Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region XII—Division of Sultan Kudarat

BAMBAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Senior High School Department
Isulan, Sultan Kudarat, 9806

ZUMBA ACTIVITY OF BAMBAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL: EFFECTS TO

THE PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH OF THE STUDENTS

_________________________________________________________________

A Research Paper Presented to the

Senior High School Department of Bambad National High School
Bambad, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat
_________________________________________________________________

In partial fulfillmentof the requirements

in Practical Research and Research Project for the S.Y. 2019-2020
_________________________________________________________________

Proponent
Agustin,Jesa May
Baloyo, Airene
Catalan, Angel Mae
Fajarito, Vincent
Ganado, Marvin
Javellana, Jheff
Taban-ud, Teryns

October 2019
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region XII- Division of Sultan Kudarat
BAMBAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

Approval Sheet

The research title entitled, “Zumba Activity of Bambad National High

School; Effects to the Physical and Emotional Health of the Students”,
submitted in fulfilment of the requirements in:

Practical Research and

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion

in the Senior High School of Bambad National High School, Isulan Sultan
Kudarat, School Year 2019-2020 has been examined and approved by the
thesis committee:

PRINCESS GAVILENO, T-I

Chairman

FERRY JANE P. BARTOLOME, T-II JERSHON ROY G. GACAYAN, T-II

Member Member

ALVIN RAY P. GARCIA, TII

Research Adviser

GERARD A. JULLAR, MT-II CHRISTY S. BAGAYAS

Asst. to the Principal (SHS) Secondary School Principal I

March 2020
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to extend their thanks to the following
persons for their valuable contribution;
To our beloved Principal Mrs. Christy S. Bagayas of Bambad Naational
High School and Mr. Gerard A. Jullar for giving us permission to conduct
our research inside our school campus;
To Mr. Alvin Ray Garcia, Practical Research teacher ,for guiding us
all the way in making research and for his assistance for the
accomplishment of this study;
To the participants who lend their time and effort to answer our
adopted questionnaire without hesitation.
To our Parents who gave their fullest support in terms of financial
needs and their undying motivation on making this research project without
them this wouldn’t possible; and
To our friends and classmates who willingly helped in making this
study and providing us their heartfelt support.
The researcher would like to express their deepest gratitude to our
almighty God for has been gracious to us in all times.

A big THANKS!
The Researcher.
 Dedication

This research paper is lovingly dedicated to our

Research teacher,
Parents,
Beloved relatives,
Friends,
Classmates,
Students, and
Above all to our almighty God who showers his blessings.

Researchers
 Table of Contents

Acknowledgement iv
Dedication vii
Table Contents viii
List of Tables x
Lists of Figures xii
Abstract xiii

Chapter Page
1 The Problem and its Setting
Introduction 1-2

Statement of the Problem 3

Hypothesis/Assumption 3

Significance of the Study 4-5

Scope and Delimitations 5

Definition of terms 6-7

Framework of the study 8

Chapter
2 Review of Literature and Studies
Benefits of Zumba 9-10
Physical activity and physical fitness of 10-18
children and adults
Zumba Activity as Aerobic fitness 19-20

Chapter

3 Methodology
The Research Design 21

The Research Locale 21-22

The Participant of the Study 23

Data gathering 23

Analysis of data 23
 Scoring procedure 24
Research Ethics and Protocol 25

Chapter
4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation and
Descriptive Statistics 26-27

Chapter
5
Summary 28
Findings 28
Conclusions 29
Recommendations 30

References 31-33
Appendices 34-38

Curriculum vitae 39-40

 List of tables

1 Scale and Table

2 Descriptive Statistics
 List of Figures

1 Schematic diagram showing the parameter of the study

2 The geographical map of the locale of the study where the study will
be conducted
 Abstract

Zumba is considered to be one of the most popular group exercise

classes offered worldwide and is one of the largest branded international
fitness programs. It is the easy way to lose weight and helps them de-stress.
The purpose of this study was to determine the the effects of Zumba in
terms of effectiveness to the Physical Health and Emotional health of the
students and to what extent does zumba activity of Bambad NHS is effective
to the students. The respondents of this study were the selected grade 7 up
to grade 12 students. This study was conducted at Bambad National High
School,Purok Silang, Bambad, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat. Additionally the
researcher used in this study is the descriptive survey design, which is a
method which involves observing and describing the behaviour of a subject
without influencing it on anyway.
Thus the result proves that the selected participants were proficient to
conduct this Zumba activity to the students of Bambad National High
School.
 Chapter 1

The Problem

Introduction
Zumba is considered to be one of the most popular group exercise
classes offered worldwide and is one of the largest branded international
fitness programs (Barker, 2012). The Latin-inspired dance workout
incorporates various dance genres, such as salsa, merengue, and flamenco.
Appealing to a wide variety of people, or “everybody,” this low-to high
intensity exercise class set to upbeat and energetic music markets an
environment of fun and fitness, hence it takes “the ‘work’ out of workout,”
(Zumba Fitness, 2016).
Zumba began in the mid-1990s and was created by Alberto “Beto”
Perez as a “happy accident” because he forgot his music for an aerobics
class he was teaching and subsequently had to improvise and blend his
knowledge of Latin-based dance and aerobic exercise (Women Fitness Clubs
of Canada, 2012). Today, Zumba Fitness offers a wide variety of Zumba
classes for a variety 7 of populations, including Zumba Gold for older
populations, Zumba Kids, Zumba Toning, and even AquaZumba. The class
which provided the context for this study was the original Zumba class.
Zumba is a newly-developed exercise program with dance and aerobic
elements which are first originated in Columbia and widely spread all over
the world. Offering participants to meet American College of Sports Medicine
criteria for recommended cardiovascular exercise intensity, it was predicted
to be one of most prevailing fitness classes in 2012. Zumba appears to
promote healthy lifestyle not only by positively affecting body composition
and helping maintenance of healthy body weight, but also by reducing daily
stress due to itsenjoyable and motivating nature. Contrary to its popularity,
there are only few scientific reports about the consequences of Zumba.
Recognizing the types of injuries that are common in Zumba is the key step
for establishing specific preventive measures. With this paper, we present an
otherwise healthy young female who developed bilateral tibial stress
fractures after starting Zumba class.
Traditional definitions of physical health prior to the onset of modern
medicine would have considered someone physically healthy if he or she was
not stricken with a serious illness. With modern medical innovations came
longer life spans, which changed the way we define physical health. Today's
definition can consider everything ranging from the absence of disease to
fitness level.
Accordingly, any form of Zumba has a significant effect to one’s
physical andsocial, emotional health and stability. Being one of the
institutions practicing Zumba as part of the daily ceremony of the school,
the researchers believed that this activity might have possible effect of the
students. This led to thye development of this study which is to determine
the effect to the physical and social health to the students. Possible result
may help the students maintain a good cardiovascular respiratory system
and help them de-stress which can be a mean to perform better in class.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine the effect of Zumba activity to the
physical and emotional health of the students. This will be conducted to the
selected Grade 7 up to grade 12 students at Bambad National High School,
Isulan, Sultan Kudarat during the school year 2019-2020.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the effects of Zumba activity to students’ physical and

