 10 a"C<"rt8i" lh6 IOCllioll of cllenl)" oe<:lI.iotl 'lHd melhods for th8 neonnI.~
1,laniS brelld~n"orillg "I ,his lillle to di:ll'O"cr par. 6. aft, _I'M:O"~
lkul.rl)" li~I.ls which the C'WIIl" hi, coIl<.'fJ<lINI,
d. lluonlltli.'iJI>« o/IA~ S,al .... oj Ilt~lomli(Jf\ 01
In the =o"n.i"-,,,,"~e of hlml ool1ditio,UI it
-""Iinl 10 hR'·e Ihe lim" of Iltlllt"k, I'IB~",
ord~1'S fil the ronditioll of th~ tllr.,-et, the .lIjaeft>!
.n: 5hollld be formuhtle<l.
&'\:11'<:)' of 1'1""s must be m.im.ined and beet_
of thi~, if more lh.n one Oight is ~lli~, it ia ee-
S",o;" ., . . . (:._. .
U- _ PoIiIiuI(.....,)
" f;""my .Jjt Stf'tlt914 tOllogral'h}·, the _lnlu~ of AA IlIHIIIBtio nll, tbe ..elll ial to cOIllplete the COIllaet .Iler • I.poe of a In tl» ""-">IUl uf~_,,-
lu """""lIoilerinl: the .I"tus of re>./Onl'ion of weather si~",uion, etc.. 1",1 to) ha'·e cloee lili few d",·s. ~andPOlllt of _. ...........
enl'''U)' .,r .In'''!,lth. 11 ii ~~lIlill to make ... ide ,..ilb Ihe .11.ekinlt foree. """ E"",entillls of genenll re<:onllai.-,>Ce of sllrf~ 1>1ica.1 (nulillry) Upod.....,..lt. _ _ 101_
ne<::'OIm.i U<"e of .irlields I"d 10 ",.Ire slIl:h di,- When re<'O,nnoilerin.g 'Ill e.llemy meehauiJe<i hH~""1iI or e:rlellljin~ I.nd ..... like illto «Illlld. OllllOner _h iruc.llaI_ .. raiIftlI.d . . . .
J1'O<'itiolls thaI Ihe till" .IId mctbods of our rKOII· foree. ""rly dl!1OO,·ery 18 _ntlal, .• nd fitting tbe erat ion ~he IHlrllll<'.e of the re('Onn.issanoe, lhe lype radrua.d >t.t I........ , . . ud . , _ _ n"__ "
".~""" .'" ull.ptemlli-t, I~ is n«eillllry 10 lime, I'll"".•nd onlenl for .".ek
>t1 wllh tlte ad. of lnll!el, the weather. lhe fOl1lll1iOll of the COI.5I_ 1I.lbliM,. ''''J>(If1am "'-111II:1II>00 ........ _
1sc.l'Ili" at lh~ li",e Ihe "..111$ of rep.illllo lir- j.""111 lopograph.,· .nd lhe "'''''lher is pnra"lOttnt lille, lhe. posilion of existiug .i""OI& ete. L.y ...... ,bjl,' .irfiol.l-. Ind ! E " - 1Dd_1tfww
1i@1<b, of chln~~ in uu"'~r and kind of pll""" In _noitering any tn>e of rornmunicati"; I,l.ns Ihoroughly with n'ferellOl' 10 lhe .pplica.bk in, ...ah!i..n-nto. ud aU other __ poiII&a-,
(.-ni<:\llarh ,,'hether or IlO)( lhere In' ...... model; Ii"", IrooP'S in U>OH'ment or IIgencie! of IransflOr. ;lenlS .mong the follo..i"g point,; and alloo:ale 10alIadL .\lIofthf"eoloooaldbe~lJl""
of plautlI), ~f lhe roil_iug of nrious kill<ls of t.lioo, if. fil til"e. Ind plare for inten,el>lion or flight l>er!lOllnel on Ihe '-sis of Ihem: "'>CIioIl ,,;,11 ll>e >Aale of IJ.. ....., IIr arm MOl
IIl1ler'Ir", tbe "'",ngtheuing of ilblailitions, Inti attack ..hOldd be detennillN1. it i5 abeolulelJ n_. ~llna,-n"" limittl .nd oco:a.<ioo. tbe U-lSI_ or _a....- of qt,-_ plaam. doe
of aclint.iell of .ir defense fon:es. ;;try 10 u;;e C1Iution in the. tnethooJ of .Uack. UecOIlll.ilIlaJlOl' melhoob .ltitude Ind numhtr I",,~" IDd ".1.. of A-\ -..Jw-. ...

eo R~ .. JttJiUflft« 0/,rig4! .li-*/dA When I'OOperaling in the 0l>enllion. of .11 ait_ of pllne;\. ...eat'" ~Jt_ Tab 1:1;", thai all of . . .
Uuk points of the nconna~. roIIlnbute 10 tIw 1;- of and o.nd ~liIo ~
In n'COOnoituing nighl lir&olds il is ~ry bome raidillg party, il is n~OInal')' 10 perfo..
t;tiliUltion of.lI fundamenl. of nlripohtJIL 011 tile -.boda.
to ",-"""nain ..-hether Or n<JI lhen' a", e'leI>l" air the follo..-ing dUlies: In tJMo _ _ of "'1..... _ .Ioicl
foro:a- at 1"- fields a"d endenor 10 pe~i1"e "--ntilL. of <>pft1Ition after ... ~ <fuoronry,
While l'l'I'.-ring for the enJ"..gernent ~ur"eJ II» are dutlal. 1_;qaJn:- ..-ill.-b' tbe D-
tbe i"dK'luOIU of their lral\>.fer. For t t - n'ti:lIlS \-ariollS!>oint> ""bINI 10 naripliooal .im..
""",upa""}' ?~ Ihe la~, jumping .nd I.ndi"{ I"" ... pecially .......' aad. Iabu,: lhe . .tlrot ....
it i>l e!l!!e>lial to ,;oit tbe unlll! of n'COOnaistra In Ihe seleetOl' of the _bod of reronna~
I~ eond,t,OII of lhe enerny, especi.lly h~ air ...... iuto -'denolioa. ..-ill ........ <he Ii.- and
of ""due I.~ or utensin land lrea... . C<IU!i<!er
partinllarly 10 lhe objecti1"e.
f. R"co..lt(l;#<I~lor t4t Pwt/'OU ol11tltruptw.
foroe. A..\ fIluil»DeDt, tOI><>graphy, "'Mther ((In.
ditions, etc.
tl>e IJI>e of I.rget, d>e topography. the fonllrllion openou. of t'" _ .. ~.

of lloe <.'OI.S1hr>f', Ille J"'SiliOll and I>WIlber of the

Ot PwTNit .1 tt.". While openlting in the ellglt;@melll,n'oOOnnoiler i.l.nd·. bto-.>e points. the ..-toIther. w:. U... .-..
n... <qlladron """"nandu ..ill dtielTl\ine lbe lhe ertem}·'. situilion .nd ",·ealher oondiliOll.~ im. l:I;U1iOl'5O IIlal lhen: Ill'e. 110 gsp!! in the """""",I.~
eMmi.15 ('(l(Jftrtling the ile".. li...N! belo.. for n~ialely beforehand .nd, On ocatsion, .ct u salKlll .nd extend its (Ill)pe b~' bciltllU"I nal"l~­
intereeptiOfl or I>lu'suit Illack in acrordll"Ol'll! ..itb gun"'" for the raiding I)lM}'. lion.
Ibe 1,Ian of the air di1"iiion <:onlnllndtr••nd lIrill .•Hle~ lhe jump Ind the l.nding, 5un'ey tl» In lhe reomnailllano:e of SUrfl"" I~ or eJ
pa;;, on th' as ...el I I. lhe interef'l'tion .1>11 pursuit Jump .>tuilion and reoonnoiler tJlI~ enemy's local lellsi,.., 1.1>11 al'l'ti. oonsidu lbe !!W"",I ...t... tJon
.ttack pl.M of l'I'lalN! f~ to the f _ urtd..r ~OUt p~nliOlI!.nd the .cti,·il,. of hi~ m«hl' .nd Ihe de@1"Hoflighl or dlrkne!l<. Pock an 0(>-
.ir COIIunand: !>ortune hour for lloe ret'Ollllli_ooe. In the reron·
IUud fon:es ill the tlrget lrea, etc•
. 'J:'1e _uli.li of dill! '1eeonnaisa/Xe .lId patrol
During lhe ""urn of tloe fil'!l1 8eClion of 1M
n.i_neeof Ictin (i. e. morillg) 11rget.. aUerll>OII
hmn.. of Meh Chut.i. 10 .ny .nd all mo,..,mellL lIritrun In.. ,,~
raiding party and during the.rti ,·il,. of Ihe l!f«IIld
~ _mi.1s of Ihe rooll'!'ration of eadt .ir St.1').. BecI.UiOe of Ihi... it is . - r y ~rst lolry
brigade. .1>11 SUbsequent !!ections, sllr'·e~· tit; "'ellther Ipd 10 l>erfti,'~ the .iluation lI!l to tlleenem~" 6rst and
'1oe _ll1i.l~ of Ihe rolltdl6ll .nd lrall$rllise;i,.,u lhe st.tllS of ene",,- plalll'll in tloe ol>eraling area! IlSlllighl\}llrol••nd judge lheir directlOfl before
of intelli~ren"". of lhose fotee!!.
1.llding. 10
~e ~ntill of the degree of l'",paralion Ind When ~llnoilering surface l.ri!"l.•• lry 10 .
duues. 5, RetonnlliSlllllre 0/ Lmdillg Poilltllllld ClI,e the enem~· ...""hip!! In the da~'1 ime. 110e TlI'td
,\rrallgt':IIlenUl for lign.ls. Sur/lite T "rgels of lIlainlailling see"""}· in your al'Proa.f: n'r;
All other ilentll of import."ce. o,.cr i. abllOluteh· """",nlid5O as 110110 \.n\·e ul>
III Ihe ealle of ~nemy a't.ek~ Ihe ti<Juadron eon • In lite re<:onnai!!Slln<:e of 1.1ldiul1 l>oill18 il i, , " __ • 'I ,1,·,- al\\-1V5 insul'O' \>II!IOn ...,th
away Dl"'o"I1 ~ d -
mander ....ill ill~mediRlely pUriue the III.i" ene,n~. US~'.110 rei.,· OIl phOlOgnlphs, not ollh. fot lallllill~ .'.

foree and he WIll .ha,·e "'<:OlInli_nOl' carried OU' l"'lh18 Oil lhe roast but .1..., ,,-hell co;,sidcl·illg tIl· lIiltc~lt~l~I,:~=::OII ~~ll =Yli:\I~::rt::;:~.
of Ihe field 1.0 ...·Iudl lhe ell~lIly i~ UI>e<:led 10 reo l(1/{"mems ~ her lite I""di IIg. 1t is .1110 Ile<:lolt"""· ]> ,mei} '.
IIn,·e ".Ii~r pllllle!! in Ihe air, orCll
lcolate Ihe tn',
d .
lun, I? d.r,f}· the oo~lIl.ili(>n of Ihe enemy's ~_ 10 su'....e.\· such thillgs as the width snd contOIlr.! . , dRwn bv Menn"'-
ofthelan<lill'·· , ""·"I>O"itioll fonlle f 011 ow,n . 1 ,I"
tun,. n,e pre·bllltle IImlls.of _oll"ai;tjRl'<:e will I""llt. el!1>ec'nll,. wltethel· 01· ll(~ I >l' I t n~t Orlnll",rr ~
10POgl1l"It,. i. ., b' . . .,.,. iug his Cf>,""il!> ,,"1 ~I>eeI." ~u ,
be a~ ordered by lhe .ir d"·i.i,.,,, oom'''lnder. • • SOl a e for oo'-e" nnd lhe 1"'81" >II· .ltndowillg 10 II relnted aIr force.
tlell fur a oolllnlllniclIlion nel. ' At this liml' lila
RESTRICTED
1,.
 JAP INTEL EdIlb6c t

,,..
•
RESTRJCl'ED

d..,..k,~1 .... pon "ill I,.. ",~d~.I" "hid, "ill bf' 01)'
IlI'n,I,~1 ."""nur)'. -l"'troI5, etc.. ll"d "II m'Ulner of p~I~,mtj"ll i..-
,,,tial so thllt ,h_ eharnl·ter'~hCII CI, ~
....
JAY INTEL bhibil C

Rd.-nll'''j,'l', il is lll'l._r)' for. reli.blt t:lami"••

lion to llfl m"de b)' thescllior air commander or lhe
The.....u__ of ":;:::~
m.... i<Ja 01 it ill I'IIIar w=

