CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1
1.1. INTRODUCTION

Entrepreneurship development today has assumed great significance as it is a key to economic

development. The objective of industrial development, regional growth and employment
generation depend upon entrepreneurial development. Entrepreneurs are the seed of industrial
development and its fruits are greater employment opportunities, increase in per capita income,
higher standard of living and balanced regional development. Entrepreneurs have altered the
direction of national economies, industries and markets. They have invented new products and
developed organizations and the means of production to bring them to market. They have
introduced quantum leaps in technology and more productive uses of the existing resources.
They have forced the reallocation of resources away from existing users to new and more
productive uses. Many innovations have transformed the society and altered the pattern of living
and many services have been introduced to alter or create new service industries.

Entrepreneurship to be considered as a potential career or job option. Entrepreneurship is

currently fashionable in many developed countries. It is a golden age of entrepreurship.present
day entrepreneurs have the skills and funding that entrepreneurs of the past decades only dreamt
about. Just as important, becoming an entrepreneur has become an acceptable alternative to
working for a corporation.entrepreners are the new heroes and role models. Magazines are
developed for their exploits, books are written for their benefit, and society applauds their
initiative and independence.

The role that entrepreneurship plays in the socio-economic development of a country is well
acknowledged. As a result, a large number of programmes to support entrepreneurship to fulfill
its economic and societal roles designed by the governments and international organizations.
However, due to the perception that the concepts of entrepreneurship and youth entrepreneurship
are interchangeable, youth entrepreneurship remain somewhat unaddressed in many countries
while considerable attention has been made upon entrepreneurship in general. The problems of
entrepreneurship have been addressed in the same way for different groups within the population
by the use of 'one size fits all' policies and programmes. Recently, interest in youth
2
entrepreneurship has been fulfilled due to high levels of unemployment amongst young people
and as a way to foster employment opportunities or to address social exclusion. Furthermore,
entrepreneurship is seen as a channel for the talents of many highly educated young people in
areas such as information technology, biotechnology and other modern industries.

1.2. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study aims to find out the attitude of students towards entrepreneurship. Students can
identify business opportunities and convert them into profitable business ventures. Thus if these
students venture into business they can create businesses which can grow and create wealth
many times than entrepreneurs with other backgrounds.

1.3. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study has been carried out to find out the students attitude towards entrepreneurship and
entrepreneurial careers. The study deals with only graduates and postgraduates in Farook
College.

1.4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study was conducted to know the students attitude towards entrepreneurship. The study
aimed at their thoughts and their social and family background. It was also aimed at whether they
are satisfied with the current entrepreneurial development and motivating factors in starting their
own business after graduation than only looking a job opportunity which later on helps in
minimizing the unemployed rate.

1.5. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

 To find out the factors that attracts students towards entrepreneurial career.
 To suggest measures to promote entrepreneurship among college students.
 To study the role of entrepreneurship development agencies in promoting
entrepreneurship among students.
1.6. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.6.1. SOURCES OF DATA

3
Primary Data: The researcher used structured questionnaire in order to collect data from the
public.

Secondary Data: The secondary data was collected from reference books, magazines, various
online databases and web sites.

1.6.2. SAMPLE DESIGN

Sample design is the framework that serves as the basis for the selection of a survey sample.
Convenient sampling was used for data collection. A sample size of 60 students was selected for
conducting this study.

1.6.3. COLLECTION OF DATA

The researcher used the questionnaire method as the tool for data collection. This particular tool
was used because it is helpful to get the opinion of the respondent directly.

1.6.4. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

 The promotion and policy drive by the university may affect entrepreneurial attitudes of
students towards this career.
 The unavailability of successful student entrepreneurs and graduate role models may
impact adversely on the phenomenon.
 The survey in limited to farook college students.

4
 CHAPTER-2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

5
2.1. Review of Literature

Ethen Duygules in his study of 170 MBA students tried to investigate whether entrepreneurs
and non entrepreneurs have systematically different psychological characteristics, especially in
terms of proactive behaviour or personality. He used the entrepreneurship model proposed by
Kostova (1997). The model suggests that among other things, those certain entrepreneurial
activities and these characteristics make them different from nonentrepreneurs. It was found that
67.9 percent of the students were found to be entrepreneurially inclined. The income of the
family and profession of the family members was found to be a significant factor that influences
the entrepreneurial orientation of students. a strong relationship between proactive behaviour and
entrepreneurship orientation was found in the study.

Dooglas, E., (1999), in his study investigated the relationship between the intention to start one’s
own business and individuals attitude towards income, independence, risk and work effort.
Results of his study suggest that individuals having more positive attitude towards independence
and risk are characterised by higher willingness to become an entrepreneur.

