Assignment 2 DCN

Data Communication Network
Data Communication
Network
Assignment 02
Name: Kainat Khan
Class: MCS/MIT 1
Submitted to: Dr Ishtiaq
DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK
Question 1: Write and explain the reasons that why should we

not use AMPS technique now-a-days?
AMPS were the first generation cellular telephone system. AMPS used frequency
division multiplexing technology which operates like television transmission.
AMPS suffered from many weaknesses compared to today’s digital technologies.
As an analog standard, it was susceptible to static and noise, and there was no
protection from ‘eavesdropping’ using a standard. This is the reason we are not
using AMPS technique now-a-days.
Now-a-days we are using D-AMPS. Digital-Advanced mobile phone service (D-
AMPS) is the newer digital equivalent of analog cellular telephone service. It uses
TDM technology in addition to FDM and provides greater signal clarity and
security than AMPS.
Question 2: Can we use current TCP of wired networks for

wireless as well? Explain your answer.
TCP is a connection-oriented and reliable transport layer protocol. Currently, it is
most widely used protocol in the Internet.
This protocol works well in the wired network, but it does not produce
satisfactory results if it is used in the wireless networks. Usage of TCP in wireless
networks leads to performance degradation, because it considers all the packet
losses as due to congestion and reduces the packet sending rate, and at the same
time, it diminishes the network throughput. This feature is suitable for wired
networks in which packet loss mainly occur due to congestion. However, this is
inappropriate in wireless networks where packet loss occurs due to signals fading,
high bit error rate, hand-off etc.
Question 3: Does bandwidth-delay product have any link with

data rates? Give some example as well
The bandwidth-delay product is the product of a data link’s capacity (in bit per
second) and its end to end delay (in seconds).
The term bandwidth-delay product means exactly what it says__ that is, to take
the product of the bandwidth and the delay. In case of a network link, the
bandwidth refers to the link speed and the delay refers to what the network
would like to account for.
Question 4: if we increase voltage levels in our signals what

would be the consequences?
 Your signals will almost certainly require more power.
 Many noise sources will be independent of the power of your signal. This
means that your signal will have greater noise margin and be easier to
distinguish.
 Your signal will be able to travel farther in a lossy medium.
 Depending upon how high your are increasing the voltage, you may require
more expensive circuitry to generate and process your signal.
Question 5: if we use synchronous transmission in internet

what could be the possible issue? Explain with some example.
Synchronous transmission sends large amount of data transferred very quickly

from one location to the other. The speed of the synchronous transmission is
attained by transferring data in large blocks instead of individual characters. Data
are sent as frames or packets in fixed intervals.
The issues that create by using synchronous transmission
 May create scheduling problems for individuals in different time zones or
who have busy work and family schedules.
 May require additional hardware and software.
 The transmitter and the receiver have to operate at the same clock
frequency. This requires proper synchronization which makes the system
complicated.
For Example: if we want to send a large text file. Before the file is transmitted, it
is first cut up into blocks of sentences. The blocks are then transferred over the
communication link to the target location.
Because there are no beginning and end bits, the data transfer rate is quicker but
there’s an increased possibility of errors occurring. Overtime, the clocks will get
out of sync, and the target would have the incorrect time, so some bytes could
become damaged on account of lost bits. To resolve this issue, it is necessary to
regularly re-synchronize the clocks, as well as to make use of check digits to
ensure that the bytes are correctly received and translated.
Some other examples:
 Face to Face interaction
 Video conferencing
 Chatrooms
 Telephonic conversations

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Data Communication Network

Question 1: Write and explain the reasons that why should we

Question 2: Can we use current TCP of wired networks for

Question 3: Does bandwidth-delay product have any link with

Question 4: if we increase voltage levels in our signals what

Question 5: if we use synchronous transmission in internet

Synchronous transmission sends large amount of data transferred very quickly

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