.
R

,,~ 1'10,'", i. i,nponont ... Iue i" Ioeari,,~ th~ .clllol

.~"nt~ uf the n,~ht pe"'OIIn.. 1. ."d for Ihi! ~a·
hi"dran~.
When ~n'illg ellelll)" intelligence, dHIiCIII '
of idenlificallon Oil our 1''' ,
. n are USUR I R'HI ,~...... _til,
ntili~il\g fortf'.
When ",,*,"blillg intellig<lllct I.ken bv llUrf~
AA oto;ernlioll .gt'llcie.; o,·tT. cert.in Period
ried 011 aimult.--.,. k
o,raiDIC dtl.,. in tnn-WMe .:-C
. ..
-V'
II
...... tht '"lu,,,I .....n ro"lmUlHltr "ill eli_IOItch ,he
"f 1hi~. t he rnl.e$ \"tJllCt'rn ,ng act "" flyinJ.t &1,,1 idfD.
of Sq.drun inlelli~ ~ . . . . . .
'0
l1i~hl '.... l'()un..1 the ....1.lel! CQI",,;.ndtr••c·
li/jetti"" by .,r force COl",,,,,ntlel'!l Ind Iltl""
time, ~·ou c,m utilize the i"ttlligt~ ...hich "-.. milled imn..dialely.
rord"l~ 10 circm''''t"n<'l'l>. .. h.. n- 11"'1- CIOn "lllke a ..at"e lM'rlsini"g to enem~' actirily.
,hrl'Ct .... IJorl. - ,deltlifiCtl,ion of 1,lalltl! m".1 be Iitrictl.l' oo.n It1td.
In onlerlo pl.n thequiekdtl;'·try of int..lligence 4. I'IIIroJ,
I" "niH 10 ua",i"t i",~lhj..."nce ",pOri•• tI... Illd i"for",.tiOl' on .11 )l\O"elllenUllllll,;t be ...::
it ;" ntt:eS>lllrr to not prtCaulio" ...htn dep..ndi.., Polro\,;. ,n tht- maill" aft ~ . . . . .
on to rell,ed illl ..Uigt"lal agcneitll.
""I"a<1 ....." romma"d"r "'ill ron_id"r ,he timt of lhe "'_'y pl.~ .nd -hip" ..i1irlt aft ..... :i_IJ
mul1i~..n<'t ."d Illt'lhotl of Ihe inlelli~""" ob-
tamed b~' N<"h ""I1l.dron. or ..-ill li.t..n 10 direct
Btcou..'-e palrol, and .ir-borne "'-n·.lion
"llllle.,"rgep.rlofo"rfighlin~lilren"'h" C'On.
,,-, elllUII
01' liaison other ,h.n inlellib"tnct li.i!;on or IIltlh-
od~ othtr IhAn roIlllllll"icaliOll imelligtnoee••"d In R1bu!J1 or 110.1;-' _era. ud _ . -
,,'hfn u._ing Iheo;e. he ""rdul ..-hfn ulili~i,,1t niplt "nit_ .n,1 hooal"y IMJIIlbtr unlu aft - " I ...-.
""llOTt., of flight lJer-;onntl. Or ... ill enmiM aeri.1 guard ogail1Sl .bu.~ of IIM'm. :\lot'l'On·r, ..... _,blf for lhom. Whrn _ ............ ocllIr
pOOc~""pb .nd ... ill judl-oe lhoe degre.- of reli.- 11O~· ;;Iriel .llent iOlllo t ht !M't:T'tC). of OIlr pllns. Illllll: lM'riotl,; or p..riod".- of roInmunication quit!:.
fOtft!llal..., joill m.
billl~·. ~,Il,.. he ..-ill roll""l .nd toIl'pare Ul'?" Ihe disco'·ery of I.he enem~', .ireTllfl I!'. j. S~4r&b by1UJ4r The -'luadTIID ~ndtr< ... iD ~ lhe os-
tI, .nd lilt> mt..Jlic-..,.... of related pe"""'" and ;;pon;;lble f"r pcltrol Or aen.l obser,·.tion ... ill ' lire .juw_ioII "'" the ~ tJf ~11 oluu.l
TIlt importlnt lIoim~. in gtntnl...... Ibt!llmt U
j~"t il .1I1~"tIher. lbe I~ of .I_ific orde"", .1)llruaeh the en::,." illltlhgtD<"l' ..""" ....rryn.. out paIn'" ~
in _\..\ ob,e..... liOll.
.nd aEftn.io dearl)" his .cti,'il)'. 1
Stard, b~' rad.r if< rolldl>ctfd by !he .ir inlelli· t'lM'OIIy .trenfl ....L j~' tbe .11I1....,
...t
III. SURVElUA.'l"CE OF ENEMY ~""'lal regimenl _urily llII.uadroo. (')OIr<ol' c,f the _ Y II""'" upo<"tfd. II.y - de-
2. M OhUrl·,,/iOM t....i.... lia _ 1 ..10""" 1_, f the po.In"- .....
INTElliGENCE The SfC"tit~· !lfJ.u.dron ((J(Ilprne..1ht bar-kbone
_\.\ ~rT.liOll ~ ear'"!ed OUI b.)' • nel",on of of die inttUigtnce tltt of lit<' .ir i",.. lli~ Ttfi- I_ially tbP 110"",1 I"....... aatl -........ aadord
I. IIfJrQ</uc-tio" systemalte obst..... I'on bu,1l on the lir illl.. Uigfta .Iull.... u_ of ~""' and 1;- anti ~ • f .....
"'t"l, .nd ..-hil.. il is re;;pon5ihle fur lbe 'lIlT..il.
TIlt> .im of tI~ .un·eilla~ of enml\" int.. lIi- ~lDI'lI1, imtlligeno:ot 9qu.dnlll, .nd .\~\ oboltlTll' I.IM."W! of enemy i"lellige~ hy mta.Il!i of _reb IlOI1-.nd di 1_""""" IIIl'"t~,~. JIOl"~ pbJIt'o
I!'"~ i_ lbe su .... t,.in~.nd _rdli~ 0111 ~f f1lftn)· .."" agencies for Illlion.1 defense••nd is per. rad.r. il rooperate.; dirtelly in lbe en~'"ftllt<llSof ...i.Il inlaind ~' f -nnu. b.u-.
beI _ tho- &..IJ aDd IiIe paiN .,...... Ute .....
..,unt~·. T~hff ..ilb ulili.ung lhe re;;uhs of
....try fo~. and "'1_iall,. Ihe .ir f~. to II...
be;<t. opponunil~ ....... can ~ Ih.. i.t.~ of re·
,-
fonned Iotalty by .ir RC!or f~ .nd .ir deftll!t

. ~ printi,,"1 melhod,; .re 1.1)' lookouls aud

the lir f01"C'l' ...ilh required ptr.;Olllltll5 lhe OI:C:I •

,_.
trion df1nllllk When t _ r y il 1fofI<b lbe .,r
laled f _ the def""..., f._.nd I
.id fO'l"l!- Inf'.....I_ "bu.,nod f
' pl-
nlaro-d
f _ ... i.Ilht~_ ......itable.- _\Dof
eon'!.l._no:e .nd ~rd;ng. TI _rehi"g OUI !l;,t..lllng po;;!$. Sureh r:odlr makes J'lO"'ibie Iht picki,,\! lip of Ihtoe th~.rt ........-ry ,. fotil"l1~ dte tarry.
In: ;;aku. ,...... -J'uI~" deru] vf tllot1ll,· 1IKl1"t"- .Idtntificol?' of .i~nfl ill in the ",.i" quilt lIlt ... ItTO ....ilh cert.inl ...I)!Tftt ~ 05 .....11
menu.' II... deo;i~"I'OI' for tit<' ill"·.. ili..""" of dlllicult, bm ~u ]Indite it i~ 'I«essary 10 infOlW as 11M! .bilil~· to iu~ hi. dirtClion .ntl d,,,uDo<t'. ;ll~ "'" of pa, ......
I'.II'M .nU- _ y ........,h aft dte . . - II
enemy i"'eJli~ b~ u;.e of ..Ieo:tric ....ming .\.-\ ~I'TlII'OI' ~tei" of .dh·il)- b)' a"y air AlSO) it is linle .ll'octed br ..-e.ther I'htnomena- ~ ......... of....-f_ <arr"!'"
dencea. f~ In accordance ..ilh the rules for im.. lligmct En.n Ihou!!" ,he..... re IlOi""" "f adn"llge be""""" ,,'"btu <hadu"iD$!' lit _ y ',........ Wrh - .
:"u....till.~ of ..,ltn'r int..llig..~ deptflds OIl dutIeS as delenllined h)· lbe ~Ilior commlndtr of df.d spaM!. fi"td retleo<tion. aPtl iniUllllml'ul,.
I".'>#·n---.... it 1_ .....,,1. 10 .~ hi-. and. - -
.\..\ ob;;tn...llOO. _reh by ndor.llO,rulsc..nd .ir_ ~ the <'Ith.... ha"d, because of the 1If!Cn!C)' of "I~ ff'f1eo<tion. 111tff' .re .reas ..-1M!re _reh is ,m~ o~er. ,_..." _ru,.in I'" ~ tJf u.. 1 -
borne ol-n...lioll. tie. .\.\ ~lT.lion ill en. ,hIS ~DnOi ~ passed 01' 10 lIlt Ill""t di;;tlllt ob- ~lbl .. or ditliCtllt. Do"'.ge'o lllt<'hanieal equip. of '......r .....n 1'1...... 1"" .!t0lll! ... ilh II.. Iodine "f
I"bled 10 tllt .ir illl..llill"'1('t regimelll oboen·.- """"'''on fXM$. "'f111 i~ ra;;ih- inflicted bS ..ntIll,· .Itlcn )!Oft-- ~-oo"n-l!O"'ili ~_...c i..s,..,lot-y··I"" t - .
"OIl l"Iu.d~•• nd to Ih.. lir Ht:lor fo~. Search 11"" :\.-\ ob;;en·.liOll net .~lIl]l.nies chonltoN in
is
(" ...r, tlM'TI! Ihe di9.d .... n1.~ ~f be;,,!! unoblt to ""rtllJ!1h , _ , and J'KiaU,. Ihr UPI ......
b)' rauar , ,,"tl"llJ;led 10 illielligtnoee regiment OIIeTllI.lUIlS, Io;;ing no OllllOrtunity. It~ 1(1.',_ Ii:< .et:Dralely tit<' entlll~·· ••lli,u'" .ntI S1renglh, nf tI.. f"...... .\nd ""'...... f~ 11 1"'rUn'
_ n-h ndar .oquadroll. 1'.troI5.re ui,-idtd illiO
.nd ~tsposition Ire re,·i;;ed 1lO .~ 10 .....pond to fie. I~'''''' (If f'lC"lIM'-_· Re flll to br
~n.,n .'r .rea, or _ .~ ."d hl'·e Ihe mtan. AA "',.,.n...lim\, b~' nd.r_rcl, ~i1"tr(\flJMltI­ ,.nn ill ~ the ..-~'- Uo<o1>1, ,.--......
.".1" sltultion innnedi.teir. Op...... tio".J eho"~",," ...ral~ il~ .bilil\' 10 1 - "" i"lellij..... tM~ .. ,til
"'II of ··Iook"'g (11'1- for the "1)lleIranCO! of .ir. ,he" , .mu... be I• k en"llllo ~V1's"l"nllio". I"d .. ""'I" l'.n ..... latl~ 'lrirl pall'Ol.tun.l!' II...... OJ>-
\llmOOI I'lll';elil~': Fur Ihot reas<H'. wnn"."''''"'''
It 1lt
erafl or ,·_Ill.
_".t,.llo hsre fluid p"'l'"ntiollS. ~nl""'- .",11'\.01 I"" 1)O'o'tl<'ll .. 1.( ~ ....r ""Ill,lane:
:\ ir·bon't u~n'I' iOll is ptillcip.ll)" earried "Ul It IS ",u,,1 for ,\ ,\ O"",,''''allun
,-__. "ge"CIe! . to.lU , ann will ,h'ei,l~ 01'. ","I hod .".1 ..-ill r,trl"", _nmum· Whtll _1 1.,.. in!! all _ 1 f.,...., ",...... h.'d~
,,'t,r e"..mt .,melda .nd is the de;;il:".I;m, "f elllion liM;l'iOll RpI'l'Ol'rial.. to ,he COI,(liIKl'L- 01 Iftcr ,li...~" n· ,.b ..-. bi-i- 11... ~,,...,,~ .• COlI"""
or "'lIOn oollet:t~·'· II· . .
.cl'ou ..-Illrh .".......}'$ Ihe ntO,·tln"llt" of ene",' bI " "" "'te 'gence"~ q,,'ckl)' as J)(l<!l!oI. atlnRI itlt",n;ll"n~co",,,mnitalion,, EsI)pcl.ll~·'~ ."d ~1_1 .,.d jll.IFt Ill_ II"IIC'I_'.-d ,.....'1"...' .h....
_ ,~.hu}. the l'el"lOll~ibili,y"" .111>-<:' 01 ,in". 11 ,_ "_,,.110 ,.g""", r.pu~-.I ''',;"
pl.net! a"d ' e tu I 'e "lIe,"","\ en" Ol" , '
'" "ted ~"OUl",.,](J~Ml .'IIl. it "e<.-'('~T\' ,hilt ,,,, time be 10;.1. On thl"<K-<;·.",,,n.
~ "e.,r ,
exeel'l or CI!!el I
rert)"".'...... 'lCe ,"<I".dn)l\ lK>mber OO\""'.,,,l. lsile..! . - .... '''re Ihere nl."speci~1 orden, de- logd Iwr ".;1 h ,he ul il'7.11,ion of elf<'tric ..-.a ,...... Ih"re n"e,milt"n,I~·- A' ,IIi_ tI"... "1,,, '''': ehem) §
i" th.. ~"r"rJlll"l'" of """"'y illlelligN i' Ill,e~I~·mIHRI'U" is IIUl ll'er{or",~~l. i! thc ability ,0 Jls,;,;; On 'nu,.11i~uce "."11 ".t"lO>t ""Ui""<' .".1 ;;1-1 ,.ree,...I)· ••Utl 0\1> '" """II •
al.,,(,lu!<·I}·
., ,,~ .. ry to roll~i,ler
. Ihe "'_,~, ,""
"".-It'n· . ,genre ~"OJ1IlCI~~1 b)' AA obsl:!,,'-lItio" Rgl·"· "IX""! loy l11ell"S of cxlT'ftor<hnory mtelhj.....nce "'") R' "Ol 10 d,...1..... ~-""r 0"''' _1..oo n'l; 1'1."".
B~I\"r'~I'l",," ,\.\ "'..... r'·."ol1. o_~'I, I I t'es
f 0 ten '"I!~s" It .n,,, Ju,,,bJe
. of ,,,;ti"il)' ~y .,r'
"""" 'Y""",·. Ort:es, "nd!lU, in ur,ler to ""'" this i"for",,,lioll tQ • "1'll "b'l!l1lcnts. 1\ESTRlCTEO
RE$TRlcrliD

