CREATION MYTHS - Calon cacon (beautiful

bad thing)
GREEK MYTHOLOGY - Pandora let loose from
1. Beginning of Creation her box all the evils/
- Chaos (emptiness) miseries in the world

2. Cosmogony/Theogony
- Gaia (Mother Earth) ROMAN MYTHOLOGY
produced and mated with
Uranus (Heaven) and 1. The Romans habitually
they produced the adopted different ideas,
monster and the Titans culture, mythology and
- The Titans had children religions from other
who became the Olympian cultures and
gods/ goddesses civilisations. This
included the assimilation
3. Creation of Humans (2 of the gods and goddesses
versions) that were worshipped by
- 4 races of men were other nations, especially
created by the gods those from ancient Greek
according to metal mythology. The Romans
(gold, silver, bronze, identified their own gods
iron) and goddesses with those
- Prometheus created men of the Greeks, adapting
out of clay and breathe the myths, legends and
life to them stories told about them
and importing them into
4. Purpose/Place of Humans their own culture. The
- To worship the gods Roman gods and goddesses
- Less important in not adopted from other
cosmos religions were called di
- Men were first created indigetes. The stories
- Given the name Pandora found in Roman mythology
(first woman) who was are therefore similar to
created as a punishment many found in ancient
for men Greek mythology but more
emphasis is placed on the
5. Cultural Relevance of the political development of
Myths the Roman government and
a. Creation of the the Roman state religion
Universe/World with particular focus on
- Shows issue of the moral expectations of
succession and power the Romans. Roman
with sons and fathers mythology contains their
(Uranus and Cronus creation myth and the
being threatened by the story of the birth of
children) Romulus and Remus and the
founding of the city of
b. Prometheus and Pandora Rome.
- Men are created first
before women 2. Cosmogony/Theogony
(patriarchal society) - Mars and Rhea Silvia
- Women are considered were the parents of
inferior twin boys, Romulus and
 Remus. According to potestas, or "the
legend, Rome was father's power" gave
founded by Romulus. him legal rights over
his children until he
3. Creation of Humans died or his children
- Romulus is said to have were emancipated.
divided the people into
three tribes 5. Cultural Relevance of Myth
- The Ramnes were Myths
supposed to have - relationship between
derived their name from the gods and humans
Romulus - Myths made life
- the Tities from Titus bearable by providing
Tatius the Sabine king, security
- the Luceres from
Lucumo, an Etruscan
chief who had assisted CELTIC MYTHOLOGY
Romulus in the war 1. Beginning of Creation
against the Sabines. - Great void
- Each tribe contained
ten curiae, which 2. Cosmogony/Theogony
received their names - Great void produced
from the thirty Sabine Donn and Danu
women who had brought - When they looked at
about the peace between each other, sacred
the Romans and their flame burned in their
own people. Further, hearts
each curia contained - Locked in embrace which
ten gentes, and each they could not be
gens a hundred men. separated
- Bore children that are
4. Purpose of Humans locked up in their
- First Woman embrace
- This close dependence - Briain decided that he
of women on their male needed to separate
relatives was reflected their parents or his
in such matters as law brothers will die
& finance where women - Danu’s love won, she
were legally obliged to let her son kill Donn
have a nominated male - Cut his father into 9
family member act in parts
their interests. - Danu cried (great
- Freeborn women in flood) and swept away
ancient Rome were all her children to
citizens (cives), but earth
could not vote or hold - “Waters of Heaven”
political office.
- First Man In Ancient Head – Skies Breath - Wind
Rome, fathers were Brain – Clouds Face – Sun
endowed with nearly Mind – Moon Bones – Stones
limitless power over
their family, - Donns blood mixed with
especially their Danu’s tears (sea)
children. This patria
3. Creation of Humans NORSE MYTHOLOGY
- 2 red acorns fell to 1. Beginning of Creation
the earth - There was nothing in
- Danu recognized Donn in the beginning but
one seed, cried, made seemingly almost
the seed grow endless chasm called
- Red acorn became an oak the Ginnungagap.
tree (Donn) - Bordered by Niflheim,
- Other seed (priest, which is the place of
brother of Donn, Finn) darkness and ice, far
- Donn stretched out his to the north; and
branches and leaves to Muspelheim, a place of
Danu to dry her tears fire, far to the south.
