HTML viva Questions

A list of top frequently asked HTML VIVA questions and answers are given below.
1) What is HTML?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a language of World Wide Web. It is a standard
text formatting language which is used to create and display pages on the Web. It makes the text more
interactive and dynamic. It can turn text into images, tables, links.
2) What are Tags?
HTML tags are composed of three things: an opening tag, content and ending tag. Some tags are unclosed
tags.
HTML documents contain two things:
 content, and
 tags
When a web browser reads an HTML document, the browser reads it from top to bottom and left to right.
HTML tags are used to create HTML documents and render their properties. Each HTML tags have
different properties.
Syntax
1. <tag> content </tag>
Content is placed between tags to display data on the web page.
3) Do all HTML tags have an end tag?
No. There are some HTML tags that don't need a closing tag. For example: <image> tag, <br> tag
4) What is formatting in HTML?
The HTML formatting is a process of format the text for a better look and feel. It uses different tags to
make text bold, italicized, underlined.
5) How many types of heading does an HTML contain?
The HTML contains six types of headings which are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. Each type of
heading tag displays different text size from another. So, <h1> is the largest heading tag and <h6> is the
smallest one. For example:
1. <h1>Heading no. 1</h1>
2. <h2>Heading no. 2</h2>
3. <h3>Heading no. 3</h3>
4. <h4>Heading no. 4</h4>
5. <h5>Heading no. 5</h5>
6. <h6>Heading no. 6</h6>
6) How to create a hyperlink in HTML?
The HTML provides an anchor tag to create a hyperlink that links one page to another page. These tags
can appear in any of the following ways:
 Unvisited link - It is displayed, underlined and blue.
 Visited link - It is displayed, underlined and purple.
 Active link - It is displayed, underlined and red.
7) Which HTML tag is used to display the data in the tabular form?
The HTML table tag is used to display data in tabular form (row * column). It also manages the layout
of the page, e.g., header section, navigation bar, body content, footer section. Here is the list of tags used
while displaying the data in the tabular form:
Tag Description
<table> It defines a table.
<tr> It defines a row in a table.
<th> It defines a header cell in a table.
<td> It defines a cell in a table.
<caption> It defines the table caption.
<colgroup> It specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting.
<col> It is used with <colgroup> element to specify column properties for each column.
<tbody> It is used to group the body content in a table.
<thead> It is used to group the header content in a table.
<tfooter> It is used to group the footer content in a table.
8) What are some common lists that are used when designing a page?
There are many common lists which are used to design a page. You can choose any or a combination of
the following list types:
 Ordered list - The ordered list displays elements in numbered format. It is represented by <ol>
tag.
 Unordered list - The unordered list displays elements in bulleted format. It is represented by <ul>
tag.
 Definition list - The definition list displays elements in definition form like in dictionary. The
<dl>, <dt> and <dd> tags are used to define description list.
9) What is the difference between HTML elements and tags?
HTML elements communicate to the browser to render text. When the elements are enclosed by brackets
<>, they form HTML tags. Most of the time, tags come in a pair and surround content.
10) What is semantic HTML?
Semantic HTML is a coding style. It is the use of HTML markup to reinforce the semantics or meaning of
the content. For example: In semantic HTML <b> </b> tag is not used for bold statement as well as <i>
</i> tag is used for italic. Instead of these we use <strong></strong> and <em></em> tags.
11) What is an image map?
Image map facilitates you to link many different web pages using a single image. It is represented by
<map> tag. You can define shapes in images that you want to make part of an image mapping.
12) How to insert a copyright symbol on a browser page?
You can insert a copyright symbol by using &copy; or &#169; in an HTML file.
13) How to create a nested webpage in HTML?
The HTML iframe tag is used to display a nested webpage. In other words, it represents a webpage within
a webpage. The HTML <iframe> tag defines an inline frame. For example:
<html>
<body>
<h2>HTML Iframes example</h2>
<p>Use the height and width attributes to specify the size of the iframe:</p>
<iframe src="https://www.javatpoint.com/" height="300" width="400"></iframe>
</body>
</html>
14) How do you keep list elements straight in an HTML file?
You can keep the list elements straight by using indents.
15) Does a hyperlink only apply to text?
No, you can use hyperlinks on text and images both. The HTML anchor tag defines a hyperlink that links
one page to another page. The "href" attribute is the most important attribute of the HTML anchor tag.
Syntax
1. <a href = "..........."> Link Text </a>
16) What is a style sheet?
A style sheet is used to build a consistent, transportable, and well-designed style template. You can add
these templates on several different web pages. It describes the look and formatting of a document written
in markup language.

