Name: ___________________________________________ Date: ________________________

Grade and Section: _________________________________

THIRD QUARTER : MODULE 6 – PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

I. TITLE: PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

II. CONTENT STANDARD: The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of combinatorics and
probability.

III. PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner is able to use precise counting technique and probability in
formulating conclusions and making decisions.

IV. LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

The learner:

1) illustrates the permutation of objects.

2) derives the formula for finding the number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time.

3) solve problems involving permutations.

4) illustrates the combination of objects.

V. PRE-TEST

Directions: Find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Choose the letter that you
think best answers the question. Please answer all the items. Take note of the items that you were not able to
answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this module.

1. Which of the following situations or activities involve permutation?

A. matching shirts and pants
B. forming different triangles out of 5 points on a plane, no three of which are collinear
C. assigning telephone numbers to subscribers
D. forming a committee from the members of a club
2. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of the word HONOR.
A. 12 B. 36 C. 60 D. 144
3. In how many ways can 6 horses finish a race if there are no ties?
A. 140 B. 220 C. 360 D. 720
4. Evaluate 5!.
A. 1 680 B. 840 C. 420 D. 120
5. In how many ways can six children join hands to form a circle?
A. 86 B. 72 C. 120 D. 144
6. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of the word PASS.
A. 4 B. 12 C. 36 D. 144
7. Using nCr, represent the problem “Given five different toppings from which to choose, how many different
four-topping pizzas are possible?”.
A. 4C5 B. 5C4 C. 4C4 D. 5C5
8. In a race in which six automobiles are entered and there are not ties, in how many ways can the first four
finishers come in?
A. 56 B. 330 C. 1400 D. 6720
9. Which of the following situations does NOT illustrate combination?
A. Selecting 2 songs from 10 choices for an audition piece
B. Fixing the schedule of a group of students who must take exactly 8 subjects
C. Enumerating the subsets of a set
D. Identifying the lines formed by connecting some given points on a plane
10. In how many ways can 3 keys be arranged in a key ring?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

1
Lesson 1

A). OBJECTIVE: The learner illustrates the permutation of objects.

B) ACTIVITY
DECODING PASSWORD
Mr. Tan uses the three letters of his surname T, A, and N in different order to assign computer log-in
password to his 7 students. Each letter appears only once in a password.
1. Complete the table by forming the three-letter passwords.
Student Password
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

2. Are there enough passwords for his 7 students? ____________________

3. How many different passwords can Mr. Tan create? _____________________
4. If there will be 4 letters to be used as a password, how many passwords can be created if each letter
appears only once? __________________

An arrangement of objects or events similar to the activity is called PERMUTATION. Permutation is an

arrangement of things in a definite order or the ordered arrangement of distinguishable objects without allowing
repetitions among the objects.

In general, if n is a positive integer, then n factorial denoted by n! is the product of all integers less
than or equal to n.

As a special case, we define 0! = 1.

Example 1: 3! = 3 • 2 • 1. Therefore 3! = 6.
Example 2. 6! = 6 • 5 • 4 • 3 • 2• 1. Therefore 6! = 720.
9!
Example 3: 7!
9! 9∙8∙7∙6∙5∙4∙3∙2∙1
Solution: = (Any number divided by itself is equal to 1)
7! 7∙6∙5∙4∙3∙2∙1
= 72

C. APPLICATION
a) Solve the following problems. (1 point each)
1. In how many ways can 5 painting be line up on a wall?
Solution: 5! = 5•4•3•2•1
Therefore, there will be ___________ ways to arrange the 5 paintings on a wall.
2. In how many ways can 8 figurines be arrange on a shelf? ____________________________
Solution: 8! = 8•7•6•5•4•3•2•1
Therefore, there will be ___________ ways to arrange the 8 figurines on a shelf.
b) Evaluate the following:
11!
3. 10! 4. 4!
11! 11•10•9•8•7•6•5•4•3•2•1
Solution: 10! = (10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1) Solution: 4!
= 4•3•2
11!
10! = _______________ 4!
= _______________

D. ASSESSMENT
Solve the following problems. (2 points each)
Solve the following problems.
1. In how many ways can 12 girls form a line? ______________________________
2. In how many ways can 6 horses finish a race if there are no ties? ____________________________
Evaluate the following:
11! 12!
3. 2! 4. 4! 5. 6!