Erich, J (2003), in his study examined key factors influencing student’s intent to create a new
venture. He investigated the affect of individual’s attitude in general and towards self-
employment on their choice of entrepreneurial career. The sample for his study consisted of
1326 students from of universities in Austria. The attitude towards entrepreneurship was the
most relevant predictor of entrepreneurial intent among students. Similarly the attitude towards
autonomy had a strong and highly significant impact on student’s interest to becoming an
entrepreneur. Attitude towards money have a strong positive impact on entrepreneurial intent.
The university actions to foster the aspiration to start a business lead to the stronger willingness
to become an entrepreneur.

6
Evan, d (2005), investigated the role of entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial self-
efficacy on an individual’s intention to engage in entrepreneurial behaviour. Their sample
consisted of 414 students surveyed at the beginning of their first entrepreneurship class in MBA
programs in Australia (46), China (39), India (204) and Thailand (125) between 2003 and 2004.
They measured the entrepreneurial intentions of the students using a 7 point scale ranging from
very unlikely (1) to very likely (7) over eight items measuring intentions to engage in a range of
entrepreneurial behaviour. Their result found that individuals who prefer more income, more
independence and more ownership have high entrepreneurial intentions. The study found no
relationship between risk propensity and entrepreneurial intention significant positive
relationships were also found between entrepreneurial self efficacy and entrepreneurial intention.

Maragaret, E (2008), in her study of 800 final year management students of 8 universities in
Nigeria investigated their aspiration to start their own business. It was found that only 12.4% of
the would be graduates aspire to start their own business. The reasons for not standing their
business were found to be no take off funds, inadequate preparation to face demands of business
and poor attitude of Nigerians towards Nigerian goods.

Othman and Ishak (2009) investigated the influence of attitude on choosing a career in
entrepreneurship among graduates in Malaysia. The sample consisted of 266 participants of the
graduate entrepreneurial scheme. The findings showed that graduates had a high inclination
towards entrepreneurship which in turn was related to high aspiration level. Graduates were also
found to have a high attitude profile towards entrepreneurship in all the attitudinal components
achievement need, internal locus of control, competitiveness, autonomy and monetary value,
based on demographic, educational and situational factors. It was found that internal locus of
control; monetary value and autonomy were significant factors that unspire graduate towards
entrepreneurship.

Jones, p, miller, c (2008) in their study evaluated the delivery an enterprise education course in
valuating its impact in encouraging entrepreneurial activity. The sample for the study consisted
of 109 students in Poland. The study found that polish students had limited prior entrepreneurial
experience and expectation and welcomed the opportunity to undertake enterprise education. The
findings suggested that an equal proportion of male and female students aged 18-24 favored a

7
future entrepreneurial career. The findings suggested that entrepreneurial education informs
entrepreneurial intent and career aspirations.

Harris, M,crbson, (2008) in their study examined the entrepreneurial attitudes of undergraduate
student's earecled in small business programme at various universities in USA. The sample
consisted of 216 students. The results indicated that the majority of the students possessed
entrepreneurial attitudes further more both student characteristics and entrepreneurial experience
were found to be associated with certain entrepreneurial attitudes specifically male students
scored higher on both personal control and innovation and students with family business
experience had more developed entrepreneurial attitudes.

Henderson & Robertson (2000) in this study of 117 final year undergraduate students of
business studies to investigated what the respondents knew about entrepreneur and examine the
influence on young people as they pursue their career choice. It was found that all the respondent
had it positive immersion about entrepreneurs. The most frequently associated keywords with the
term entrepreneur were "risk taker", motivated, ambitious and successful. In examining who are
what influenced respondents career choices the dominant factors were their own experience
together with family views. Teachers and career guidance counselors were perceived to have
little impact.

Stephan and Melvin (2007) in their study of 145 retired Military officers of the Singapore
Armed forces (SAF) identified the key motivations and barriers to staring an entrepreneurial
venture among mid career individuals. It was found that the respondents were motivated by
various factors for starting their business. The need to challenge oneself was ranked as the most
important voluble. This was followed by the need to realize ones dream and a desire to take
advantage of ones own creative talent. They were also motivated by a set of variable that related
to the issue of independence and autonomy. Another set of motivating variable was financial in
nature. They included the desire to earn more money, keep a large proportion of the proceeds,
receive a salary based on merit and provide for a comfortable retirement.

Rozan, M., (2001) in his study investigated the entrepreneurship dimensions that perceive
desirability towards entrepreneurial intention. The sample consisted of 129 information
technology entrepreneurs from Malassia.