emotional health?

2. To what extent is the effect zumba activity of Bambad NHS is to the

students’ physical and emotional health?

Assumption
This study assumes that a persistent Zumba activity of Bambad
National High School will improve students physical and emotional health
such as it makes them distress and will improve their coordination, mood,
weight loss and will makes them happy.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to know what the effect of Zumba to Physical is and
Emotional Health of the students. The findings may significantly important
to the student’s health in the planning, preparation, and implementation of
the new program. This study is beneficial to the following;

Administration. The result may provide information as basis for

improvement of the physical and social health of students of Bambad
National High School.

Teachers. This may encourage teachers to give feedback to the

participation of the students on Zumba Activity.
 People in the Community. This study helps them to minimize or
decrease the personal stresses that they’ve encountered in their lives
and may opt to do Zumba as an aid for their stresses

Students.The study helps them to know how Zumba activity in the

school the positive or significant impact they could get and they could
be able to change or modified their habit if necessary.

Researcher. This study will give us appropriate understandingof the

Zumbaactivity of Bambad National High School.

Future Researcher. This study will serve as an aid for future

information and study as their guide in the field of study concern.

Scope and Delimitations

This study was conducted at Bambad National High School, Isulan,
SultanKudarat. The participants involved in the study were the selected
Grade 7 up to grade 12 students. This study is only delimits on the effects of
zumba to physical and emotional health of the students.

The study used descriptive survey design on which survey

questionnaires were be employed to the participants. Gathering of data
were treated with descriptive statistics depicting the mean, frequency
distribution and standard deviation.
Definition of Terms
The following terms used in the study are defined conceptually or
operationally for clarity and a better understanding of the concepts.

Zumba.It is an exercise fitness created by Colombian dancer and

choreographer Alberto Perez during the 1990’s. A Zumba class
combines fast and slow rhythms that tone and sculpt the body using
principles from aerobic and fitness to achieve cardio and muscle-
toning benefits. Operationally it is an exercise, which is planned,
structured, and repetitive physical and emotional fitness that
increases energy expenditure.

Physical Health.As opposed to mental or emotional health—is the

overall physical condition of a living organism at a given time. It is the
soundness of the body, freedom from disease or abnormality, and the
condition of optimal well-being. It is when the body is functioning as it
was designed to function.

Emotional health. Is an important part of overall health. People who

are emotionally healthy are in control of their thoughts, feelings and
behaviours. They are able to cope with life’s challenges. They can keep
problems and perspectives and bounce back from setbacks. They feel
good about themselves.

Students.A student is primarily a person enrolled in a school or other

educational institution who attends classes in a course to attain the
appropriate level of mastery of a subject under the guidance of an
instructor and who devotes time outside class to do whatever activities
the instructors assigns that are necessary either for class preparation
or to submit evidence of progress towards the mastery. Operationally,
they are used as the respondents of the study.

School. It is a place where people go to learn about topics such as

reading, writing and mathematics. In a school or University, one or
more teachers help students to learn. Operationally, a place where the
study conducted.
Framework of the Study

Theoretical Framework
Current knowledge on the motivations to engage in exercise
acknowledge the experience of joy, or feeling enjoyment, as a strong self-
determined motive effecting a person’s choice, persistence, and efforts to
move (Frederick & Ryan, 1993; Jackson, 2000; Priebe&Spink, 2011; Schrop,
et al., 2006; Stuntz & Weiss, 2010). However, researchers in the sport and
exercise domains acknowledge that “…it is difficult to use enjoyment to
study, understand, and explain people’s physical activity experiences when
enjoyment itself is not very well

Conceptual Framework
The figure below shows relationship between the two variables
(independent and dependent variable) that will be carried out in this study.
The independent in this study is Daily Zumba Activity of Bambad NHS and
the dependent variable in this study is the Effect to the Physical and Social
health of the students.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

DaDADa
Zumba Activity of The Effects to the Physical
Bambad NHS and Emotional Health of the
Students
understood,” (Kimiecik&
 Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the review related literature and studies which
is significantly relevant to the study. The readings and materials are related
to the effects of Zumba activity to the physical and social health of the
students.