E. ASSIGNMENT
Solve the problem. (5 points)
2
 There are eight teams in a league. If each team is to play every other team exactly once, how many
games must be scheduled?
Rubrics for Checking:
5 points – complete solution and correct answer.
4 points –incomplete solution with correct answer.
3 points-complete solution but with incorrect answer.
2 points-incomplete solution and incorrect final answer.

Lesson 2 and 3

A). OBJECTIVES: 1.The learner derives the formula for finding the number of permutations of n objects taken
r at a time.

2. Solve problems involving:

a) linear permutation

b) circular permutation

c) permutation with repetitions

LINEAR PERMUTATION

B) ACTIVITY
RUN FOR A CAUSE
The “Save The Laguna Lake Project” organizes a Run For A Cause in which 4 Palarong Pambansa
athletes will participate.

1) In how many ways can the race be finished if there are no ties? List all the possible ways, two example are
given.
Examples: Athlete #1, Athlete #2, Athlete #3, Athlete #4
Athlete #1, Athlete #2, Athlete #4, Athlete #3

2) In how many ways can the first two positions come in if there are no ties? List all the possible ways, three
examples are given.
Examples: Athlete #1, Athlete #2
Athlete #1, Athlete #3
Athlete #1, Athlete #4
3) Do you have the same number of ways in #1 and #2? _________________

From the given in #1, it is 4P4, or read as “the number of permutations of 4 things taken 4 at a time”.
This means that the number of permutation of 4 things when all the 4 things are used. While in #2, it is 4P2, or
read as “the number of permutations of 4 things taken 2 at a time”. This means that only 2 out of the 4things
are used.

The number of permutations of n things taken n at a time is given by

nPn = n(n-1)(n-2)…(3)(2)(1) or n!

Examples:
1. 4P4 = (4)(3)(2)(1) 2. 8P8 = (8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1) 3. 3P3 = (3)(2)(1)
= 24 = 40,320 =6

The number of permutations of n things taken r at a time is given by

𝑛!
nPr = , where n is the given number of thing and r is the number of things taken at a time and that r < n.
(𝑛−𝑟)!
3
Examples:
8! 7! 6!
1. 8P4 = (8−4)! 2. 7P2 = (7−2)! 3. 6P3 = (6−3)!
8! 7! 6!
= = =
4! 5! 3!

(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1) (7)(6)(5!) (6)(5)(4)(3!)

= (4)(3)(2)(1)
= 5!
= 3!
= 1,680 = 42 = 120

C. APPLICATION
Solve the following problems.
1. Ten runners join a race. In how many possible ways can they be arranged as first, second, and third
placers?
Solution: n = 10, r = 3. Therefore it is 10P3.
10!
10P3 =
(10−3)!
10!
=
7!
(10)(9)(8)(7!)
= 7!

= ?

2. In how many ways can 5 people arrange themselves in a row for picture taking?
Solution: n = 5, r = 5. Therefore it is 5P5.
5P5 = (5)(4)(3)(2)(1)

= ?

3. In a race in which six automobiles are entered and there are not ties, in how many ways can the first four
finishers come in?
Solution: n = 6, r = 4. Therefore it is 6P4.
6!
6P4 =
(6−4)!
6!
=
2!
(6)(5)(4)(3)(2!)
= 2!

= ?

D. ASSESSMENT
A. Solve the following problems. (2 points each)
1. A medical researcher needs volunteers to test the effectiveness of an experimental drug. If 13 people
have volunteered for the test, in how many ways can the 6 people be selected?
2. In how many ways can 10 people sit on 10 vacant seats in arrow of a theater?
3. A book club offers a choice of 8 books from a list of 12. In how many ways can a member make a
collection?
B. Evaluate each of the following: (2 points each)
4. 5P5
5. 8P5

E. ASSIGNMENT
Solve the problem. (2 points each)
The Santa Cruz Riders Club organizes a car race in which cars A,B,C and D are entered.
a) In how many ways can the race be finished if there are no ties?
b) In how many ways can the first two positions come in if there are no ties?

