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1. The document describes an experiment to determine the moment of inertia of a flywheel using a flywheel apparatus, string, weights, and meter rod. 2. A flywheel stores rotational energy and resists changes in rotational speed due to its moment of inertia. Flywheels are used to provide continuous power output and in applications like wind turbines, electric vehicles, locomotives, and satellites. 3. The procedure measures the time it takes for weights attached to the flywheel to fall, from which the moment of inertia is calculated using the given equation. Observations are recorded and potential sources of error are noted.

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92 views5 pages

Report 16

1. The document describes an experiment to determine the moment of inertia of a flywheel using a flywheel apparatus, string, weights, and meter rod. 2. A flywheel stores rotational energy and resists changes in rotational speed due to its moment of inertia. Flywheels are used to provide continuous power output and in applications like wind turbines, electric vehicles, locomotives, and satellites. 3. The procedure measures the time it takes for weights attached to the flywheel to fall, from which the moment of inertia is calculated using the given equation. Observations are recorded and potential sources of error are noted.

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M Abdullah
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EXPERIMENT NO: 16

To determine mass moment of inertia of flywheel.


1. Objectives:
i. To determine mass moment of inertia of flywheel.
ii. To study working and applications of flywheel.

2. Apparatus:
i. Flywheel apparatus
ii. String
iii. Weights
iv. Meter rod

3. Introduction:
3.1. Flywheel:
A flywheel is a mechanical device specifically designed to efficiently store rotational energy.
Flywheels resist changes in rotational speed by their moment of inertia. The amount of energy
stored in a flywheel is proportional to the square of its rotational speed. The way to change a
flywheel's stored energy is by increasing or decreasing its rotational speed by applying
a torque aligned with its axis of symmetry.
Flywheels are typically made of steel and rotate on conventional bearings; these are generally
limited to a maximum revolution rate of a few thousand RPM.[1] High energy density flywheels
can be made of carbon fiber composites and employ magnetic bearings, enabling them to revolve
at speeds up to 60,000 RPM (1 kHz). [1]

Figure 1: flywheel [2]


3.2. Types of flywheel:
There are two types of flywheel:
i. High speed flywheel
ii. Low speed flywheel

3.2.1. High Speed (RPM) Flywheels:


These Flywheels have an angular velocity ranging between 30 to 60 krpm with potential
limit adjustable up to 100 krpm. These are comparatively lighter so as to satisfy the needs of
high power and it stores the energy by high spinning velocity. High Speed Flywheels come
with complete magnetic levitation and lower periodic maintenance. Other attributes
include light weight, small foot prints, easy commissioning and easy startups as well as
shutdown. [3]

Figure 2: high velocity flywheel [4]

3.2.2. Low Speed (RPM) flywheels:


These flywheels have an angular velocity of 10krpm and high-power energy requirement of
heavy and bulky steel flywheels. It needs maintenance from time to time and the mechanical
bearings also have to be replaced regularly. These types of flywheels require specially
constructed and specified concrete slab installations and are prone to more parasite energy
losses. [5]
3.3. Applications of flywheel:
i. Flywheels are often used to provide continuous power output in systems where the energy
source is not continuous

ii. They are used in wind turbines


iii. They are used along with motor driven generator to store energy
iv. They are used in automobile engines
v. They are used in electric cars to boost speed (in experimental stage)
vi. They are used in advanced locomotive propulsion systems
vii. They are used in advanced technology transit buses
viii. They are used in satellites to control direction
ix. They are used In Big electricity grids for protection against interruptions

3.4. Moment of inertia:


It a measure of the resistance of a body to angular acceleration about a given axis
that is equal to the sum of the products of each element of mass in the body and the
square of the element's distance from the axis.

4. procedure:
i. The length of the cord is carefully adjusted, so that when the weight-hanger just touches
the ground, the loop slips off the peg.
ii. A suitable weight is placed in the weight hanger
iii. A chalk mark is made on the rim so that it is against the pointer when the weight hanger
just touches the ground.
iv. The other end of the cord is loosely looped around the peg keeping the weight hanger
just touching the ground.
v. The flywheel is given a suitable number (n) of rotation so that the cord is wound round
the axle without overlapping.
vi. The height (h) of the weight hanger from the ground is measured.
vii. The flywheel is released.
viii. The weight hanger descends and the flywheel rotates.
ix. The cord slips off from the peg when the weight hanger just touches the ground. By this
time the flywheel would have made n rotations.
x. A stop clock is started just when the weight hanger touches the ground.
xi. The time taken by the flywheel to come to a stop is determined as t seconds.
xii. The number of rotations (N) made by the flywheel during this interval is counted.
xiii. The experiment is repeated by changing the value of n and m.
xiv. From these values the moment of inertia of the flywheel is calculated using equation
𝑷𝟐 𝒓 𝟐 𝒕
𝑰=
𝟐𝒉

5. Observations and calculations:

Sr No. Load (P) Height (h) Time for weights to fall Moment of
(lbs.) (inch) (s) Inertia
t1 t2 t3 tavg P2 r2t
I=
2h
(lb.ins2)
1. 0.612 20.7 16.85 17.78 19.58 18.07 0.958
2. 1.112 20.7 5.57 5.47 6.93 5.99 0.191
3. 1.612 20.7 3.65 2.93 3.06 3.21 0.079

6. Comments:
The difference in the values of moment of inertia of Flywheel may be due to following
reasons:
i. Human error
ii. Error in stop watch
iii. Zero error of Vernier Caliper
iv. Parallax error
v. Error in measuring the time of Fall
vi. Friction etc.

7. References:
[1] Lynn White, Jr., "Theophilus Redivivus", Technology and Culture, Vol. 5, No. 2. (Spring,
1964), Review, pp. 224–233 (233)
[2] http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/Q&A/KS3/energy/Transitions/pic11.png
[3] "Flywheel Energy Calculator". Botlanta.org. 2004-01-07. Archived from the original on 2011-
07-25. Retrieved 2010-11-30.
[4]
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jean_Michel_Vinassa/publication/3478350/figure/fig3/
AS:394705687859208@1471116577849/Basic-layout-of-a-modern-integrated-high-speed-
flywheel.png
[5] Flywheel Rotor and Containment Technology Development, FY83. Livermore, Calif:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1983. pp. 1–2

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