8
Gurrero, et al (2008) in this stably focused on analyzing the relationship between desirability
and feasibility on university student’s intentions to create a new firm in Catalonia. The sample
consisted of 719 university students in university J Barcelona (UAB) and Technical University
of Catalonia (UPC). It was found that 77% of the total sample considered desirable to create a
new firm.

Muhammad Zaman, (2013) studied about the psychological characteristics related to

Entrepreneurship. The main purpose of the study is to develop Entrepreneurial education by
Universities through Entrepreneurial Courses and provide it as major subjects as well. The
results of the t-test showed that entrepreneurially prone students are innovative and highly
motivated. They are ready to take risks.

Fasla N.P (2017) in his study he analyzes the attitude of students towards entrepreneurship, and
to study various types of barriers faced by the students while selecting Entrepreneurship as a
career. It aims to find the government policies for attracting the students for entrepreneurship and
to suggest suitable measures to encourage entrepreneurship among students. The study concludes
that a large part of students are interested in this area. It results that the education system also
affects entrepreneurship in students. Availability of labor and capital, family background,
society, corruption and government policies are also affects in new venture creation. Hence it
results that the students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship is very good. The study also suggests
that the government and concerned authorities takes remedial actions to solve these problems.

S. Arun kumar, et al (2018) aims to study the association between the attitudes and
opportunities of entrepreneurship and to identify the link and behaviour between entrepreneurial
attitude and culture within the Institution. They concluded that the academic institutions should
provide various programs to encourage the students to become entrepreneur. The students
consider it as a career option, and it will provide them a profit.

9
References

1. Ethen, Duygules (2008), Institutional profiles and Entrepreneurship Orientation: A case

of Turkish Graduate (2008) Students, MPRA Paper No. 7247, Izmir, Turkey.
2. Dooglas, E., (1999) Entrepreneurship as a career choice. Attitudes entrepreneurial
intentions and utility maximisations. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson
College, Wellessley, Massa Chusetts.
3. Erich, J, (2003) A structural model of entrepreneurial intent among students: Findings
from Austria, worker, 3rd inter rent online publication.
4. Evan, D, (2005), Individual Intentions towards entrepreneurship Vs Entrepreneurship,
working paper, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia.
5. Margaret, E, (2008), Entrepreneurship among Graduates to be of Business / Management
faculties and economic development in Nigeria.
6. Othman and Ishak, (2009), Attitude towards choosing a career in entrepreneurship
amongst graduates, European Journal of social sciences, vol.10 No.3, pp 419-434.
7. Jones, P, Miller, C. (2008) Students attitude towards enterprise education in Poland: a
positive impact, Education & Training, vol.50 No.7, pg.597.
8. Harris, M, Crbson, S (2008), examining the entrepreneurial attitudes of US Business
students, Education & Training, vol.50 No.7, p.568.
9. Henderson, P, Robertson, M, (2000), who wants to be an entrepreneur? Young Adult
attitudes to entrepreneurship as a career, career development international, vol. 5, No. 6,
Pg. 279.
10. Stephan and Melvin (2007), Entrepreneurial Intention : Triggers and barriers to new
venture creations in Singapore, Singapore Management Review, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 47.
11. Rozan, M, (2001), A study on entrepreneurial intention among information technology
entrepreneurs, unpublished dissertation, university of technology, Malaysia.
12. Gurrero, M., (2008), The impact of desirability and feasibility on entrepreneurial
intentions: A structural equation model, interiation entrepreneurship and Management
Journal, 4, pp - 35-50.
13. Muhammad Zaman, (2013), Aademic Journals, ISSN: 1993-8233, Volume7 (39), pg-
4053-4058.

10
14. Fasla N.P (2017), A study on Entrepreneurship attitude among college students,
International journal of Research Science and management, ISSN: 2349-5197, pg-53-59.
15. S. Arunkumar, J.Joseprabhu, S.Divya,et al (2018), Entrepreneurial Attitude among
Management students, International Journal of pure and Applied Mathematics, p-ISSN
1311-8080,e-ISSN:1314-3395,Volume 119,Issue 7,pg2389-2398.

11
 CHAPTER-3
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

12
A brief history of entrepreneurship

The term “entrepreneur” is a French word derived from the verb “entreprende”, which means to
do or to undertake. It can be divided into two parts, “entre”, meaning “between”, and “preneur”
meaning “taker”. Literally, then, an entre-preneur is a “between-taker”, or “go between”.

The term “entrepreneur” first in the literature in 1253, when it was used in different forms (e.g.
“empreneur”).It appears to have taken on its present , definitive spelling in 1433 (Rey,
1994:700). We know it was used commonly in the 1500s and 1600s. For example, Champlain,
speaking of his first voyage to explore the St. Lawrence River in 1603, wrote that he had been
invited to make the trip “to see the country and what entrepreneurs would do there” (Champlain,
1632, in Giguère II: 702, free translation from the French).

