OpAMPamd Linech Tc'S \e— meanie~ 0 Lth enn AGEL E Openakion al Frm plipednS Chapted —Of Hi itosy | Bou ground The opehalvonal avengliieh iA uhwally epered od opamp wok Prt entroduod in tao’, The frat perme Came Into Gattonte im 14Wg ond rh dahion wok bofad on Vattuin tube. Thoke doy et wok wd in omalog Compu td perbohen anathunabical ppearaktenk Uke addi ten , Subthawhn, anuthp lication ond divifien hen nowned of pperobonal anny lhe, due to the we Of Vatturn tubes, te TK found thot OPANP sol Pode Un Lumina, ReBwhe mone. Late, ond tapen Live. outa LAEUKIAGR, Robeht width Cone we wrth Te venkion of OPAMP, Whidh Con LCrR OF FETS, BIT ound Der Lupprrtirg Gmementh Omnbedded ono Arple ferionduddy chip whidy ¢& 0 Pin head Sire, TE found thab, th MO Re LeRR QPatra, Tot IupenLUe and not pode Canny oO GR Kinan [dum ABBE. Prop. EEE dept. erent tESTTIN, Shivamogga.Apeicakon® of orhmpP 1) Dp process Gonthol 2) Ga Gaormmmuntcotion 2a Fem 3) Tn Gonputenk ul Ta Teaslun® ound ULploy s\ Dp__ power and Signal Cor coK OpAane Te (KO emul bterminad dwuice hawt Tuo wah pampedonta. input tesreniral & ound Ore bow tenpe dan ® output torentnol fogedhed wath Hyreatal onnpl her ot jrpub Loge and Gitte fotloweh of owl gtoge ro penpon™n Centotn DbTahved . Blous diagrrorn aprekentabon OF PAP / Dngut Feteraned ode} | Level seat “ont Bj | Gongida the fy Uown ter Stet Here the surement i ( dual tmp ® — Bolan Cosh owpul Thwh duol input bolom td odo dyiuntol cunpbpuh ih wheat ob inpul Gest whith pertorany ® provided quguited Voltage gan ob ppAMP 3) Ektabltgrek the input SuAiKranta of PAP Toteamedi ace Stage TE ik dren by the oudpud of inpub Boge. Were dual tnguk Lnboloun tod owdtpul di}poruntol ampl¥en ih Wed which ati cuth to paovicle voltage goin oF oprrnp in addin to inpub Bage , The Stogeh ome diructh, Coupled ord no Copalltorg are edad Trek De Ouklent vottege Of Prwiouws Let addS with Tuab Stage , tha Stoge by toga. Me Hosted aind in treokX above te ground POkedialwhith dikKkont the AC Output Uottage » thenepohe to bring down the Pc Voltage to ground. Polenta, The bwel sso wR vlad, Buyen TE IR am Emitter folowdr yokth htgh inpuh Tenpedcunte. and pruwentX Lood tng, is Oubpud Stage The defidement oh (Low imnpedante ovdpul © Tacreahad owrul voltage Lusing @) — Tinproved Gorent ee ca Sentorg Copatity OF DPAMP Tradepohe the Complecremtedy pudh -Poll ainelivean th ued bo meet the aboue Qos d PUBEnEMEMAR ,Schemake Sysnbol of OPAMP (fe--u1) | Va ——+ — Dagut Teraninald MC Whore nah — Alyn inv airy aw Neo oudpub Teraninal npul terminal Y yi \lottage Ualal- Trwentirg input terminal Voltage to, (6) — putpul tchaniinal voltage. Nec i) — —\teeta] — Nea oehmp WR a duot j aWee porinue Laprly tovninal vollage, ave Lupely fedrminal Voliogs. De bupply Dhow in "9 : Whole middle tedvm i nol grounded , Cor Leliad of Balan tA Qurely if the Mognitrdek ore COual .