Benefits of Zumba
The following literature review offers background for our research
question, which focuses on women’s perspectives of what contributes to
their overall well-being. By looking at factors such as: the successful aging
theory, determinants of well-being, and the impact of general dance and
Zumba on people’s lives, a foundation of knowledge is created. Through our
literature review, Zumba and Zumba Gold are featured to show their impact
on the lives of older women. We first look at the Successful Aging theory.
This theory has shaped contemporary thought about the lives of older
individuals and how they implement activities into their everyday lives. We
then examine the evidence related to the determinants of well-being of older
women. We found importance in the exploration of dance and the
relationship it had to older women. The topic of dance within the research is
looked at from a physical health perspective and all the advantages it
provided to the participants in those studies. Finally, physical and cognitive
benefits through dance and Zumba are closely looked at as it provides a
foundation of knowledge prior to conducting our own research study.
Current knowledge on the motivations to engage in exercise
acknowledge the experience of joy, or feeling enjoyment, as a strong self-
determined motive effecting a person’s choice, persistence, and efforts to
move (Frederick & Ryan, 1993; Jackson, 2000; Priebe&Spink, 2011; 6
Schrop., 2006; Stuntz& Weiss, 2010). However, researchers in the sport and
exercise domains acknowledge that “…it [is] difficult to use enjoyment to
study, understand, and explain people’s physical activity experiences when
enjoyment itself is not very well understood,” (Kimiecik& Harris, 1996. This
review of literature will therefore take a broad approach by focusing on a
brief description and history of Zumba, a phenomenological orientation, the
experience of emotion, experiences of joy outside of sport and physical
activity, and various movement philosophies and approaches that may offer
a starting point and dialogue to understanding joy during exercise.
Specifically, this review of literature will examine: a) a description of Zumba
and Zumba-related research to date; b) what it means to adopt a
phenomenological orientation for a research project and the philosophy on
which this orientation is based, c) a phenomenological review of emotions,
joy, and the lived body, d) philosophical approaches to movement, and e) joy
through the FunctionFlow model.

Physical Activity and Physical Fitness of Children and Adults

In this chapter, we review the current health problem, physical
fitness and activity among children and adolescences; we look into the
definitions of health, physical activity, and the relationship between health
and physical activity. World health is in transition. Increasing numbers of
people practice a sedentary lifestyle and eat unhealthy diets - two habits
that are responsible for the most chronic diseases in our world. Most
children must go to school; a school-based intervention is a wise choice; so
we also reviewed some school-based interventions. Since research method is
a critical area in our study, we also review a brief history of fitness tests of
youth, and the rationale, reliability and validity of FITNESSGRAM, which
were used in our study. Finally, we review the research method for its
effectiveness in assessing children’s physical activity, obesity and the factors
that could influence children’ physical fitness such as physical activity
levels, stage of maturation. 2.2 DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH Figure 2-01
Definition of health Source: Neiman, 2002, p4 Health has been defined in
many different ways throughout history. The ancient Greek physicians
believed health to be a condition of perfect body equilibrium. The ancient
Chinese believed that health was a reflection of a vital body force called "Qi"
(Edelman &Mandle, 1986). In contrast, Western medicine attempted to
understand the construct of Health Mental Health Absence of mental
disorders, ability to meet daily challenges and social interactions without
undue mental, emotional, or behavioral problems Physical Health Absence
of disease and disability; energy to accomplish daily tasks and active leisure
without undue fatigue Social Health Ability to interact effectively with other
people and the social environment, enjoying satisfying personal
relationships.
Health by analysing its single components rather than the
interconnection of the various parts. The Western approach has been
advocated throughout the world for years, which led the international
medical community to focus primarily on disease and disability. Only
recently has this medical outlook begun to gradually change towards a more
holistic view. In 1946, The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health
(Figure 2-01) as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease” (WHO, 1946, p.1). Good health,
according to Neiman (1998), might be better defined as the presence of
“sufficient energy and vitality to accomplish daily tasks and active
recreational pursuits without undue fatigue”. Good health to an individual
means that you can lead a full and active life day in-and-out (working,
running a household, attending classes, studying, participating in
recreational activities, and enjoying an active social life without collapsing
into bed each night, exhausted), contract infectious disease less often, and
tend to fight off infectious disease better than those who are sedentary. This
affects not only one’s health today, but also the quality of life in later years.
Generally, good health enjoyed by individuals can be assessed
statistically on a national level by average life spans. Optimal health (Figure
2-02) is defined as a balance of physical, emotion, social, spiritual and
intellectual health. Lifestyle change can be facilitated through a combination
of efforts to (1) enhance awareness, (2) change behavior and (3) create
environments that support good health practices. Of the three, supportive
environments will probably have the greatest impact in producing lasting
changes (Michael, 1989).Wellness is an approach to personal health that
emphasizes individual responsibility for well-being through the practice of
health-promoting lifestyle behaviors. It is an all-inclusive concept that
encourages good health behaviors to improve quality of life and reduce the
risk of premature disease (Neiman, 2002, p.3). Health behavior is defined as
the combination of knowledge, practices, and attitudes that together
contribute to motivate the actions people take regarding health and wellness
(Neiman, 2002, p.3). Health promotion is the process of enabling people to
increase control over, and to improve, their health (WHO, 1986).
Health promotion is also the science and art of helping people change
their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health. The health
continuum (Figure 2-03) shows that between optimal health and death lies
disease, which is preceded by a prolonged period of negative lifestyle habits.
Individual behaviors and environmental factors are responsible for about 70
percent of all premature deaths in the United States (Neiman, 2002, p.
Wellness is an approach to personal health that emphasizes individual
responsibility for well-being through the practice of health-promoting
lifestyle behaviors. It is all-inclusive concept that encourages good health
behaviors to improve quality of life and reduce the risk of premature disease
(Neiman, 2002, p.3).
Health behavior is defined as the combination of knowledge, practices,
and attitudes that together contribute to motivate the actions people take
regarding health and wellness (Neiman, 2002, p.3). Health promotion is the
process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their
health (WHO, 1986). Health promotion is also the science and art of helping
people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health. The
health continuum (Figure 2-03) shows that between optimal health and
death lies disease, which is preceded by a prolonged period of negative
lifestyle habits. Individual behaviors and environmental factors are
responsible for about 70 percent of all premature deaths in the United
States (Neiman, 2002, p.3).
Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by
skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure beyond resting
expenditure. Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is planned,
structured, repetitive, and purposeful in the sense that improvement or
maintenance of physical fitness is the objective (Exercise and physical
fitness, 2009; Exercise for children, 2009; WHO, 2010). Exercising is the
physical exertion of the body making it to physical activity which results in a
healthy or healthier level of physical fitness both mental and physical
health. Exercise physiology is a sub-discipline of kinesiology that addresses
the short-term biological responses to the stress of physical activity and how
the body adopts to repeated bouts of physical activity over time.
In this study, by exercise I mean the combination of physical exertion
of the body and dieting with the aim of promoting a higher level of physical
fitness, mental health and health in general. Dieting refers to the
combination of physical exercise and eating a variety of foods that give one
nutrients needed for energetic and healthy lifestyle. Dieting is often used in
combination with physical exercise to lose weight, commonly in those who
are overweight or obese. Healthy eating means, eating a variety of foods that
give you the nutrients you need to maintain your health, feel good and have
energy. The nutrients include protein, carbohydrates, fat, water, vitamins
and minerals.
The concept of health and healthy lifestyle here does not only imply
mere absence of disease or infirmity by a state of complete physical, mental
and social wellbeing. According to Physical activity guidelines for Americans
(2008) and WHO (2010), it is a concept emphasizing the eight aspects of
wellbeing into one´s life namely: emotional; environmental; financial;
intellectual; occupational; physical; social; and spiritual. Following this
broad definition, I use health and healthy lifestyle to encompass personal;
psychological; social; and physical capabilities and as a state of complete
physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the object of living,
and is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal recourses as well
as physical capabilities. Health is a fundamental human right, essential for
personal development and an essential component of development, vital to a
nation`s economic growth and internal stability (WHO, 2010).