17) Can you create a multi-colored text on a web page?

Yes. To create a multicolor text on a web page you can use <font color ="color"> </font> for the specific
texts you want to color.
18) Is it possible to change the color of the bullet?
The color of the bullet is always the color of the first text of the list. So, if you want to change the color of
the bullet, you must change the color of the text.
19) Explain the layout of HTML?
HTML layout specifies a way in which the web page is arranged.
Every website has a specific layout to display content in a specific manner.
Following are different HTML5 elements which are used to define the different parts of a webpage.
 <header>: It is used to define a header for a document or a section.
 <nav>: It is used to define a container for navigation links
 <section>: It is used to define a section in a document
 <article>: It is used to define an independent, self-contained article
 <aside>: It is used to define content aside from the content (like a sidebar)
 <footer>: It is used to define a footer for a document or a section
20) What is a marquee?
Marquee is used to put the scrolling text on a web page. It scrolls the image or text up, down, left or right
automatically. You should put the text which you want to scroll within the <marquee>......</marquee>
tag.
21) How many tags can be used to separate a section of texts?
Three tags are used to separate the texts.
 <br> tag - Usually <br> tag is used to separate the line of text. It breaks the current line and
conveys the flow to the next line
 <p> tag - The <p> tag contains the text in the form of a new paragraph.
 <blockquote> tag - It is used to define a large quoted section. If you have a large quotation, then
put the entire text within <blockquote>.............</blockquote> tag.
22) How to make a picture of a background image of a web page?
To make a picture a background image on a web page, you should put the following tag code after the
</head> tag.
1. <body background = "image.gif">
Here, replace the "image.gif" with the name of your image file which you want to display on your web
page.
23) What are empty elements?
HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. For example: <br>, <hr> etc.
24) What is the use of a span tag? Give one example.
The span tag is used for following things:
 For adding color on text
 For adding background on text
 Highlight any color text
Example:
1. <p>
2. <span style="color:#ffffff;">
3. In this page we use span.
4. </span>
5. </p>
25) What is the use of an iframe tag?
An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.
Syntax:
1. <iframe src="URL"></iframe>
Example:
1. <iframe src="demo_iframe.html" width="200px" height="200px"></iframe>
Target to a link:
1. <iframe src="http://www.javatpoint.com" name="iframe_a"></iframe>
26) What are the entities in HTML?
The HTML character entities are used as a replacement for reserved characters in HTML. You can also
replace characters that are not present on your keyboard by entities. These characters are replaced because
some characters are reserved in HTML.
27) Why is a URL encoded in HTML?
An URL is encoded to convert non-ASCII characters into a format that can be used over the Internet
because a URL is sent over the Internet by using the ASCII character-set only. If a URL contains
characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted. The non-ASCII characters are replaced
with a "%" followed by hexadecimal digits.
28) Does a <!DOCTYPE html> tag is a HTML tag?
No, the <!DOCTYPE html> declaration is not an HTML tag. There are many type of HTML e.g. HTML
4.01 Strict, HTML 4.01 Transitional, HTML 4.01 Frameset, XHTML 1.0 Strict, XHTML 1.0
Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Frameset, XHTML 1.1 etc. So, <!DOCTYPE html> is used to instruct the web
browser about the HTML page.
29) What is the canvas element in HTML5?
The <canvas> element is a container that is used to draw graphics on the web page using scripting
language like JavaScript. It allows for dynamic and scriptable rendering of 2D shapes and bitmap images.
There are several methods in canvas to draw paths, boxes, circles, text and add images. For Example:
1. <canvas id="myCanvas1" width="300" height="100" style="border:2px solid;">
2. Your browser does not support the HTML5 canvas tag.
3. </canvas>
30) What is SVG?
HTML SVG is used to describe the two-dimensional vector and vector/raster graphics. SVG images and
their behaviors are defined in XML text files. So as XML files, you can create and edit an SVG image
with the text editor. It is mostly used for vector type diagrams like pie charts, 2-Dimensional graphs in an
X, Y coordinate system.
1. <svg width="100" height="100">
2. <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" stroke="yellow" stroke-width="4" fill="red" />
3. </svg>
31) What are the different new form element types in HTML 5?
Following is a list of 10 frequently used new elements in HTML 5:
 Color
 Date
 Datetime-local
 Email
 Time
 Url
 Range
 Telephone
 Number
 Search

