Date:

Month Day Year

Teacher’s Remarks: __________________________________________

BUILDING LITERATURE REVIEW – SA Approach – RF4

Arias Samuel Gual
Chua Jesselyn Nicole Arroyo
De Guzman Nicole Franz Villaflores
Dulay Lydia Mae Singh
Felix Dennysse Hilario
Proponents Maycacayan Errisse Jade Ramos
San Pedro Alfredo Luiz Soriano
Tampus Dannycka Millenia Romero
Velasco Shaelyn Lianca Policarpio

Last name First Name Middle Name

Grade Level and Section Grade 12 – STEM 16

Project Title: The correlation between the learning styles of Grade 12 STEM students of Far Eastern
(as proposed by the student) University to their academic performance.
Project Title: Correlation of learning styles to the academic performance of Far Eastern University Senior
(as redirected by the research supervisor) High School Manila, Philippines

Conceptual Tag/
Literature #, Date FINDINGS CLAIM
Variables
Literature 1, Pashier, H., Mcdaniel,  The term “learning styles” refers
M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. to the concept that individuals
(2009) differ in regard to what mode of Students possess a wide diversity in learning
instruction or study is most preferences. These different learning process will
effective for them. enable students to learn in the easiest way. These
Learning Styles  Learning styles are a student's learning process will help necessitates teachers to
“natural, habitual and preferred effectively deliver according to the needs of the
Literature 2, Peacock, A. (2001)
ways” of absorbing and student. Using VARK learning model, students are
processing a certain information able to identify their learning strategies easily.
 According to Allan Pitcher (2014),
Literature 3, Pitcher, A. (2014)
each individual will adopt an
Form revision design: jerfesalbon FEUHS: RF4 rev.01 07/28/2017
Contextualized for FEUHS Use
 approach in which they are
comfortable with and disregard
approaches that they are less
comfortable in learning
 Forty-two experimental studies
based on the Dunn and Dunn
Learning Style Model and conducted
between 1980–1990 were identified
to determine the value of teaching
students through their learning-style
Literature 4, Oslon, J., (2010)
preferences. This finding indicates
that matching students' learning-
style preferences with educational
interventions compatible with those
preferences is beneficial to their
academic achievement.
 Learning style instruments are
widely used but not enough is known
Literature 5, Moseley, D., (1998) about their reliability and validity
and their impact on pedagogy in
post-16 learning.
 Researchers observed that
Literature 6, Coffield, F., Moseley, teaching to particular learning
D., Hall, E., & Ecclestone, K. (2004) styles can have deleterious
effects.
 Of utmost importance to the
theory is the meshing hypothesis,
which claims that instruction is
Literature 7, Pashler, H., McDaniel, best provided in a format that
M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. (2009) matches the preferences of the
learner (e.g., for a ‘‘visual
learner,’’ emphasizing visual
presentation of information)
 In the research study of Scott
Literature 8, Scott, C. (2010) (2010), it is stated that learning
styles is a widely endorsed

Form revision design: jerfesalbon FEUHS: RF4 rev.01 07/28/2017

Contextualized for FEUHS Use
 concept having no credible
evidences that it is a valid basis
for pedagogical decision-making.

 Despite being around for over

sixty years and having a vast
number of theories that
characterize the field (at least 72
distinct models), there is still lack
Literature 9, Zuck, J. (2015) of respectable research to support
the concept of learning styles ;
Nevertheless, this theory
continues to fascinates educators
due to its intuitive and egalitarian
allure (Zuck, 2015)
 Puja Mondal (2016) also developed
some factors that can affect the
process of learning style of a person
are as follows Intellectual factors,
Learning factors, Physical factors,
Mental factors, Emotional and social
Literature 10, Mondal, P. (2016)
factors, Teacher’s Personality,
Environmental factor, and Other
kinds of difficulty which are directly
related to learning factors may
interfere with progress.

 According to Edward Spooner

(2015), there are factors that affect
the learning style of a students. The
following are: Motivation, Self-
Literature 11, Spooner, E. (2015) concept, Time and opportunity,
Perception, Basic need, Goals and
values, Element of threat, and
Insights.

Literature 12, Bangcola, A. A.  The study aimed to determine the

(2016) correlation between learning styles
Form revision design: jerfesalbon FEUHS: RF4 rev.01 07/28/2017
Contextualized for FEUHS Use
 and academic achievement of 304
nursing students’ participants who
are randomly selected from eight
nursing schools in Marawi City. A
questionnaire was utilized to carry
out the rationale of the study. The
results of their study turn out to be
generally exhibited a close balance
between all the learning styles
(Bangcola, 2016).

 In the Philippines, study shows that

“Out of 22 elements of learning styles
assessed by the LSI, Filipino students
were found to have preferences for
8.” Filipino students prefer quiet
rather than listening to music; can
Literature 13, Wallace, J. (1995)
concentrate and think well through
bright light and cool temperature;
and they also enjoy working for long
period of time sitting in formal
position (Wallace, 1995).