"' "'
 RESTRICTED }AP INTEL E_L'L'
....'Ull C
}AP JNTEL Exhibit C

Cousider 511~h thiu~"lI as the weather conditions of with its dllties a, a foundatio ll , n',,1 jUllge "",Ilials of e:ll\mintltion are Ihe,colioctioll of.dllla and reports of Ih. ('OIlditioD of....a.:
'1~1l Rl~mllllt, I.'SI>e<:iall)' t he d~~I't-'" <if I'isibilit,\·' the ""'Iltlter aCCtJrdingly. &'c""se of tltis he the IIll'lleS of weather, and wlll1 these .;lnhshes t<'IJOM Ihe wind di/'lldion and speed
· .. 'hlliot
dll"",oon ..",1 heil;ht or the ~1I" ~l\<1 rOllr OP"'I'" '''''''ey tlte we,ll Iter con< III Ions III the "icillil)' on
w Pl a '"d,to ,, "tl\SI'
, lhe specilll ' ehatncteristiC$ of partiClllu altitmll'ti. 8eaideil beillf"
tiollal li",ib. It is \.'S>'('utial to sha,iow from" ,he oh,'eeti,'e lIS well lIS "long the ucce.;,,;at.y .1 weathet ~ml Judge the "arlous tn>ell. to the aclilO"" of HiI' fo/'Cf8, 0 - repoltllan
,I I tOllte I
s.rest ~istanee and 1\ hil;h altillule. This is ('Spe· ill ordl']' to corTI' out" ""1\, t follows tlt"t tIe'fhe I'$Selltials of ''''llOrtlllg '1 Kl~ ' to1 e>tau'I~ I1 a Cillllj' helpful ill judging the w..ther
eloll~' m1l1011"nt "gail'SI 'u, ene",y ~triking force ill ea><'S' .lhe wellt I
",ltel1l lei'' b
IS d" he CllII tllm e"cn
to lllmlluic"tioll chain with each force alld to enrr)' Weather fot<!C""ts are dividNi according to
which is using plo"e$. • a,h"u,tll"''1l a good fore<:ast of Chllllb"" 01' 1156 ad".'I. eo l thllllccurate IIlHI rapid pllssiull on of illforma- lellgth of thed""il'l!<lsJlaceoftime,81~
'"~ll5h' the locnl went her. 7~n as well as to conduct the transmission of time ea~tIl (olle dal' flOr e.1ll"'ple), Or long·term J
5. Airborne Obser"lItiorJ III ",e~t"cr estimlltes
"
of llir fOrCIl corum, d
n ell; and weather 1'illlOl1.s ace"rHtd~' and at the proller (se"er"l days) and ,.-atnillll foreo:til&
O,'nel1lll'>iilent iols ,,,.., th~ ,ome as in l'"rugrol'h yun "~~'St add 10 the Cl(l~l't Judgnlllllt of weather In 61"1,1-tcrm foreca.l~. need. fro", a stntIIiB
.J (alx,,"e). time•
allen~,~s your OWII dutIes, !he ene",y situatinll, In ,,-,sembling wellther illtelligellC6, be>ides de. IlOi"t or "iew mllst he considered, and lI>IuaUy the
In oroer to ean.,· <l1It .....ri"1 oh""r","ion, the C<llU!ltlOll of forces Ilnde.,· you]' cOI,mnanl!, ele.. fn, pending Oil weather o!Jse,,:ulion, weather rellO~tIl aTl'& relJuired is w"idfld illl.O al'propriue limitll.
r«onnai""ance unit connuOllder must oollsider the thcre '" n"IIJI:"I1~' a difference III forecllst!! hI' of adjacent wellth('I' Ilge'16l<lS, wealhe.r teCOlHlalr: llellOrt d .... r1l' i" accordallce ",ith the appropri_
puqlOO<l in"oh'ed and ,,·m tlsuolh' indieate the air. llemsofthefollowing li~t and ,,-ilh a ,'iewlosub8&-
"'eat her "b'Cncles. • 5<",ce and "p" t'ellOrts, etc., KllS('mble II b}' e::tallll'
fiel~ 10 be slI1'\"eyl.'d, nlld eithel:the time or time . ,.\ir foro:s (planes~ "dlllnnoune~ Ilef'lherC<lll' quem challj.'l!S: WcallK'r. telllilernture, wi",..pIlfd.
lIation and \I'tilizlltion of wellther Stali.lies. For
llenod for Ihe l"OC<>nnaisson<:l!, and will lelll'e the dUlong wh,le operat"'g unless Ihelll 111'0 spec'.1 I'isibilit,-, cloud~, f"f{.. rain, el(octrie .1"mlS, dlllt,
this rellson, besides l'ill)'illg Oil weather ~b",nci('S
"ece$SOry squad,..,n ehorS""l with the resp<msibilit)', d".t Slorms, icing. ete., at the suitable lime, as
otllers, aud will pass wcalher Inforlllallon on tn (weather lIuits ,,,,d special weather allellclI~) nnd
In eases where airfields are to be sUl"~"etl he r~I"Ie<I.ir fOl'CeS. morning. aftetnoon, e"elling, (.nd ""'njng di,'idfd
air intelligence forces, if thll oceasioll demands,
mUSt con~ider the obj""t <of Ihe l-e<X>nll"issa",~ ~ud into 1')1 alld _UI) d....", du.k. ete.
IIll,'e the welltlter sitnalinn o,'er tin, elleln)' nrea
tl.,e. S~nt"5 of the n",il'it~, of tight"r I'lan(OS in the 2, 117ell/her DII/iu In lo"g.tenn forecasts rel"'M.~ ill the foregoinlt'
sun'e)'",1 by I-el:Onll"i,..;HIlee IInil., Ass<',nhle and
'·l~llllt.l' of the air6eld liS weHas thll genet1t1 silli' '/I"d jml",,,, the gelleral trend of ,,·....thtr cha~ges
at'on of theene",,'. And it is _"liat for him to
Coneel'ning wcather duties, see lhe Weatl,~ put in Ol~ler c"r''illlt weather ~I"t" eol1ect~ bY,the
Tmillillg .\lallnal. ill "ddition to this se<:tion. r I\ir fon'l.'S ,,"d rut it to ptaclIe,,1 """. It " e"",n· (or eacb of the lle"et1ll d".1'''' '/lud where IlO»Slble,
d.eeide "pOll the target, thll t>SSC"ti"ls of the opel'll' judge Ihe changes for that ",,,,,k.
The essential;; of "'ealhel' dillies al'e the "sse ' tial to Pllt weal her (l"ta of the clwmy Ill'illl to
110n, lite time and method of reporting, and
bli"g and putting in order' of d"tn OU the ncto~1 praclical use, and with a chali of Ihe actuel In eI.8eS where \"00 mu.l judge lhe origin of
rellOrtS.
weather ,i1\,ati"" "t the lime "f ad",,"ee "nd Il phenomeua wbicb i,a'..... n inll"'M"m i"llu.n"" on
weather conditious in the de:,i"l'd a"ell in IlS sho"
IV. WEATHER 'UI'I'C.\' of thc oon<lilion ill the enem)' .,.",a n5 a
.lrntegic "lletlltinlls. such b ",. . II'>'. sno'" ~IO"'':''.
a time as possible, depending On aeen""te weather
b"si", judge the ~itll8t iUIl l'a''ef"lIy ,,"d br earefnl ri"er f1{){}(b. f""",inll of I,lalll'>'. de""" fog. eloctrlc
I. /mrodlJuioll ~ITlltions and llC(;urale lInd rapid ''ilporting. Sl.Orlll~, d""l, ""d the like, send out "'at1lill/r' 10
1.he results of unintel'I'upt...:1 sludy and oboona. 1I0t I 0 he d....."i,·1.'d b~' the enelll)". . .
There is a "err cl<lSe relation betw""" Ihe "'e"ther inlelligen", i. t.... Il'IIl1UI.'d llla",I~' by ""et)' unil in ample time. In "'.... ther br,o-dca~IS,
,,:eather and the ami"ities of "etiailla"igtltion "nd !lon o"er a long period are best. AClual weather plan .pe....1alld simplicity in ~nlUm~l1ons ...nb
.for""".ts .o"er II loug period a,-e {l g',-eat assistance weat her I1lI'0rlS Or weolher ehu,1s "n<l I\'e"ther
air forces., an~ thi.s, taking ad"antoge of III od"all' elmrts of p"rlieula" areas. "'''''I her reJlOr~. al1l
a fi_~1.'d I~'I'" of code &S tile hosts. COllSlder enem)"
tageous Sltutlon, IS the foundatio" for Ihe disl'la)' ,n operations to seniQr ni,' COlllllll",ders and w, nil imercept and clUlIlge Ihe code in USO' frOlllllnle,t.o
beh.alf or the nir forces, offer weather informa,inll di"ided inl<> reportS of 8Gt,,,tl weather colll!lIIons
of Ihe strength of air forces. lime and de"i"" arr&IlS"''''''''ts "'h,eh WIll d""""e
and weather fOl'eCllstil, JkllO"1il of actual weather
whleh is conerele, aCCurate ""d n,;ee""arr so th.t
, For t!,iJl "'ason. commanders. and mor" espe.
clal!]' air force oolllmanders, will be oo'"plctely the fighting strenb".h Can he I11I,nifest' withollt
conditions a,'" di,'id"d into a""onneell~enls of. the Ihe enem)'.
Time dispaleh..... ...... btolld~1 aecord~ng to a
hindrnnce, Sillll,1 ion in " paliklllar pIa"" nl a partleula~ om6,
eq,"I~1le<1 as far a~ ~Mther is ""'''eern....!. a'ul ther and ('('llO,1S of eonditions in b",nernl-of nit. e".r·
6xed method gi.. iug correct tim.. al tu...lnlle,,'al;;
wdllllsure ~Iose liaIson with wellther lI11its wltich _ Weal her duties col15i51. of olosen'ation forocast.
lIl" " , rClllS, the UI'I",r tIir, ""vigtllion, elc.-tO a,d \II each da...
are located "'. ~heir vi~initt Weather \mits will .;, examlllBtlon nnd ''ilJlOrting "Illl Ihe plltJXliSt Wenlher dutil"; a IIIe re;JX"lSibi1iI~' of re-
"?,,,perate IlOS", "ely wall !lIT fotel!tj so that 110 . or these.dllties is 10 do thcm in such n way alld at making plans. .. . quired ,md ....'1abli,h 1 weathe~ Aj.:,,,,ie- I,.,,;ide
Gelle,,,,1 weat her "~PO'1S 11I'C dl\"lded mlO Hashes
SIble ad"ll'lta~,'e will 00 1\lSt. llOS suc~la tllne (lS to mllke po",,;],lc the util;7,"tioll of ~neh ullit~ as air illlelh~",'''''' un,IS. nlr foroes and
aIHI "",,"plele I'CI",rls aeCONling to lile 1'''T1~ of "'ealher u"it$ undu Ihe e<>ntrol of th.. ~uIH me
It is ~"tiIlJ that air f"rees ,,",1 r,I-I-", I thelt resll!!s hy Ill! fOI'l;e!I
. 00 . ,,'.... "cat 'er nsc, olld inl.<> o""rlalld alld O",el"OO~. aeeordmg 10
""'tIl coon"~Ilte<1 and the spooial charnCleristies 'l1,e essemillls of vbse~""lion Ire ti,e llC(;lIr.t~. cOl\l.el\t~, They nssist in the Judgl1lg of ....ealher
air eommander. TIt<: g>'lleral 'lI'Il'I' of " lber
of the weather III ",""neral III Ih"operatio"al be ":el1.ti,,,ed O!.>s<-n·ntion of wcuther in lhe "1'1"" IIn;ts i! deeided by lhe sup....me air lorce com·
ma~" cleu ra~idlr, bnsed on stlld)' of WMtl:~7:ta_ aIT ~nd 'li~11J" O\'er the snrf"ee lind the ml'id
nnd in IhecolI.lrucliOll of wClilher churts.
Na'.ij.....tional weather rel~",tg ".re frequenl
mauder, lakillg into eonsideration ~he ,;eIllP .nd
llSllCll. ~",rl.'d "'cather illform"tioll should be pUI t"". .. ililo one>" olld "nllounl''''1;
', the res"tI liaison of adja«"ul "'Hlher "gencI."'" III C~Sl"S
aS8l:'mblfld III order to can}' om 1IIIln,,-' I Ilereof. 1I11shes of aclllal wl'atlwr oo",l1tlons 11l the 11"";'" ,..here the location of """,ther .ge'ICles of ,'anous
.- (d ' ) "" Mltll~. The~nti !!III')' al"'" amI l'rim;il,"11.l' they '/Ire helpful to t Ie "'eather nnil;; i~ Ihesnme a" an "irl\ehl. il I;; ~".
m~n", ut""", and"" lhat no oPportunit" 'III · " J II'
."~"
'
ol'eC""IIUlllll'otltec{}lIed"'~
ffil-.i. "I III {} I lIlfnrmatlo' d a('ll"lties of nir fOI'l;l'S- . lisl thai Ihe senior oOk... r 11.......,"1 I,la~ {'()rrelal1l'll:
In utiliZing weather intelli"ence,' 1
' .
I'n"ln, Its CO d' ,Il 011 vaned t\'pes of weather, all
' Ue IOrt" of weather ''Otnli~ion8 m the "pper weather dUl il'lj b)' ('(lOrdin"tin):: Ihe vanonS ,,'ealher
d .'" It nl'C6 oom I n ItlOllS and mOl'eme"ls made cl""r, I I
stratulll 1.... I)(Jr\ the ll!1lI11>1' ,er "1'Tl'.$!!\U.... • tht tem·
man el"ll must cons,der the statlls of 'heir for~ Bn( the nccurate lind timely ,'"d,ing of th~ agencies nS OCCllsion demlnds.
"'enther 8COO... · pe",t"re (atmospheric) lind the le"'1K'l1llnl'l',ele.,
"ling to lhe vntious Irpes. The es-
RESTRICTED
))2
 RESTRICrEO lAP INTEL Eshibi, C