(on cH: bn , -\an Crenslanly ConQidirad wh Uunbolawn ta Supe ay the mnagaitades okt 004 couol. for eg. LDA, — tha OPP Com be opehaed from have to 7A DAN, Tre Standohd modK oA per awe lobt Ui ty CR taut, Aya, tisu, £22. The internal Uncultdy OF OPAMP CA of Drawn below Nec Ate _ ie 7 i Ny —\lee Ayre Q e Ny Ni Grit fotlow er dual ingub dijteeatol ao aN Boye ounpbhoh ob ipub {ogoChart dsKrek Of ON OF AMP © Taput biok Cirent (Le) Tek the average OF tuo Cudhent{ Wh th Howh int Tun inventry ond ervenkry input terminals of op Ame ATL Wy > YT + Ne ee prark couly Soong por VHi opamp @) Sng pitkat Gsoeat ( Lr] @ TE th the algebhai youn Ce betw ern Pre Cursenth tnt tuo input feavaininalg OF Oe ee preuktally Loonh for hl OF Amp, Taput vpbher uotkege (Ure) thon Gar md inpul of applied the oubrub Lhovld be Lo, bur Preub edly will hove Lome, Udttege ab oulpul. So the trpub voltage applied fo tudute tre dutrul voltage traho ik cabled input det Uottege ,Pooub Caly Crm PHAN orAmp @ Ouipud ofel Urttoge {,\too} Je ee THR the oupuh VE \loo CE OPAMP When a both the pot one aroundad (ih =vic0] pocub colby uw mv for “UHL OPAMP (s) ERR (lomo arp da geTedion oto) ol eee TER dakrad oh the RO Of Aiysentiol gen to Common mods goin EmeRe Ad Bem Oi}eruntol gain Ad= Vo = Vo Ulin Vai, Conran rcke goin [Atm< Uo Ucn, Ushers Cornenen mnocke Udlinge Vera. AU AM ee yeprotoally Greene amode pol tA Louw emegc Ad = W oO © Stew Rake Te th Phe maolshe of How tre oudpul Uottoge thourge with dudeeut to dime, Cupiedtod in thus, Stews Rode = Aue | dt | snow. preubeaily OF Utas for Thi orAmP MD —-PSRK (pooh Juepty raion Ratt o) SURng [werly Usttage nation Tedd] Th i the thurge 1 Input oppdeb wolrog? dun to Urowge 1 Lupely Uobtoge, Saysaeead ony anul pean. Arlo ov prcuk Cay Medy Lous Fok “hl opstimpTt tk the band uidth Of DPAMP Whun gen tk Luosity fod “Wht opine tt tk abouk TAHTTdeol or ree Th ik bohicolly on amplifed ) whidh ovmpl eA the dyna. bedween hwo input Li qoalh, nothin but oa dyereatel omnpled, +I Teal + diyedectiol --————— lo Cy ——_ Ose U fen L ale ———cern let Wrand Ue be the huo inpub Rignala, Let Un be the obtpub Lgnal. gente the Olp th proportenal to the ilp applied lo d (t= to] | Mo 4 \td where \ld =dbfhedentio! \loltog 2. The diVedunttal goin Ad= \to Ud | Ads (Atr-\to} Ad= \Co _ \loz Ad ved Se) [ios eatThe olf tf proportisnal to t The ghorhical gupretentabton of the Yate wmode ik Called Tdaal idhtoge Them SD OP Tt Mh a groph of ale vis ole Cole *% proponhmal fo \ lp Hu the [ aver, ~Atec|, thereaptedy oy level [4 Usob, —Vsot') Papoly of pram Le te aban FoiuHokt quspediv ly « chanceniticd of Tdeal Of Amp ein phould be infinite Cava] DO \bottege 9 Wer ined ienpedan ts tp avoid lnodlry gr dounte., ( Unere Or dine © Low oUlteub impedante £0 thot Crnedes Loud wListant, dhouid not aft olp (Ro=0 0704 |H] — Taknste Gandwidth 20 thab any tevel of Vanak Con be amputed [QW =~) © Wgh comne Comer =>) ® Hagh Sle Rote (SR = ¥) @) thonadenthbas of OpAmp Shovid mot hors with jem pohoboe chovid howe perpet balont, 2 \lo=0 when bolle ie olp ghould be TD when the ile vottoge® oe gouol. Eouwvalent Gntwut anne A Crtuit whith suprelenth the or Ame Porramekark tn terns Of PhySicol ComponentZ i2 cob ebubvalent Ghuut, @the Pooanetenk Uke Rin, Ro ete of thrown whene Ab ound lq, ore ile vortege’ Qn 1% input ReAi ston & Q& ih ouspur geht Aton Aor 2% Oren bor gx Ula th eben te. voltage Bob ably te Th Diesentiol compl heh jcund ole MK propontencs to ile Uz Aorttd (toe Aor t-te)Oren Loop Unkguration of OPAMP Can Beth O& CRU Dhown [pr open Loop