Helene Verin (1982) wrote a doctoral thesis in literature in which she discusses the shades of
meaning of the terms “entrepreneur” and “enterprise” through history. She notes that the ancestor
of the term “enterprise” – “emprise” (from the Latin imprisia) – referred to something bold, firm
and daring (Verin, 1982: 31-33). She also examined variations in meaning over the centuries, and
especially between the 13th and 18th centuries. The current meaning that also refers to an
enterprise leader first appeared in the early 19th century (Rey, 1994: 700).

Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurs are the driving force behind any economy. They create large corporations out of
backyard enterprises. Henry ford, Irving berlins, KingGillitte were people with dream and took
risk to achieve this dream. They took another path. They were inventors and innovators.
Entrepreneurship is a social phenomenon and it is not inherent within a person, rather it exist in
the interaction between people. To be a successful entrepreneur it requires various skill and
effort in understanding the concepts of business. It is the future of modern society. It reflects a
ray of hope for the unemployed to earn a living and maintain a decent life and also for the
development of the economy. Identifying the potential entrepreneur is always a difficult task. A
person who business line family may not inherent the qualities and may not be interested in the

13
same field.
Entrepreneurship is occupational enterprise undertaken at individual level which often involves
financial risk, quick decision, innovative adaption, continuous investment and above all a
temperament for organising things for profit making and development. Its history in India goes
back to a period of industrialization brought by the British.

Entrepreneur:
An Entrepreneur has been defined as “a person who starts, organizes and manages any
enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative with the risk.” Rather than
working as a employee, an entrepreneur runs a small business and assumes all risk and reward of
a given business venture, idea, or good or service offered for sale. The entrepreneur is commonly
seen as a business leader and innovator of new ideas and business processes.

Entrepreneurship:
The capacity and willingness to develop organize and manage a business venture along with any
of its risk in order to make a profit.

Cantillon (1755, in Winslow and Solomon 1987:204) defined entrepreneurship as "self-

employment of any sort." As long as a person is not employed and paid a salary or wage, he is
deemed an entrepreneur. He went as far as to state that "the Beggars and even the Robbers were
Undertakers". In the past, any person taking action towards generating an income was deemed
entrepreneurial, irrespective of whether or not the action was lawful.

Stevenson (1995:50) defined entrepreneurship, from the viewpoint of Harvard University, as "the
pursuit of opportunity without regard to the resources at hand. An opportunity is a desired future
state that differs from the present. To pursue it, you must have a belief that achievement is
possible.

EIGHT PRINCIPAL THEMES IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

14
 The Entrepreneurs implies individual who posses unique capability and personal
Entrepreneurship characteristics

Innovation Entrepreneurship is usually related to innovation

Entrepreneurship describes the behavior involved in the creation of an

Creation of
organization
organization

Entrepreneurship contributes to creation of value

Creation of value

Private, public or
not for profit Entrepreneurship can be applied to these different sectors
sectors

Growth The importance of the growth is a characteristic of entrepreneurship

Unique Character Entrepreneurship is something unique

Owner Entrepreneurship concerns individuals are the managers of their enterprises

or activities

15
TIMMONS MODEL OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL PROCESS

The Timmons Model of Entrepreneurship considers opportunities, teams, and resources as the
three critical factors available to an entrepreneur that holds the success of the organization and
also depends on the ability of the entrepreneur to balance these critical factors.

The Timmons model bases itself on the entrepreneur. The entrepreneur searches for an
opportunity, and on finding it, shapes the opportunity into a high-potential venture by drawing up
a team and gathering the required resources to start a business that capitalizes on the opportunity.
In the process of starting the business, the entrepreneur risks his or her career, personal cash flow
and net worth. The model bases itself on the premise that the entrepreneur earns rewards in
commensuration with the risk and effort involved in starting or financing the business.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG YOUTH ACCORDING TO YBI

Youth Business International is a global network of independent non-profit initiatives helping

young people to start and grow their own business and create employment. YBI members assist

16
underserved young entrepreneurs with a combination of training, access to capital and
mentoring. They adapt this common approach to their local context, working in partnership with
governments, businesses and multilateral and civil society organizations
the next generation of entrepreneurs will be vital to future prosperity and security, yet young
people continue to face more barriers to entrepreneurship than older people. There is also a lack
of evidence to understand fully what it takes to meet the needs of young entrepreneurs and help
turn them into the business leaders of tomorrow.