3. 11''''ellther Reconnlliwmce (He<ttlql/llrters he caplure. Use II d.ift'e~nt .,Iat'" for lhe qUllS- lions for import ani maue...,and it ..
Regl//lltkms) 1_ nipg of dilfel1lllt I,,·tsonen; "nd judb'e tJ'll VBI id· Ihese be ~lrielly ~td.
llO .'
ity of thll ~tlu,,\1011 L
u)' t' 'e ([Il1ty
' 0 fw,al
' th6" TlleN! are ma"y luh in priwau
Air fol"OO wmm"nd~nl ,""kll " .w,h· of Ihe ..""IaN'. Tho ilems nu".l i"'po,·t" ", in qUCi>tloni,,!! liOlI" of ",ili"'I)' !\t'{' ...'" ."d for Ihia ~
we~lher ~I'uRl,()n wh'ch i~ n~~"ry for' fn'<l\,~nt
l>r iljl,ll1ers are,,~ follow~: ~Hli.llh"l 110 IM'r-<>n .....~,rd ollr mililar1
"".Beb. ,,"<1 for this .lilll.\' l",,,d,!ll,,r"''''' ......,,11· FOI'C'l 10 which IlSSlglle<!, It'! dllt;es, nidiel,l", "it".lioll. forC<' ')'II1LoI~ or IlOintto. nor lbe
"''ll
"",'''''''-",-'' pl"lIe:; often It''''''l. On theso OCCa' "r1-"'"IMtion, t~IU;Plllellt, fighting tIIetllotls, newl), "nd <I,,)', ill pri""e """,,,,,,"i'·ali,,,,,,. Beca_
,io'."."'t i< nee.....",r)" 10 m"keup uwth",!. which \l'lll IlIi., each r"t"Ce '....mllander •.-;11 in"l><'<'I the pri,;
~Ilpplied t""t"t'inl, latest ol"ders. his t!Hit, cOline<:·
f"<"lillate the prog]"{'''' of the ~nll"i,;...... nce pl"lI~ I·~'e ....."nllllltlicntiOll, of .11 IIl1der air .... JIIIIDUlII.
lind 10 ell."re <'OtI\nllllllcation~ Ii.,,,.,,,. lim' wilh oth... r fOl"{:eS, nil me and location of ",-,"lor
3. EspiOllllge /lIethods colll",,"l(ler, fighting titnCSll, spedal t1'Bining per- III operational ar....". """iJems "Iill "'ilI fnqtlf!DtlJ
.\$ f...r 1......."O""ai._"",.., IIf we"t her oond'l;ollS 00'
By i,~ter<:C!pting ~'U(l~o lm:",!cnsts tllid Ii.teni" formed, stat liS of supp!;!», height of mo,,.le, '[lIal- lise pn>arrange<1 signab. Mldio cosnmun~
fo,.., e>orrYlll:;l" Out an a,r ,utack. "n '"H!l'l".,,,,,d'ng
of prob"bl... ch"nb"'S based Ot\ the Ctll'rNlI weathN' ill Oil WH'" ..... lIl1l1'Un'C"lH)tlS, tt 's l106.~iLle to L .g it,\" of the org'\l,ization "mlthe IOJl<lg... phy uf the .. lld ~"rner llib'<'.01l5 10 ~... rr~· 011 .....1.i"",If:" actin.
·
Iml>o,1:111I ' f "lOll. '1"1'
"'.II,'nm ,e. earnillg of Ot.,,\
the ",'cn in itsol'emtion"lliIllIISolls""-,,or Ilil of I),et<e tiC>;, For thl~ rea"..,.,' ~lIl'erimelld~I""" of mei.
~"Ond,t'u"g is I'S:i<'nt'al. Fur th,s ,..,a.>oll. with"
~tlltll_~ of ","en,.,' 'Ill' fort..,s null" "~,mllll,,icatiotis iit the sitllation of the "",,,,,,"l. In cases wheN! act"'ities b)' ..... N!f,,1 attem;otl to details i~_·
J",ll,rmem ...f the went her ,n b"'lIeral a." b.•.;;i". 1'011
ti,,1. The,. lIn"l be contralle<l !fInetl),.
.holiid d"ler""ne tl,e COII'">t) of N'Co,,"aiiNlllce ~nd alld tbe co"t ...",s of the,... C'''"llllltllc"tioIlS ',. f
. I I ., t 'e
thCI'll is lilt I,' lime to 'I)a,..,. it is esscnti"llo B>Cer·
;:iillt.... instrllCli""". etc.. are gi"etl to pel'!'Ollll
,!,e poi",,,, vf. i"'port""ee u fill' lIS ]lO&,b!~, Ihe ,,1- ~"o;;l ""l)(),.tll~'t (Il'" ,.~m the ,;I""dpoi"t of jndg. tain his unll nnd its l)(Isitioll. If "011 lise i"foml"·
booll,ding pla"e>'. \(l I"e,-em such i"fonnalion
lJ!Ude, till' tlllle of ''''!I<J'iin:;l" lIlId thll e,.."""li"k UlJ! t I", ell"IIl)' ~ I!""'S. II tS ~t,~'nl,rt Ii, h is dispO!;il ion tion 1"'''I·ioll~l... obl"ined when fJ"e>;tionllg" prls·
.\ccol'\ling towudili(ltls at this titlle.se'·~ral pI""",! Ih~ ~tnllls of I."s 1Il01·... ~''''lllS, ftnd the like. O~ Oil"''' yOIl should be "hie 10 oLt"ill " ,nlleh I,r""ater
rrom falling illlo enem)' ""l1d.;- either give Ihe In-
Sl r"CllollS oraIlJ·. or a"oid allY reeordilli;' of ilems
should be ""'Ill Ollt in all directions. gnilUIll! "'-'Cloet ",I"""mt'on or seiziug enem}' mili. resllit . hn"i"g to do "'illl our objl!Ctin~s (lr &eti,·iti"". or
. Itll'\"C\)nllaiJ;lSallce of we,,'herc-onllitlollsat nighL tll'·.\· eodc,;, nil,,,, conce,."iUI-! eO""l1unie"tioll Or b- When ohst",,'i"g th... lI... t"iIB of lhe iueEnatlons hll,'e the perl;{>11 bllrt, t1w oroe.... n< "'-'OIl 3. thet
hs l!81~i"lJ)- Ihe poillt$ to be .sean:h...d "nd m"k... b"'I'i"te<lla"gu"ge IT;\": li$l~ I, it should be'pn~ "nd Illlitu"'" of ,-esidellt8, the estllbli,l""enls of arc under;,tood.
d ...,or th... w..."therwnllitiolls at th...., I)(IIlIt<. It is on to the IlIglle., eonlln"ml",· inuuedinlel". enelllY Di,.tields, Ihe rouditi""s of his ~'Oncentra· Ftigllt dut)· l",,,,",,,,"el \\;11 1''''' C"-)lC<"iall)' care·
~,ecessa~Y 011 sueh OCCllSIOIlS 10 thorollghlS .tudy Si"ee SIle!: ,hillJ,'S "8 tl", wONl. of 1;,·iSQnen.. lions, his encamp"",nts. t"'("$ of Slop·ol·e,.;;, {:(1m· fill allelllion to Ihe maimena"..., or _r-e<:y and
>lIel1 Ihlllb's "S Ihe 51>«i81 ellarRcteristics of the docum"nts e'.ther c"'Ti",1 ?" <I"."':'l"ted, Illnps, om: 1Il1lllicnt ions, met hodB of "1"'. n!!illg eOnlllllltlication will strictI<' ol.o:;(,,,·e Ille "an""s 1"\)1"". In Ihe
wcalher nnd Ihe Wlllollr of Ille 1,11,,1 .11'•. tIll""e. Ill?tcl',e!: ,,»d eSll<'o,,,II)' ("''emft, "'ate,.i"ls a.." ,"cr, ndeos 01" ",... thods of d0!81l1,ctiun, etc.• ~''''.11 e\"tllt of .';"'idellt th~,' will he ulN!lIleh' careflll
for chetll,e,,1 w,,,'f,,,..,, ellc",)' l>otllbg (shells} f rn • should bo "ble to obt"i" l,,-oof of the en~tI\Y$ ill Ibe disPQI"IIOn 'of ;;e<;rel equiJl"~llt and
V. ESPIONAGE AND COUNTER. ~U~"tS, elc., "re importallt inldlil-!cnt.... n"'te"ia~ Imenl iOIls, so tlll'n t he tJbge,,·,,1 iOIl. to ad,·"mage. documents.
ESPIONAGE II IS es.;e"t ial to <'.Ollecl 1I1ld III iIize Ihem. Sjli~ shollhl be "b[... w oolaill.l:"r...1l1 ,,,,,,,,118 when
· In caS<JS whe,'ll ,." ... m)" "irfi... lds Ill"{, OCCUpil-d or IIse<l P.OI.... ,·l~'. C.rtlfll) "tlenllon 10 llrudenC<l I~ TR,')<"UTlQ~''''fCIl,..-rt:Jl111 ,I'~JHm:s..r,l or
J. The Purpose of &piollage lind Agellcies ."".emilll III thllB em"lo~·i"g. -'lnke denr 10 them
"lr ""1,,bli,;lun~l1tS "",. Ol"C"pied or ('nem" planes Tilt .l."'"".",r, .\IOt,· .\n.'T\"''"~ II ,,,m\\M'K.
Chllrged With Respo"sibilities "''ll scl.zed, you should ,nke 1111 I"pes of i"'~lligenre wh"t we wi,l, to know, but nner inform them of IhTUl ~l It<CH t!l-l-t
E"en though 5)""te",ntic ab"'l\cib of n ~I>l",ial "'''t'''rl"ls and IItilite tllclll 80 '"s to estftbli,h the Oil" ,)bj~li\"<'.s.
"~I"N! nre ll511RII)" N!lied 1I1)(ln for l'Spioll.ged"t ies. reb~,o1\ between g'"O\llId g"l"OUpS lind the nil' force. -'I"ke dll,ies Iti"en to Sl,i"", a~ .imple as po:;.;ible. Ill. lNTElllGENU
~"ch ~ o.:n:e. ,,1;;0. ,,11011 1,1 e"),a"'1 "II ub"iolls Illel huds LlSleH to Ihe inhnbitllllts nnd .seize documentS
It IS best 10 send mol''' th,,,, I wo ]Jf!Ol'le. who hn"e
III 6("1.IIIg el'er~' U!'I)(Irlunity "lid should dt> their l){'Cn gil'en n"'ioll$ dUll'"' for the l;flllle objecli,-e, A. 1"lrodl/cl;on
,,",1. <'.O'·"'",lO" , I fCO"'"'\II1I' '
11I11'0>1 tu n«)ulI-.. '"telli/-...."t'" .I.ta. 011 lH.-half of ..." ...... '"0'01 n''''·SI'''I''''-';.
sep"r"lely. ~". Air Force dunllg C<l1l\bat will {:(Illect perti·
air ~lral1,g)·. besides 1~lInlil\g "",peei"lh' of tl ""t'"." P~'IJoe'-s, ,'adio ~t"lio"s "lid post "fIiees rom· !lNII inlellib...."ce {:(I"""rt,i,,S ene",,' siluallon.
"''''"eat''''1 Sl " ..'OilS. I'"ul,,·'- . olhc,als,
.. Olll' "Pies who Wille fr<:Iln the enelll)"s direction
..c. " , • , . hotels.' etc. weather. lochlliquc. "It.• ll"'-""'_~· for the prose<::u-
Irm.....eme"t> 01 enen,,· • nit fOree;l ,··,~lIlal()
'",• Jesl(les thi. 1"1 .," ' will nOI be 'luestlOlled. IlUt will loe tak..." under
now th... "lAtus (If air ....t"bli,hme'lts a"d Iheit , .., \ ,e" )'" I,r"'g "'&(I's of lillI' wpe )"on I!Illlr<l to the h"adfJlll111ers whi...h di,pnlched th:'m• li"n "f the war. Intelligence 11111.1 be distributed
.~ lIl,"1I be ,bl, .' . .
r..-n·cs &8 '-"ell "~the 'tatus,of Ihe ('ne,"y's re"r I}e,;' 1 ' e 10 ,<,earcll "ilL '"'I)(Jrt"", ,te,,,g. The t'·ent",..."t ... f p,' .....,,'s "'''llCC!<'{l of hem!! ,!uickly so as 10 be of u"'-'. 0:/11"",'01l 01 imeIh-
et8nlll"'HcallOl'S IIlles .",1 IllS i"'t'0rta'IL ]loillts " es the lIe':....._it,\' 01 "e"o""" iSSJ\n{'e f,)I'ees and I-",nce i< C"-1J<'{'lally U;;(>flll <:<}llcen'll\l! ehanl,'1'l! III
1'''11'<>1. 8<'<!ki. I I ~",>m," .pies will [.... "",,,ell)' Illl' >n",e.
from tl.e '1~""lr)()int of ~~,,"h., the st"l\15 of ,,;~ to II 1\~""c',nl",,,1i r01"(;,~,h"""I,,lsolr.v elle"'" "ir fo"""" ~\I"allon.
ba""" the ,,""tl.... r. etc. I he seIzing r I' I ct> CClthelll. I"",-,"w,·"",.,;itisdilli'·ulllo,.elld 2G: ~l.'n InethoM of ""Ileeting IlIlellil!'-'nee an>:
data i.. of ~1~i,,1 importance. 4. COlllller EspiOllttgll
0 tee IIl1eal ")cIl,~,ellt~, "lid he"e i1 is "t'Cl'S,a"I' to 1)<' e",,,,,"110 HCCOllnalg;;an<'C. """"''''Rllon of "!II'm~' silllatlon.
eX""""e th ...", .,,, f ,...'<."',',, Ihell1 "$' in'tn'cl.....1. Sinc,; Ihe en",'"y is 111"-0 C~rr)'I"g II" ,....Il.eless weath('1' d.ta. and Slly ""l)(lrlS. Sillce th""; arc
espiOllng<>, nll dll .....·~ "f ollk..,nl wi\! IIlwny. be .on
2. Imporlallt M"tlers From Stlll/d, '
&pioll,.ge Dllties omt of h \" ben. ,)riSO IIet' .tS t"k~lI. ""i.e lilly d<l<;lIt11elll, ~lciet g\lIll'\1 1l,\(1 will nntitll'"I" Ihe enelll)' WIth
c\oseh' ,....Iated. coopen,io" i, .._nllal. It ,. e5-
l~l.il)' ;",!)()t"\RIlI 10 115O! E<Clentilie meth~< . .
&,pional-.... dutiell ~hould
"',' '.
emn\"boCIIIT""
."'I! ""' ,f "e,·.";s,,,..· queslion '"''
"
eotllllerl'!'pion"g'" In ,mler 10 11I'~"c,u e,wl1l}' ~;. IlllelligenC<l ooll('('rning ""elll.'·. <lI"s"on.
, , . be'llall".' ""BB to lie aliI' a'~''''[lO'iall I '""illS. 8,·,,,1 the .<!oelllllelltS."u., e"ll;Ollnge lIn,l to Il,"oid I...ak" i" "ul,t".r)· ~N'C)'.
R' "pta 1 e to t 'e nauon,,1 dlRrac'~ '.' f
'''''-'!IOthe
• nSwer t(l lll~
it... t k
'
SC'"Ol" ""'"n,,,,,,ICl' '-em...'" ....-r ·
'.A 'I..at her, ele.• collect",l b}' I"d;,·idll.l (lllll' '" ",'Ill·
" ~ "1>111 ecl~.
Q
, ' ' f III" hi::he}'1 ,,,"king oflieel' will e_lahh.h ]"{'/,.."I,,·
I" t 'e llllle ""d (1",,\ ftllcll'lnce 0
RESTRICfEO RESTRICTED
'"
 RESTRlCTED JAP INTEl. Ildlibil C JAP JN1'IL bbibi( C
hu ...iIl 00 ured in addi! ion to that collected by .Irtide f?_Ob/trt,,,ti(}tl, fit Enemy S;ftl(JU01\ JDAke duty t!,e fllndllm~11t.1 bnsis, to consi.der toorologicaJ situation ;. DOt
regulAr jntelligclloo IlgcnciC!!. to ,., situatioll Dlld to execute the allProprl.te utiliZl\ ad..antlgeollll.ly the .......
;l~. The purl""'" or ohsen'ing ,he ''''e1ll3' is I'rin. the un . . h
~B. As SOOn as Ill! iIllCll;S""Cl'l ""port is di_lll. D)elerologica.1 judgment. When '.t 19 "~.I)., e place.
cipallJ' to ob;;crm 11."1 enc",!' rIlOI'cn.,e"t~ ~'"1 t<> us( reconlloiter the meleorologlCal condlholl of 4,~. TIle air corps (plallell) will
inall>d, or all SOOll Ili! $(I'-ern] r<lPOI"IS ate examined
sca,eh "ut thei,' 8dl"'l~. !'-very urllt,. ~'Sllecially
together, such details as \,ar;oIlS intelligence ;Imns. ~ air routcsllnd of the tar!,,'et ,·ieinity 1lC@(ledill "'il!lout "rder the Illetoorologicallli
the nir Ullit, lllU_,t "ot 1..- the 0JlPorlUlllty anti II~
"'-IIT Sitlllliion, and fcasib;lil)' of rommulljeations ord<'r to attack. Aceol~lillgl)', it is ll~ry 10 8e,..·~d during flight Illd notify the relattd
the I-el'ulting iriforllllltioll, while ot the ~M'''e till lt
ar1l considered ... nd decided UI'QIl. rorecast car{lfllll~' Ihe chau/,'e in the e"ent Ihe me· orologicalllllits.
",,,ke l'r(wisions for reCOllnlll!lSllll"" and defenSl'.
211. In order to make II quick nnd accurale in.
3{;, Ellen!\' sitll"tion OhS6"""tl011 depends on
llllligenoo dispatch. it is important 10 maintain
lookollts 01' ;pot,ers. radar, 8il' recoulllliS8a11CO, hal.
and 10 put into operation the communication
facilities, and.o.l$o IIliliZ<l all oomlllu"icMioll DlCRS, 10011 lookout~, elc.
uTe!. l\loreQvcr. it is i"'pOrlall! 10 1Ilili:oo photog. 37. In o!>sen'illg the ellemy .,itullti"n, it is \"er)'
l'lII''"Y and oTher sciclIl ifie UleRSUrel. di Ricu It to tli If~rell' iate ltet II''''''' friend and ftIe, and
30. On utilizing intellig.mce, the origin, the Oc<.:ause of this l'Casoll, il is important Ih>11 all ";r
period of dala and the method of "s;;ernhlins in- unit COllllllll'l<lel'll "lld under llIust obey an reg-ub.
formation must be ",ade CICR'" II is <'$/;elltia1 to t ;OtlS Oil 1'18110 1'Ct:tlgll il iOIl, IIi l" ollCl'at.iOtlS, etc. At
determine the truth Rnd the ,"... h,e of the inlclli. Ihe Sl\1ll6 time, it is irnptll·tll"! to ,-e!"tlrL 1Il0"emonts
genoo. \Vhite Que 111",,1 be careful to consid~r this at t hn, time to relllh~d illte11igell~'e IlIIits.
information scientilically, h~ nud, ,.t the g"me ;18, .,\ir re<:onnllissallC6 and balloon lookouts de.
tim~, o!.o>er'·e minutel}' the sm"1I malters !«SlIse CI~'aOO the banJ6 slrength, So 011.\ IlIlI;;\. elltlO"I'"r
this is the key to intelligence. IIot ttl ulilizuIhese me811SUllless 1\~'(;es;;,"'J', 811(1t>e
careful of the l'CeOlllla issalloo 1'1" u·s SIlCI'eeJ'.
Arl;cl~ 1
39. Whellthe !'t'COllllais:'<WII"" plnnes and hallOOlI
31. The dut3' of recouns;ssance is principall}' lookouts disco"~r "n cne",y, theJ' will, withom "Ill'
that of the ~o"naiSS8nce unit. f!owe'-er, cnch 81'.,ei,,1 ol"(ler, m"ko the mo'·enlellts of Ihe encmJ'
unit must caIT)' 01lt its owu roconn"iffillnce lle<>l!S- c1cal' by approoclting him.
SIlry for battle. Bcoonnaissance depends OU in.
spection, photogrll.phJ'. and \"lldio eq\\ipm~nt, etc.. Article S-Meleol'Oloqy
or the ulilization of all th_ meanS.
:12. In reconnai!l8Rnce, one must considllr the pur. 40. MeteOl"Ologr l~ a "ilal I'elationsllip to
IlO!ie, kind of targel, and the progresa of the battle, the operations of the flying nnit, in the air corps
tb~b}' taking advantage of the tim~ and the and the detailed stndy aud its lit ili~.lllion is fllnda.
metl.od, It is important to take the enemJ' bl' mental to Ihe delllons,""ti"e "chi'wcmont of tho
surprise as much as possible and to achie,'equickll' air corps. The commanders in the air IIllit win
tbe puqlO!ie. Ho\\"e'·~r. depeuding On the situa. po~ sllmcient knowledge "r lIleleol~>logJ' alld
lion. it is important to plan th~ removal of ~nemy gllaranlee liaioon with metoorological IInits (>S!ao.
defense and to cury OI,t the roconuaissnnce. ]ished in the ,·icinitJ'. It is ne<;essnr)' fo,' the me·
33. In reconnaissance, it is extremel}' important tool'(>l0ll'iCllI IInilS 10 cooperate positively with the
10 endea"or to compare the past siluation with the ai,. unilS oo thnt Ihe'"6 lI'ill IlC nO reg,"Cts in the
I'rei('llt and especially to make clear any SUcll usc nlul in the tletailed stlldy of llle'eOl·ology.
changes.
41. Tho air corps will Ootllll)lI"icaI6 with Ihe re-
34. Detailed reconnai!i8llnce at night is "el'y ],.Ied meleorological units IllId it will speediJ)'
difficult. 80\\"(I\"er, hl' utilizing the infonnatioll make elM 1'_ all,l" special cha,."cteristics rela,ed·t.o
obtained in the daJ·time. one can carry out recon. mcleOl"OI0l:,'lcnl statistical dat" as a basis. hIs
lIaissanee at uight. It is ,'il>.ll(I note the chang"'!
"l'<:'~I·.\' to asse",bl6 Ihe nleteOI"{llogic,t1 dn!.~ os-
;11 the ellem)' 8illl"tion "lid e",le""or to learn the
!I<'"I!~IIO ti,e ilnmediMe [",It Ie, op•.,."lioll (11".1,1".
enemr plan. Tn I1i)!ht teeonnaiS8ll11C<', il is im.
"·.alllFlI1;) "lid to c.I'I".1' 0111 II", blltlle OJlC,,,tlO"
portant to make minute preparations, to utilize ,,",th,,"t a"y l~gl"L
radio e<juipment, 811d 10 not be CAII>:ht 08' guard
bJ' the ~nemy. _'!2. In utili.illg the meto~ol""logieal illtelligenCl',
It IS lIecessRrJ' rOI' Iho ai" COI'I19 IIllit colll111ander
RESTRJCTED RESTRlCTllD
11;
'"
 RESTRICTED JAP INTEL Exhibil D
JAP 1N'fEL Edtibil 0
.".ltl'r«! among ...·idel.,· Sl'pllMlled air jotrolll><, .. il h I\H£i, All addillOlll.l 30 ...
one or 1.... 0 me" al each. Thew officei'll "'ork.d I,holo illtelli~"ce lraininr but . . .
C"J/I'I'Wt\'lr under rhe Sllllf'n'i,ion of the grollp l,hOlORrallhie t«hnieian... ~
EXHIBIT D-U. S. STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY conuna"d .nd d,,"01l'<1 m",,1 of their .. lI"oM~ '0 I 6,-,,1. cl. . .'IllI,II,,"1 uellll<iqoly "" die IIIIlI7