tn bigdain oF OPAMP —\lee let \trand Ur be the toput Lagnai'h ape Wed b nen nyEntA and tauedbry lp dunrninal & of OPAMP nekeecrvely . lp Signo proporbenal fo the let Wo be the 0 in belwWeen apptied iPS whith Udrviek Uneorly the Poitve and nugohive Sapely +Vce cond ag the Open Looe ‘ae Of OrAMp (A VEv high, the outpur aboind Rabnation level, ie ) uheg PUD | TE atten k poSitue Rabirotien wort — poS Hue Lipp by | FUmb wrt +Vce) 2) when Uy, sb abtain® Awgobive Aghdrobton @® wrt —mugokive Lappy (sek wht Nee) —\lee,NO Ay Con Bidar phe Voltesgt: trante7r Unonrke Lh Ok ph orhnp oh RHOwN, The lp tf Uneoh rom, Tugisn go. te & and thereapen dein poditve and Tugative Zohdedion wat polite ond Tupati Dupely rnerperivedy, 9° de t¥ AVEG J Alin SON (Woe Avitn (Urech wit -H10N Suprli} Cobo ws Aust Um <3y o Woe Alles [Ko- teu]{ trator to ttn wht tM Supply SMR Sohdabion \totteg)modek OF orenation opnenp ark in 3 giyerunt moded namely O dwary end. © men ~dauety coda. @ — Difsvattol ample nung aumplpe The annptkern wWhits produces ch phoke Qh OF ub and oudeur 24 cold Ler berw een the inp invents) amnpliben . uit Shown Q Gon Ltdadr a GH Let Abn be the input cppbed to yun tlp Jerminal of DPAINP, nd LO PE tre olPprwpont unal ty the applied ile, let acc and —\lee be the pobstie ound Aapadtve Qaspp ly Voltages . Lee Rand Rf be the ilp ond fusd boul rudibry ubsl to odTulh the gain of OPAMP,Ag the node BIA gooundad Vaso on the bole of wintual ground On top \teaso0 foun ile Bole Te Vin -Va Ry Te Un-0 Ra p= we | © Ry WH from olp Bide Ata - lo | I: —\o _@ eBuaking © ond Gs) tq = —\o Ri Ry on headran gi og—\lo = Ry Un Ry a= j We = -&} —G & |W WORT Wwltege gaan 1% *he robin of olp voltag® inpub vottege , te | Av = Vo | _ (9) oe Varo o@ Ave —RE my Woe Auiln tae ©) n redjtolek that ole iR oppo. ty here t-) 8 grok ot ile aprlied. Clee -> | HaRee WE Ninoy foum Moz — axt (ole invented bub oot cvpl' pred) Cole > oh > Had Abs bi Mo- av yon) \oz —hv {ole invehted and al 20 Op Uped | @)a aha Nisn - invetntirg compliheh The cunpli heh uohith empl! fe the input and. dp rot phodute the hake LN bewun inpul ond ound iA Cals tum -taventng ampli pen - Gmiden ao Chtuit Qhown. Let Vb be the inpub ape Ved to agen inventing le fedraninal Ob OPAMP, gund tt be the olp twpoahenal to the applied slp, bet AUcc and —\lee be the polkve eund sugahoe Suspely Unttagek . fet Rrand Kr be the inpuf and fed looauk Hrod Men? led bo adTruse the gen Df OPAMP Ag the moda GB ik of Pokatial Ale. Lin ot the bale. of Vitvhwal ground trtert © aaa— oo Alas lle = Ulin =)Ubon | 28 Ry \bo = Kya ae 3) Lien 1y WT LUattoge gain A Abe abo of Ole voltogs iu tle Voltage, 4 ie d - © lpn 20.0) ave REAR rn on Ate Lt RE Ry \pusm %. 6 Abbe Auitiy \to= (‘8 \ sie -© coger TH BERET, Mine LY on sal oan oa mrs trvented |Ditjduntal amplifen of Subtreulor The camp her Whith delawotnek the iyedonte betwen the hwo input Riyals at input (h cabled Ayovotiel amp Lified 071 Lub treo. TE UwAkk on the principle. OF Super poli tien » Con biden cE Cr Cutt Lhow Let Mand to be the tnpedX at moa tnvedrte cund tewentirg Lp teaventinal £ Of OPN Def eedvely and lo be the oulpal proporrtisnol to the apeved ide, tek Vee end —Alre be the Po rve and mage Supply