CIRCULAR PERMUTATION

4
 B) ACTIVITY
TRIP TO JERUSALEM
In a children’s birthday party, one of the games was “Trip To Jerusalem”. The final round of the game
has only three seats left. If you were the party host, in how many ways can you arrange the seats around a
circular table?
1. List all the possible arrangements of the seats. Two examples are already given.
Clockwise Counterclockwise
1 3
3
1

2 2

2. How many arrangements were you able to make? __________________

3. What have you noticed on the arrangements of seats in clockwise and in counterclockwise directions?
___________________

There is a special case of permutation where the arrangement of things is in a circular pattern. It is
called a circular permutation. From the activity, noticed that the arrangement does not change even if each
seat moves from one place to another in either clockwise or counterclockwise direction. If we use the formula
for linear permutation in finding the number of possible arrangements, we will have to count each different
𝑛! 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)∙…(2)(1)
arrangement n times. Therefore, there are 𝑛 = 𝑛
. Thus, the formula will be (n - 1)! .

On the other hand, the number of permutations of n things around a key ring and the like is
(𝑛 − 1)! (𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) ∙ … (2)(1)
=
2 2

C. APPLICATION
Solve the following problems.
1. In how many ways can six children join hands to form a circle?
Solution: n = 6
( n – 1 )! = ( 6 – 1 )!
= 5!
= (5)(4)(3)(2)(1)
= ___________

2. In how many ways can 3 keys be arranged in a key ring?

Solution: n = 3
(𝑛−1)! (3−1)!
=
2 2
2!
= 2
(2)(1)
= 2
=_______________

2. In how many ways can eight different dishes be arranged around a revolving platter on a dinner table?
Solution: n = 8
( n – 1 )! = ( 8 – 1 )!
= 7!
= (7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)
= ______________

D. ASSESSMENT
Solve the following problems. (2 points each)
1. In how many ways can 9 different colored beads be arranged on a bracelet?
2. In how many ways can 9 people be seated at a round table?
3. Find the number of different ways that a family of 6 can be seated around a circular table with 6 chairs.
4. In how many ways can 8 keys be arranged on a key ring?
5. Find the number of permutations of six colors on a spinner.

E. ASSIGNMENT

5
 Solve the following problems. (2 points each)
1. Find the number of ways 10 cheerleaders can make a circular formation.
2. In how many ways can 5 keys be arranged on a key ring?

PERMUTATIONS WITH REPETITION

B) ACTIVITY
WORDS MATTER

a) Arrange the letters of the word POP. List all the arrangements. Two examples are already given.

Examples: P O P , O P P, _________________________________________________________________

b) Arrange the letters of the word EVEN. List all the arrangements.

Examples: E V E N , E N V E, _______________________________________________________________

c) How many arrangements are there in the word POP? _____________

d) How many arrangements are there in the word EVEN? _____________

Sometimes, the elements with which we want to form permutations are not all different as the case of
the word POP and EVEN. Thus, to find the number of distinguishable permutations of the word POP and
EVEN, we must take into consideration that we cannot distinguish between the 2 P’s in the word POP or the 2
E’s in the word EVEN. We know that the permutations of the 3 letters of the word POP is 3!, but the 2 P’s can
be permuted in 2! ways and do not produce a different result, the number of distinguishable permutations P is
3!
given by 2! P = 3! or P =
2!

(3)(2)(1)
= (2)(1)
=3
Examples: Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters in each word.
1. EVEN
Solution: number of E’s = 2, total number of letters = 4
4!
P = 2!

(4)(3)(2)(1)
= (2)(1)
= 12

2. COMMITTEE
Solution: number of M’s = 2, number of T’s = 2, number of E’s = 2,total number of letters = 9
9!
P=
2!2!2!

(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1)
= (2)(1)(2)(1)(2)(1)
= 45, 360

C. APPLICATION
Find the number of permutations of the letters in each word.
1. PASS 2. STATISTICS 3. BIBLE
Solution: Solution: Solution:
4! 10! 5!
P= P= P=
2! 3!3!2! 2!

(4)(3)(2)(1) (10)(9)(8)(7)(6)(5)(4)(3)(2)(1) (5)(4)(3)(2)(1)

= (2)(1)
= (3)(2)(1)(3)(2)(1)(2)(1)
= (2)(1)
= = =
? ? ?

D. ASSESSMENT
Find the number of permutations of the letters of each word. (2 points each)
1. HONOR 3. FOOTBALL 5. BALL
6
2. ARRANGE 4. TOMATO

E. ASSIGNMENT
LANGUAGE CONNECTION
Sentence: MY SHOELACE IS UNTIED.
1. How many arrangements of all the words are possible?(5 points)
2. Assume that you can use a period or a question mark as punctuation, which arrangements from your list in
#1 makes a meaningful sentence? (5 points)

Lesson 4

A). OBJECTIVE: The learner illustrates the combination of objects.