G-2, }llp3nne Inlelligence Section, Tokyo, Japan

",... I~· of Ihe denl"I'IH\'rt, of ,\ II ied • ir ba,*,< Mild to In~ll.ll"l~~ Ind lir dde,-., bid .r.n.c dtIr
,\Ih..d 1'1""" identifil'll.tivrl. Little I'OOnlinMrioll ,,,,d clbol lhe I'....... D' .-... brw.dnwd 10
of "'ork wl!I ell"eNed bet.... een Ihe dill"ett'llt .ir lhe rerognilioll of I,rfirld-.. lin:nh aDd
11""'1"'; no aHempt "'a~ made to ~1'l\dlrdiU! ..... ~o m.nllil ..,.,. lL."td for Il'l(Cbi~••nd DO
porling or 10 inll'IV\'e di$l:ributivrl Inl'lhod.; no Or other ~1«i.l_ or 1,llOlognpby __ iDdrIW
<'I'lltl"l.l ~tl'h otganizalion ...u e;;tlbli~htd for 1Il rhe cumeDlum. ()IIicff <ItidMtb ..... ac-
:I, Ah~... lh..r• lotlll of HI Arm,. olli..,.... f .pH'ial.'uthes on defel~",""aly"j,;orotl",r sl'l'<:;.I· IlfCIlL'" of l,re1"iQu" inti/''''''- III pll<o&c>](npbl.
".K'",!' :--hi<;h 6 wen:- COl,,,;de~1 rompelflOl, "-C"' ,r.i'..:1 iUtI fieltb; a"d nO Cf"Il'ral fil~ ".i/'.... k"pt for 11'. I:!. In tbe Ofl,nlOfl of )lojor Shirooda. CO of ...
US
U,
119
III II l..,hm'lUl'-.•nd 0111,. 30-3b ;\"a'")' oftice
"'f':" ..em.llr .""igneJ 1'1 dttli..... Jo:lllph....i. ~
Ira'll1~ .-"" plan:o:l "l"'" d", idenlili<:alioll of ill.
>t.llauon, .nd dffclL~ the ;;tud)' of ;\lIiffi ba,
I I",rb Illd pholOj:!ral'!"S.
!'. After Ihe :S.illln, 1"0 Jim•• and Okina'"
calUl..igllS (in Jul)" I!lU) ... helllhe..,., "f ph.oln.
gral,llti for i"telligellC'l' pu~ Il«tIrne lI>tIn fulll-
..irst Phowgraphi<- Opel"l.li
l~ oliee:... lrained in PI .-e
t'nil. only & of'"
UJ oomptIl'III ill
tbelr job. 'rbe-e men ..-ere ~'ltlar .\rmy oAcen
.-ho laeoonlmg to ,I", lbjorl ..-e.... fully qtJtLIi.
I~"O ron;;lruniOll. a,,,1 1M ~"ilion of aircraft ~ .ppreci'IOO, .1I allempl ..-u m.d" to pro"i~ lied to - IIl1lil"", DIU!. ...... lir deft~
I~'O ,hippilll!' .n(
I:"""ter l'I'ntraliulion 10 Ann)" photo inlelli",oen<'e ......, in rb«- IJeo:au.e theOlber I~ Iack.ed. UBi·
I:!I -I. Uoth .\rn,}" ."d :\"..-y I'hoto imelligella! 01. Iar kno..-1edl!e of tt<'baical milillry .... tI...... Ihn
leti"iliell b)'!!eItinl!' IIplbe Firq Pbotographio:-Oll-
I~
Ikf,., .-e 1Iacl>ed I,tim.tily 10 • i1' groups "'hlore .-1'.... ~red 10 be le- tWful. .
el"l.t;0"9 l'nit (Dai lehi 5h..,.hin Sal!'Y-Olai) IInder
I~.'· ~'e """""nlf<l for Ihe most part ...ilh .ir. .\ir VIIQ, JIIII'_ .\nnr. Th~ unil, of rom· I~. X y. ",.. r~r _ork f"r S....I pbow
~Id IIlI"rp"".li,:",'•. IlCllOrI" "-ere meager .1Id ''''')' ii1IIU~"-";; 10 let ..,. a ~m"r. but .nually it jnlelli~ ." bef::Im by LL Comdr. Ezoii._iot
~ph.u~,. oootdm.uOll bet ... et'n air gI'OI'll$ ....ti I_fon~ .. i"u.ll~' no OI'I,,'lIiOOlI fnn<1ioll be· photo iAtl'II.~ 060er. Jav--- :\".ry. a, Yok<>-
1ll1..rK! h.~ bf(.-""" lhe Am,)' .nd:\" . t'au>oe of 11IIKUle lad: of phol"!-.... p1'" al II", end of _Db :\"1 1 .\ir Oroul' in IlWl _ben be ",udi<od
lacking. '·'Y"-a.;t c:ame nd pbo>l"r"llh'" I~ IIIIIkr dril-
II~ ,,·.r. T~ Of1,.. . niZl.ion (Chin of lhoe FiN