It provides unique insights into the views of more than 1,000 young entrepreneurs from 21
countries about the challenges of start-up, and the positive difference that mentoring and training
can make. This report evaluates the value of non-financial support in improving both the
business performance and the human capital of young entrepreneurs.
This potential will only be realised if young people have an opportunity to play their part. Yet
youth unemployment and underemployment recently hit record highs, and, according to evidence
from the United States in particular, recoveries from economic crises are progressively more
‘jobless’2. Moreover, recent ILO research confirms that young people are more vulnerable to
economic shocks, typically “first out” and “last in” during times of economic recession.

Entrepreneurship provides an important route for making a significant positive contribution to

growth, innovation and employment.

As a result of receiving non financial support:

 Businesses are more successful: 55% of young entrepreneurs agree that their business is
more successful as a result of the non-financial support they received.

 Operational challenges are overcome: two thirds of young entrepreneurs can think of a
significant operational challenge in their business that they were able to solve as a result of
their non-financial support that reduced costs and increased profit/turnover in their business.

 Loan repayment rates improve: 54% of young entrepreneurs would have struggled to
repay their loan over the same time period without non-financial support.

17
 Access to finance increases: the likelihood of approval for a commercial loan more than
doubles when young entrepreneurs have established a track record and benefited from
receiving a range of non-financial services.

 Young entrepreneurs feel more confident: 84% of young entrepreneurs feel more
confident running their business as a result of the non-financial support they received.

Yet young entrepreneurs remain constrained by lack of access to finance to start and grow a
business. Although commercial loan approval rates increase for young entrepreneurs after they
have established a track record and benefited from non-financial support, access to finance
remains their main barrier to further expansion.

 More than half of young entrepreneurs think that lack of access to finance is the greatest
constraint to the growth of their business.
 A fifth of young entrepreneurs do not feel capable of applying for a commercial bank loan
after their business is up and running.
 70% of young entrepreneurs find that improved financial literacy is the main business
benefit of non financial support.

Financing for young entrepreneurs

The youth must be encouraged to start their own businesses and be taught that taking mistakes is
one way of learning. Therefore, a financial system which allows trial and error should be
developed for them in starting their own business. One way to start such a process and where the
emphasis is on relatively higher order ideas, is to develop such a system for tertiary level
students similar to the students placement for entrepreneurs in education programme within
tertiary education institutions in the UK. Student’s receiver averages of 4500 pounds which must
be spent in developing their business. Similarly Indian govt. should give more importance in
funding young entrepreneurs in establishing small and medium scale business.

INSPIRING YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA

1. SACHIN BANSAL&BINNY BANSAL (FLIPKART): They launch an e-commerce

website retailing books in October 2007. Today, the near-20% stake they hold, along with the

18
 top management and company is valued at around US$16Bn. (source: CB insights) initially,
they had spent ₹ 400,000 only for making website to set up the business.
2. VIJAY SHEKHAR SHARMA (PAYTM): Vijay Shekhar Sharma is an Indian entrepreneur
and founder of Pay tm. Sharma was born in Aligarh, UP in a modest family. Pay tm’s current
value is a little over $3 billion in the market in 2016, a dream dreamt when he was struggling
to make ends meet with Rs 10 in pocket. But he tasted victory the hard way. Nothing came
easy for him. He has also given 4% of his equity to the team, which in current value terms is
about $120 million.
3. KUNAL BEHL & ROHIT BANSAL (SNAPDEAL): Kunalbehl and RohitbansalIn 2010,
when KunalBahl and RohitBansal wanted to start their own business, they chose an offline
couponing business and named it Money Saver. Sneapdeal went online in 2010. Currently,
more than 200,000 sellers sell around 15 million+ products on Snapdeal.
4. BHAVISH AGGARWAL (OLA CABS): bhavishBhavish done B. Tech in Computer
Science from IIT, Bombay. Worked in Microsoft Research, Bangalore for 2 years, right after
college. While trying to chase his dream of entrepreneurship, he started an online holiday and
tour planning service on the side, before changing that into OlaCabs on 3 December 2010 by
BhavishAggarwal (currently CEO) and AnkitBhati founded the company. Ola was valued at
$5 billion as of September 2015.
5. RITESH AGARWAL (OYO ROOMS): Ritesh is the founder and CEO at OYO Rooms.
He was selected for the 20 under 20 Thiel Fellowship which makes him one of the very few
Indians to have been shortlisted. He started working early in his life at the age of 13 and by
18 he was building OYO Rooms. Recently, he was named by Forbes in its “30 under 30” list
in the consumer tech sector.
6. RADHIKA AGGARWAL (SHOP CLUES): RadhikaAggarwal is CEO at ShopClues is an
online marketplace, headquartered in Gurgaon, India. The company which entered the
unicorn club earlier this year currently covers 29,000 plus pin codes across the country and
plans to add 5,000 more pin codes this year. ShopClues is now valued at more than $1.1
billion.

ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA

Indian entrepreneurs can be categorized in to three;

19
  A first category of entrepreneurs are focused towards developing world class products
which can compete in international market.
 A second category of Indian Entrepreneurs are working on products that are customized
in design, pricing and quality to the needs of the Indian people, or the developing
countries at large. For instance, development of cost effective gadgets like cell phones
tablets and even laptops which are tuned to the basic needs of the people.
 A third and more distinct category is the rise of the hundreds of social entrepreneurs. The
liberal democratic system in India allows and promotes citizen to come together as a
group to solve some of the big challenges facing the nation. For instance, several
corporations build kerosene stoves which are 30% more fuel efficient. They have also
leveraged their technical expertise to create a product assembly process which can be
exhausted by the less educated people in remote areas.

ENTREPRENEURS IN KERALA

Kerala is a small state with 100% literacy rate and high human development index. Kerala is also
highly urban. So a company can be set up anywhere. But unfortunately companies are not
coming to Kerala. Professionals and the educated are going outside Kerala. There is a massive
brain drain. The govt. of Kerala has taken a bold step in encouraging youngsters to start ventures
and think about entrepreneurship. They have set up “ED CLUBS” in schools and colleges across
Kerala to spread the motto and familiarize the youngsters about entrepreneurship.

Besides Ed- club the government also promotes entrepreneurship in many ways such as
promoting tourism and ayurveda sectors. Women’s are also encouraged to start up small business
in their own house.

In lieu of retaining the younger talent in the state, Kerala has a unique student entrepreneurship
policy. If a student has an idea and wants to begin a start up in his college years, he or she can
take a break from their course and being work on their start up. “They can always re-join the
course from where they left off.” Adds Vipin.

20
 CHAPTER-4
DATA ANALYSIS
AND INTERPRETATION

21
TABLE 4.1

Classification on the basis educational background of the students

Educational Frequency Percenta

background ge

Degree 56 93

PG 4 7

Others 0 0

Total 60 100

CHART4.1

60 56

50

40

30
Degree
20
PG
10 4
93% 7%
0
Frequency Percent

INTERPRETATION

Out of 60 respondents 56 were degree students and 4 were pg. It is found that majority are
degree students.

22
TABLE 4.2

Classification on the basis of educational stream

Stream Frequency Percentage

Commerce/Economics 41 68

Science 6 10

Arts 13 22

Total 60 100

CHART 4.2

Educational stream

22%

Commerce/ economics
Science
10%
Arts
68%

INTERPRETATION

The 68 % of respondents were commerce/ economics. 10% of them where science and 22%
where in arts. It is found that majority of the students are commerce/ economics.

23
TABLE 4.3

Classification on the basis of student’s entrepreneurial background

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 38

No 37 62

Total 60 100

CHART 4.3

40 37
35
30
25 23
20 Yes
15 No
10
5 62%
38%
0
Frequency Percent

INTERPRETATION

Out of 60 respondents only 23 have entrepreneurial background and 37 students they have no
entrepreneurial background. It is found that majority students they have no entrepreneurial
background.

24
TABLE 4.4

On the basis of family business

Family Frequency Percentage

business

Yes 31 52

No 29 48

Total 60 100

CHART 4.4

Family business

48% yes
52% No

INTERPRETATION

52% students have family business and 48% they have no family business. It’s found that
majority have family business.

25
TABLE 4.5

Showing entrepreneurship can be considered as a career option

Frequency Percentage

Yes 59 98

No 1 2

Total 60 100

CHART 4.5

70
59
60

50

40

30 Yes
No
20

10
1 98% 2%
0
Frequency percentage

INTERPRETATION

Out of 60 respondents 59 students says that entrepreneurship can be considered as a career

option, only one student says that it is not a career option.

26
TABLE 4.6

Showing the motivational factors for the youth to start a new venture

Frequency Percentage

Social status 11 18

Self- achievement 29 48
desire

Liberal policies of 1 2
Govt.

Earn more money 19 32

Total 60 100

CHART 4.6

35
29
30

25
19 Social status
20
Self- achievement desire
15 Liberal policies
11
10 Earn more money

5
1 18% 48% 2% 32%
0
Frequency Percentage

INTERPRETATION

It shows that 18% students are selected as social status, 48% students are selected self-
achievement desire. 2% of them selected liberal policies and 32% are selected to earn more
money. It’s found that majority are selected self- achievement desire.

27
TABLE 4.7

Showing entrepreneurship is a risky business

Option Frequency Percentage

Yes 48 80

No 12 20

Total 60 100

CHART 4.7

48
50

40

30 Yes
20 12 No

10 80% 20%
0
Frequency Percentage

INTERPRETATION

The chart shows that 80% respondents are selected as yes and 20% are not selected.