- Oak tree grew many - Out of this chaos the
berries, fell and grew first being came into
into first humans existence from the drop
- Humans are lazy because of water when ice from
they couldn’t die Niflheim and fire from
(began to rot inside) Muspelheim met.
- Donn asked the advice - This first being was
of Finn Ymir, a primeval giant.
- There must be renewal The frost-giants called
in the world (Finn) him Aurgelmir.
- Donn didn’t like the - Became father of a race
idea, they fought and of frost-giants.
Finn was killed - Ymir was the father of
- Seeing brother dead at six-headed son that was
his feet caused pain nourished by a cosmic
and his heart burst cow called Audumla.
apart - Audumla fed herself by
- Parts of body fell licking the salty rime-
everywhere stone, until that stone
- When Donn died, 3 was licked into a shape
mighty roots of the oak of man.
grew deep creating the - This stone-man was
Otherworld named Buri and he was
- Donn (God of the first primeval god.
Otherworld) Buri was the father of
- Danu (Goddess of Bor.
Heaven) - Bor married the
giantess Bestla, the
4. Purpose of Humans daughter of the frost-
- Worship the gods giant Boltha.
- Became the parents of
5. Cultural Relevance the first Aesir gods
- Salvation rested on Odin, Vili (Hoenir) and
people Ve.
- Goal is to reach the - Ymir grew so large and
Otherworld so evil that the three
- Polyeistic culture gods killed Ymir. The
- Respected priests blood that flowed from
- Bury dead with things Ymir's wound was so
necessary for great that almost all
otherworld
 the frost giants - A great ash tree called
drowned in the torrent. Yggdrasill ("World
- Only the frost giants Tree") supported the
Bergelmer and his wife universe, with roots
escape the flood in a that connects the nine
chest, arriving on the worlds together.
mountain of Jötunheim - One root of Yggdrasill
(Jotunheim), which extends to Muspelheim
became the home of the ("world of fire"),
giants. while another root to
- Odin and his brothers Niflheim (the "world of
then used Ymir's body cold" or "of ice").
to create the universe. - Odin's horse is named
This universe comprises Sleipnir.
of nine worlds. They - While one root was
placed the body over connected to Asgard
the void called (home of the Aesir),
Ginnungagap. another root to
- They used his flesh for Vanaheim (home of the
creating the earth and Vanir).
his blood for the sea. - The frost giants lived
- His skull, held up by Jötunheim (Jotunheim)
four dwarves (Nordri, - Midgard was the world
Sudri, Austri, and for human.
Vestri), was used to - Alfheim was home of the
create the heaven. light elves
- Using sparks from (ljó
sá
lfar). There was
Muspelheim, the gods also the underground
created the sun, moon world for the black
and stars. elves (svartálfar),
- Ymir's eyebrows were called Svartalfheim.
used to create a place The dwarves inhabited
where the human race the world of
could live in; a place Nidavellir.
called Midgard (Middle
Earth). 2. Cosmogony/Theogony
- A great ash tree called The Nine Worlds
Yggdrasill ("World First Level
Tree") supported the 1. Asgard, world of Aesir
universe, with roots 2. Vanaheim, land of the
that connects the nine Vanir
worlds together. 3. Alfheim, land of the light
- One root of Yggdrasill elves
extends to Muspelheim Second Level
("world of fire"), 1. Midgard, land of humans
while another root to 2. Nidavellir, land of the
Niflheim (the "world of dwarfs
cold" or "of ice"). 3. Jotunheim, land of the
- Niflheim was sometimes giants
confused with Niflhel; 4. Svartalfheim, land of the
Niflhel being known by dark elves
another name – Hel, was Third Level
the world of the dead. 1. Hel, realm of the dead
 2. Niflheim, world of the Jotunheim
dead The homeland of the frost
giants and rock giants.