Health-related physical fitness consists of those components of

physical fitness that have a relationship with good health. The components
are commonly defined as body composition, cardiovascular fitness,
flexibility, muscular endurance and strength. Skill-related physical fitness
consists of those components of physical fitness that have a relationship
with enhanced performance in sports and motor skills. The components are
commonly defined as agility, balance, coordination, power, speed and
reaction time. Prior to the last 40 years the distinction between health-
related and skill-related physical fitness was not typically made. Body
Composition is a health-related component of physical fitness that relates to
the relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone and other vital parts of the body
(USDHHS, 1996).
Cardiovascular Fitness is a health-related component of physical
fitness that relates to ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to
supply oxygen during sustained physical activity (USDHHS, 1996).
Cardiovascular fitness is also referred to as cardiovascular endurance,
aerobic fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness. A VO2 max test in the
laboratory setting is considered to be the best measure of cardiovascular
fitness. Commonly administered field tests include the One mile run/walk,
the 12-minute run, the PACER run for children and various bicycle, step,
and treadmill tests. Flexibility is a health-related component of physical
fitness that relates to the range of motion available at a joint (USDHHS,
1996).
Some experts specify that flexibility requires range of motion without
discomfort or pain (Howley& Franks, 1997). Flexibility is specific to each
joint of the body, thus there is no general measurement of flexibility as there
is for cardiovascular fitness. Flexibility is typically measured in the lab using
measurement devices such as a goniometer, flexometer and in the field with
test exercises such as the sit and reach, and the zipper. Muscular
Endurance is a health-related component of physical fitness that relates to
the muscle's ability to continue to perform without fatigue (USDHHS, 1996).
Muscular endurance is specific in nature. For true assessment of muscular
endurance it would be necessary to test each major muscle group of the
body. Lab and field tests of muscular endurance are similar and are based
on the number of repetitions that can be performed by the specific muscle
group being tested (example: repetitions of push-ups or abdominal curls).
Muscular endurance can be measured isometrically (static contractions) or
isotonically (dynamic contractions).
Physical Activity is defined as bodily movement produced by the
contraction of striated muscle that substantially increases energy
expenditure (USDHHS, 1996; ACSM, 2000). This definition includes
exercise, which is planned, structured, and repetitive physical activity aimed
at improving maintaining physical fitness, organized sports or games
(football, basketball), transport (walking, cycling), occupational physical
activity (manual labour, household chores) and non-organized, recreational
physical activities (Okely, Patterson &Boothet, 1998; ACSM, 2000).
Exercise can be divided into aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise.
Aerobic exercise, which uses oxygen to keep large muscle groups moving
continuously at intensity that can be maintained for at least 20 minutes.
Aerobic exercise uses several major muscle groups throughout the body,
resulting in greater demands on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
to supply oxygen to the working muscles. Aerobic exercise includes walking,
jogging, and swimming, and is the form recommended for reducing the risk
of heart disease and increasing endurance. Unlike anaerobic exercise, An
aerobic exercise involves heavy work by a limited number of muscles, for
example during weight lifting. These types of activities are maintained only
for short intervals, and the supply of oxygen is insufficient for aerobic
metabolism, resulting in a substantial oxygen debt and anaerobic
metabolism within those muscles. Another example is sprinting, in which
the exercise is high in intensity but short in duration, resulting in
substantial oxygen debt. Weight lifting and other types of anaerobic exercise
increase strength and muscle mass, but are of limited benefit to
cardiovascular health (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe 2003).
In 1968 American physician Kenneth Cooper coined the term aerobics
in his exercise book “Aerobics” (Copper, 1968). Cooper explains that
aerobics are: “. . . the foundation exercises on which any exercise program
should be built. These exercises demand oxygen without producing an
intolerable oxygen debt, so that they can be continued for long periods. They
activate the training effect and start producing all those wonderful changes
in your body.” Cooper openly admits that his were not the first assertions in
this direction. In his book, he describes the Pack Test, developed in the early
1940s for testing military personnel. Similar tests followed, such as the
Harvard Step Test and Master's Two-Step Test. All of these tests were
applied in an attempt to obtain and compare recovery heart rate values after
soldiers performed exertion. But he used the term to describe aerobic
exercises that “use oxygen to keep large muscle groups moving continuously
for at least 20 minutes”. Based on this definition, the name aerobics came to
refer to calisthenics taught to music. Americans Judi Sheppard Missett and
Jacki Sorensen were two early aerobics pioneers. They created early forms of
dance-based routines that became the basis of group fitness classes.
Americans Jane Fonda and Richard Simmons helped popularize aerobics in
the United States during the 1980s through instructional videotapes and
television programs. The impact of aerobic dance has been enormous: this is
an organized activity which did not exist before the early 1970s, and which
is embraced by millions of people, especially women, many of whom had
never exercised regularly before. It also provides people the opportunity to
participate in a group physical activity outside of the narrow realm of high
school and college sports (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe 2003).
Aerobic exercises include walking (at a speed less than 8 minutes per
mile), which requires little in the way of equipment and can be performed by
people of all ages, jogging/running (speed between 8 to 12 minutes per
mile), jumping rope, or some kinds of ball-games (such as football,
basketball, handball and etc.). All these forms of aerobic exercise combine
running with hand-eye or foot-eye coordination skills. Ball-games add a
slight anaerobic benefit to the aerobic benefits of running, since there is
some minor muscular resistance in each sport, such as shooting or kicking
the ball (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe, 2003).Physical activity of
moderate intensity has been recommended for health and well-being since
the time of Hippocrates (460–370 BC). The Greek physician Hippocrates, the