28
 TABLE 4.8

Experience the opinion on the following factors while starting a new venture

ility of
availabi

Infrastr
Availab
Labour

resourc
miccon
Option

Govt.p

ucture
Econo

dition

olicy

lity
%

%
e
Excl 31 51. 18 30 15 25 29 48.3 21 35
usive 6 3
ly
influ
ential

Very 19 31. 32 53. 34 56. 19 31.6 26 43.

influ 6 33 66 6 33
ential

Som 7 11. 6 10 8 13. 9 15 8 13.

ewha 6 33 33
t
influ
ential

Sligh 1 1.6 2 3.3 3 5 3 5 2 3.3

tly 3 3
influ
ential

Not 2 3.3 2 3.3 0 0 0 0 3 5

at all 3
influ
ential

Total 60 100 60 100 60 100 60 100 60 100

29
CHART 4.8

40
34
35 32
31
29
30
26
25 Economic condition
21
18 19 19 Govt. policy
20
15 Labour availability
15
9 Availability of resource
10 768 8
Infrastructure
5 332 3
12 22
00
0
Exclusively Very Somewhat Slightly Not at all
influential influential influential influential influential

INTERPRETATION

It shows that the entrepreneurs are more experienced on labour availability, then govt.policy,
then economic condition, then availability of resource and infrastructure.

30
TABLE 4.9

Showing the essential factor for successful entrepreneur

Experien

Educatio

Commu
nication
Capital

skill
ce

n
Strongly agree 31 28 21 44

Agree 11 26 25 12

Neutral 13 4 10 4

Disagree 3 1 2 0

Strongly disagree 2 1 2 0

Total 60 60 60 60

CHART 4.9

44
50
40 31 28 21 2625
30 12
10 4 Experience
20 11 13
4 20 20 Capital
10 1
3 1 Education Education
0 2
Experience Communication skill

INTERPRETATION

It is found that the communication skill is more essential for successful entrepreneur, then
experience, then capital and education.

31
TABLE 4.10

Showing the knowledge required to start a business

Frequency Percentage

Strongly agree 5 8.33

Agree 22 36.6

Neutral 22 36.6

Disagree 4 6.6

Strongly disagree 7 11.6

Total 60 100

CHART 4.10

knowledge
11.66% 8.33%
6.66% Strongly agree
Agree
36.66%
36.66% Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree

INTERPRETATION

The classification of respondents based on knowledge required to start business, 36.66% agree
again and 36.66% are neutral, 11.66% strongly disagree and 8.33% are strongly agree and also
6.66% disagree with knowledge required to start business.

32
TABLE 4.11

Showing infrastructures are support the business

Frequency Percentage

Strongly 5 8.33
agree

Agree 21 35

Neutral 20 33.33

Disagree 10 16.66

Strongly 4 6.66
disagree

Total 60 100

CHART 4.11

Infrastructure
6.66% 8.33%
16.66% Strongly agree
Agree
35%
33.33% Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree

INTERPRETATION

The classification of respondents on the basis of infrastructure to support business, 35% agree,
33.33% are neutral, 16.66% disagree, 8.33% strongly agree and 6.66% are strongly disagree with
infrastructure facilities.

33
TABLE 4.12

Showing the entrepreneurship development and project management paper to support the
students to start a business

Frequency Percentage

Strongly agree 18 30

Agree 26 43.33

Neutral 10 16.66

Disagree 3 5

Strongly disagree 3 5

Total 60 100

CHART 4.12

Entrepreneurship development and

project mgt paper
5% 5% Strongly agree
16.66%
30% Agree
Neutral
43.33%
Disagree
Strongly disagree

INTERPRETATION
Its show that the classification of respondents on the basis of entrepreneurship development and
project management paper to support the students. 43% agree with it, 30% strongly agree, 17%
are neutral,5% disagree with it and 5% are strongly disagree with entrepreneurship development
and project mgt. paper.

34
TABLE 4.13

Showing the respondents awareness level of entrepreneurship development agencies

Frequency Percentage

Yes 33 55

No 27 45

Total 60 100

CHART 4.13

35 33

30 27
25

20
Yes
15 No
10

5
55% 45%
0
Frequency Percentage

INTERPRETATION

The chart shows that 55% of respondents aware the entrepreneurship development agencies and
45% are unaware about entrepreneurship development agencies.

35
TABLE 4.14

Showing the respondents are attended any entrepreneurship development programme

Frequency Percentage

Yes 30 50

No 30 50

Total 60 100

CHART 4.14

35
30 30
30

25

20
Yes
15 No
10

5
50% 50%
0
Frequency Percentage

INTERPRETATION

It shows that 50% of respondents are attended entrepreneurship development programme and
50% are not attended entrepreneurship development programme.