Asgard Jotunheim is separated from
The abode of the gods. Access Asgard by the river Iving,
was possible only by crossing which never freezes over. It
the bridge Bifrost (the lies in the snowy regions on
rainbow). the outermost shores of the
divided into 12 or more realms ocean. Mimir’s well of wisdom
in which each principal god had is in Jotunheim, beneath the
his own luxurious mansion of Midgard root of the ash tree
gold or silver. The most Yggdrasil.
important palace was Valhalla, Jotunheim is ruled by Thrym
the home of Odin, the chief of (“uproar”), the feared king of
gods. the frost giants. The
Homeland of the Aesir, the race stronghold of Utgard, the chief
of warrior gods. Located on the city of Jotunheim and the abode
highest level of the Norse of the giants, is ruled by the
universe, it is surrounded by a giant Utgard-Loki. Other
high wall of closely fitted strongholds include Gastropnir,
stone block. home of the giantess Menglad,
and Thrymheim (“house of
Vanaheim uproar”), mountain stronghold
(“Home of the Vanir”) is the of the giant Thiazi.
land of the Vanir. It is
located in Asgard, on the Helheim
highest level of the universe. Ruled by Hel, the monstrous
daughter of the trickster god
Alfheim Loki and his wife Angrboda.
(“Elf home”), located on the No one can ever leave this
highest level of the Norse place, because of the
universe. impassable river Gjoll. Once
The palace of the god Freyr and they enter Helheim, not even
the homeland of the elves of the gods can leave. Those who
light. die of old age or disease, and
Neither the elves of light nor those not killed in battle, go
the elves of darkness, who live to Helheim while those who die
in Svartalfheim, participate in bravely on the battlefield go
any of the events described in to Valhalla.
the Norse myths. Elves do, The entrance to Helheim is
however, have active roles in guarded by Garm, a monstrous
the literature of quite a few hound, and Modgud. The giant
of the other branches of Indo- Hraesvelg (“corpse eater”) sits
European mythology. at the edge of the world,
overlooking Helheim. In the
Midgard form of an eagle with flapping
In Norse myth, the defensive wings he makes the wind blow.
fortress which the gods build
about the middle portion of the Niflheim
earth allotted to men in order (“House of mists”) is the far
to protect mankind from the northern region of icy fogs and
giants. mists, darkness and cold.
Also situated on this level is
Nastrond, the Shore of Corpses,
where the serpent Nidhogg eats - The gods watched in
corpses and gnaws on the roots silence the inert wood.
of Yggdrasil. Odin, realizing the use
After Ragnarok, there will be a that could be given to
hall here for the punishment of him, endowed them with
murderers, oath breakers, and souls.
philanderers. - Vili granted them the
movement and the
Muspelheim senses, and Ve
Of the nine worlds under contributed with blood
Yggdrasill, Muspell, also known and a healthy
as Muspelheim, was the first to complexion.
exist. It is said that Hel and - The Gods had given them
Niflheim comprised one world everything they needed.
making Muspell the ninth world Thus endowed with
however, Muspell had no place speech and intellect,
in the tricentric structure of and with the power to
the universe. love, wait and work,
Muspell is guarded by the giant and with life and
Surt. Surt has a flaming sword death, the newly
and at the end of the world he created man (Ask) and
will come and vanquish all the woman (Embla) were
gods and burn the whole world granted the freedom to
with fire. rule Midgard at their
At Ragnarok, Surt is will.
accompanied by the Sons of - Eventually, they
Muspell who will “form a host populated it with their
in themselves and that a very offspring, while the
bright one.” They are said to gods watch humans
break the Bifröst bridgw a they
and Surt cross, signaling the 4. Purpose of Humans
end of times. - The three deities,
Odin, Ve, and Vili
3. Creation of Humans found two tree trunks,
- Before mankind was perhaps pieces of
created, the gods had driftwood, lying on the
already designed beach. They were shaped
Midgard as the abode of like a man and a woman,
man. but they were lifeless
- Since there were still and powerless. So the
no human beings to three gods decided to
inhabit it, the Gods give them what they
decided to populate it. lacked and make them
- According to chapter 9 true humans. They
of the Prose dressed them in
Edda book Gylfaginning, suitable clothes and
one day, Odin his named the man “Ask” and
brothers, Ve and Vili, the woman “Embla.”