32) Is there any need to change the web browsers to support HTML5?
No. Almost all browsers (updated versions) support HTML 5. For example Chrome, Firefox, Opera,
Safari, IE.
33) Which type of video formats are supported by HTML5?
HTML 5 supports three types of video format:
 mp4
 WebM
  Ogg
34) Is audio tag supported in HTML 5?
Yes. It is used to add sound or music files on the web page. There are three supported file formats for
HTML 5 audio tag.
1. mp3
2. WAV
3. Ogg
Let's see the code to play mp3 file using HTML audio tag.
1. <audio controls>
2. <source src="koyal.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
3. Your browser does not support the html audio tag.
4. </audio>
Instead of koyal.mp3, you can pass any mp3 file name.
35) What is the difference between progress and meter tag?
The progress tag is used to represent the progress of the task only while the meter tag is used to measure
data within a given range.
36) What is the use of figure tag in HTML 5?
The figure tag is used to add a photo in the document on the web page. It is used to handle the group of
diagrams, photos, code listing with some embedded content.
1. <p>The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the unive
rsally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage."</p>
2. <figure>
3. <img src="htmlpages/images/tajmahal.jpg" alt="Taj Mahal"/>
4. </figure>
37) What is the use of figcaption tag in HTML 5?
The <figcaption> element is used to provide a caption to an image. It is an optional tag and can appear
before or after the content within the <figure> tag. The <figcaption> element is used with <figure>
element and it can be placed as the first or last child of the <figure> element.
1. <figure>
2. <img src="htmlpages/images/tajmahal.jpg" alt="Taj Mahal"/>
3. <figcaption>Fig.1.1 - A front view of the great Taj Mahal in Agra.</figcaption>
4. </figure>
38) What is button tag?
The button tag is used in HTML 5. It is used to create a clickable button within the HTML form on the
web page. It is generally used to create a "submit" or "reset" button. Let's see the code to display the
button.
1. <button name="button" type="button">Click Here</button>
39) What is the use of details and summary tag?
The details tag is used to specify some additional details on the web page. It can be viewed or hidden on
demand. The summary tag is used with details tag.
40) What is datalist tag?
The HTML 5 datalist tag provides an autocomplete feature on the form element. It facilitates users to
choose the predefined options to the users to select data.
1. <label>
2. Enter your favorite cricket player: Press any character<br />
3. <input type="text" id="favCktPlayer" list="CktPlayers">
4. <datalist id="CktPlayers">
5. <option value="Sachin Tendulkar">
6. <option value="Brian Lara">
7. <option value="Jacques Kallis">
8. <option value="Ricky Ponting">
 9. <option value="Rahul Dravid">
10. <option value="Shane Warne">
11. <option value="Rohit Sharma">
12. <option value="Donald Bradman">
13. <option value="Saurav Ganguly ">
14. <option value="AB diVilliers">
15. <option value="Mahendra Singh Dhoni">
16. <option value="Adam Gilchrist">
17. </datalist>
18. </label>
41) How are tags migrated from HTML4 to HTML5?
No. Typical HTML4 Typical HTML5
1) <div id="header"> <header>
2) <div id="menu"> <nav>
3) <div id="content"> <section>
4) <div id="post"> <article>
5) <div id="footer"> <footer>
Header and Footer Example
HTML 4 Header and Footer:
1. <div id="header">
2. <h1>Monday Times</h1>
3. </div>
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. <div id="footer">
8. <p>&copy; JavaTpoint. All rights reserved.</p>
9. </div>
HTML 5 Header and Footer:
1. <header>
2. <h1>Monday Times</h1>
3. </header>
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. <footer>
8. <p>© JavaTpoint. All rights reserved.</p>
9. </footer>
Menu Example
HTML 4 Menu:
1. <div id="menu">
2. <ul>
3. <li>News</li>
4. <li>Sports</li>
5. <li>Weather</li>
6. </ul>
7. </div>
HTML 5 Menu:
 1. <nav>
2. <ul>
3. <li>News</li>
4. <li>Sports</li>
5. <li>Weather</li>
6. </ul>
7. </nav>
42) If I do not put <!DOCTYPE html> will HTML 5 work?
No, the browser will not be able to identify that it is an HTML document and HTML 5 tags do not
function properly..
43) What is the use of the required attribute in HTML5?
It forces a user to fill text on the text field or text area before submitting the form. It is used for form
validation.
Example:
1. Name: <input type="text" name="name" required>
44) What are the new <input> types for form validation in HTML5?
The new input types for form validation are email, URL, number, tel, and date.
Example:
1. <input type="email">
WEB TECHNOLOGIES LAB MANUAL
1.Aim:
Write a HTML program illusrtating text formatting.
Program:
<html>
<head>
<title>Formatting tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>About formatting tags</center>
<b>bold tag is used to display text in the thick format</b><br>
<i>italic tag is used to stylize the text</i><br>
<u> this tag provides underline to the text</u><br>
x² and y²<br>
(a+b)²=a²+b²+2ab<br>
h₂o and mno₄<br>
<em>computer is an electronic device</em><br>
<strike>this tag is used to strike the text</strike><br>
<big>HTML stands for hyper text markup language</big><br>
<small>c language is procedure oriented</small><br>
<strong>java is pbject oriented language</strong><br>
<font color="red" size="6">
HTML is used for creating web pages.
DBMS is used to store the data.</font><br>
<marquee>this tag will make the data to scroll</marquee><br>
<blink>the text will be blinked.</blink>
</body>
</html>
Result:
Thus the above code hasbeen successfully generated
Output:

