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Chapter 3 Example of Compression Column

This document discusses the design of steel compression members. It provides three examples of checking the adequacy of steel columns under axial force. In the examples, the key steps are: 1) determining section properties and classification, 2) calculating buckling lengths, 3) determining slenderness ratios, 4) identifying the governing buckling curve, 5) calculating the design buckling resistance and comparing to the applied load. Solutions are proposed when the initial section is inadequate, such as adding intermediate restraints or plates to reinforce weak axes.

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674 views

Chapter 3 Example of Compression Column

This document discusses the design of steel compression members. It provides three examples of checking the adequacy of steel columns under axial force. In the examples, the key steps are: 1) determining section properties and classification, 2) calculating buckling lengths, 3) determining slenderness ratios, 4) identifying the governing buckling curve, 5) calculating the design buckling resistance and comparing to the applied load. Solutions are proposed when the initial section is inadequate, such as adding intermediate restraints or plates to reinforce weak axes.

Uploaded by

Mesfin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter three: design of Compression Members 1

Example 1: Check the adequacy of a 356x358x129 UC for the column


shown here which is pin-ended about both axes and has no
intermediate restraint with axial force of Nsd=4000KN. Use Fe510 for
steel.

Section properties from table are as follows

Solution:

For Fe510 b/c t<40mm,

Step 1 select trial section: it is given as 356x358x129 UC

Step 2 Section classification

Out stand element of the compression flange for rolled sections:

Web of an I-beam where whole section is subjected to axial compression

The overall section is class 3.

Therefore no need of area reduction and hence A=164cm2 and bA =1 for class 3 sections

Step 3 calculate Buckling length Ley=Lez=6m

Step 4 Calculate design compression resistance

Design of Steel and timber structures (CEng 3112 ) compression member design example
Chapter three: design of Compression Members 2

Step 4 Determine the non dimensional slenderness ratio

Thus z-axis is the governing buckling axis.

Step 6 determine the appropriate column curve

Buckling curve is curve c

Step 7 Determine the value of

From the formula or table and interpolating for

Step 6 Calculate design buckling resistance

section is not safe for the applied load that is it will fail by flexural buckling. Hence try another section
with larger area from the table.

Example 2

Determine the design buckling resistance of a 457 x 152 x 52 UB used as a pin-ended column. The
column is 3.00 m long and its steel grade is Fe 360.

Design of Steel and timber structures (CEng 3112 ) compression member design example
Chapter three: design of Compression Members 3

Solution:

For Fe360 b/c t<40mm,

Step 1 select trial section: it is given as 457x152x52 UB

Step 2 Section classification

These limiting values are to satisfy at least class 3:

Outstand element of compression flange: c/tf ≤ 15ε = 15

Web subject to compression only: d/tw ≤ 51ε = 51

Out stand element of the compression flange for rolled sections:

Web of an I-beam where whole section is subjected to axial compression

Therefore, the flange satisfies the Class 3 requirement, but the web does not satisfy that is Class
4 section. Consequently, there must be a reduction in the strength of the section to allow for the
load buckling which will take place in the web. Therefore, the effective area, Aeff must be
determined for the web.

Explanation for the effect.

Design of Steel and timber structures (CEng 3112 ) compression member design example
Chapter three: design of Compression Members 4

The effective width is beff = reduction factor x b = ρ x b.

The method to calculate the effective area (Aeff) is explained in section 4.3.4 of EBCS-3.

To calculate the reduction factor ρ is as follow.

1 for  p  0.673

    p  0.22
 2
for  p  0.673
  p

fy b/t
Where p is the element slenderness defined as, p  
 cr 28.4 k
t = the relevant thickness

k = the buckling factor corresponding to the stress ratio  from Table 4.3 or 4.4 of EBCS 3.

In our example, since the column is axially loaded the stress distribution is uniform, i.e.
σ1 =σ2. Table 4.3 is used to calculate the effective width. Thus, σ1/ σ2 = 1, and kσ = 4.0 (see
lower part of table 4.3)

Design of Steel and timber structures (CEng 3112 ) compression member design example
Chapter three: design of Compression Members 5

Therefore the area that should be ignored at the center of the web is

Step 4 Determine the non dimensional slenderness ratio

Thus z-axis is the governing buckling axis.

Step 6 determine the appropriate column curve

Buckling curve is curve b

Step 7 Determine the value of

From the formula or table and interpolating for

Step 6 Calculate design buckling resistance

section can resist a maximum load of 790.05KN without any flexural buckling failure.

Example 3

Design of Steel and timber structures (CEng 3112 ) compression member design example
Chapter three: design of Compression Members 6

The column B – E on the Figure shown below is under the action of NSd = 2500 kN. Both sides
are pinned. Check the resistance of the column. Steel grade Fe 430 is used.

Step 1: Axial load NSd = 2500 kN.

Step 2:Buckling length L = 4000 mm (pinned end both sides. Frame non-sway mode).

Step 3: The section is given.

Step 4:Determine the class of the cross-section and check for a local buckling. The section is
subjected to uniform compression. For the section to be classified as at least class 3, in
order to avoid any modification to the full cross sectional area due to local buckling, the
limiting width to thickness ratio for class 3 section are (See Table 4.1 EBCS-3).

 Outstand element of compression flange: c/tf ≤ 15 ε .


 Web subject to compression only: d / tw ≤ 51ε .

This gives the following limiting values:

Out stand element of the compression flange for rolled sections:

Web of an I-beam where whole section is subjected to axial compression

Design of Steel and timber structures (CEng 3112 ) compression member design example
Chapter three: design of Compression Members 7

Therefore, the section belongs to at least Class 3 and thus, β A = 1.0.

Step-5: Determine the non-dimensional slenderness ratio.

Thus z-axis is the governing buckling axis.

Step 6 determine the appropriate column curve

Buckling curve is curve c

Step 7 Determine the value of

From the formula or the table 4.9 in EBCS-3 and interpolating for

Step 6 Calculate design buckling resistance and design compression resistance

The column will fail by buckling of the compression member.

Possible solutions are:

 Select a section with larger cross section


 Provide lateral restraint at mid span or any suitable point
 Add plates to reinforce the weak axis (compound flange)

Solutions 1: Let's add an additional hinged support at mid-height to increase the resistance about the
minor axis.
Go to step 5

Design of Steel and timber structures (CEng 3112 ) compression member design example
Chapter three: design of Compression Members 8

Thus z-axis is the governing buckling axis.

Determine the value of (buckling curve b)

From the formula or the table 4.9 in EBCS-3 and interpolating for

Calculate design buckling resistance and design compression resistance

The column is adequate to resist the load.

Solution 2: Add two plates 200 x 10 mm to reinforce the weak axis.

Design of Steel and timber structures (CEng 3112 ) compression member design example
Chapter three: design of Compression Members 9

The column is adequate to resist the load.

Design of Steel and timber structures (CEng 3112 ) compression member design example

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