uotlog oh : Lee QV RE and Ra AY be the ek Aton J wont th detided the gen op opnmp tn uy enon inventing and imu ting anpeke, dred pertioe ay, ®cate when Ay 'Raakieg Atk grounctacl Te MyeaMtig , Xlaso , OphenP 1K in TENSE “node Let Alor be the ol? proportisnal by tle My Cor Lido oo ACT let potentol ab mods G Th Vg Dn the bale of Ushhual ground Con Capt: \lac UB lou OlP Side Tyo Wot Al Ry! Bye Mo - Ve -@M <> Vase RY! WM sees tle Stcbe. — fees * Caste Ro : T+ Ve te ei -@ ae Po!entol Buidar QUE (woltoge of ds “at aR aie byAlo = a “| — (3) L _ WARY Couak (D and \o le = NC “yt Ro \or es = V6 RY RY Ra on TeodhogirA Mo, ve = Mat Re oy Ry \lor = \e | +t. + «| Re Ro KE \wy = ute | 8 “| Re! QiRE! \or = Ue | nite Qu Nm Ry \“ Re -4 Rad Rake Ra 6)Cate. 2 the wae asking» N =\tin , oe oprrmp ih IN inventieg truce ole eroportioal fp ile veo, ath sounded e Nive x Let \lor be the (oun tre Canis ‘cam — (@)| -® Ro} | Hon te ubeg Jurper POL Ben, printple CShLhLhX [Ato = Un auton Vos | a (MAB) ~ [ he (ae foe RL % TLE RB =aRr ond Ree Bel \lo = Rb Yo a \ RL Qo los Ry a [eats fe ah th Uo. {ai -Mt2) Qo“6 Tt t. Makh ¥OprP with *rug ative fed aut oT OPen Loor gan OF the OpArnp Pk vay high. Gut moat OF the Kene& We mud to quid Kodnodion, hence we wrt not vle the Open Loop gas THR Com be done by using fodbat. Ferdbauc th the Kynal ower, out put tnpul, whith chomyeA the tnpuk and al to indole Oh decreods the \npul. Th phe feed bale Rignol sa God the. inpul SEM cotid pod bus feed bask aund Th the fad boul Lanal decode te Meu Me tA coed magotve fed bok. Negedive food bod Ph % Rgnok ron oudewl fo Inpuk whith Uk OPPOL HE or ted’ ou Df Phode wht Inpud Lynok. Cermadralby egole Jord bound th Gee Loged oy amp lyer Untsk becanks o Aral Lyedenkol Tapa 1A macedhdy to Craakd o Lodge pudpul PH amel hed hausieg Capote frad bok hod Quy tovrvediry foulllty oguirdl the thang ef © io ovlpub Vottoge Coufasl by ergs inLO Cavithen nuntal Condit ¥. © 6 © © © Adrantaged oY 9 egdtve fend bout Stoboi aisn of galn Reduce Of dutpul mole Reduch'on vf fun-tiraon didboab on Raduukion dp Phole dilbation Teaprouenent Of Bandwidth Grbided on Grovenee fo Maple head baud Intonpor hry) Oba PHA ple GA well.o Lek Abn be the input applied > wn manta vent Input Kaminal ot dPAMP, whith {K ol40 cated. ok Cold Loop Tun ~inventieg ome URE» Leb to be the oudpuk vsttage cutnad4 ooo proddttome Ri, Reson 4 Ryond RE paren, the fead base Cantu. Thk Ve be the man inven bing ile ond Ap be the imvertirg ilp of Un. Oren Loop opin th given by Fo. = \lo whde Ud difveatiol Vtg. Ud Ude Wi-Me Alot « \to a © Ute, CloLid loop qin th given by fu. \bo [" | © mB O [ox _rebwwr]] -® trum the agraur Nottoge at invehtig, tetveniad | Meet LL Wo |) whey en Vip divdan, PoleAL Llp wdttant of OPAMP MZ Udy high Corepored tattonte fy four 00.3) + Gna, \b: Fa [ Min & | GARE \lo = Poulltq — Por (4 Uy ai Ao |e big fy LE \o| WARE PLM) pasting a eRe Lb | Way, 4 Pot & | c Fro ln (er | ak open loop gain Th Udy Wh For > > (Mr HEY Wo [| pou) = follin (are) lo — Mt he Lin &ound \ed boule Gartak Be thé gion by Bo My, \to B Ri \to 14 RS Ato Be i = © Re RE ‘Tuk Lem podsrg ® with © wis found thot Jeod bout Gratuite MA the gu Cipdotol OF Clo.ltdl Loop vollage gon.