I .. JroJuctio..
.'" 5.'!l'" f.U of Saipoo.n ",..kffi. 81ighl i"'prO\~
" '1 In J •.poo.ne,;e photo illlfllige"~. for .flft .h.t
I'hotogtaphi(C O!",ralio!t;: rnil is sho'lfll on poo.ge iln upert-.. 1'011_"'1: I fprther &OOy of 1'1
I<'Cbnioq~ ...i,h lhe ,~nn... Ezaki and WOIllft" ~
123.
,be '1><:"""",, in,,,n!S ill lhe I.ki,,~ of pll(>- 9.•\'trry. :\".... 1efton. in phologl"l.phic inte\li· l.blr.:J>ed I pboto ;nt"lIi~ ,.;boolal Yob>;;ub..
I. Th~ ~port Iuo~ ~ II"'I.. ~I b,· .I~ I'h.oIn. Eulri oo~.ed Ibe <lOU....., ,I.> ""rrirulr:m. and
g<"J('f' for tl", IlIOl>l 111M poo.l"I.lleltd .\nn~· uperi-
~Ilh",
I.bora -Intell,!oen"",
. ~ion • G-"., .....
"';;;;"";:'
G" I~ ~lh Ih~J.poo.'-ltllel1i~e,~~ion.
~ ..., III to, •
TIli . . .nd Allied
_I(fiJII"I.IlOl'S ".'ill
logt'1lllitl! f?t.he purpo.se of "'"lehing Alli"d ahip
de 1"1' IOf"""nl. ellfd-. l"di,·idu.1 inter"....le "-ere iMgned 10 ..·ruee tl"'lftH:hi"l: IIlInual.-d. Tbuour'lt I ~
1t:!1 Ulrludt<! I limiled ",ooy' of ,~ill ffJIturt
"~""""""" "'le~ ....s .tt~"'I('IrI"d hI' Ihe bet lir group or 11"'1'1. COD,m."d he.... lhe~· ..orIt..d
~-' l;~, B;::;. It III "s..d "1'0" i"fonna';o" ->II I. ,
1~11e(1. b)" ~.I"~ offici.L; .... il.bl.. for illie I.
Iralrnll~I.ler," s.~ 0 1'1' .
r, photogral,h. undft Ihe orders of ""I"'riors .mo selJom .,>- 1"et:Op1;11OD, • lwvf '\U",...y. of tkf-. • ;;mall
1">OUllt of .i",",fl and .hipping ;,J"nu6catKtn.
I":,,, In lokyo. doculIletlli! fumi~llf'd h)' ,I"" ~~
...".... O"e of Ihe f" ... !;ot,tee!! of il.hl" im"lli: l'...,i.l~l lhe ...llIe of I'holo inteUi~ units.
",_,
. .,
tI, om,.uon tx~ '.n.~1 ...i.h ,I \··r h n,.'.... getlo:e ~,~rni"g Alliffi 01I('t1llio"s. Purittg II", earl)" sumn",rof Hl~;;, il ,,-., d""id"tl to and just 1'l1QU¢llllloOIognl'hy 10 proride familiar-
,,~. ..-itll t1~ llroblenc- of ,he pbot~llber. Ted>·
n, I b II' "'"r ~. •G. 1let
. e"en rhis . i"e....' ..
.....: teer.lj:1l11,on ,lit! not place lrai"t<l l,hOlO irrte'1""lers do..." 10 !lCIuldron
,,?'. Ie ,"'oe....... GI'OI'II, .nd :\"....1 T"",hninll
.> ~0I1, J'pall.
'?" I III .l.y rap'd .d'·all(;(> of PI. for Ihotlllh lh" le"el; one Illllldred w"re being lrai"ed for Ihi~ pur.
"iq""" - ' for III..... Ind .,hip rec<l(1liliou oon-
~i...... ffi of II", roI"pari,;oo of _led __';'U""I"'n1~
,,~II pl~(A? I,I.~_ ll.'·r1 ."d Di". h "..,.... l-'QOII. tlll'" 1_ a' the end of Ihe wlr.
Ind IlroJ>t>Tti<:>l~ ...ilh I",bli>lled rerognillOR dota.
Summa" '~,. IIInlled lrt number .nd lrained "ilQl~ "'N:" 10. Liulw1l, Ex<::elll fot lhe initi.l training of
,.emg"
. . _TI" ' ex I tell,e "'lOrI"!!1l
~,
of pholO!l uk"n :\" IV)" lea,I".. al Ihe Arm)" 1'1 !"!Chon!. 110 rvordin.· ::'Iudent eand,dalt" "'e,.,. ""Ieer~ and 00Illli""'
2. Judl-'1'<1 by' .\lIlui<:a" .Iattd.rd", lhe J.I""'" ~Ioll~ 00 II", ba.."";_ of a uni ....... ir~· degree. I" .d·
"' IIH~ lnne. is !:II'!<' "1 I ",Iral ...l by ,hI' f"<1 Ibll lion of OI",",lional .",i.'iti.-.s ,,·.s mailllain~1 be·
~ of .en.1 I'holograph,- b ........ ,n.~ of itU"U' , di,io" 10 oIIi r l"'1'-<>",,,,I, • nDlIlber of flIli...... ed
lween Ann)' and Sa.·J' photo inlelli~..,,,,,, u"iL...
J!-~noe ....titi"""'irJJittf.r",)'allhen"1
on)'· O. -I $OM'"" "'I' re l!Il'llI ("'et SaiPftn ' ."d onll' 10
"
~'O"ew.t
,. me" 11;0 ...orkffi ....i'b photo imelh~'1Oe .nd in
O,,,t kma ...a. . AI"", I,hoto inleq,reta,ion officers aPI,or~Hlly
"l>l""'!@ ,\nll)' a"d :\".n 0111\'1'.... ,I ,
'd I . " not COtto
. "'~, ......._lIeorallll' ralrh' I,roficient ill illlerpret.-
.r et I' '~ogral,h)· 10 l... u..·f,,1 opt'I"I.,i",•• lh' be work...1 ttl""t of th" Ii",,, in ignorance ol,hcir 0""
Phol o /"'eWge"re 0,.'WIZ<I
' "1011 I;on lechnique$. .h a 'rule, ho..e,...r, , , - tt",n
"olld II'Ihe ,m"ll':d,ale lacl.ul,,"'"-~",." " "1'Il1Irenll)'
.' • gl'Uup 01",....1;0".1 illte1li~"",,'e.
'. Army. TI,e f . we'" not I ij.",e.II'1 d1ll;1'$.
110 I' .ort wu ",ade 10 III Ih~e l,horO!!l"I.phJJ . iltl"lIi,~, . u;-e 0 l'''ot~l·rtph)' ,"s arl .,,110 H. Otlt of til" first ~I"Y' 1'1 dl!lS ("'hiell 6,,·
plannln!! Ot Illlleil""il\1:" ne .. olr,·,,_"·~ "" f '" .;"Iet' was Inlli II'" . Tr<l;1I;1/8 of photo fllterprelerS
Ih" \ " , . , I J ,,"'" "I"''' '" Jrtp"" II\' l.hed ill IIII' 1M:.!) ~ Ot (\ <I~ "enttQ Knbaul,
"~"' , 'I'I e", 11. AI~"!I' ,\ tolal of 18 Japanese A'1n)" oRice!"!!
""1(;(>1"!l wI tll (1'-'"
• ,. ,
.... tMI,,,,, 1101' I""',ibilili-
"" ~"o P'Ol<).
gtlll' u<" . mteI '11I~"CfI mH "'illt ottl)' ~rnl " .u~ how'
. '\.
th,> end~' )'
"""rll I .
I W"'rtl·thal d." An"" 1.·!!"l1 1<1 rt,,,Ii'"
•
Ie t!lj."O, It """ "'" lInlil rtl·lrI.,·
W~I~' ,,",,ined in phOlo~'1'ltphic inlellig"rlc-e in 2
:I st"ved at YokO<'luka 10 t\'ICh. and IIIf re;, weill
I" 01;"'rRlional .ir ~roulh'. TIre entire lleCOn(1 elasa
f_. III I,elr elfOr1-l1 h' OOttvirw:e dou' . • 'I'll" IUlporl",,1 p h ",.,'
"~"'P \1' ,..·all)· wa< liS an ",.
. ~"<)\lI_lhe Ii""t clllSS lasting frorn AUjl:llsl,o Sotp· ,,£ ;.>(l-2~ ml'",llel'iI WIS:1('\\I'O Tftle}'ama Air Group.
•"pet'ors. "'UI~ 'geltl'\' l;Our,;e U '1 '"
"hll' Ann'
"
' . '\11 thl~ h,ul' 1104' r"w n"nll-
. It,,,,I,,,,. Hl-lO, lind " ,~c')l\d cla"" finishing in J\ln~

RESTRICTED
... J ph"to 1Ir1~rJ)l"'lnli,JIt "Ilk...,,,, hnd been
n9
 RESTRICTED JAP INTEL bhlbit J) JAP JNTEL Epibil D