`father of medicine`, advised that "Eating alone will not keep a man well; he
must also exercise...." Only in the last two decades has consistent
epidemiological evidence identified that physical activity is a major
modifiable risk factor in the reduction of mortality and morbidity of many
chronic diseases (USDHHS, 1996; Armstrong, Bauman & Davies, 2000).
Since the 1970´s a number of studies regarding the benefits of physical
activity, the health benefits of regular physical activity (aerobic exercise)
have been affirmed and summarized in reports from governmental and non-
governmental organizations. U.S. Surgeon General (USDHHS, 1996), U.S.
National Institutes of Health (NIH Consensus Development Panel on
Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health, 1996), U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (Pate et al., 1995), American College of Sports
Medicine-ACSM (Pate et al., 1995), American Heart Association (Blair
&McCloy, 1993) have concluded that regular physical activity is associated
with important health benefits.
People of all ages, both male and female, benefit from regular physical
activity. Significant health benefits can be obtained by including a moderate
amount of physical activity (e.g., 30 minutes of brisk walking or raking
leaves, 15 minutes of running, or 45 minutes of playing volleyball) on most,
if not all, days of the week. Through a modest increase in daily activity, most
Americans can improve their health and quality of life.Additional health
benefits can be gained through greater amounts of physical activity. People
who can maintain a regular regimen of activity that is of longer duration or
of more vigorous intensity are likely to derive greater health benefits.
Physical activity reduces the risk of premature mortality in general, and of
coronary heart disease, hypertension, colon cancer, and diabetes mellitus in
particular. It also improves mental health and is important for the health of
muscles, bones and joints.
The Surgeon General’s report on physical activity and health gave
physical activity an internationally recognised legitimacy as an important
component of public health and wellbeing. Regular moderate physical
activity results in many health benefits for adults. For example, it improves
cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and muscular strength and
endurance (USDHHS, 1996; Bouchard &Shephard, 1994, p.77-88),
depression and anxiety (Ross & Hayes, 1988; Stephens, 1988; Camacho et
al., 1991; Weyerer, 1992), and builds bone mass density (Lane et al., 1986;
Aloia et al., 1988; Dalsky et al., 1988; Michel et al., 1989; Greendale et al.,
1995). People who are moderately active on a regular basis have lower
mortality rates than sedentary people.
Research has found that people who are physically active tend to be
healthier than those who are not. The greatest gains in health occur when
individuals progress from an inactive lifestyle to being moderately active
(USDHHS, 1996). Current evidence shows that regular physical activity in
childhood and adolescence improves aerobic endurance and strength
(Dotson & Ross, 1985; Sallis, McKenzie &Alcaraz, 1993), helps build healthy
bones and muscles, helps control weight, and may improve blood pressure
and cholesterol levels (CDC, 1997).
Regular physical activity among children and adolescents with chronic
disease risk factors is important (Tomassoni, 1996a,1996b; Nixon, 1996;
Bar-Or, 1996; Epstein, Coleman & Myers 1996): it decreases blood pressure
in adolescents with borderline hypertension (Alpert & Wilmore 1994),
increases physical fitness in obese children (Ignico& Mahon, 1995;
Gutin,1996), and decreases the degree of overweight among obese children
(Brownell & Kaye, 1982; Sasaski et al., 1987; Epstein, Valoski, Wing
&McCurley, 1990; Epstein, Valoski&Vara, 1995). Physical activity among
adolescents is consistently related to higher levels of self-esteem and self-
concept and lower levels of anxiety and stress (Calfas& Taylor, 1994). Still,
more research is needed on the association between physical activity and
health among young people (Bar-Or &Baranowski, 1994; Armstrong &
Simons-Morton,1994). The health-related guidelines for youth physical
activity recommend the accumulation of at least 60 min of physical activity
on most days of the week (Cavill, Biddle &Sallis, 2001). However many
adolescents, particularly girls and ethnic minorities, do not meet
recommendations, and their activity levels decline with age (CDC, 2000b;
Pate et al., 2002; USDHHS, 2000a).
Zumba Activity as Aerobic Fitness
Energy expenditure and physiological responses to 60-minuteZumba
aerobic sessions (group class versus home) in healthy adult females. The
origin of aerobic exercise has been credited to Dr Kenneth Cooper, a
physician of the United States Armed Forces who published a book called
“Aerobics” in 1968 (Duncan, 2004). Its popularity spread worldwide as
awareness of the positive cardiovascular effects of aerobic fitness exercises
increased (Berlin &Colditz, 1990; Sternfield, 1992; USDHHS, 1996;
USDHHS, 2008). Based on the prescript of Cooper’s book, a dance
instructor, Jacki Sorensen (1969) created some dance routines and thus,
dance aerobics was born.
Aerobic fitness classes and dance aerobics have remained increasingly
popular as an alternative to traditional training activities or exercise;
therefore, it would seem important to ascertain its possible benefits to
cardiovascular fitness and health (Foster, 1975). In 1975, Foster conducted
an investigation to determine the intensity at which participants’ exercised
during an aerobic dance; results of the O2max suggesting that an aerobic
dance session couldstudy revealed an intensity of 77% of V improve
cardiovascular fitness. This was one of the first experiments published on
aerobic dance fitness classes. Another study by Milburn and Butts (1983)
investigated exercise responses to seven weeks of aerobic dance training
compared to jogging. Results revealed that both exercises improved
cardiovascular responses with a 10% increase in oxygen consumption O2
in those who O2) of individuals who participated in aerobic dance and an
8% increase in V( V jogged. Since then, various studies (table 1) have been
conducted on the physiological responses or energy cost of different aerobic
fitness classes. Their efficiency in improving cardiovascular fitness was
categorised according to ACSM recommended guidelines.
Several of these studies have shown that these aerobic fitness classes
meet the ACSM criteria for improving cardio respiratory fitness popmobility
(Grant et al. 1993), step aerobics (Sutherland, Wilson, Aitchison, & Grant,
1998), quidance (Buermann, 2012), cardiokickboxing (Immel&Porcari,
1999), bootcamp (Porcari, Hendrickson, & Foster, 2008), hooping
(Holthusen, 2010), Curves (Greany&Porcari, 2005) and Zumba (Luettgen,
Foster, Doberstein, Mikat, &Porcari, 2011; Otto et al. 2011). Alternatively,
research conducted on other fitness classes such as Pilates (Spilde&Porcari,
2005), Yoga (Boehde&Porcari, 2005) do not meet the aforementioned
criteria. A brief summary of these studies will be given below and chapter 3
will focus on a critique of the methodology employed.
 Chapter 3
Methodology