2.Aim:
Write a HTML program illusrtating the font variations.
Program:
<html>
<head>
<title>Font variation</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>changing font sizes and styles</p>
<font size="6" color="green" face="arial">this is font tag</font>
<font size="7" color="yellow">this is font tag</font>
<font size="8" color="blue" face="lucida console">this is font tag</font>
<font size="9" color="orange">this is font tag</font>
</body>
</html>
Result:
Thus the above code hasbeen successfully generated.
Output:
3.Aim:
Write a HTML program illusrtating the Hyper links.
Program:
<html>
<head>
<title>Hyper links</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">creating hyper links</h1>
<p>hyper links are used to create a link between 2 or more webpages </p>
<a href="orderlist.html">link1</a>
<a href="unorderlist.html">link2</a>
<a href="https://www.google.com.html">link3</a>
</body>
</html>
open a new notepad:orderlist.html
<html>
<head>
<title>orderlist</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">Fruits</h1>
<ol type="a">
<li>mango</li>
<li>apple</li>
<li>orange</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>
open a new notepad:unorderlist.html
<html>
<head>
<title>unorderlist</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">Fruits</h1>
<ul type="circle">
<li>mango</li>
<li>apple</li>
<li>orange</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
Result:
Thus the above code hasbeen successfully generated.
Output:
4.Aim:
Write a HTML program illusrtating the three types of lists.

Program:
<html>
<head>
<title>orderlist</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><font color="blue" size ="7">ordered list</font></h1>
<h1><font color="red" size ="6">fruits</font></h1>
<ol type="a">
<li>mango</li>
<li>apple</li>
<li>orange</li>
</ol>
<h1><font color="yellow" size ="7">unordered list</font></h1>
<h1><font color="red" size ="6">programming languages</font></h1>
<ul type="circle">
<li>c</li>
<li>c++</li>
<li>java</li>
</ul>
<h1 align="center">defination list</h1>
<dt><h3>DBMS</h3><dt>
<dd>Data base mangement system</dd>
<dt>HTML<dt>
<dd>Hyper text markup language</dd>
<dt>XML<dt>
<dd>Extensible markup language</dd>
</body>
</html>
RESULT:
Thus the above has been succesfully generated .
Output:
5.Aim:
Write a HTML program to create nested table to show your curriculum.
Program:
<html>
<head>
<title>table</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<table border="2">
<caption><b>curriculum</b></caption>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Name</th>
<td colspan="2">Ram</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">gender</th>
<td colspan="2">Male</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Dob</th>
<td colspan="2">22-5-1999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Nationality</th>
<td colspan="2">indian</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th rowspan="2">address</th>
<td rowspan="2">d.no:1-123,kesavanager,dharmavaram</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">phno</th>
<td colspan="2">1234569870</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" align="center">education</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>course</th>
<th>board</th>
<th> year ofpassing </th>
<th>percentage</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>b.sc</td>
<td>s.k.u</td>
<td>2017 </td>
<td>80%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>intermediate</td>
<td>board of intermediate</td>
<td>2014 </td>
<td>82%</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</body>
</html>
RESULT:
 Thus the above has been succesfully generated .
Output:

6.Aim:
Write a HTML program illusrtating the dividing the web pages.
Program:
<html>
<head>
<title>Formatting tags</title>
</head>
<body>
<iframe height="89%" width="10%"></iframe>
<iframe height="89%" width="89%"></iframe>
<iframe height="10%" width="100%"></iframe>
</body>
</html>
Result:
Thus the above code hasbeen successfully generated.
Output:
7.Aim:
Write a HTML program illusrtating the dividing the web pages.
Program:
<html>
<head>
<title>Application Form</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">application form</h1><br>
<form name="form1" method="post" action="www.gmail.com">
<p>name:<input type="text"name="a" value="enter name"></p>
<p>father name:<input type="text"name="b" value="enter fathername"></p>
<p>dob:<input type="date"name="c"></p>
<p>username:<input type="text"name="d" value="enter username"></p>
<p>password:<input type="password"name="e" value="enter password"></p>
<p>hobbies:<input type="checkbox"name="f">tv
<input type="checkbox"name="g">books
<input type="checkbox"name="h">chess
</p>
<p>gender:<input type="radio"name="i" value="male">
<input type="radio"name="i" value="female"></p>
<p>qualification:<select name="j">
<option value="ssc">ssc</option>
<option value="ssc">inter</option>
<option value="ssc">degree</option>
</select>
</p>
<p>state:<select name="k">
<option value="ap">ap</option>
<option value="mp">mp</option>
<option value="up">up</option>
</select>
</p>
<p><input type="button"name="l" value="submit">
<input type="button"name="m" value="reset">
</p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Result:
Thus the above code hasbeen successfully generated.
Output:

8.Aim:
Write a HTML program illusrtating the horizontal rulers in your web page.
Program:
<html>
<head>
<title> horizontal rulers</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>about html</h1>
<hr>
<h2>hyper text markup language</h2>
<p>it is used to create the web pages </p>
<hr>
<p>html programs are executed in browser</p>
<hr>
<p>a html file can be created by using simple text editor</p>
</body>
</html>
Result:
Thus the above code hasbeen successfully generated.
Output:

9.Aim:
Write a HTML program including style sheets.
Program:
<html>
<head>
<title> inline,external and internal style sheets</title>
<link href="mystyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<style type="text/css">
h1
{
color:"blue";
font-size:"20px"
}
h2
{
background:"pink";
font-family:"Lucida Fax";
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>inline program</h1>
<h2>external program</h2>
<p>it is used to create the web pages </p>
<h2>internal program</h2>
</body>
</html>
open a new notepad: mystyle.css
h1
{
color:"red";
font-size:"35px"
}
h2
{
background:"green";
font-family:"Lucida console";
}
Result:
Thus the above code hasbeen successfully generated.
Output:

10.Aim:
Write a HTML program to layers of information in webpages.
Program:
<html>
<head>
<title>layers</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="position:absoulte;top:20px;left:25px;Z-index:4;background:mangenta;font-size:20pt”>
<h1>This is the heading tag</h1>
<p>this is the paragraph</p>
<p>this is the another paragraph</p>
</div>
<div style="position:absoulte;top:150px;left:400px;Z-index:1;color:blue;font-size:20pt ">
<h1>This is the heading tag</h1>
<p>this is the another paragraph</p>
<p>the layers can be created div tag</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Result:
Thus the above code hasbeen successfully generated.
Output:

11.Aim:
Write a HTML program to accept the first,middle and last names of the user.