.\hhoUjl:h lhe Ihird aud final class of 30 Illembers 1'000t .\Ioreoby, but ,\llioo baSC$ ~yon.d thC8l\ p~ _ for Blrictly air group purll0!leS. I.ittle targel of annotated photographs. ~
finished early in I1lH, l,(,cau$e lhcre were few wel'(l co"ered only by S\lbmarmll aircraft which .,. rk was done, anti TCpo,h often eousi',[('(l merely ,nalion wn~ u,;ed "eMlly during pilot
l'h~l(),l a"aibble al the lime, Ihe whole gnlllll was look small oblique shots from hnnd·held camel1l -: m<)il8ics .n1l0tal«l bJ' Ihe iuterpreter .nd ""nt ulld in a few i1l~.'u:,"'-'I "hotll t'OpM. . . .
a';'>lsnl.'d othe" dillies. '111uS lhe entire PI Oml-e,· In rn",t illstllnces, submnriue pholos weill ulIe<l bS. ~ tbe appropriate nil' gr"uII lleCl ion, III the opin. alOllj! "'ilh the "ilol on !<OrtiCll.
complemem of the Na'T consisted of from 33 to Ihe subm'lrincs thernsch·es for purposes of tar~ ion of Major Shimadn., thel'e WIIS no ... or~ dOll6 by 21. Distribution of wriltl'n reporta wu
as men. 1'C1OClion 'Uld tnrget appl'OJleh. lIte Jnpnnesc .\nny prIOr 10 tl1610ss of Sa'pall that limiled 10 the chain of eommaud in the air
CQukl ,-eI.lIJ· 00 en ll~d phOI l'graphic intelli;''Cllcc. in which they "·e..... prejlfln~l, &lId the.l'\l_
r""tillg of Photogr"phs Ope,,,/iQn,,/ Dlltie1 01 PhQfQ Interpreters 2'2, tI/ler Soip'l/l, inlerest in photo intellib<enee ha"e ~n no general effort to iml'l'O\'l~ thill td-
15. In both the AmI)' a'ul :0<",')', ,ince thel'll 18, The fil"t use of ne~'ia,1 phologr"phy L)' tIle beCallle more lUarh..l, for (nccording- to Major nill"e of di_minalion or to dl'ect liai,;(,n t.t_
we", no 'l'e<:ial l,holOgraphie ",!uadrolls, pholO!! Jnpnne8C WIIS 11l8<1e. to a IImlled exlent, "s far back Shimada) fl'om thi~ time until!.he end of the "'nl', air groups nn,l higher cornma",l~ for filion _
were laken as Olle of Ihe duties of ''lJ<:Ollllaissance lIS W:li durill/: the "Chilla Ineirlent." In SpiteM photographs were practically Ihe only OlOUl'Ce of in- l>orts vr photog1'llplly. :wme irnpro,'eloen", weft
",!uadron8. Photos tllken b)' NII"y air 1l0tilltlS, lhis eady lJt>"oi"ning, howe"e", He" lit lhe end of fOl~"ation It''ailabln con.,..,rning Allied tlll\"elol" mllde ill Arrn~' reports afler ~aipall, ",hal about
IIher only a cllsual e.'~amillalion fll "milia head. lht! wnr in WHi Jnpallese llel'inl photog-mph)' and meuU. A similnr cbange in internsl and aeti,'it ... (i(J copies we.re lIIade and selll to operations at A,r
quaI1e,.", wen;: drlin~l"l.'(l diN'Clly to air SI"OUP I'hotogrnphic inlelligence, jud/,'erl h1' American took plaoout Ihe SlUlI61im6 iu Xa"y photogl'llphie GIIQ for further distribulion. AI", Ilt Ihi. tilDl'
or n..... l wmU\and (or iuterprellllio'l b" PI o"i- ,la"dll"ls, Wa" ju,t get ling stllrted. The fuet Ihut intelligence. a weekly intelli~,'enee sununa,:,' "a, circulato>d
Cl.'rs. ~imil""IJ' ill lhe Army, J'h~lographs dl6 .)Il!'llne,e hn,'e nt uo tim6 wl1sitlCl'ed photog_ 23. DUl'ing Ihe. 111"0 Jima and Okinawn cam· alllo"s,\ 1~"Y 1'1 <officers.. to ",ake them rnore n,,''''f
went dl~IIJ' 10 swul' lwadqual'lers for inter- raphy 10 00 n OlOUree of intelligence beyoud Ihe pnisns, oolh .\no1' Ilnd Nn"y photo interpreler,; of their rldation 10 both specific operations .od
prellllion. All l,hotograph~' was flown at the oh\'iolls imm("(li'lte tnctical I,h"se is au e:<cellelll l'lnced g,-ellier imporlance on Ihe rerob",ition of llKl general war I,it:ture.
order of higher edwlons where the men reo illuotrllliOlI of Ihis arrested de"elo[1ment All- ~hil)!! nnd nircmft. Ships were identified b)' nam6 28. 0, S. Fit:ld4 Q{ PI not EllfewJ by the -lap·
sponsible were geuer"lly unfamiliar with both p8l'l:nll~' uo effort wns Ill"de to mnke llholo~,'Taphl' nlld type whene,'el' possible, with carriers beinj! aM'.' EZlIki aud a fell' other,; in til... Sa"~' rerog-
phOlognlph~' and PI: nt, no lime were pholo in. useful in l'lll,ming 01' llulicipating operations. uized lhe possibilities anrl de;;irabilil)'_ of .-an:b
cOIl~idel'(ld or first iwpOl'lanee, liB, C.\. CL, DD.
tellif,'enee oflieen; permilled to make thei,' own 19. J:'ur/.!I SturJe8 0/11',71. Photo intelligence of. nnd DE.. seconJ, and Inndiug ersfL thinl. No nl· in ""cll 1'1"..._ of PI as .~U""le t.frMl'" np]l~la'
!'\'que>;t;l for eo"era~'e. Ahhough il is true thul fi""n; were in limiled use n~Guudlllcllnal, with the l~lllpi WltS llIarle to kCl'I' a record o( ,hip mo,·e· lion nnd ,,·.Ier depth detenmnRtloll. bllt had not
"fter &lipan lh6 u>e o( phOlogral,hs f(lr intelli. e~lIphasis of th~ir work pillcetl upon the stndy of been able to do nn" .t:tual work along these hnes.
menlS, nor waS any odler work done in reb',U-d t"
,,"'Ilee purposes became more fully al'precial",l, U. S. eonSlnlctlon and d6\"elopment aeli"il)' alllt Similarly. la'l,<et ;"'lcction ..-ork .nd damage .,.
and as n re;;ult !'\'qUesIS for royenl~e became mOl'e shipping. ,
lcsscr altelltioll gi"en to slutl)'illg "eb'l!lalio",ler. 2,1. Oceasionall... during this period of m· _mem were lIot a"(~Upled, I'rlllc'l'nl1~' beeau...
uumeroll!! and mOre inrelligelll, e"en lhen the rnin, nnd defenses. ,\hhough the_"", studies 'were ~",'nsed neli"il)', effol·ts "'t'l·... marle 10 ""tim~te of lhe lack of re.." ,lar I'hot'1,'T8l'h~" Olll~' on iu-
sm,lll number'!! of tmined pilOl$ nud a"ailable hardly out of lhe e.~""rinWllial Sllig-C, an Ullcmpt f,,,,,,,em oco..... sioIl!l were POW repons ehecke.1 L~'
phOlO planes limited the photos aeulall" tak~n to
personnel complemeuts "I Allied base,. 0\; an
wus made,usiug periOdic eo"el', 10 study the prog. example, one Arm... unit esti'''nted I.hat at Sn,p~n, meanS of photog-mphs. _ •
pra~ti~allr nOlhing. l1ms. theN! were ~nh' ~ $<Ir. :!fr. So ""rlou5 etrol'!$ at mappu'l; from nfnnl
1:SS alU~ ~],anges ill U, S.posilioIlS, especially nir. afler the beginning of 8-29 OperallOll!!:.n eq\l~'"
ties of Saipall nown from Iwo Jima bel\l'~n the I,hotogml'h~ "-e'" m.de. ""'''''llt for • fe.....t·
fall of Saip"n and Ihe attaek on Iwo. nnd there
weI'(! onlr 10 sorties nown O"Cr Okillawa.
hehls. I hes.. etforl8 were gr"atlv curtailed how.
tII'er, by illStllFicient photogrlll'h~ lind insuffieienl
al~nt, of 12 COlUl'auies WIIS co""ern~d WIth all air'
craft acti,·ilies.
templ$ in the ;Soulh P,-cifie .rc.done large.lyb~·
Ihe Ihi :Sll'pon [)e,-dt>pment Comll8"~', Ui'l1lg
nnden;landing on Ihe pllrt of JllpIWCS<l lc"ders. 25, Illlo'prtdalioll of Ot!enu, Camo"f1nge of
IG. Photo ~onnai5Snn"" pla,,"'1 USl't1 included Arn.y planes and ellllipmellt.
20, Photo inlequ'(lters aU'leh~'(1 10 1\1l1'1' head- AlIi",l i".talinLions wu not eon"idererl to be n
Sniul1 or Mrrt (~a"Y type 1}2). emplo~'",1 by both
qual1e.rs in JJl"a (19~3) Wel'(l ~imillll'ly cO;lcerae<l hindl'ance iu id,-.ltificalion t'''eept in the case of
the '\IID)' and ~a''l', and Dinnb, employed Il)' the Photog,,,phy
wllh ,,"Illching ,\!lied const"lleliou acti"il" par. dispersed ail'Craft end... in (he wnr and 01 A.\
Anl1r alone. ,\ltilUdes flown wel'6 generalh' 10,. 30. Camel'll' UlOSI ,,-idely,,~ il\Japane~ ph~to
t ieUlllrl)' the develop'lJenl of nil'fields inA u~;rlllia, defell;;el) nl Okinawa. 1.1. Comdr. Ezaki, ilClIior
000 melers. whieh with" 2.:; ~rn ~ame,.,. b';"'e n planes ,,"ere:l~ CUI. and 50 CI11. focal 1\·"j..'1h eoP'e.~
Some work wns doue ill lhe use of "crill! pholo- ,m""l 1'1 olt\eer, {dl thllt his men had heeu able
I,holo !!Cale of I: ~O.OOO and with a liO ern earnera of the U. S. }o'.irehild K-4>. which h&<1 be<.'11 de"el-
scl,le of I: W.DOO-ooth too small for a~eU1'81~ gtap~IS 011 a slrictl,l' sketch Imsis fOl' mupping and 10 pick up AA rlefen~ and ill mOSI cafiCS 10 i~n.
ope.I b~' romnlCreinl ron.,..,",' nnd aCl:Cllte<1 b~' bolh
plottl11g hydrogral,hie infnrnllitioli. All of lhis lif" Ihem rebti,'cl)' "ceUl'llle.ly. The same feehng
work by U. S. standards. A few ~lI'1ies were ""r"i""", The ~Ianrlard phOIO plane. M)·rl. e.r·
dllta was "'-'nleilher "erbnl1y Or by mewo 10 head· \\'~ lIot tme of ground ,lelenl;eS, ho..-e'·e.r. Also,
flown with scales ajJ larb'e as 1:8,000, h\lL these ried lise.1 moulI!> lor ."tolll.tie ol'erat~oo, all~!
"'ere the ex"",plione. Wherever possible. ,-ertieal qU8l'ters, but 110 Sl>eci/ic "'o,'k WIlS requested from nhhough ooth lhe Al'm~' nml Xn",· ?ft".n lried,
1 couhltnke 110 ""lJO'iUrl."iIl>'tl' lUn!!a",ine. :So l'ron·
pholog......l'hs took p~iorit)·. Illtl~e lale" slab'CS of
head'luaI1ers",
'Ill"
or "ns
. ..
lufor","llon u, l't'g"n neither waS nblo to pick up electronu:II Ill,talla.
tions at lhe lICale of l'hotogmphy a-"8ilnhle.
,iOll ",a, Inade,llOwe'-fr. for \"Rri.ble a"gle nlOm\~
Ihe Ok1l1aWa eampn'gn, howe"er, ,t WaS often noo- t? operotions lind plans l;assed oul 10 the Pl5£«:' or for oblique phologn.pl,y, excel,l h)' hand lk'hl
tlon, Com:n;md ~njel"S were s"m~1 im!'!l locawd hy de·
1'llS&'1' to take obliques .at llO'n6 ~isl8nce froUl the
21. As was t), . duction fl'(lm lmek lIel;'·ity. ~ameru. .
tar¥",.l because of the "'crease In Amerieau AA
III GlIadalcallal
J c:<pe",ence of ~n,'V iUleqwetets 3L Although Jnl18'''''''' 1,llOtogml'l,~' "".• ' t<,<,hm·
aeu"'L}', I'llpeciall.\· (rom .hil)!!. ,. 1
-, J .
nllu Il"a, A,'Uly photo intelligence 20. /{el'orl;,19 .lIetl,()f/$ in oolh th~ ,\rmy aull t:llllJ good. photographic sup!,lie", r'I\\'CIl\lly fi1lo,
17. In tbe Southwest Puifie. ~nl')'lIlanes frorn o lee!"li 1ll,llheir
. ... 01" l!luted thnnwhout, most 0f
kl· . X""y "pparent!J' vnried with ~ach nuit. A" p,-e. been",... critical as Il,e war pro~1 and alMI.'d
," ewn"lllre ~' '" "iou~ly luenlioued, some ,-eports we.l~ ",,;1>8\,
nabaul new l;Qr1ies a8 far south as ,\lunda and f l/O',)ng On airfield [1mgrCS$ ,'\'\ <l~' anothe.r {aClor 10 the cllrtailmem of I,hotos t"ken,
ennes, lind genel",l rlC\"elol'ment aet;"ity ~t I\lIicd llO1ll6 ~.-e,-e by n,emo, and some merely conSlsl",!
RESTRJCTED RESTlUCfED
'" 121
 RESTR1CfED JAP INTEL Exhibit D lid' INTEL Exhibit 0
C. Termi" inlel"pl1'lation : Mount~iuf<, tiv, ~. Inlfrpretlti"n of da!trul::tic-.
~2: ~o .·If.. ,·t ,,.,,_ II,~dc to mall"f"dll'~ ~p""i"1 SUMMARY OF INSTRUCfION GIVEN IN ft!', to"d5. eOll"nHn;C"t;O"". eo"et, be"ches, IlJ. 11o\\" '" illl.. rprrt lIf'JtIfil'l'B.
",,,b,le I,hot" I"b- f"r ~,,,,,,lsh"re.bR"''I1""ils. III FIRST JAPANESE NAVY A E R I A l geol'\l!")" II. Inf,.,. ~, plovt,!) inlfrpm.tion:
faCI.the few lab« """,I wen'loeat",1 inte"l, llr olher PHOTO INTELLIGENCE COURSE d. ~lilit~,·.1' I~,·_it;on~: .\A ,~ ... it;OIlS, CD t,,,,,,p,,ri,,~ infra t"d alld llanchroll'lltic
n""il"LI/l hOl"inlf. "lid ~ul'l'li"d "itt. 0111,' SII1"11
~e~·doping t"nk_. "n.l mher iimih'll ~"l<li]>II"'tlt, (1"'o.)p"l'"d f,,,· Ussns b)' IA. Comdr, EMki, senior
po.ilio"s. ElII1h\\"ul'k!i. I~. I",trutti"u. f"r .\PI <lfti,..:>", in rom_
~h,ps, e:.1.IP.Ci"lly ellrrie,.", 1""."..""",1 I'h0101f""l'hie J"plllle_"l'\',,,')· pholO inll·l1ig"uce olliec,')
e, Mililal'Y tOlHruelioll. Makill~ ha'I~- """,r1" f,..~" i,,,,,,"~.
f. ObMade,;, in lind under wRter. ,\Iukinj.! ,,·et'kl~· ."d monthly
lallOl"lltor,e;;. but ". f,u'"~ i~ kilO"",,. II..ne """s 1l~1
for l'foeOllllaio'$llllt'e 1'"l'po.,,;e;;, O'iTl.,"" .0. ,,"0 '1'.\ Ill,'; 0" C,,"'J'''''Tll (>p I'NEI'.'N"'1'OE)"