36
 CHAPTER-5

FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND

CONCLUSION

37
FINDINGS:

 62% of respondents they have no entrepreneurial background.

 52% students have family business; family support is one of the major factors in promoting
entrepreneurship among youth.
 Majority of the students (98%) agreed that entrepreneurship can be considered as a career
option in today’s globalised world.
 48% of the respondents choose self-achievement desire as the motivation to start a business.
 It was found that majority of students (80%) were of the opinion that entrepreneurship is a
risky business.
 It was found that 56.66% of the students are more experienced on labour availability while
starting a new venture or business.
 Majority of the students (44) says that communication skill is more essential for successful
entrepreneur to start a new venture.
 36.66% of respondents agreed that knowledge is required to start a business.
 35% of respondents agreed that infrastructure to support the business.
 43% of respondents agreed that entrepreneurship development and project management
paper are strongly support the students to start the business.
 55% of respondents aware about the entrepreneurship development agencies.
 50% of respondents are attended entrepreneurship development programme.

38
SUGGESTIONS:

 Govt. should create and environmental condition that supports entrepreneurial activities
among the youngsters and adults.
 The educational institutions can promote and encourage entrepreneurship among students by
involving them in various business related activities.
 To promote the scope, awareness and the educational institutions can introduce
entrepreneurship as a subject in the curriculum.
 Raising of capital should be made easier between financial institutions and entrepreneurs.
 The entrepreneurs should have proper education and have a proper training that helps to
improve their communication skill, managerial skill, technical skill and financial skill etc.
 The academic institutions can encourage students to read autobiographies and biographies of
successful entrepreneurs.

39
CONCLUSION:
The study was mainly conducted to identify the attitude of students towards entrepreneurship.
The result shows that only few of them have entrepreneurial background, majority students do
not want to start entrepreneurial activity right after graduation. Therefore the study suggests that
there is major role of govt. and educational institutions to promote entrepreneurial behaviour,
providing them with clear knowledge on entrepreneurship and building their potential
capabilities. The most important factor is to provide practical knowledge about the process of
starting a new venture or business. There is a change in the attitude of graduate students
regarding entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial careers, many of the students feel that
entrepreneurship can be considered as a career option in today’s globalised environment and may
feel that entrepreneurship is a rewarding career.

40
BIBLIOGRAPHY

41
REFERENCE BOOKS

1. “Entrepreneurial Development and Small Business Management” by Dr PT Vijayashree

& Alagammai.
2. “Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development and Management” by V Desai.
3. “Entrepreneurial Development” by Dr C B Gupta and Dr N P Srinivasan.

WEBSITES
1. www.shodhgangainflibnet.nic.in
2. www.scibd.com
3. www.googlescholors.com
4. www.rsisinternational.org
5. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org
6. www.iosjournals.org
7. https://www.academia.edu

42
APPENDIX

43
 QUESTIONNAIRE

A STUDY ON STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH

SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FAROOK COLLEGE

Dear student please fill in the questionnaire as per the instruction below;
1. What is your educational background?
 Degree  PG  Others
2. What is your educational stream?
 Commerce/Economics  Science  Arts

3. Do you have an entrepreneurial back ground?

 Yes  No

4. Are any of your close family members, or have they been, an entrepreneur or business
owners (parents, siblings, grandparent’s, cousin’s etc.)
 Yes  No
If yes, what kind of business? ____________________
5. Entrepreneurship can be considered as a career option in today’s globalised world?
 Yes  No
6. What might be the motivation for the youth to start a new business venture?
 Social status  Self-achievement Desire  Liberal policies of govt.  Earn
more money
7. Venturing in to entrepreneurship is a risky business?
 Yes  No

8. Experience your opinion on the following factors while starting a new venture or a start
up?

44
 Exclusiv Very Somewh Slightly Not at all
ely influential atinfluen influentia influenti
influenti tial l al
al

Economic condition

Govt. policy

Labour availability

Availability of resource

Infrastructure

9. Which factor is essential for successful entrepreneur?

Strongly

Strongly
disagree
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Agree

Experience

Capital

Education

Communication
skill

45
 Disagree
Strongly

Strongly
disagree
Neutral
Agree
agree
10.The institute helps the students with the
knowledge required to start a business

11.There is a well functioning infrastructure in

place in the institute to support business
12.The entrepreneurship development and
project management paper in the syllabus
provide students with the necessary knowledge
required to start a business

13. Are you aware of any entrepreneurship development agency?

 Yes  No
If yes, please mention? ___________________________________
14. Have you attended any entrepreneurship development programme?
 Yes  No

46