Program:
<html>
<head>
<title>print names</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function printnames()
{
var fname=prompt("enter ur first name");
var mname=prompt("enter ur middle name");
var lname=prompt("enter ur last name");
alert(fname+mname+lname)
}
</script>
</head>
<body bgcolor=”red”>
<script type="text/javascript">
printnames();
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result:
Thus the above code hasbeen successfully generated.

Output:
12.Aim:
Write a HTML program to illustrate addition of 2 numbers using javascript.
Program:
<html>
<head>
<title>addition</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var a=parseInt(prompt("enter the value of a ");
var b=parseInt(prompt("enter the value of b");
var result=a+b;
document.writeln("<h1>addition=</h1>"+result);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Result:
Thus the above code hasbeen successfully generated.
Output:
 E-COMMERCE VIVA Questions :

1. What are the features of E-commerce?

Answer:
The features of e-commerce are non-cash payment, service availability (24*7), Improved sales, support,
advertising and marketing, inventory management, communication efficient, faster, reliable, less time
consuming, on the go service and saving time. It is available at any time and anywhere, helps in making a
better management of product and services.

Q2. Difference between E-commerce and Traditional Commerce?

Answer:
Traditional Commerce is mainly dependent on the exchange of information from one person to other
whereas E-commerce has very less dependency on the same. In traditional commerce, transactions or
communication are done synchronously. It means manual intervention is required for any communication
or transaction, but in e-commerce transactions or communications can be done asynchronously. Mainly
all the process is automated one. Traditional, communications of business depend on individual skills but
in e-commerce, there is no manual intervention. In traditional, it is difficult to maintain and establish
standard practices whereas in e-commerce uniform strategy can be easily maintained and established. In
traditional commerce, there is the unavailability of uniform as it mainly depends on the personal
communication whereas, in e-commerce, there is one uniform platform provided where all the
information is available and it provides the platform to support the different business activities across the
globe which is not possible in traditional commerce.

Q3. What are the advantages to the organization?

Answer:
With help of e-commerce, organizations can extend their business or markets to national or international
markets by investing less capital. It can easily locate more customers, suppliers, and partners as well. It
helps the organizations to reduce their cost on process creation, distribute and manage the paper-based
information. It also helps in improving the brand image of the company. E-commerce generally helps in
providing better customer service and simplify the business process and makes it faster, secure and
efficient. It helps in automating the deliveries and reducing other unnecessary work.

Q4. What are the different e-commerce business models?

Answer:
This is the common E-commerce Interview Questions asked in an interview. The different e-commerce
business models are Business to Business (B2B), Business to Consumer (B2C), Consumer to Consumer
(C2C), Consumer to Business (C2B), Business to Government (B2G), Government to Business (G2B)
and Government to Citizen (G2C).

Q5. Explain the technical disadvantages of e-commerce?

Answer:
In e-commerce, there can be a lack of security of data, system, reliability and might be the poor standards
of implementation as well. It is still getting or finding it and keeps on changing rapidly. There can be
issues with the network in some areas, high-speed internet connectivity is required for accessing the
websites on the desktop or mobile or any other gadgets. Existing applications and databases are difficult
to integrate with e-commerce applications or software. There can be the issues with software
compatibility and hardware with some operating system or might be any other incompatibility with the
system.

6. Explain the advantages to society because of e-commerce?

Answer:
It helps in reducing the cost of products because of which more and more people can use the product. It
helps in enabling the rural areas to access the service and products because of which they can use any
product what all others are using in town or cities. It helps the government to deliver public services such
as healthcare, education, and social service at minimal cost and in a better manner. Most importantly no
need to travel anywhere, the products will be delivered to the defined address and which benefits the
customer, organization, and environment as well.

Q7. Tell us which different sector e-commerce applications are available in the market?
Answer:
The applications are mainly available for many different sectors or areas, from those areas some are like
books, music, financial services, home electronics, mobiles, entertainment, apparels, travel services, toys,
movie tickets, information, gifts and computer products, accessories etc.

What are the short-comings of e-commerce?

Answer:
E-commerce required lot of initial set up cost for creating the website of application. There can be the
trust issue on site as traditional buyers like to go for traditional commerce with interaction or
communication. It is really difficult to ensure the security or privacy to online transactions and stored
data. We can just view the product virtually not in reality as sometimes the delivered product looks
different from the expectation. Internet access is still not available for everyone and everywhere, which
makes difficult for organization reach there and expand their market like remote villages. There can be a
delay in launching the application or website because of mistakes, issues or unavoidable circumstance and
lack of experience.