This chapter presents the procedures to be used in the study. These

include the research design, research locale, participants of the study, data
gathering procedures, and general procedures.

Research Design
The research design that the researcher used in this study is the
descriptive survey design, which is a method which involves observing and
describing the behaviour of a subject without influencing it on anyway.

Research Locale
This study was conducted at t Bambad National High School, Purok
Silang, Barangay Bambad, Isulan Sultan Kudarat. TheBambad National
High School Has an area of 1 hectare situated at about 2,800 feet above sea
level. Bambad National High School is known all over the Mindanao not
because of street dancing it is because of achievements of school and
teachers. It is located 200 meters away from national highway and 5
kilometers away from downtown Isulan, known as the producer of native
products. The school is accessible by land transportation.
Figure 2. The geographical map of the locale of the study where the study
Will be conducted.
Participants of the Study
The participants of the study were the selected using simple random
sampling. The selected Grade 7 up to grade 12 students of Bambad National
High School were the selected participants of the study. This type of
sampling is the most common and simple type of sampling which assure
that the result is reliable and bias-free.

Data Gathering
The researchers presented a letter of permission to the office of the
principal that wishes to request and inform the selected grade 7 up to grade
12 students to be the respondents of this research study. Upon the
approval, the researchers presented the letter to the adviser or subject
teacher as a courtesy and inform that the researcher will conduct the said
study. The questionnaire to be used was validated by the expert be approved
and checked by the senior high school focal person and principal for validity
and reliability purposes.

Analysis of Data
The data was analysed through descriptive statistic, obtaining the
mean, standard deviation and frequency distribution. In presenting the
data, the researchers used tabular representations.
Effects of zumba activity to the physical and emotional health
Table 1. Shows the scale and level of capability basis for table 1.1
Scale Level Qualitative Statement
4.21 – 5.00 VH (Very High) Students believed that the Zumba
Activity of Bambad National High
School has very high effets to their
physical and emotional health.

3.41 – 4.20 H (High) Students believed that the Zumba

Activity of Bambad National High
School has high effets to their
physical and emotional health.

2.61 – 3.40 MH(Moderately Students believed that the Zumba

High) Activity of Bambad National High
School has moderate effets to their
physical and emotional health.

1.81 – 2.60 L(Low) Students believed that the Zumba

Activity of Bambad National High
School has slight effect effets to
their physical and emotional
health.

1.00 – 1.80 VL(Very Low) Students believed that the Zumba

Activity of Bambad National High
School has no effect to their
physical and emotional health.

Legend: VH (Very High), H (High), MH (Moderately High), L (Low), VL (Very

Low),P(physical activity) E(emotional activity)
Research Ethics
The researcher provided a letter to conduct the study that presented
to the principal and focal person, validation of survey questionnaire, and
informed consent to the participants.

Chapter IV
Results and Discussion

This chapter presents the results of the data gathering based on the
questionnaire and instruments, and the discussion about the data which
have been analyzed, evaluated and interpreted in order to answer the
research problem of this study.

Table 1.1 Shows the Descriptive Statistics of selected Grade 7 up to Grade

12 Students of Bambad National High School through the effects of zumba
activity to their physical health

Items/question mean Standard Level

deviation
It is fun and 4.28 0.90 VH
entertaining
activity.
It is great for losing 3.99 0.93 H
weight.
It tones my entire 3.90 0.90 H
body
It boosts my 4.10 0.86 H
mental and heart
health.
It helps me de- 4.02 0.99 H
stress from school
or problems
outside.
It improves body 4.04 0.94 H
movement and
coordination.
It makes my body 4.17 0.82 H
in balance which
makes me happy
and boosts my
mood.
It increases my 4.05 0.93 H
energy level which
provides me
greater confidence
and alertness.
Increase 3.94 1.01 H
metabolism and
endurance.
It burn or detoxify 3.93 0.99 H
my fats and
calories
It gives me good 4.13 0.89 H
breathing and
muscle
development.
It gives me sound 4.03 1.02 H
mind, goods sleep
and waking up
early.
It helps me choose 4.17 0.87 H
the right food and
activities to take.
It’s good for all 4.07 0.99 H
ages which provide
enthusiasm and
keenness.
It improves my 4.00 0.99 H
eating habit.
Total 60.88 14.02

