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    Modal Auxiliaries

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    Shinta Ari Herdiana
    The document discusses modal auxiliaries, which are helping verbs that express meanings like ability, permission, possibility, necessity, and more. It lists the main English modal auxiliaries as can, could, may, might, should, had better, must, will, and would. Each modal auxiliary is explained in terms of its different meanings and usages. Examples are provided to illustrate how each modal auxiliary is used in sentences.

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    Modal Auxiliaries

    Uploaded by

    Shinta Ari Herdiana
    363 views7 pages
    The document discusses modal auxiliaries, which are helping verbs that express meanings like ability, permission, possibility, necessity, and more. It lists the main English modal auxiliaries as can, could, may, might, should, had better, must, will, and would. Each modal auxiliary is explained in terms of its different meanings and usages. Examples are provided to illustrate how each modal auxiliary is used in sentences.

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    The document discusses modal auxiliaries, which are helping verbs that express meanings like ability, permission, possibility, necessity, and more. It lists the main English modal auxiliaries as can, could, may, might, should, had better, must, will, and would. Each modal auxiliary is explained in terms of its different meanings and usages. Examples are provided to illustrate how each modal auxiliary is used in sentences.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    363 views7 pages

    Modal Auxiliaries

    Uploaded by

    Shinta Ari Herdiana
    The document discusses modal auxiliaries, which are helping verbs that express meanings like ability, permission, possibility, necessity, and more. It lists the main English modal auxiliaries as can, could, may, might, should, had better, must, will, and would. Each modal auxiliary is explained in terms of its different meanings and usages. Examples are provided to illustrate how each modal auxiliary is used in sentences.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Modal Auxiliaries And Similar Expressions

    A. WHAT ARE MODAL AUXILIARIES?

    Modal auxiliaries are verbs that express many kinds of meaning. Each modal auxiliary
    often expresses more than one meaning and have characteristic :
    1. Modal do not take a final -s, even when the subject is he, she, or it.
    2. Modals are followed immediately by simple form of verb.

    B. THE FORM OF MODAL AUXILIARIES


    The verb in the list below are modal auxiliaries. They are helping verbs that express a wide
    range of meanings (ability, permission, possibility, necessity, etc.). Most of the modals have
    more than one meaning.

    AUXILIARY + THE SIMPLE FORM OF A Can, could may, might, should,


    VERB had better, must, will, and would
    are followed by the simple form of a
    Can I can speak English.
    verb.
    Could He couldn’t come to class.
    May It may rain tomorrow.
    They are not followed by to:
    Might It might rain tomorrow.
    CORRECT: I can speak English.
    Should Mary should study harder.
    INCORRECT: I can to speak
    Had better I had better study tonight.
    English.
    Must Joe must see a doctor today.
    Will I will be in class tomorrow.
    The main verb never has a final -s.
    Would Would you please close the door?
    CORRECT: Olga can speak English.
    INCORRECT: Olga can speaks
    English

    AUXILIARY + TO + THE SIMPLE FORM OR Have, have got, and ought are
    A VERB followed by an infinitive (to + the
    Have to I have to study tonight.
    simple form of a verb).
    Have got to I have got to study tonight.
    Ought to Kate ought to study harder.
    C. THE KINDS OF MODAL :
    1. Can

    a. Expressing an Ability

    - I can do the test.

    - Bob can play the piano.

    - You can buy a screwdriver at a hardware store.

    b. Expressing a Possibility

    - He can be in the class now.

    - She can be a doctor

    - Don’t get too close the dog. It can bite you.

    c. Expressing a Permission

    - You can leave me now

    - You can go home now

    - You can read the book here

    d. Expressing a Request

    - Can I leave now?

    - Can you help me?

    - Can I borrow your book? (Informal polite request)

    e. Similar expressions to can is be able to

    2. Could
    a. Expressing a Permission

    - Could I borrow your pen, please?

    b. Expressing a Informal polite request

    - Could you pick me up at seven o’clock?

    c. Expressing a Possibility

    - He could be here anytime

    d. Similar expressions to Could is be able to

    3. Will

    a. For to show futurity

    - He will be come here tomorrow

    - I will go abroad next year.

    b. Expressing a timeless truth

    - Oil will float on water

    - She will most of his money to her son

    - Where there is a will, there is a way

    c. Expressing a certainty or confidence about present or future situations

    - They will be home by this time

    - I will go to England next week

    d. Expressing a volition

    - I will help you


    - I will drop by whenever I have time

    - I will give you one of these pills

    e. Similar expressions to will is be going to

    4. Would

    a. Expressing a request

    - Would you mind closing the window?

    - Would you mind helping me?

    - Would you give me time to prepare my self?

    b. To show past habits

    - When she was a girl, her mother would tell her stories

    - When she was child, her mother would bought her dolls

    c. Similar expressions to would is be going to

    5. Shall

    a. Expressing a promise, futurity, request, duty or threat

    - I shall do in spite the danger

    - I shall ask him to teach me to swim


    - I shall go to Hawai tomorrow

    - Every citizen shall pay the tax

    - You shall be punished if you do it again

    - I shall meet her tomorrow

    b. Similar expressions to shall is be going to

    6. Should

    a. Expressing an advisability

    - We should do something now.

    b. Expressing a Future Certainty

    - They should be there tomorrow.

    c. Expressing a advice

    - You should obey your parents

    - You should eat more fruit

    d. Expressing a duty

    - You should pay your debt

    e. Expressing a probability

    - If it should rain, I will stay at home

    f. Similar expressions to should is be going to

    7. May

    a. Expressing a permission
    - You may come any time you like

    b. Expressing a possibility

    - You may be wrong

    - It may rain tonight

    - Iwan may come late

    c. Expressing a hope

    - May God bless you

    d. Similar expressions to may is be allowed to

    8. Might

    a. Expressing a request

    - You might just go once in a while

    b. Expressing a possibility

    - Today might rain

    - I might be late

    c. Similar expressions to might is be allowed to

    9. Must

    a. Expressing a necessity, obligation

    - I must go now
    b. Expressing a Prohibition

    - You must not break the school rules.

    c. Expressing a Certainty

    - John must be upset. He failed in the final test.

    d. Similar expressions to must is have to/has to

    10. Ought to

    a. Expressing a advice

    - You ought to improve your speaking skill

    b. Similar expressions to ought to is be supposed to

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