Q9. Explain the B2C business model briefly?

This is the advanced E-commerce Interview Questions asked in an interview. This B2C business model
sells the product directly to customers. The customers can easily view the products on the website and
choose the product from the different varieties and order the product accordingly. The ordered product
will be delivered to the address and in between all the transit updates are sent to the customer via SMS or
email notification as per the choice of the customer only.

Q10. How does e-commerce work?

When a customer needs any product to buy, a customer goes to the website and choose the product that he
wants to buy. After selection of product, a customer will select the mode of payment whether it is online
or offline and after that product will checkout and ordered. The ordered products information has been
exchanged to customer and delivery logistics. This process is being done in just matter of minutes only.
For e-commerce enablement, getting internet merchant bank account, webs hosting, obtaining the digital
certificate, provider for online transactions and purchasing or creating the shopping cart software.
11.What Is Edi?
Electronic Data Interchange is the exchange of business documents, such as purchase orders and invoices,
between business partners in a common format directly from one computer to another.
12. Who Typically Uses Edi?
EDI is used in nearly all the major industries such as automotive, aerospace, retail, finance and CPG
sectors. EDI is regarded as the standard for the electronic exchange of documents from one company to
another.

13.Explain What Is Supply Chain Management?

Supply chain management includes an integrated approach of planning, implementing and controlling the
flow of information, materials and service from raw material to the finished good for the ultimate
distribution to the customer.
14.What is a Network?
A network is a set of devices connected to each other using a physical transmission medium.
15.What is Network Topology?
Network Topology is a physical layout of the computer network and it defines how the computers,
devices, cables etc are connected to each other.
16. What are Routers?
The router is a network device which connects two or more network segments. The router is used to
transfer information from the source to destination.Routers send the information in terms of data packets
and when these data packets are forwarded from one router to another router then the router reads the
network address in the packets and identifies the destination network.
17. What is OSI reference model?
Open System Interconnection, the name itself suggest that it is a reference model which defines how
applications can communicate with each other over a networking system.It also helps to understand the
relationship between networks and defines the process of communication in a network.
18.What is a Firewall?
Firewall is a network security system that is used to protect computer networks from unauthorized
access. It prevents malicious access from outside to the computer network. A firewall can also be built to
grant limited access to the outside users.
.
Firewalls can be installed just like any other computer software and later can be customized as per the
need and have some control over the access and security features. “
Windows Firewall” is an inbuilt Microsoft Windows application which comes along with the operating
system. This “Windows Firewall” also helps to prevent viruses, worms etc.
19.What is DNS?
Domain Name Server (DNS), in a non-professional language and we can call it as Internet’s phone book.
All the public IP addresses and their hostnames are stored in the DNS and later it translates into a
corresponding IP address.
20. What is the difference between Internet, Intranet, and Extranet?
The terminologies Internet, Intranet, and Extranet are used to define how the applications in the network
can be accessed. They use similar TCP/IP technology but differ in terms of access levels for each user
inside the network and outside the network.
Internet: Applications are accessed by anyone from any location using the web.

Intranet: It allows limited access to the users in the same organization.

Extranet: External users are allowed or provided with access to use the network application of the
organization.
21) what is a VPN?
Ans: VPN is the Virtual Private Network and is built on the Internet as a private wide area network.
Internet-based VPNs are less expensive and can be connected from anywhere in the world.
VPNs are used to connect offices remotely and are less expensive when compared to WAN connections.
VPNs are used for secure transactions and confidential data can be transferred between multiple offices.
VPN keeps company information secure against any potential intrusion.
22) What are the different types of a network? Explain each briefly.
Ans: There are 4 major types of network.