B) ACTIVITY
PIZAZZY PIZZA

Winona is planning to start a small business by selling pizza. Initially, she plans two a have 2 different
toppings on each pizza that she will sell. The choices of toppings are SAUSAGE, HAM, GREEN PEPPER, and
MUSHROOM.

1. List all the possible combinations of pizza having 2 choices of toppings.

Examples: Ham and Mushroom, Ham and Green Pepper, _________________________________________
2. How many ways are there to arrange the pizza toppings if the order of the toppings is important?_______
3. How many ways are there to arrange the pizza toppings if the order of the toppings is not
important?_______
4. If you are the customer, do you think there will be a difference in the taste between a pizza having sausage
and mushroom or in a pizza with mushroom and sausage as toppings? __________

A selection which is made from a group of items when order is not important is called a
COMBINATION. The symbol for the number of different combinations when n items are selected at r times is
nCr and is read as “the number of combinations of n things taken r at a time.

Thus, the given activity represents the number of combination of 4 things taken 2 at a time or 4C2.

C. APPLICATION
1. A quadrilateral is illustrated below.

a) List all the possible combinations. Some of the combinations are already given.

Solution:
 ABC,  ACB,  BCA,  CAB,  CBA, ____________________________________________________

b) How many triangles can be formed using the vertices of the quadrilateral below?_____________

c) Using nCr, the problem represents 4C3.

2. A royal flush consists of an ace, king, queen, jack and 10 of the same suit.

a) List all the possible combinations. Some of the combinations are already given.
7
Solution:
Ace and King, Ace and Queen, Ace and Jack, _______________________________________________
b) How many different pairs of cards can be chosen from the five cards in a royal flush? ____________
c) Using nCr, the problem represents _______________ .

D. ASSESSMENT
Write a combination for each using nCr (1 point each)
1. If there are 7 distinct points on a plane with no three of which are collinear, how many different polygons can
be possibly formed?
2. Given five different toppings from which to choose, how many different four-topping pizzas are possible?
3. A student must answer 3 out of 5 essay questions on a test. In how many different ways can the student
select the questions?
4. To play a particular card game, each player is dealt five cards from a standard deck of 52 cards. How many
different hands are possible?
5. Rowena would like to invite 7 friends to go on a trip but has a room for only 4 of them. In how many ways
can they be chosen?

E. ASSIGNMENT
Write a combination for each using nCr (1 point each)
There are six men and eleven women in a club. How many different three-member committees can be
chosen so that:
a) all are women
b) all are men
c) there are two men and one man

VI. POST TEST

Directions: Find out how much you already know about the topics in this module. Choose the letter that you
think best answers the question. Please answer all the items. Take note of the items that you were not able to
answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this module.

1. In how many ways can 3 keys be arranged in a key ring?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
2. Which of the following situations does NOT illustrate combination?
A. Selecting 2 songs from 10 choices for an audition piece
B. Fixing the schedule of a group of students who must take exactly 8 subjects
C. Enumerating the subsets of a set
D. Identifying the lines formed by connecting some given points on a plane
3. In how many ways can 6 horses finish a race if there are no ties?
A. 140 B. 220 C. 360 D. 720
4. In how many ways can six children join hands to form a circle?
A. 86 B. 72 C. 120 D. 144
5. In a race in which six automobiles are entered and there are not ties, in how many ways can the first four
finishers come in?
A. 56 B. 330 C. 1400 D. 6720
6. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of the word PASS.
A. 4 B. 12 C. 36 D. 144
7. Using nCr, represent the problem “Given five different toppings from which to choose, how many different
four-topping pizzas are possible?”.
A. 4C5 B. 5C4 C. 4C4 D. 5C5
8. Evaluate 5!.
A. 1 680 B. 840 C. 420 D. 120
9. Find the number of distinguishable permutations of the letters of the word HONOR.
A. 12 B. 36 C. 60 D. 144
10. Which of the following situations or activities involve permutation?
A. matching shirts and pants
B. forming different triangles out of 5 points on a plane, no three of which are collinear
C. assigning telephone numbers to subscribers
D. forming a committee from the members of a club