The data shows that the descriptive statistics of selected grade 7 up to

grade 12 students are shown on table 1. The quantity of variable is thirty
(30) questions and divided into 2 parts which is physical health and
emotional health
Table 1.2 Shows the Descriptive Statistics of selected Grade 7 up to Grade
12 Students of Bambad National High School through the effects of zumba
activity to their emotional health.
Items/question Mean Standard Level
deviation
Reduces my anxiety 4.12 0.83 H
or feeling of being
anxious.
Helps me to focus 4.05 0.95 H
better
Improves my ability 4.13 0.93 H
to multi-tasking
and planning.
Boosts my mood 4.08 0.93 H
and enthusiasm.
Helps me sleep well 4.016 1.03 H
and wake up early.
Prevents and fights 3.932 1.04 H
illness.
Enhances my 4.01 0.98 H
emotional well
being as a whole
Makes my day 3.99 1.07 H
positive and away
from stress.
Reduces a feeling of 4.10 1.01 H
depression
Increases 4.13 0.99 H
happiness and
positive vibes.
Increases self-worth 4.17 0.89 H
and self- esteem
Provides better 4.11 0.93 H
thinking and
making decision
making.
Increases 4.06 0.97 H
confidence and
feeling able to do
things
Increases 4.00 0.97 H
assertiveness
towards tasks and
dealing different
situations
Reduces anger and 3.85 1.16 H
depression.
total 60.81 14.69
The literature search found 168 studies that examined the influence of stress on PA. Studies
varied widely in their theoretical orientation and included perceived stress, distress, life
events, job strain, role strain, and work-family conflict but not lifetime cumulative adversity.
To more clearly address the question, prospective studies (n = 55) were considered for
further review, the majority of which indicated that psychological stress predicts less PA
(behavioral inhibition) and/or exercise or more sedentary behavior (76.4 %). Both objective
(i.e., life events) and subjective (i.e., distress) measures of stress related to reduced PA.
Prospective studies investigating the effects of objective markers of stress nearly all agreed
(six of seven studies) that stress has a negative effect on PA. This was true for research
examining (a) PA at periods of objectively varying levels of stress (i.e., final examinations vs.
a control time point) and (b) chronically stressed populations (e.g., caregivers, parents of
children with a cancer diagnosis) that were less likely to be active than controls over time.
Studies examining older adults (>50 years), cohorts with both men and women, and larger
sample sizes (n > 100) were more likely to show an inverse association. 85.7 % of higher-
quality prospective research (≥ 7 on a 9-point scale) showed the same trend. Interestingly,
some prospective studies (18.2 %) report evidence that PA was positively impacted by
stress (behavioral activation). This should not be surprising as some individuals utilize
exercise to cope with stress. Several other factors may moderate stress and PA
relationships, such as stages of change for exercise. Habitually active individuals exercise
more in the face of stress, and those in beginning stages exercise less. Consequently, stress
may have a differential impact on exercise adoption, maintenance, and relapse. Preliminary
evidence suggests that combining stress management programming with exercise
interventions may allay stress-related reductions in PA, though rigorous testing of these
techniques has yet to be produced.
Chapter V
This chapter presents the summary, findings, the conclusion drawn
from the findings and the recommendations deduced based from the
conclusion of the study.

Summary
The present study aimed to determine the Zumba Activity of
Bambad National High; Effects to the physical and emotional health of the
students. The respondent is the selected
Grade 7 up to grade 12 students at Bambad National High School.
We used descriptive survey design where self administered survey
questionnaires were the method or technique to utilize.
Findings
1. The effects of zumba in terms of physical are it is fun and entertaining
activity, it is great for losing weight, it helps them de-stress from school or
problems outside, Increase metabolism and endurance, and last it increases
their energy level which provides them greater confidence and alertness.
Therefore, in the mean of physical and emotional scores ??????? were
significant and showed an increasing trend ???? in all group. Physical fitness
showed an increasing trend in the low fitness level group. Most of the
variables decreased slightly in the high fitness level group, however
????????????. Moreover the selected Grade 7 up to Grade 12 students
agreed or gave high scores to the questions about physical health that the
researchers provided.

2. In terms of emotional health Provides better thinking and making decision

making, Increases confidence and feeling able to do things, Increases
assertiveness towards tasks and dealing different situations, and last
Increases happiness and positive vibes. Therefore, Most of the selected
Grade 7 up to Grade 12 students agreed or gave high scores to the
questions about emotional health that the researchers provided.
 Conclusion

In conclusion, the zumba activities in Bambad National High School

affect the physical and emotional health of the students. The result indicates
that the physical and emotional activities shows with the total mean score of
(1216.4)in physical activity and a mean score of (1214.96) in emotional
activity . Therefore, it includes that the selected grade 7 up to grade 12
students are agree with the zumba activity.

Since the present study closely followed the criteria mentioned above,
the effect of zumba activity to the physical and emotional health of the
students is reliable and valid and thus it can be employed to the students
of bambad national high school in improving their physical and emotional
activity.

Overall, the majority of the literature finds that the experience of stress
impairs efforts to be physically active. Future work should center on
the development of a theory explaining the mechanisms underlying
the multifarious influences of stress on PA behaviors.
Among the participants with different physical fitness, a similar training has different training
effects. This study demonstrates that appropriate training intensity and content are
vital to improve physical and mental health.
Recommendations

Administrators
The Administrator may assist the teachers in doing zumba
activity that help students in their physical and mental health. The
administrators may also assist the teachers and principal in
motivating the students to join zumba activity.

Classroom
The classroom may do a morning zumba activity before class
start to enhance the emotional and physical health of the students.

Researcher
The other researchers may conduct similar study may serve as
their additional references. The other researchers may also use the
data gathered from this study to help them.

Students
The Students may help fellow classmates to promote the
importance of joining zumba activity in their physical and emotional
health. The students may be fully aware of the good benefits about
joining zumba activity.