Personal Area Network (PAN): It is a smallest and basic network type that is often used at home. It is a
connection between the computer and another device such as phone, printer, modem tablets etc
Local Area Network (LAN): LAN is used in small offices and internet cafe to connect a small group of
computers to each other. Usually, they are used to transfer a file or for playing the game in a network.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): It is a powerful network type than LAN. The area covered by
MAN is a small town, city etc. A huge server is used to cover such a large span of area for connection.
Wide Area Network (WAN): It is more complex than LAN and covers a large span of area typically
a large physical distance. The Internet is the largest WAN which is spread across the world. WAN is
not owned by any single organization but it has distributed ownership.
23. Define various types of internet connections?
There are three types of internet connections. They are listed below
1) Broadband Connection – This type of connection gives continuous high-speed internet. In this
type, if we log off from the internet for any reason then there is no need to log in again.
Eg: Modems of cables, Fibres, wireless connection, satellite connection etc.
2) Wi-Fi – It is a wireless internet connection between the devices. It uses radio waves to connect to
the devices or gadgets.
3) WiMAX – It is the most advanced type of internet connection which is more featured than Wi-Fi.
It is nothing but the high-speed and advanced type of broadband connection.
24. What is the use of encryption and decryption?
Encryption is the process of converting the transmission data into another form that is not read by
any other device other than the intended receiver.
Decryption is the process of converting back the encrypted data to its normal form. An algorithm
called cipher is used in this conversion process.
25.What Is Web Page?
A web page is a rich document that can contain richly formatted text, graphics, animation, sound, and
much more. Some web pages are generated dynamically (such as the results of a search). You are
currently viewing a (static) web page. Every web page on the Internet has a unique address which starts
with the name of the computer that holds that page. Within a web page, words and pictures can be linked
to other pages. When you activate a link, you will be taken to another page automatically. See also: Web,
Web Browser, Understanding Internet Addresses.
26.What Is Url (universal Resource Locator)?
A Universal Resource Locator refers to the universal address of an Internet web page. A URL consists of
three things. First, it starts with letters such as http, ftp, or gopher that identify the resource type, followed
by a colon and two forward slashes. Next, the computer's name is listed. And finally, the filename and
directory of the remote resource is listed as well.
27. Explain Telnet?
This is the standard Internet protocol to connect to remote terminals.

28.Explain Smtp (simple Mail Transfer Protocol)?

A standard protocol used to transfer e-mail messages.

29. Explain A Router?
A device that forwards traffic between networks.
30. What Is A Protocol?
A protocol is a method of communication between two devices. You can think of it as the language the
devices use to communicate with each other, although it is not the same as a programming language (by
which a human programmer controls a computer). Different brands of printers, for example, each use
their own protocol (or "language") by which a computer can communicate with the printer. This is why a
driver program must be written for each printer.
31.What Is Pop (post Office Protocol)?
A protocol that allows single users to read mail from a server.
32.What Is The Bandwidth?
Bandwidth is the rate at which data that can be transferred through a connection. A standard PC modem
has a very low bandwidth of about 3,000 to 5,000 bytes per second. The very high speed lines that make
up the backbone of the Internet are much faster, at least 1,000,000 bytes per second.
33. What Is Tcp/ip (transmission Control Protocol/internet Protocol)?
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP, is the basic communications protocol
required for computers that use the Internet.
34. What Is Intranet?
An intranet is a local area network(LAN), which may not be connected to the Internet but which has
similar functions.
35. What Is Ip Address (internet Protocol Address)?
Each computer is assigned an IP address. These are similar to phone numbers. When you attempt to
connect to an IP address, you will connect to the computer with that IP address.
36. Explain Html (hypertext Markup Language)?
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. This is the standard method of publishing web documents
onto the World Wide Web (WWW). HTML consists of tags surrounded by brackets.
37. Explain Ftp (file Transfer Protocol)?
FTP's are the most widely used format to uploading and downloading files on an Internet connection.
FTP's are used so computers can share files between each other.
38. What Is E-mail?
E-mail stands for electronic mail. Most networks support some form of email. The most popular, of
course, is Internet email. E-mail allows you to send text (such as a letter) to another person on another
computer. In order to send an email, you have to know the email address of the recipient. Internet email
addresses always start with the user's account name, then the at sign (@), then the name of the computer
where the user gets his or her email. You can never have spaces in email or Web addresses. For example,
my email address is: [email protected]
39. What Is Common Gateway Interface (cgi)?
The CGI is a communications protocol that Web servers use to communicate with other applications.
Common Gateway Interface scripts allow Web servers to access database (among other things); CGI
applications, on the other hand, receive data from servers and return data through the CGI.