33, Ahho"gh a lillie eol...r work ,,",,< donc nc"r .\1'1 S\·",.,,,..-~ ORGANIZATION CHART OF
the en~l l>f Ihe w,,,.. J"p"ne",," ('Olo,. phOl"I;""IIhy l. NR"J ,'"",o."'''S al p"'><:,,,t in II,;e: Types, pur. FIRST PHOTOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS UNIT
was sol! in Ihe e"l'erimelllni 81"/!:" Rnd w", II0t I"'$IS. capaLi[itil'll-<i.i"",n.'l!!i'ln of.
oeriO\lsly oollside~l "perntion"Uy. (DAI ICHI SHASHIN SAGYOTAI)
2. \'"l'iollS mClhods of taking phOtogl'l'l,hs: lie.
Bibliography
~I)l'eli ,'0
cap'lbilil illS and cha ,""Cl\,,.ibl ics. JAPANESE ARMY
3. Deliuition of API: The ide,,1 is nol m"'~IJ'
~~. TI'e f.o~~,,"in;! intel'l"ogn,ions of J"pan""" lhat of distinguishi"", obje<:ts but nl.>o tlJllt of (OBTAINED FROM MAJOR SHIMADA. UNIT CO)
oll,e,ab b~' l1"::iBS I""·,, heell "5e<I"s ref/l,",,,:e "'a.
ler;al in II'/ll'rep"ration of this rellOrt:
Lt. C,mdr. Ez.~ki.IJ~, Sen;or Photog""phie In.
making factual ,,"d capable inte"l"'N,"iolls,
a. neeo!>",il iOll.
I>. Deeision.
I COIolIolANDING OFFICER I
lcrpN:tation Officer. c. r,,(cl"(mCt: .
• Major Sh~m"d", IJ.,\. Com",anding Ollicer. IS\. d. [nterprCl"tion (..om {OJ·Ill.
I hotolfrRI'I"c 0l'c,.>1I'OnS Unit. IJA. 4. Capabilities of API; I I I 1
Mr. Houa. Optical Phr.ici.l, 0l'lic,,1 Section,
B,... nd, .\.,.,..,n,,1 of bt ~",.al '\'''''n,,1. Yokos"kn.
CapUlin ShibalR. llllnzo, IJX. Ope,·"tions Omcer
a. l','illeiples of i"lCl"P"cting form. How
to "se the stereoscope.
L. ~.''';Is. a,~d cap:,bilities (of inethods)
HOC. UNIT
ADMINISTRATION
'"
PLATOON
,"
PLATOON
'
PLATOON
..
of Ihe 21st Air Fleel "ndcr the 11th .\.;r Fleet "I for d'Sllllgm,hmg h,,'gln "nd disl"nce. INTELLIGENCE
naLaul. e. Abil;l)" to distinguish oLj~'Cts On air SUPPLY
Gell"ral K"wabo.-. Commandill/!: General. Ai"
GHQ, J,UF.
photCl$. Limits of enl~'·g"'"eU1.
d. B"",. depth "nd lellgllo "f objedli Oil
FINA'ICE.
,."
PLATOON
Lt. Gen .•\ris...., G-2, Annl' Gen",.,.1 Stair. phllios.
~ Rear Admiral Tomiokn, IJX. X""'al Gen"r,,1 U. Ho\~' t" "'''k.e dUll·t.s showillg ,~sllits of in.
:;:itafr. te'·llret" .. o" ("""10"5 t,l'J)(>$). I
Col. )Ii..·,.,hi, JA.H', OP.. ""tiOIlS Oflker. ,\i,'
Gcneral Slaff. .
Il. 110".' 10 "".. ehal1s fo,' delel'",i"i"g sc,de of
slIl,,1I oIlJC(:ts, HOI\" to lise small dilfcl'o.)"ees in I I I
. Call1ai,, Ohmae. Chief. bt Section, 1st l-kpl.
scale ".tld to)IJ(lb'C size or objcels by dired i"ter.
l'ret"l.lon wah Ihe SI"l"o:;<:ope.
ADMINISTRATION \
~NCO,IOEM
I INTERPRETATION
~OFF,~EM
\
I PRODllCTlON
I OFF I
X""al G"neral StatIo
;, J.'UUillg togeth"r g'""l'hs "si"" ,te,"l)O ('Om·
1-;'. Col. Matsumura, JAA~', 10th Air Dh'ision. pa"atlnl height finders. "
Comdr. OkumiJ"a, IJ:", 1\"a,·.1 G"ne,.al St"ff
~, ~~it.\, fo" defi"in:.: Ihe .leg'"'' of acc"r"cy I
Comdr. Xakajim", IJ~, St"tr Intellif,"'llce Olli. of Hlleqn"tatioll. I I
~..:>r. Hq., Combin"d X&\"al ~'orces.
9, M"i~l ]loinls ulJ<mt Ihe \·"r;o"s IJ'l}C;l of in. COORDINATION 1ol0SAIC
lerpret"tlon. PflOTO
Comdr, Terni, IJ.\". N""al G,,"eral Staff.
MATERIEL (PM'o LOb.} 2: NCO
Comdr. y"ku"'.IJX ,~tb Section. "ani Ge',
Slaff. . er"
I ". [llterp'"lnliOll of ai" buses.
Metl,od of defi"in).\" pl"Il/lI)'I.e;;.
I NCO. 2: EM ~NCO.IO EM ".
Comdr. Imai LJX. ;,th Sectiun, Xaval General .,,[etloo<l of {.l<~tilli"g IYP"5 of bases.
Staff. Uen""al IIO'ntH n"t«!"ar\" fo,' i"wr'
Comdr. Y.rnaf,'1lchi, I.J X, 1st Air T<:<:hni".1 lle. [1J"t"liQn. .
TOU .. COMP .. EMENT 22 OFFICERS, ,~NCO'" lT~ [N"'SHO MEN
llenrch AtIle".1. . h. ~''',",11 "~I inlel'l>l'l:'tation: GuiJ6 l<l
'\1"jQr Tof,"', J.\J\ F, 10th Air Oi,·is;on. J<lentdkation of lnerd"'ht ",.,",'15 1"",lil1)!
NOH' oRGAN,Z.toTl0N Of TNE 'ST,~Rb ANO AliI P .. ATOONS WAS TO HAVE 8EEN
c",ft, nr~, cmisers, Bll~, cv... " 'OENTleAL W,1H THAT SHOWN A80VE fOR THE 2ND PLATOON. BUT TH'S WAS NEVEl!
RESTRJCfED 122 ACHIEVED
123 RESTRlcrED
U'200_ "'__D
IlI!SI1UCTED
JA.P INrBL Emlhit D
."mpti(>,LS when ""jng an intl'rpl'llti~
hMed Oil d"IMil~<1 ;1I1<""I',""IIII;on.
ReJKtio,,~ bel,." ... tI mlli" i"lelli~,"'IlL"" prohl",,>.
V.Jut. of roccnt ,>.'.:ou".i_nc6 ••hut.:
I'W inh·lIij.."'Il"e, and AI'. '
(I....'" the field as training Illsleri.l11. III
I~ow to ]"",,1,11'. ""'''''nl,I<" "",I "lili~.., UNITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY
ImtJ:O'·IIl.',ce.of If1li~ling in night inler.
n'l'\d~y ~1lI1111""8I\l'" photos.
1~ .... tn\lO~l In VIC'" of nnporlallce in frobt EllI'Opeaa War
\;J. itl'Il"llCII?,1.8 On tr"ining in API ",,,lhOl]$:
1""""''1; in ability 10 milk,; thPOn.lt;cal hne dUII""-
,("dil'll, ill ,""asc",ing lind in decision. I IIl]1'OrlIlUce of oollecting photo "'Iller" 1
How lO exl'....o';S _,,,lts of API. for 1150 in ,\1'1 '!'!lining. " LIST OF REPORTS
. t,npol'llll~l'e of i'l\' ti/!"ling ael",,1 o\.>· Emphasis on illlp<>J1aIlCe of a"oidi,
)l'Cl~ after "'lerp....I"'g them. i"lu;til'(l.intcl'protntioll~ Klld on nhility;l! The f"nO"'("! lin of .tudi.. i... blbllograpb)' 01 cool·
23 Al"minJun"r.,k G
G<rmany
I'll b H Plant So
, .
lllnke logically rensoned dC<:1sioll8, 0 pleted ",po'le , ...ult",! lrolll the Go,m.. " OUrl or. Repo't. 2. G<bcuocle' Giulini G m b H, Ludwlpllafal., 0.-
Illlp'Jrtn""" or makillg llel1inent no" uuo,belll I, 2, ""d 3 Ull be l,ur<h....,.J lrom l1,e S"I>erill·
100<10'" 01 Do,ume",,", Go"o""O",lI Pri"ti,,! Offi~,
_0'
25 1.,It..,hilll>.." Zeppehn G ... b H, Ftied~
W..hlostoO, I). C. p..",i.,.;o" 10 ....mine the: romo.i"i"J "" f\<>de,,_, Germa"j'
repo'lJI m..y be ho.d by "'rili,,g to the I\e.o.dq ... rl.... 01 26 """,Io.od W.,lo A G, l;lm, GerttI.....
,I'e SuC"ov a~ Gravelly Pol"" W.. hh',,,,o 25. I), C. 27 Rudolph 1Lo"'.,,baoh l... ieb'-W~· /IcIHII-
I Tl,e' Uoiled Sial.. Strategic llombi", ~u,... y: l"". eerm..llr
Summa,y lIoport (Europea" Wu).
2 The U"iled ~"'\.OIl 8'.... '.gi. llombi", S""'ey:
2!l Li"""'.,ke
V_i"igte /o.l"... i"i".......m A G, 1 - .
G<,....,,)'
Over-all lie",," (E"rol""''' Wa') 29 \·ere:i"i~'e Do.u, .. be ~1 ...a1I.... '~e. Hodrle"'hol-.
3 The Elf""", of Stratogic Bombi,,! 0" the G<11l""
\1',,,
E.onomy 30 1l~='{let.lI.·e<k•.\ C. Durer> \I ........... _BmIll
.t Waren. G<"""'o,'
AIlICRAI'T 01,",510,,"
AREA STl:OIES DU1S10S
(lly Di"j,ion a"d llra".b)
3' A..... 8'udi.. Ili\ioi<>n R<vort
5
Al,eralt Di,'i.ioll Io"h"lr)' RepOrt
l"'rectio" Vi,'" 10 Vl>riou' Target. ($pe.ial Re·
32 A I)ctalled Stnd)' 01 tbe 1'11""'"
of A..... Boml>l,..
on 11"""l>u,",,
:l3 A Dctalled 8tu~y of We FJl"eeu 01 ,,_ Bombinc
1""1)
A o~~r,~S,~dv of the Efleeta of A_ Bombi,..
AI,fr.me. IIruoh
34
() JlL,,~e .. Ai...",I' .."d Aero E",ine ,,"o,ko, ~'" 0" DII_ldorf-
Ge,m"")' . . ali .1 Detailed Slud)' of the ~:fI",,'. 01 A_ Bo...bioK
};,I.. ~l"""hioen,,·.,k. G m b H, ll.lt.rI>h.~, G<,. 0" Soliull""
36 A IMailed SluM of ,be E1f""u 01 .\ ..... BolllblDK
S "T,"n"VC M_I'i"."h"". C '" b H. Leip,i, (~lo<k- 0" }l.e",..he:i<I .
37 "Deu.iled Study 01 ,I,. Elf""", or A..... Bom'~"R
o ""l. C.,ma"l·
GOlh... , W_nfab,ik A G, Gotha, (J."n.."y on Do.,""I.. d'
10 f",,~e w"lf - "i... ",1t Pla"t, U'Cn'en, Ge,m."y 38 "Oc,ailed S,OOj' 01 lb. ~:I!:«:", 01 A_ Bon,l,i"R
O'.eT-"lI &I"'rt On Lu""""
~Ic_ ....l,,"lt< ,I G,A"",.huTI!. Part A :J'.l A \lr"" S'ud,- 01 the ElI",-",'_. 01 A_ llombi''ll 011

" Ge""a,,)' I'.." U

\ AWe,,,li~ 1. 11, 111
12 no",i., Wo,I.', ~'ri<>I";ol"hafefl .Il M"niob, Geo·
U.riill, AUlPbuTf', Boob",n, l.. ifn"', 1I_n. I)ort·
m""d. Ol>e,lia",;en, :«:h..,.;"lun, and U",,,,,,,,

many CI\·ILlAN DEt"ENS! DI\'ISIOS

13 Ge,ha,d Fie,..,le, II·e,k. G m b II, "...,.,\. Cerma"y
14 Weine, Ne""aedle' ~,,,g,,,"~n,,,ke, \\'1.,,", :O;e"· 40 Ch-lIi"", Ocf....'" Di,i,I<,,,,-.·i"'" \l.epo"
.....Il, ,I".. ri.. ~I COl<>l!'lO Field HOI"'''
l~ 110"" Field R.I",rt
Aero Eee/n•• lI,an<~ ~3
H Ila",b"~ •· ..1<1 ltel"'''_Vo' I, Tv:'; Vol ll,
110."0".' F;'ld lIel"'''
t;.·
I~ 1I"..i", :>AG ~,,,~n,oto,",, ...,,ke G '" b II, II",,,... bil,i",
...Ick, Ger,,,a,,)' 45 lIod Ol_le F;'I<I \I.e!"'rt
If, ~li"cl_I>C"'o<ll,e ~It>,ol't''''''e,k" G ,,' h 11, T..n.h", ~6
17 Dc,m",,\.Ioto,,,,o,k; I,,", ~;i",,,,,,"I' .I: D,,,,,,,,l,,,I,
ll",'"''''''
~7 H_pt~" "re»
""Vb"", Field \l.eport
III lIa,ana. Ge,,'''''r
t;QUlPMENT 1)1\'18101'
18 Ba~~;i:::l~~' ~lo,o"''''''''I.. A G (\I~lW) Mu"ioh,
tlee\riul Dn"~
19 Ce""",,!'IngnlOlon''''''.<"<''
Hen..,l",1 "a_I, {]<o''''a'')'
4S Cerroa" E~'ri.al t:qull''''"u' Iml",Ir)· l!<'port
IJlbl Me'al It,.n,h ~v u"'..·" 1Io¥I'l"1 N ('ie, ~'al\l,I>e"u l.;alo"a1, GoT-
"",")'
Li~h~ ~Ie\alo In,I",,,)" JI'.,I 1. Alm"lllU'"
of G.""""Y '1'n't ll. ~la.,,,(,.;o,~n O,~e.l and Prffiolon I..." .....' - "
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