 According to a module entitled

“Learning Styles and Learning
Literature 16, Boneva, D. (n.d.) Preferences”, Kolb’s Experiential
learning style model is one of the
most popular learning style models.
 The Felder-Silverman Learning Style
Model (FSLSM) arranged the
student’s preferences by dividing
them into four dimensions: (1)
Sensing-Intuitive, (2) Verbal-Visual,
Literature 17, Garrett, M. (2015,
(3) Active-Reflective and the (4)
March 26)
Sequential-Global. Sensing learners
are good in critical thinking and
analyzing fact or details, while
intuitive learners like prefer theories
and innovation. Verbal learners
Form revision design: jerfesalbon FEUHS: RF4 rev.01 07/28/2017
Contextualized for FEUHS Use
 prefer spoken explanation,
exchanging of words, and group
discussion. While visual learners
prefer visual presentation like
pictures, videos, demonstration, etc.
Active learners like to work with
other groups to explore more, while
Reflective learners prefer observing
and learning on their own.
Sequential learners are linear
thinker that learns well by
understanding a certain topic
orderly. While Global learners are
intuitive leaps and have difficulties in
understanding the material in the
beginning. With the help of both
poles, the understanding of student’s
preference will be also based on the
teaching styles of educators
 mismatches exist between
learning styles of students and
the teaching style of the
professor. To overcome the
Literature 18, Garrett, M. (n.d.) problem, The Felder-Silverman
Learning Style Model (FSLSM),
formulated by Dr. Felder,
arranged the student’s
preferences by dividing them into
four dimensions.
 David Kolb believes that knowledge
is created by our learning process
through experiences. These
Processing Continuum are
Literature 19, McLeod, S. (2013).
obtainable when the learner follows
each stage in order. Kolb believed
that knowing our learning style
allows us to choose our preferred

Form revision design: jerfesalbon FEUHS: RF4 rev.01 07/28/2017

Contextualized for FEUHS Use
 method. It is easier for everyone to
choose their certain preference for
an effective result of learning. Both
learning cycle and stages could help
students by the activities that will be
given by the teachers relating to
Kolb’s Experiential learning style.
 Another type of learning style model
is the Felder-Silverman Learning
Literature 20, Staff. (2016,
Style, one of the most commonly
September 28)
used among the various learning
style models
 Students have different preferences in
the assimilation and processing of
information. The VARK learning style
model introduced by Fleming includes
Literature 21, Prithishkumar I J, a questionnaire that identifies a
Michael S A.(2014) person's sensory modality preference
in learning. This model classifies
students into four different learning
modes; visual (V), aural (A),
read/write (R), and kinesthetic (K).
 VARK Model is a sensory model
that is an extension of the neuro-
Literature 22, Hawk, Thomas
linguistic model. It is focused on the
(2007)
different ways that we take in and
give out information
 VARK uses sensory modalities
such as Visual, Aural, Read/write,
Literature 23, N/A (2017)
and Kinesthetic that are used for
learning information.
 Kinesthetic learners absorb better by
Literature 24, GIlakjani, A. P. doing, touching the actual material,
(2012) or doing physical activities in which
students take in information
 In Auditory learning, a person learns
best through listening. Auditory
Literature 25, Karthigeyan, K., students are comfortable without
&K.Nirmala, D. (2013) visual input and learn from
unembellished lectures,
conversations, and oral directions
Form revision design: jerfesalbon FEUHS: RF4 rev.01 07/28/2017
Contextualized for FEUHS Use
  The VARK learning style
model wherein The
researchers choose the VARK
learning style model because
there are four kinds of learning styles
such as Visual, Auditory, Reading and
Literature 26, Sidhu, A. (N.D) Writing, and Kinesthetic learning.
Visual learning is observed that they
usually like graphs, pictures,
brochures, charts, highlighters,
designs, pictures etc. Visual preference
also could have been called Graphic
 The validity of the VARK model as
well as other learning style theories
has been questioned and criticized
extensively. Despite the criticisms
Literature 27, Cherry, K. (2017, and lack of empirical support, the
June 05) VARK model remains fairly popular
among both students and educators.
Many students immediately
recognize that they are drawn to a
particular learning style
 The effectiveness of VARK model has
Literature 28, Othman and
been seen in a number of studies
Amiruddin. (2010)
conducted worldwide

 Tracks in Senior High School (SHS) is

similar to college courses and they
fall under four disciplines namely,
Literature 29, Banal, C. (2016)
Academic, Technical Vocation-
Livelihood (TVL), Sports, and Arts
The respondents of the research ate the students
and Design
of senior high school in which they are mostly the
Respondents  According to Rodger W. Bybee,
one who uses different learning style for them to
inclination of precollege education
cope up to their studies easier.
can produce major improvement in
Literature 30, Bybee, R. W. (2010) education of students specially, for
those students who are inclined in
science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics
Form revision design: jerfesalbon FEUHS: RF4 rev.01 07/28/2017
Contextualized for FEUHS Use
 WRITE UP:

______________________________________
Course Facilitator/ Research Adviser

Form revision design: jerfesalbon FEUHS: RF4 rev.01 07/28/2017

Contextualized for FEUHS Use