were walking along the - Ask and Embla were then
seashore and they found given Midgard, the
two trees, the ash tree world of human
(Ask) and the elm civilization, for their
(Embla) whose whimsical dwelling-place. They
shapes seemed humanoid. became the father and
 mother of the entire form a hard, fearless,
human species. brutal, emotionless,
- The meaning of the name cunning, persona. Their
Ask is very "Nordic" religion was
straightforward: the the way. The tales of
original Old Norse form the brave Thor, wise
of the word is Askr, Odin, cunning Lokki,
“Ash Tree” the doom of twilight of
- The meaning of Embla’s the Gods were captured
name is more elusive. and written by the
Some of the main northerns to express
scholarly guesses so the fight of survival
far are “Elm,” “Water and teach the younger
Pot,” and “Vine.” If to survive. They have
“Vine” is correct, it no time to write
could be a sexual legends about love,
metaphor. Vines were sunshine and cheating
used as kindling and husbands when that is
the drills were made of not important for their
harder wood, so the culture.
drill, which
corresponds to Ask,
would make a fire, EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY
which corresponds to 1. Beginning of Creation
life, by boring into - darkness
the vine, which - swirling chaos
corresponds to Embla. (nothingness)
- Worship gods
- Fight along with the 2. Cosmogony/Theogony
gods during Ragnarok - Atum (God of Creator)
mated with his shadow
5. Cultural Relevance to give birth to:
- Norse mythology is - Shu (God of Air)
typical of germanic/ - Tefnut (Goddess of
teutonic/ gothic Moisture)
culture. It is - Shu and Tefnut mated
characterized as and gave birth to:
Revenge, Wrath, Murder, - Geb (Earth)
Death, Rationalism, - Nut (Sky)
Cunning, Domination, - Geb and Nut mated and
all factors that ends gave birth to other
up in survival. prominent gods of the
- The ancient European Egyptian Mythology
north was a very - Osiris
inhospitable and deadly - Isis
place to live. The - Set
fight to live every - Nepthys
single day, fight for - Horus
food, fight with the
snow, the frozen waves, 3. Creation of Humans
and fight with - In time, Atum became
bloodthirsty tribes. If concerned because his
these northerns wanted children were gone so
to survive they should long and so removed his
 eye and sent it in - Worshiped hundreds of
search of them. gods
- Shu and Tefnut returned - To fill the world who
with the eye of Atum could think, talk and
and their father, love
grateful for their safe 5. Cultural Relevance
return, shed tears of - Singing songs about
joy. These tears, Pangu promotes kids to
dropping onto the dark, care their previous
fertile earth of generation
the ben-ben, gave birth - Eggs are significant in
to men and women. Chinese culture, as a
symbol for fertility
4. Purpose of Humans and a big healthy
- Worship the gods family
- Men and women are equal - Egg white and yolk
symbolize silver and
5. Cultural Relevance gold, and can be gifts
- Men and women are equal for friends during the
- Able to participate in New Year’s festival
economic, political and - In Chinese culture, it
judicial arenas is common to hold at
the baby’s first-year
birthday a red egg and
JAPANESE MYTHOLOGY ginger as it symbolizes
joy and renewed life
- Red color symbolizes
CHINESE MYTHOLOGY prosperity and good
1. Beginning of Creation fortune while white or
- Nothingness beige is for death
- The principle Yin and
2. Cosmogony/Theogony Yang is that all things
- Pangu (first God) are inseparable and
bloomed creation of the contradictory opposites
universe and world from and thus becomes the
his death “Way of Life” in Taoism
- Nuwa (Goddess/ Creator - In Chinese religion,
of Mankind) and Fuxi Taoist favor Yin
(God/Savior of Mankind) (reclusion) while
- parent God and Confucianist favor Yang
Goddess (importance of
engagement in life)
3. Creation of Humans
- Mankind was created out
of yellow earth and mud
by Nuwa and breathed
life to them
- Other version, they
were created from
fleas/ lice of Pangu

4. Purpose of Humans
- Procreation