Teacher
The teacher may implement rules and regulation regarding on joining
zumba activity among the students of the class. The teachers may let
 the students know what are the important effects on the physical and
emotional health in joining zumba activity.

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Appendix A-Letter

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region XII- Division of Sultan Kudarat
BAMBAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

February, 2020
CHRISTY S. BAGAYAS
Secondary School Principal I
Bambad National High School
Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

Ma’am:
The undersigned is Grade 12 ICT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL students
of Bambad National High School. At present, they are working on their
research study entitled “ZUMBA ACTIVITY OF BAMBAD NATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOL; EFFECTS TO THE PHYSICAL HEALTH OF THE
STUDENTS” in fulfillment of the requirements in Practical Research and
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion.
In connection, the research study aims to know the effect of zumba
activity to physical and emotional health of the students.

Anent to this, the researcher would like to ask from your good office
to allow the selected students or teachers from this institution to be the
participant of the study on January 20-24, school time. They will be
subject to answering the survey questionnaire and participate the
interview. Your approval will surely be a great help and a noble blessing
for the researchers to finish the research work. Thank you very much!
Very truly yours,
JESA MAY AGUSTIN VINCENT FAJARITO AIRENE BALOYO

ANGEL MAE CATALAN TERYNS TABAN UD MARVIN GANADO

Researchers

Noted and approved:

MR. GERARD A. JULLAR MRS. CHRISTY S. BAGAYAS
Senior High Focal Person Principal 1
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region XII- Division of Sultan Kudarat
BAMBAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

INFORMED CONSENT

ZUMBA ACTIVITY OF BAMBAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL; EFFECTS TO THE

PHYSICAL HEALTH OF THE STUDENTS”
Researcher/s:
JESA MAY AGUSTIN, ANGEL MAE CATALAN
Grade 12 ICT Students of Bambad National High School, Isulan, Sultan
Kudarat
09552577719
[email protected]

Dearest Participant,

You are being invited to participate in a research study conducted by

the researchers, Grade 12 senior high school students of Bambad National
High School. Currently, they are working on research study entitled,
“ZUMBA ACTIVITY OF BAMBAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL; EFFECTS TO
THE PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH OF THE STUDENTS” as a
requirement in Practical Research and Inquiry, Investigation and Immersion
subjects. The purpose of this study aims to know the effect of zumba activity
to the physical and emotional health of the students of Bambad National
High School. The study will be conducted on February this school year
2019-2020.

This study consists of a survey questionnaire/validation tool or

interview that will be administered to you. If you have questions or concerns
during the time of your participation in this study, please feel free to contact
the researcher. The researcher’s contact information is found on the top
portion of this form for your convenience.
Your participation is deeply appreciated.

JESA MAY AGUSTIN VINCENT FAJARITO AIRENE BALOYO

ANGEL MAE CATALAN TERYNS TABAN UD MARVIN GANADO

Researchers

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region XII- Division of Sultan Kudarat
BAMBAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

January 20, 2020

LETTER TO VALIDATORS

Sir/Ma’am:

The undersigned are Grade 12 senior high school students of

Bambad National High School this school year 2019-2020. At present, we
are working on ourresearch study entitled “ZUMBA ACTIVITY OF
BAMBAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL; EFFECTS TO THE PHYSICAL
AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH OF THE STUDENTS” in fulfilment of the
requirements in Practical Research and Inquiry, Investigation and
Immersion. Part of the study is the development and validation research
instruments that will be used for the data gathering. The validation of the
instruments to be used to test for its effectiveness will ensure its reliability
and validity.

In connection, we are humbly asking for your time and expertise to

evaluate the content and content accuracy, appropriateness, and clarity of
the instruments. Your approval will surely be a great help and a noble
blessing for me to finish my program.

Your signature affixed in the letter will be a confirmation of your

approval. Thank you very much.
Very truly yours,
JESA MAY AGUSTIN VINCENT FAJARITO AIRENE BALOYO
ANGEL MAE CATALAN TERYNS TABAN UD MARVIN GANADO

Researchers

Noted and approved:

MS.IVY VONN E. DOHINA MS.FERRY JANE BARTOLOME

Teacher Teacher

Appendix B- Research instruments

1. Laptop
2. Printer
3. Bond paper
4. Etc.
Appendix C-Documentation
 Curriculum Vitae

JESA MAY AGUSTIN

Prk.1-B, Kudanding Isulan
Sultan Kudarat
09552577719
[email protected]

Personal Data
Age:19
Date of Birth: January 17, 2001
Place of Birth: Isulan Sultan Kudarat
Citizenship: Filipino
Gender: Female
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Alliance
Height: 5’2 feet
Weight: 55 kgs.
Father: Nelson J. Agustin
Mother: Maribeth B. Agustin
Languages/Dialects Spoken and Written: Hiligaynon, Tagalog and English
Hobbies: Singing, Acting, Dancing

Educational Background
Elementary: Kudanding Elementary School,Kudanding , Isulan, Sultan

Kudarat

High School: Bambad National High School, Bambad, Isulan, Sultan

Kudarat

Senior High: Bambad National High School, Bambad, Isulan, Sultan

Curriculum Vitae

ANGEL MAE C. CATALAN

Prk2, Kudanding Isulan
Sultan Kudarat
09751790206
[email protected]

Personal Data
Age:18
Date of Birth: 03/25/2001
Place of Birth: Isulan Sultan Kudarat
Citizenship: Filipino
Gender: Female
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 5’2 feet
Weight: 45 kgs.
Father: Jimmy Catalan
Mother: Nilda Catalan
Languages/Dialects Spoken and Written: Hiligaynon, Tagalog and English
Hobbies: Singing, Acting, Dancing
Educational Background
Elementary: Matapol Elementary School, Norala, South Cotabato

High School: Bambad National High School, Bambad, Isulan, Sultan

Kudarat

Senior High: Bambad National High School, Bambad, Isulan, Sultan